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Klein E, Wurst R, Rehnlund D, Gescher J. Elucidating the development of cooperative anode-biofilm-structures. Biofilm 2024; 7:100193. [PMID: 38601817 PMCID: PMC11004076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial electrochemical systems are a highly versatile platform technology with a particular focus on the interplay of chemical and electrical energy conversion and offer immense potential for a sustainable bioeconomy. The industrial realization of this potential requires a critical focus on biofilm optimization if performance is to be controlled over a long period of time. Moreover, the aspect and influence of cooperativity has to be addressed as many applied anodic bioelectrochemical systems will most likely be operated with a diversity of interacting microbial species. Hence, the aim of this study was to analyze how interspecies dependence and cooperativity of a model community influence the development of anodic biofilms. To investigate biofilm activity in a spatially resolved manner, a microfluidic bioelectrochemical flow cell was developed that can be equipped with user-defined electrode materials and operates under laminar flow conditions. With this infrastructure, the development of single and co-culture biofilms of the two model organisms Shewanella oneidensis and Geobacter sulfurreducens on graphite electrodes was monitored by optical coherence tomography analysis. The interdependence in the co-culture biofilm was achieved by feeding the community with lactate, which is converted by S. oneidensis into acetate, which in turn serves as substrate for G. sulfurreducens. The results show that co-cultivation resulted in the formation of denser biofilms than in single culture. Moreover, we hypothesize that S. oneidensis in return utilizes the conductive biofilm matrix build by G. sulfurreducens for direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) to the anode. FISH analysis revealed that the biofilms consisted of approximately two-thirds G. sulfurreducens cells, which most likely formed a conductive 3D network throughout the biofilm matrix, in which evenly distributed tubular S. oneidensis colonies were embedded without direct contact to the anode surface. Live/dead staining shows that the outermost biofilm contained almost exclusively dead cells (98 %), layers near the anode contained 45-56 % and the entire biofilm contained 82 % live cells. Our results exemplify how the architecture of the exoelectrogenic biofilm dynamically adapts to the respective process conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Klein
- Institute of Technical Microbiology, University of Technology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - René Wurst
- Institute of Technical Microbiology, University of Technology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Rehnlund
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johannes Gescher
- Institute of Technical Microbiology, University of Technology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Naderi A, Kakavandi B, Giannakis S, Angelidaki I, Rezaei Kalantary R. Putting the electro-bugs to work: A systematic review of 22 years of advances in bio-electrochemical systems and the parameters governing their performance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115843. [PMID: 37068722 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment using bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) can be considered as a technology finding application in versatile areas such as for renewable energy production and simultaneous reducing environmental problems, biosensors, and bioelectrosynthesis. This review paper reports and critically discusses the challenges, and advances in bio-electrochemical studies in the 21st century. To sum and critically analyze the strides of the last 20+ years on the topic, this study first provides a comprehensive analysis on the structure, performance, and application of BESs, which include Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs), Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MECs) and Microbial Desalination Cells (MDCs). We focus on the effect of various parameters, such as electroactive microbial community structure, electrode material, configuration of bioreactors, anode unit volume, membrane type, initial COD, co-substrates and the nature of the input wastewater in treatment process and the amount of energy and fuel production, with the purpose of showcasing the modes of operation as a guide for future studies. The results of this review show that the BES have great potential in reducing environmental pollution, purifying saltwater, and producing energy and fuel. At a larger scale, it aspires to facilitate the path of achieving sustainable development and practical application of BES in real-world scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Naderi
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Kakavandi
- Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Stefanos Giannakis
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil: Hidráulica, Energía y Medio Ambiente, Environment, Coast and Ocean Research Laboratory (ECOREL-UPM), C/Profesor Aranguren, s/n, ES-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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A miniaturized bionic ocean-battery mimicking the structure of marine microbial ecosystems. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5608. [PMID: 36153325 PMCID: PMC9509365 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMarine microbial ecosystems can be viewed as a huge ocean-battery charged by solar energy. It provides a model for fabricating bio-solar cell, a bioelectrochemical system that converts light into electricity. Here, we fabricate a bio-solar cell consisting of a four-species microbial community by mimicking the ecological structure of marine microbial ecosystems. We demonstrate such ecological structure consisting of primary producer, primary degrader, and ultimate consumers is essential for achieving high power density and stability. Furthermore, the four-species microbial community is assembled into a spatial-temporally compacted cell using conductive hydrogel as a sediment-like anaerobic matrix, forming a miniaturized bionic ocean-battery. This battery directly converts light into electricity with a maximum power of 380 μW and stably operates for over one month. Reproducing the photoelectric conversion function of marine microbial ecosystems in this bionic battery overcomes the sluggish and network-like electron transfer, showing the biotechnological potential of synthetic microbial ecology.
