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Chen K, Zhang J, Li Z, Wang D, Zeng B, Chen W, Yang L, Zhai S, Zhu H. Combining radio frequency heating and alkaline treatment for enhancement of sludge disintegration and volatile fatty acids production from anaerobic fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 412:131373. [PMID: 39209234 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Sludge pretreatment plays a crucial role in solubilizing particulate matters to release organic matter for subsequent anaerobic fermentation (AF). This study innovatively combines radio frequency (RF) heating and alkaline treatment, and finds that the combined pretreatment achieved a sludge disintegration rate of 35.11 %, which is 15.19 % and 8.48 % higher than single RF or alkaline pretreatment. The dissociated ions from the alkali are conducive to RF action on sludge. Furthermore, the combined pretreatment significantly benefits the subsequent AF experiments, resulting in a 9-fold increase in volatile fatty acids production. Considering cost-effectiveness, the optimal operating condition is a 10-minute RF treatment at pH 10 with a total cost of 4.35 × 10-3 dollars per kg soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) increased. These findings provide a foundational basis for the development of a novel technology for sludge pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dongquan Wang
- China Water Investment Co., Ltd., Beijing 100053, China
| | - Bizhen Zeng
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wangyang Chen
- China Water Investment Co., Ltd., Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lisha Yang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shixin Zhai
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongtao Zhu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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2
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Liu R, Xu Y, Cao J, Geng H, Chen R, Liu H, Chen Y, Yuan S, Dai X. Effects of pH-varying thermal modification on sewage sludge: A focus on releasing nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing substances. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 257:121746. [PMID: 38733966 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Sewage sludge is promising for the recovery and utilisation of nutrient components, but its complex nature hinders the release of these components. The combination of pH and thermal modifications shows promise for the release of nutrient components from sludge. However, comprehensive studies on the full spectrum of pH levels and corresponding mechanisms of pH-varying thermal modification are lacking. In this study, the main nutrient components, physicochemical properties, molecular structure, and noncovalent interactions of sludge were comprehensively investigated through pH-varying thermal modification (within a pH range of 2.0 to 12.0 under the same thermal condition). The experimental results showed that the release of main organics, particularly nitrogen (N)-containing organics, was well-fitted, with a tick-like function (R2: 0.74-0.96). The thermal protons exhibited a notable accumulative mutagenic effect on the N-containing organics release, while the thermal hydroxyl ions had a more direct effect, as revealed by the changes in multivalent metals and molecular structures with the protonation-deprotonation of carboxyl groups. The driving force for the release of N-containing organics was identified as the fluctuation of electrostatic interactions at the solid-liquid interface of the sludge. However, the release of phosphorus (P)-containing substances exhibited a contrasting response to that of N-containing substances with varying pH, likely because the reaction sites of thermal protons and thermal hydroxyl ions for P-containing substances were different. Moreover, high concentrations of thermal protons and hydroxyl ions collapsed the Lifshitz-van der Waals interactions of sludge, resulting in a decrease in viscoelasticity and binding strength. These propositions were further confirmed through statistical analyses of the main indicators of the main nutrient components, physicochemical properties, and noncovalent interactions of sludge. These findings can provide a basis for optimising characteristic-specific methods to recovery nutrient components (N/P) from sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jiachang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hui Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shijie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Zhou P, Li D, Zhang C, Ping Q, Wang L, Li Y. Comparison of different sewage sludge pretreatment technologies for improving sludge solubilization and anaerobic digestion efficiency: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171175. [PMID: 38402967 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge reduces organic solids and produces methane, but the complex nature of sludge, especially the difficulty in solubilization, limits AD efficiency. Pretreatments, by destroying sludge structure and promoting disintegration and hydrolysis, are valuable strategies to enhance AD performance. There is a plethora of reviews on sludge pretreatments, however, quantitative comparisons from multiple perspectives across different pretreatments remain scarce. This review categorized various pretreatments into three groups: Physical (ultrasonic, microwave, thermal hydrolysis, electric decomposition, and high pressure homogenization), chemical (acid, alkali, Fenton, calcium peroxide, and ozone), and biological (microaeration, exogenous bacteria, and