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Häuser L, Erben J, Pillot G, Kerzenmacher S, Dreher W, Küstermann E. In vivo characterization of electroactive biofilms inside porous electrodes with MR Imaging. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17784-17793. [PMID: 35765339 PMCID: PMC9199086 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01162j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the limiting processes of electroactive biofilms is key to improve the performance of bioelectrochemical systems (BES). For modelling and developing BES, spatial information of transport phenomena and biofilm distribution are required and can be determined by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in vivo, in situ and in operando even inside opaque porous electrodes. A custom bioelectrochemical cell was designed that allows MRI measurements with a spatial resolution of 50 μm inside a 500 μm thick porous carbon electrode. The MRI data showed that only a fraction of the electrode pore space is colonized by the Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 biofilm. The maximum biofilm density was observed inside the porous electrode close to the electrode-medium interface. Inside the biofilm, mass transport by diffusion is lowered down to 45% compared to the bulk growth medium. The presented data and the methods can be used for detailed models of bioelectrochemical systems and for the design of improved electrode structures. The use of magnetic resonance imaging can contribute to a better understanding of limiting processes occurring in electroactive biofilms especially inside opaque porous electrodes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Häuser
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), University of Bremen 28359 Bremen Germany
| | | | - Guillaume Pillot
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), University of Bremen 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Sven Kerzenmacher
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), University of Bremen 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dreher
- In-vivo-MR Group, Faculty 02 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Ekkehard Küstermann
- In-vivo-MR Group, Faculty 02 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen 28359 Bremen Germany
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5
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Hegazy GE, Taha TH, Abdel-Fattah YR. Investigation of the optimum conditions for electricity generation by haloalkaliphilic archaeon Natrialba sp. GHMN55 using the Plackett-Burman design: single and stacked MFCs. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:82. [PMID: 35562834 PMCID: PMC9107110 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of bioelectricity via the anaerobic oxidation of organic matter by microorganisms is recently receiving much interest and is considered one of the future alternative technologies. In this study, we aimed to produce electrical current by using facultative halophilic archaeon Natrialba sp. GHMN55 as a biocatalyst at the anode of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) to generate electrons from the anaerobic breakdown of organic matter to produce electrical current. Since the MFC’s performance can be affected by many factors, the Plackett–Burman experimental design was applied to optimize the interaction between these factors when tested together and to identify the most significant factors that influence bioelectricity generation. We found that the factors that significantly affected electrical current generation were casein, inoculum age, magnet-bounded electrodes, NaCl, resistor value, and inoculum size; however, the existence of a mediator and the pH showed negative effects on bioelectricity production, where the maximum value of the 200 mV voltage was achieved after 48 h. The optimum medium formulation obtained using this design led to a decrease in the time required to produce bioelectricity from 20 days (in the basal medium) to 2 days (in the optimized medium). Also, the overall behavior of the cell could be enhanced by using multiple stacked MFCs with different electrical configurations (such as series or parallel chambers) to obtain higher voltages or power densities than the single chambers where the series chambers were recorded at 27.5 mV after 48 h of incubation compared with 12.6 mV and 1.1 mV for parallel and single chambers, respectively. These results indicate that the order of preferred MFC designs regarding total power densities would be series > parallel > single.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada E Hegazy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF-Egypt, El-Anfoushy, Qaitbay Sq, Alexandria, 11865, Egypt.
| | - Tarek H Taha
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Universities and Research Institutes Zone, New Borg Elarab city, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Yasser R Abdel-Fattah
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg Elarab city, Alexandria, Egypt
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Mahmoud RH, Gomaa OM, Hassan RYA. Bio-electrochemical frameworks governing microbial fuel cell performance: technical bottlenecks and proposed solutions. RSC Adv 2022; 12:5749-5764. [PMID: 35424538 PMCID: PMC8981509 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08487a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are recognized as a future technology with a unique ability to exploit metabolic activities of living microorganisms for simultaneous conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy. This technology holds the promise to offer sustained innovations and continuous development towards many different applications and value-added production that extends beyond electricity generation, such as water desalination, wastewater treatment, heavy metal removal, bio-hydrogen production, volatile fatty acid production and biosensors. Despite these advantages, MFCs still face technical challenges in terms of low power and current density, limiting their use to powering only small-scale devices. Description of some of these challenges and their proposed solutions is demanded if MFCs are applied on a large or commercial scale. On the other hand, the slow oxygen reduction process (ORR) in the cathodic compartment is a major roadblock in the commercialization of fuel cells for energy conversion. Thus, the scope of this review article addresses the main technical challenges of MFC operation and provides different practical approaches based on different attempts reported over the years. Sustainable operation requires addressing key MFC-bottleneck issues. Enhancing extracellular electron transfer is the key to elevated MFC performance.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab H. Mahmoud
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ola M. Gomaa
- Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabeay Y. A. Hassan
- Nanoscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, 12622 Giza, Egypt
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7
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Xu B, Li Z, Jiang Y, Chen M, Chen B, Xin F, Dong W, Jiang M. Recent advances in the improvement of bi-directional electron transfer between abiotic/biotic interfaces in electron-assisted biosynthesis system. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107810. [PMID: 34333092 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As an important biosynthesis technology, electron-assisted biosynthesis (EABS) system can utilize exogenous electrons to regulate the metabolic network of microorganisms, realizing the biosynthesis of high value-added chemicals and CO2 fixation. Electrons play crucial roles as the energy carriers in the EABS process. In fact, efficient interfacial electron transfer (ET) is the decisive factor to realize the rapid energy exchange, thus stimulating the biosynthesis of target metabolic products. However, due to the interfacial resistance of ET between the abiotic solid electrode and biotic microbial cells, the low efficiency of interfacial ET has become a major bottleneck, further limiting the practical application of EABS system. As the cell membrane is insulated, even the cell membrane embedded electron conduit (no matter cytochromes or channel protein for shuttle transferring) to increase the cell membrane conductivity, the ET between membrane electron conduit and electrode surface is kinetically restricted. In this review, the pathway of bi-directional interfacial ET in EABS system was summarized. Furthermore, we reviewed representative milestones and advances in both the anode outward interfacial ET (from organism to electrode) and cathode inward interfacial ET (from electrode to organism). Here, new insights from the perspectives of material science and synthetic biology were also proposed, which were expected to provide some innovative opinions and ideas for the following in-depth studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Minjiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Boryann Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National I-Lan University, I-Lan 26047, Taiwan
| | - Fengxue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China.
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China.
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8
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Erben J, Pinder ZA, Lüdtke MS, Kerzenmacher S. Local Acidification Limits the Current Production and Biofilm Formation of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 With Electrospun Anodes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:660474. [PMID: 34194407 PMCID: PMC8236948 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.660474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The anodic current production of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is typically lower compared to other electroactive bacteria. The main reason for the low current densities is the poor biofilm growth on most anode materials. We demonstrate that the high current production of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 with electrospun anodes exhibits a similar threshold current density as dense Geobacter spp biofilms. The threshold current density is a result of local acidification in the biofilm. Increasing buffer concentration from 10 to 40 mM results in a 1.8-fold increase of the current density [(590 ± 25) μA cm−2] while biofilm growth stimulation by riboflavin has little effect on the current production. The current production of a reference material below the threshold did not respond to the increased buffer concentration but could be enhanced by supplemented riboflavin that stimulated the biofilm growth. Our results suggest that the current production with S. oneidensis is limited (1) by the biofilm growth on the anode that can be enhanced by the choice of the electrode material, and (2) by the proton transport through the biofilm and the associated local acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Erben
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Malte S Lüdtke
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sven Kerzenmacher
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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9
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Edel M, Sturm G, Sturm-Richter K, Wagner M, Ducassou JN, Couté Y, Horn H, Gescher J. Extracellular riboflavin induces anaerobic biofilm formation in Shewanella oneidensis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:130. [PMID: 34082787 PMCID: PMC8176591 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some microorganisms can respire with extracellular electron acceptors using an extended electron transport chain to the cell surface. This process can be applied in bioelectrochemical systems in which the organisms produce an electrical current by respiring with an anode as electron acceptor. These organisms apply flavin molecules as cofactors to facilitate one-electron transfer catalyzed by the terminal reductases and in some cases as endogenous electron shuttles. RESULTS In the model organism Shewanella oneidensis, riboflavin production and excretion trigger a specific biofilm formation response that is initiated at a specific threshold concentration, similar to canonical quorum-sensing molecules. Riboflavin-mediated messaging is based on the overexpression of the gene encoding the putrescine decarboxylase speC which leads to posttranscriptional overproduction of proteins involved in biofilm formation. Using a model of growth-dependent riboflavin production under batch and biofilm growth conditions, the number of cells necessary to produce the threshold concentration per time was deduced. Furthermore, our results indicate that specific retention of riboflavin in the biofilm matrix leads to localized concentrations, which by far exceed the necessary threshold value. CONCLUSION This study describes a new quorum-sensing mechanism in S. oneidensis. Biofilm formation of S. oneidensis is induced by low concentrations of riboflavin resulting in an upregulation of the ornithine-decarboxylase speC. The results can be applied for the development of strains catalyzing increased current densities in bioelectrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Edel
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gunnar Sturm
- Institute for Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Katrin Sturm-Richter
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Institute for Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | - Yohann Couté
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, IRIG, BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Harald Horn
- Engler-Bunte-Institute, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- DVGW Research Laboratories for Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Johannes Gescher
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Institute for Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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10
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Engineering Cooperation in an Anaerobic Coculture. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02852-20. [PMID: 33771781 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02852-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past century, microbiologists have studied organisms in pure culture, yet it is becoming increasingly apparent that the majority of biological processes rely on multispecies cooperation and interaction. While little is known about how such interactions permit cooperation, even less is known about how cooperation arises. To study the emergence of cooperation in the laboratory, we constructed both a commensal community and an obligate mutualism using the previously noninteracting bacteria Shewanella oneidensis and Geobacter sulfurreducens Incorporation of a glycerol utilization plasmid (pGUT2) enabled S. oneidensis to metabolize glycerol and produce acetate as a carbon source for G. sulfurreducens, establishing a cross-feeding, commensal coculture. In the commensal coculture, both species coupled oxidative metabolism to the respiration of fumarate as the terminal electron acceptor. Deletion of the gene encoding fumarate reductase in the S. oneidensis/pGUT2 strain shifted the coculture with G. sulfurreducens to an obligate mutualism where neither species could grow in the absence of the other. A shift in metabolic strategy from glycerol catabolism to malate metabolism was associated with obligate coculture growth. Further targeted deletions in malate uptake and acetate generation pathways in S. oneidensis significantly inhibited coculture growth with G. sulfurreducens The engineered coculture between S. oneidensis and G. sulfurreducens provides a model laboratory system to study the emergence of cooperation in bacterial communities, and the shift in metabolic strategy observed in the obligate coculture highlights the importance of genetic change in shaping microbial interactions in the environment.IMPORTANCE Microbes seldom live alone in the environment, yet this scenario is approximated in the vast majority of pure-culture laboratory experiments. Here, we develop an anaerobic coculture system to begin understanding microbial physiology in a more complex setting but also to determine how anaerobic microbial communities can form. Using synthetic biology, we generated a coculture system where the facultative anaerobe Shewanella oneidensis consumes glycerol and provides acetate to the strict anaerobe Geobacter sulfurreducens In the commensal system, growth of G. sulfurreducens is dependent on the presence of S. oneidensis To generate an obligate coculture, where each organism requires the other, we eliminated the ability of S. oneidensis to respire fumarate. An unexpected shift in metabolic strategy from glycerol catabolism to malate metabolism was observed in the obligate coculture. Our work highlights how metabolic landscapes can be expanded in multispecies communities and provides a system to evaluate the evolution of cooperation under anaerobic conditions.