exogenous hydrolase) pretreatments. The optimal conditions of various pretreatments and their impacts on enhancing AD efficiency were summarized; the effects of different pretreatments on microbial community in the AD system were comprehensively compared. The quantitative comparison based on dissolution degree of COD (DDCOD) indicted that the sludge solubilization performance is in the order of physical, chemical, and biological pretreatments, although with each below 40 % DDCOD. Biological pretreatment, particularly microaeration and exogenous bacteria, excel in AD enhancement. Pretreatments alter microbial ecology, favoring Firmicutes and Methanosaeta (acetotrophic methanogens) over Proteobacteria and Methanobacterium (hydrogenotrophic methanogens). Most pretreatments have unfavorable energy and economic outcomes, with electric decomposition and microaeration being exceptions. On the basis of the overview of the above pretreatments, a full energy and economy assessment for sewage sludge treatment was suggested. Finally, challenges associated with sludge pretreatments and AD were analyzed, and future research directions were proposed. This review may broaden comprehension of sludge pretreatments and AD, and provide an objective basis for the selection of sludge pretreatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Dunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Cong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Qian Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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4
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Vo PHN, Ky Le G, Huy LN, Zheng L, Chaiwong C, Nguyen NN, Nguyen HTM, Ralph PJ, Kuzhiumparambil U, Soroosh D, Toft S, Madsen C, Kim M, Fenstermacher J, Hai HTN, Duan H, Tscharke B. Occurrence, spatiotemporal trends, fate, and treatment technologies for microplastics and organic contaminants in biosolids: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133471. [PMID: 38266587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the occurrence, fate, treatment and multi-criteria analysis of microplastics (MPs) and organic contaminants (OCs) in biosolids. A meta-analysis was complementarily analysed through the literature to map out the occurrence and fate of MPs and 10 different groups of OCs. The data demonstrate that MPs (54.7% occurrence rate) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactants (44.2% occurrence rate) account for the highest prevalence of contaminants in biosolids. In turn, dioxin, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and phosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) have the lowest rates (<0.01%). The occurrence of several OCs (e.g., dioxin, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pharmaceutical and personal care products, ultraviolet filters, phosphate flame retardants) in Europe appear at higher rates than in Asia and the Americas. However, MP concentrations in biosolids from Australia are reported to be 10 times higher than in America and Europe, which required more measurement data for in-depth analysis. Amongst the OC groups, brominated flame retardants exhibited exceptional sorption to biosolids with partitioning coefficients (log Kd) higher than 4. To remove these contaminants from biosolids, a wide range of technologies have been developed. Our multicriteria analysis shows that anaerobic digestion is the most mature and practical. Thermal treatment is a viable option; however, it still requires additional improvements in infrastructure, legislation, and public acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong H N Vo
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Gia Ky Le
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Lai Nguyen Huy
- Environmental Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Lei Zheng
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4103, Australia
| | - Chawalit Chaiwong
- Environmental Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Nam Nhat Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hong T M Nguyen
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4103, Australia
| | - Peter J Ralph
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Danaee Soroosh
- Biotechnology Department, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran 3353-5111, Iran
| | - Sonja Toft
- Urban Utilities, Level 10/31 Duncan St, Fortitude Valley, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Craig Madsen
- Urban Utilities, Level 10/31 Duncan St, Fortitude Valley, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Mikael Kim
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | | | - Ho Truong Nam Hai
- Faculty of Environment, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Haoran Duan
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ben Tscharke
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4103, Australia
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Dong T, Ai J, Zong Y, Zhang Y, Li L, Zhou H, Peng S, He H, Zhang Z, Wang Q. Novel multiplexed alkali enzyme lysis coupled with EDTA pretreatment for RNA virus extraction from wastewater sludge: Optimization, recovery, and detection. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:120102. [PMID: 38228046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