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11
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Erben J, Wang X, Kerzenmacher S. High Current Production of
Shewanella Oneidensis
with Electrospun Carbon Nanofiber Anodes is Directly Linked to Biofilm Formation**. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Erben
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT) University of Bremen 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications IMTEK – Department of Microsystems Engineering University of Freiburg Georges-Koehler-Allee 103 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Sven Kerzenmacher
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT) University of Bremen 28359 Bremen Germany
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12
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Microbial Electrochemical Systems: Principles, Construction and Biosensing Applications. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21041279. [PMID: 33670122 PMCID: PMC7916843 DOI: 10.3390/s21041279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial electrochemical systems are a fast emerging technology that use microorganisms to harvest the chemical energy from bioorganic materials to produce electrical power. Due to their flexibility and the wide variety of materials that can be used as a source, these devices show promise for applications in many fields including energy, environment and sensing. Microbial electrochemical systems rely on the integration of microbial cells, bioelectrochemistry, material science and electrochemical technologies to achieve effective conversion of the chemical energy stored in organic materials into electrical power. Therefore, the interaction between microorganisms and electrodes and their operation at physiological important potentials are critical for their development. This article provides an overview of the principles and applications of microbial electrochemical systems, their development status and potential for implementation in the biosensing field. It also provides a discussion of the recent developments in the selection of electrode materials to improve electron transfer using nanomaterials along with challenges for achieving practical implementation, and examples of applications in the biosensing field.
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13
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Ali R, Saravia F, Hille-Reichel A, Gescher J, Horn H. Propionic acid production from food waste in batch reactors: Effect of pH, types of inoculum, and thermal pre-treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124166. [PMID: 32992271 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, lab-scale batch fermentation tests were carried out at mesophilic temperature (30 °C) to examine the influence of inoculum type, pH-value, and thermal pretreatment of substrate on propionic acid (PA) production from dog food. The selected inocula comprised a mixed bacterial culture, milk, and soft goat cheese. The batch tests were performed at pH 4, pH 6, and pH 8 for both, untreated and thermally pretreated food. Results show that the production of PA and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in general were significantly dependent on the chosen inoculum and adjusted pH value. The maximum PA production rates and yields were determined for the cheese inoculum at pH 6 using untreated and pretreated dog food. PA concentration reached 10 gL-1and 26.5 gL-1, respectively. Our findings show that by selecting optimal process parameters, an efficient PA production from model food waste can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowayda Ali
- Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Florencia Saravia
- DVGW-Research Center at Engler-Bunte-Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrea Hille-Reichel
- Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Johannes Gescher
- Institute for Applied Biology (IAB), Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Harald Horn
- Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; DVGW-Research Center at Engler-Bunte-Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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14
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Engineering S. oneidensis for Performance Improvement of Microbial Fuel Cell-a Mini Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:1170-1186. [PMID: 33200267 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a promising technology that utilizes exoelectrogens cultivated in the form of biofilm to generate power from various types of sources supplied. A metal-reducing pathway is utilized by these organisms to transfer electrons obtained from the metabolism of substrate from anaerobic respiration extracellularly. A widely established model organism that is capable of extracellular electron transfer (EET) is Shewanella oneidensis. This review highlights the strategies used in the transformation of S. oneidensis and the recent development of MFC in terms of intervention through genetic modifications. S. oneidensis was genetically engineered for several aims including the study on the underlying mechanisms of EET, and the enhancement of power generation and wastewater treating potential when used in an MFC. Through engineering S. oneidensis, genes responsible for EET are identified and strategies on enhancing the EET efficiency are studied. Overexpressing genes related to EET to enhance biofilm formation, mediator biosynthesis, and respiration appears as one of the common approaches.
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15
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Nazari S, Zinatizadeh AA, Mirghorayshi M, van Loosdrecht MC. Waste or Gold? Bioelectrochemical Resource Recovery in Source-Separated Urine. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:990-1006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Silva AV, Edel M, Gescher J, Paquete CM. Exploring the Effects of bolA in Biofilm Formation and Current Generation by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:815. [PMID: 32457717 PMCID: PMC7225295 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) have emerged in recent years as a promising alternative green source of energy, with microbes consuming organic matter to produce energy or valuable byproducts. It is the ability of performing extracellular electron transfer that allows these microbes to exchange electrons with an electrode in these systems. The low levels of current achieved have been the limiting factor for the large-scale application of METs. Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is one of the most studied electroactive organisms regarding extracellular electron transfer, and it has been shown that biofilm formation is a key factor for current generation. The transcription factor bolA has been identified as a central player in biofilm formation in other organisms, with its overexpression leading to increased biofilm. In this work we explore the effect of this gene in biofilm formation and current production by S. oneidensis MR-1. Our results demonstrate that an increased biofilm formation and consequent current generation was achieved by the overexpression of this gene. This information is crucial to optimize electroactive organisms toward their practical application in METs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana V Silva
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Miriam Edel
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute for Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Johannes Gescher
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute for Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute for Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Catarina M Paquete
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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17
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Sakaushi K, Kumeda T, Hammes-Schiffer S, Melander MM, Sugino O. Advances and challenges for experiment and theory for multi-electron multi-proton transfer at electrified solid–liquid interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:19401-19442. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02741c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding microscopic mechanism of multi-electron multi-proton transfer reactions at complexed systems is important for advancing electrochemistry-oriented science in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Sakaushi
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Ibaraki 305-0044
- Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kumeda
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Ibaraki 305-0044
- Japan
| | | | - Marko M. Melander
- Nanoscience Center
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Jyväskylä
- Jyväskylä
- Finland
| | - Osamu Sugino
- The Institute of Solid State Physics
- the University of Tokyo
- Chiba 277-8581
- Japan
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18
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Suravaram SK, Smith DK, Parkin A, Chechik V. Conductive Gels Based on Modified Agarose Embedded with Gold Nanoparticles and their Application as a Conducting Support for
Shewanella Oneidensis
MR‐1. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David K. Smith
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Alison Parkin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Victor Chechik
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
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19
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Strategies for improving the electroactivity and specific metabolic functionality of microorganisms for various microbial electrochemical technologies. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 39:107468. [PMID: 31707076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Electroactive microorganisms, which possess extracellular electron transfer (EET) capabilities, are the basis of microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) such as microbial fuel and electrolysis cells. These are considered for several applications ranging from the energy-efficient treatment of waste streams to the production of value-added chemicals and fuels, bioremediation, and biosensing. Various aspects related to the microorganisms, electrodes, separators, reactor design, and operational or process parameters influence the overall functioning of METs. The most fundamental and critical performance-determining factor is, however, the microorganism-electrode interactions. Modification of the electrode surfaces and microorganisms for optimizing their interactions has therefore been the major MET research focus area over the last decade. In the case of microorganisms, primarily their EET mechanisms and efficiencies along with the biofilm formation capabilities, collectively considered as microbial electroactivity, affect their interactions with the electrodes. In addition to electroactivity, the specific metabolic or biochemical functionality of microorganisms is equally crucial to the target MET application. In this article, we present the major strategies that are used to enhance the electroactivity and specific functionality of microorganisms pertaining to both anodic and cathodic processes of METs. These include simple physical methods based on the use of heat and magnetic field along with chemical, electrochemical, and growth media amendment approaches to the complex procedure-based microbial bioaugmentation, co-culture, and cell immobilization or entrapment, and advanced toolkit-based biofilm engineering, genetic modifications, and synthetic biology strategies. We further discuss the applicability and limitations of these strategies and possible future research directions for advancing the highly promising microbial electrochemistry-driven biotechnology.
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20
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Sun D, Wan X, Liu W, Xia X, Huang F, Wang A, Smith JA, Dang Y, Holmes DE. Characterization of the genome from Geobacter anodireducens, a strain with enhanced current production in bioelectrochemical systems. RSC Adv 2019; 9:25890-25899. [PMID: 35530078 PMCID: PMC9070056 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02343g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Geobacter anodireducens is unique in that it can generate high current densities in bioelectrochemical systems (BES) operating under high salt conditions. This ability is important for the development of BES treating high salt wastewater and microbial desalination cells. Therefore, the genome of G. anodireducens was characterized to identify proteins that might allow this strain to survive in high salt BES. Comparison to other Geobacter species revealed that 81 of its 87 c-type cytochromes had homologs in G. soli and G. sulfurreducens. Genes coding for many extracellular electron transfer proteins were also detected, including the outer membrane c-type cytochromes OmcS and OmcZ and the soluble c-type cytochrome PgcA. G. anodireducens also appears to have numerous membrane complexes involved in the translocation of protons and sodium ions and channels that provide protection against osmotic shock. In addition, it has more DNA repair genes than most Geobacter species, suggesting that it might be able to more rapidly repair DNA damage caused in high salt and low pH anode environments. Although this genomic analysis provides invaluable insight into mechanisms used by G. anodireducens to survive in high salt BES, genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic studies will need to be done to validate their roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sun
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University Zhoushan 316021 P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Wan
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University Zhoushan 316021 P. R. China
| | - Wenzong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, China Academy of Sciences Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Xue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, China Academy of Sciences Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Fangliang Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
| | - Aijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, China Academy of Sciences Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Jessica A Smith
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Central Connecticut State University 1615 Stanley Street New Britain CT 06050 USA
| | - Yan Dang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University 35 Tsinghua East Road Beijing 100083 China
| | - Dawn E Holmes
- Department of Physical and Biological Sciences, Western New England University 1215 Wilbraham Rd Springfield MA 01190 USA
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21
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Engel C, Schattenberg F, Dohnt K, Schröder U, Müller S, Krull R. Long-Term Behavior of Defined Mixed Cultures of Geobacter sulfurreducens and Shewanella oneidensis in Bioelectrochemical Systems. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:60. [PMID: 30972336 PMCID: PMC6445848 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims to investigate the long-term behavior of interactions of electrochemically active bacteria in bioelectrochemical systems. The electrochemical performance and biofilm characteristics of pure cultures of Geobacter sulfurreducens and Shewanella oneidensis are being compared to a defined mixed culture of both organisms. While S. oneidensis pure cultures did not form cohesive and stable biofilms on graphite anodes and only yielded 0.034 ± 0.011 mA/cm2 as maximum current density by feeding of each 5 mM lactate and acetate, G. sulfurreducens pure cultures formed 69 μm thick, area-wide biofilms with 10 mM acetate as initial substrate concentration and yielded a current of 0.39 ± 0.09 mA/cm2. Compared to the latter, a defined mixed culture of both species was able to yield 38% higher maximum current densities of 0.54 ± 0.07 mA/cm2 with each 5 mM lactate and acetate. This increase in current density was associated with a likewise increased thickness of the anodic biofilm to approximately 93 μm. It was further investigated whether a sessile incorporation of S. oneidensis into the mixed culture biofilm, which has been reported previously for short-term experiments, is long-term stable. The results demonstrate that S. oneidensis was not stably incorporated into the biofilm; rather, the planktonic presence of S. oneidensis has a positive effect on the biofilm growth of G. sulfurreducens and thus on current production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Engel
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Braunschweig Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Florian Schattenberg
- Working Group Flow Cytometry, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katrin Dohnt
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Braunschweig Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Uwe Schröder
- Braunschweig Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susann Müller
- Working Group Flow Cytometry, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rainer Krull
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Braunschweig Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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22
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Brunner S, Klessing T, Dötsch A, Sturm-Richter K, Gescher J. Efficient Bioelectrochemical Conversion of Industrial Wastewater by Specific Strain Isolation and Community Adaptation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:23. [PMID: 30838205 PMCID: PMC6389598 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was the development of a specifically adapted microbial community for the removal of organic carbon from an industrial wastewater using a bioelectrochemical system. In a first step, ferric iron reducing microorganisms were isolated from the examined industrial wastewater. In a second step, it was tested to what extent these isolates or a cocultivation of the isolates with the exoelectrogenic model organism Geobacter sulfurreducens (G. sulfurreducens) were able to eliminate organic carbon from the wastewater. To establish a stable biofilm on the anode and to analyze the performance of the system, the experiments were conducted first under batch-mode conditions for 21 days. Since the removal of organic carbon was relatively low in the batch system, a similar experiment was conducted under continuous-mode conditions for 65 days, including a slow transition from synthetic medium to industrial wastewater as carbon and electron source and variations in the flow rate of the medium. The overall performance of the system was strongly increased in the continuous- compared to the batch-mode reactor and the highest average current density (1,368 mA/m2) and Coulombic efficiency (54.9%) was measured in the continuous-mode reactor inoculated with the coculture consisting of the new isolates and G. sulfurreducens. The equivalently inoculated batch-mode system produced only 82-fold lower current densities, which were accompanied by 42-fold lower Coulombic efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Brunner
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tina Klessing
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Dötsch
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Katrin Sturm-Richter
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Johannes Gescher
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Biofilm Technologies, Institute for Biological Interfaces 1, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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23
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Electro-Microbiology as a Promising Approach Towards Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11071822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microbial electrochemical technologies provide sustainable wastewater treatment and energy production. Despite significant improvements in the power output of microbial fuel cells (MFCs), this technology is still far from practical applications. Extracting electrical energy and harvesting valuable products by electroactive bacteria (EAB) in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) has emerged as an innovative approach to address energy and environmental challenges. Thus, maximizing power output and resource recovery is highly desirable for sustainable systems. Insights into the electrode-microbe interactions may help to optimize the performance of BESs for envisioned applications, and further validation by bioelectrochemical techniques is a prerequisite to completely understand the electro-microbiology. This review summarizes various extracellular electron transfer mechanisms involved in BESs. The significant role of characterization techniques in the advancement of the electro-microbiology field is discussed. Finally, diverse applications of BESs, such as resource recovery, and contributions to the pursuit of a more sustainable society are also highlighted.
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24
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Schmidt A, Sturm G, Lapp CJ, Siebert D, Saravia F, Horn H, Ravi PP, Lemmer A, Gescher J. Development of a production chain from vegetable biowaste to platform chemicals. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:90. [PMID: 29898726 PMCID: PMC6001048 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A future bioeconomy relies on the development of technologies to convert waste into valuable compounds. We present here an attempt to design a biotechnological cascade for the conversion of vegetable waste into acetoin and electrical energy. RESULTS A vegetable waste dark fermentation effluent containing mainly acetate, butyrate and propionate was oxidized in a bioelectrochemical system. The achieved average current at a constant anode potential of 0 mV against standard hydrogen electrode was 177.5 ± 52.5 µA/cm2. During this step, acetate and butyrate were removed from the effluent while propionate was the major remaining component of the total organic carbon content comprising on average 75.6%. The key players with regard to carbon oxidation and electrode reduction were revealed using amplicon sequencing and metatranscriptomic analysis. Using nanofiltration, it was possible to concentrate the propionate in the effluent. The effluent was revealed to be a suitable medium for biotechnological production strains. As a proof of principle, the propionate in the effluent of the bioelectrochemical system was converted into the platform chemical acetoin with a carbon recovery of 86%. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on a full biotechnological production chain leading from vegetable waste to the production of a single valuable platform chemical that integrates carbon elimination steps leading to the production of the valuable side product electrical energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Schmidt
- Department Applied Biology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gunnar Sturm
- Department Applied Biology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christian Jonas Lapp
- Department Applied Biology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniel Siebert
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florencia Saravia
- Chair of Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Harald Horn
- Chair of Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Padma Priya Ravi
- State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Lemmer
- State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes Gescher
- Department Applied Biology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany. .,Institute for Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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25
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Systematic investigation of anode materials for microbial fuel cells with the model organism G . sulfurreducens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Kokko M, Epple S, Gescher J, Kerzenmacher S. Effects of wastewater constituents and operational conditions on the composition and dynamics of anodic microbial communities in bioelectrochemical systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 258:376-389. [PMID: 29548640 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been an ever-growing interest in bioelectrochemical systems (BES) as a sustainable technology enabling simultaneous wastewater treatment and biological production of, e.g. electricity, hydrogen, and further commodities. A key component of any BES degrading organic matter is the anode where electric current is biologically generated from the oxidation of organic compounds. The performance of BES depends on the interactions of the anodic microbial communities. To optimize the operational parameters and process design of BES a better comprehension of the microbial community dynamics and interactions at the anode is required. This paper reviews the abundance of different microorganisms in anodic biofilms and discusses their roles and possible side reactions with respect to their implications on the performance of BES utilizing wastewaters. The most important operational parameters affecting anodic microbial communities grown with wastewaters are highlighted and guidelines for controlling the composition of microbial communities are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Kokko
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Stefanie Epple
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Johannes Gescher
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sven Kerzenmacher
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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27
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Effect of anode polarization on biofilm formation and electron transfer in Shewanella oneidensis /graphite felt microbial fuel cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2018; 120:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Matturro B, Cruz Viggi C, Aulenta F, Rossetti S. Cable Bacteria and the Bioelectrochemical Snorkel: The Natural and Engineered Facets Playing a Role in Hydrocarbons Degradation in Marine Sediments. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:952. [PMID: 28611751 PMCID: PMC5447156 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition and metabolic traits of the microbial communities acting in an innovative bioelectrochemical system were here investigated. The system, known as Oil Spill Snorkel, was recently developed to stimulate the oxidative biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in anoxic marine sediments. Next Generation Sequencing was used to describe the microbiome of the bulk sediment and of the biofilm growing attached to the surface of the electrode. The analysis revealed that sulfur cycling primarily drives the microbial metabolic activities occurring in the bioelectrochemical system. In the anoxic zone of the contaminated marine sediment, petroleum hydrocarbon degradation occurred under sulfate-reducing conditions and was lead by different families of Desulfobacterales (46% of total OTUs). Remarkably, the occurrence of filamentous Desulfubulbaceae, known to be capable to vehicle electrons deriving from sulfide oxidation to oxygen serving as a spatially distant electron acceptor, was demonstrated. Differently from the sediment, which was mostly colonized by Deltaproteobacteria, the biofilm at the anode hosted, at high extent, members of Alphaproteobacteria (59%) mostly affiliated to Rhodospirillaceae family (33%) and including several known sulfur- and sulfide-oxidizing genera. Overall, we showed the occurrence in the system of a variety of electroactive microorganisms able to sustain the contaminant biodegradation alone or by means of an external conductive support through the establishment of a bioelectrochemical connection between two spatially separated redox zones and the preservation of an efficient sulfur cycling.
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29
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Selim HMM, Kamal AM, Ali DMM, Hassan RYA. Bioelectrochemical Systems for Measuring Microbial Cellular Functions. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hend M. M. Selim
- Department of Botany; Faculty of Science; Fayoum University; Fayoum Egypt
| | | | - Dina M. M. Ali
- Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry Depart; Suez Canal University; Ismailia Egypt
| | - Rabeay Y. A. Hassan
- Microanalysis Lab; Applied Organic Chemistry; Department, National Research Centre (NRC); El Bohouth st. Dokki 12622-Giza Egypt
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30
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Resilience, Dynamics, and Interactions within a Model Multispecies Exoelectrogenic-Biofilm Community. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.03033-16. [PMID: 28087529 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03033-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anode-associated multispecies exoelectrogenic biofilms are essential for the function of bioelectrochemical systems (BESs). The individual activities of anode-associated organisms and physiological responses resulting from coculturing are often hard to assess due to the high microbial diversity in these systems. Therefore, we developed a model multispecies biofilm comprising three exoelectrogenic proteobacteria, Shewanella oneidensis, Geobacter sulfurreducens, and Geobacter metallireducens, with the aim to study in detail the biofilm formation dynamics, the interactions between the organisms, and the overall activity of an exoelectrogenic biofilm as a consequence of the applied anode potential. The experiments revealed that the organisms build a stable biofilm on an electrode surface that is rather resilient to changes in the redox potential of the anode. The community operated at maximum electron transfer rates at electrode potentials that were higher than 0.04 V versus a normal hydrogen electrode. Current densities decreased gradually with lower potentials and reached half-maximal values at -0.08 V. Transcriptomic results point toward a positive interaction among the individual strains. S. oneidensis and G. sulfurreducens upregulated their central metabolisms as a response to cultivation under mixed-species conditions. G. sulfurreducens was detected in the planktonic phase of the bioelectrochemical reactors in mixed-culture experiments but not when it was grown in the absence of the other two organisms.IMPORTANCE In many cases, multispecies communities can convert organic substrates into electric power more efficiently than axenic cultures, a phenomenon that remains unresolved. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the potential mutual effects of multispecies communities in bioelectrochemical systems to understand how microbes interact in the coculture anodic network and to improve the community's conversion efficiency for organic substrates into electrical energy. The results reveal positive interactions that might lead to accelerated electron transfer in mixed-species anode communities. The observations made within this model biofilm might be applicable to a variety of nonaxenic systems in the field.
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Bursac T, Gralnick JA, Gescher J. Acetoin production via unbalanced fermentation in Shewanella oneidensis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:1283-1289. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thea Bursac
- Department of Applied Biology; Institute for Applied Biosciences; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Jeffrey A. Gralnick
- BioTechnology Institute and Department of Microbiology; University of Minnesota; Twin Cities St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Johannes Gescher
- Department of Applied Biology; Institute for Applied Biosciences; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Karlsruhe Germany
- Department of Microbiology of Natural and Technical Interfaces; Institute of Functional Interfaces; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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Madjarov J, Prokhorova A, Messinger T, Gescher J, Kerzenmacher S. The performance of microbial anodes in municipal wastewater: Pre-grown multispecies biofilm vs. natural inocula. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 221:165-171. [PMID: 27639235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, different inoculation strategies for continuously operated microbial anodes are analyzed and compared. After 20daysof operation with municipal wastewater anodes pre-incubated with a biofilm of the exoelectrogenic species Geobacter and Shewanella showed current densities of (65±8) μA/cm2. This is comparable to the current densities of non-inoculated anodes and anodes inoculated with sewage sludge. Analysis of the barcoded pre-grown multispecies biofilms reveal that 99% of the original biofilm was detached after 20daysof operation with municipal wastewater. This is in contrast to previous experiments where a pre-grown biofilm of exoelectrogens was operated in batch mode. To implement pre-grown biofilms in continuous systems it will thus be necessary to reveal a window of process parameters in which typical exoelectrogenic microorganisms including model organisms can be kept and/or enriched on anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Madjarov
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Prokhorova
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thorsten Messinger
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Gescher
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute for Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sven Kerzenmacher
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
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Cheng S, Liu W, Sun D, Huang H. Enhanced power production of microbial fuel cells by reducing the oxygen and nitrogen functional groups of carbon cloth anode. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy, Department of Energy Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy, Department of Energy Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Dan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy, Department of Energy Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Haobin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy, Department of Energy Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
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Gangadharan P, Nambi IM, Senthilnathan J. Liquid crystal polaroid glass electrode from e-waste for synchronized removal/recovery of Cr(+6) from wastewater by microbial fuel cell. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 195:96-101. [PMID: 26130291 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the use of Liquid Crystal coated Polaroid Glass Electrode (LCPGE) material collected from disposed liquid-crystal display (LCD) computer monitor as electrodes in microbial fuel cell (MFC) for the simultaneous reduction/recovery of Cr(+6) from chromium wastewater. Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) confirms the presence of NH2, CN, CO and OC and/or COC functional groups in LCPGE. An excellent electrochemical performance with distinct redox peaks were observed in cyclic voltammetry test (100 mV/s). The maximum current density of 110 mA/m(2) (10 mW/m(2)) was achieved by operating MFC in batch mode. At the cathode LCPGE (10.5 cm(2)) interface, toxic Cr(+6) ions readily accepted electrons and formed nontoxic Cr2O3 as confirmed by FT-IR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Moreover, electrochemical impedance analysis shows that bacteria were readily attached to the surface of LCPGE (10.5 cm(2)) within 24 h in a Bioelectrochemical System (BES).
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveena Gangadharan
- Environmental and Water Resources Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, 600036, India
| | - Indumathi M Nambi
- Environmental and Water Resources Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, 600036, India.
| | - Jaganathan Senthilnathan
- Environmental and Water Resources Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, 600036, India
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Sturm-Richter K, Golitsch F, Sturm G, Kipf E, Dittrich A, Beblawy S, Kerzenmacher S, Gescher J. Unbalanced fermentation of glycerol in Escherichia coli via heterologous production of an electron transport chain and electrode interaction in microbial electrochemical cells. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 186:89-96. [PMID: 25812811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microbial electrochemical cells are an emerging technology for achieving unbalanced fermentations. However, organisms that can serve as potential biocatalysts for this application are limited by their narrow substrate spectrum. This study describes the reprogramming of Escherichia coli for the efficient use of anodes as electron acceptors. Electron transfer into the periplasm was accelerated by 183% via heterologous expression of the c-type cytochromes CymA, MtrA and STC from Shewanella oneidensis. STC was identified as a target for heterologous expression via a two-stage screening approach. First, mass spectroscopic analysis revealed natively expressed cytochromes in S. oneidensis. Thereafter, the corresponding genes were cloned and expressed in E. coli to quantify periplasmic electron transfer activity using methylene blue. This redox dye was further used to expand electron transfer to carbon electrode surfaces. The results demonstrate that E. coli can be reprogrammed from glycerol fermentation to respiration upon production of the new electron transport chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sturm-Richter
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frederik Golitsch
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gunnar Sturm
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Elena Kipf
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - André Dittrich
- Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Englerstraße 7, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sebastian Beblawy
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sven Kerzenmacher
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Gescher
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Applied Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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A Highly Efficient Mixed-culture Biofilm as Anodic Catalyst and Insights into Its Enhancement through Electrochemistry by Comparison with G. sulfurreducens. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.12.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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ZHANG YC, JIANG ZH, LIU Y. Application of Electrochemically Active Bacteria as Anodic Biocatalyst in Microbial Fuel Cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(15)60800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Krieg T, Sydow A, Schröder U, Schrader J, Holtmann D. Reactor concepts for bioelectrochemical syntheses and energy conversion. Trends Biotechnol 2014; 32:645-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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39
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Electroactive bacteria—molecular mechanisms and genetic tools. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:8481-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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40
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Kipf E, Zengerle R, Gescher J, Kerzenmacher S. How Does the Choice of Anode Material Influence Electrical Performance? A Comparison of Two Microbial Fuel Cell Model Organisms. ChemElectroChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201402036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Richter K, Gescher J. Accelerated glycerol fermentation in Escherichia coli using methanogenic formate consumption. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 162:389-391. [PMID: 24785787 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli can ferment glycerol anaerobically only under very defined restrictive conditions. Hence, it was the aim of this study to overcome this limitation via a co-cultivation approach. Anaerobic glycerol fermentation by a pure E. coli culture was compared to a co-culture that also contained the formate-oxidizing methanogen Methanobacterium formicicum. Co-cultivation of the two strains led to a more than 11-fold increased glycerol consumption. Furthermore, it supported a constantly neutral pH and a shift from ethanol to succinate production. Moreover, M. formicicum was analyzed for its ability to grow on different standard media and a surprising versatility could be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Richter
- Institut für angewandte Biowissenschaften, Angewandte Biologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Johannes Gescher
- Institut für angewandte Biowissenschaften, Angewandte Biologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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