RNA viruses are readily enriched in wastewater sludge owing to adsorption by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) during wastewater treatment, causing pathogenicity. However, conventional wastewater extraction methods often fail to fully extract these viruses from sludge. In this study, three methods: enzymatic (ENP), alkaline (ALP), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) pretreatments were applied to sludges and promote the RNA virus extraction from sludge. Our results show that the total recovery rate of RNA viruses increased by 87.73% after ENP pretreatment, whereas ALP pretreatment inhibited virus extraction. The highest recovery rate of viruses from sludge, reaching 296.80%, was achieved with EDTA pretreatment (EDP) coupled with ENP. Notably, the most significant increase was observed in the abundance of Astroviruses, which increased from 7.60 × 107 to 7.86 × 108 copies/g TSS after EDP + ENP treatment. Our investigations revealed that virus extraction was affected by a class of short-wavelength protein substances, as opposed to tryptophan or tyrosine, which were eluted by proteins with beef paste buffer by substitution after EDP + ENP treatment. The results of this study provide essential insights for sludge-based epidemiology with the required sensitivity for managing the extraction of RNA epidemic viruses to control viral transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Dong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jing Ai
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Yuxi Zong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lanfeng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Sainan Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Hang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengxuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Qilin Wang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Chen Y, Liu S, Ren Z, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Zuo Y, Zhou J, Jia H, Wang T. Potential of non-thermal discharge plasmas for activated sludge settling: effects and underlying mechanisms. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19869-19880. [PMID: 37409031 PMCID: PMC10318417 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02921b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With increase in the construction of urban sewage treatment plants, the output of sludge also surges. Therefore, it is highly important to explore effective ways to reduce the production of sludge. In this study, non-thermal discharge plasmas were proposed to crack the excess sludge. High sludge settling performance was obtained, and the settling velocity (SV30) dramatically decreased from the initial value of 96% to 36% after 60 min of treatment at 20 kV, accompanied by 28.6%, 47.5%, and 76.7% decreases in mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), sludge volume index (SVI), and sludge viscosity, respectively. Acidic conditions improved the sludge settling performance. The presence of Cl- and NO3- slightly promoted the SV30, but CO32- has adverse effects. ·OH and O2˙- in the non-thermal discharge plasma system contributed to the sludge cracking, especially for ·OH. These reactive oxygen species destroyed the sludge floc structure; as a result, the total organic carbon and dissolved chemical oxygen demand obviously increased, the average particle size of the sludge decreased, and the number of coliform bacteria was also reduced. Furthermore, the microbial community abundance and diversity both decreased in the sludge after the plasma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Ningxia Houde Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd Yinchuan 750000 China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Ningxia Houde Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd Yinchuan 750000 China
| | - Zhiyin Ren
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi Province 712100 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture Yangling Shaanxi 712100 PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi Province 712100 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture Yangling Shaanxi 712100 PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Yajie Zuo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi Province 712100 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture Yangling Shaanxi 712100 PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi Province 712100 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture Yangling Shaanxi 712100 PR China
| | - Hongtao Jia
- College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumqi 830052 China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi Province 712100 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture Yangling Shaanxi 712100 PR China
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Xiao B, Chen X, Zhang K, Zheng T, Bian C, Liu J, Li L, Liu J. Improving sewage sludge dewaterability via heterogeneous activation of persulfate by Fe-Al layered double hydroxide: Role of generated SO 4-•. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 342:118194. [PMID: 37210818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Fe-Al layered double hydroxide (Fe-Al LDH) was prepared and applied to activate persulfate to condition sewage sludge and improve its dewaterability. The results showed that Fe-Al LDH activated persulfate to generate a large amount of free radicals, which attacked extracellular polymeric substances and reduced their content, disrupted microbial cells, released bound water, decreased sludge particle size, increased sludge zeta potential, and improved sludge dewaterability. After sewage sludge was conditioned with Fe-Al LDH (0.20 g/g total solids (TS)) and persulfate (0.10 g/g TS) for 30 min, the capillary suction time of the sludge dropped from 52.0 s to 16.3 s, while the moisture content of the sludge cake decreased from 93.2% to 68.5%. The dominant active free radical produced by the Fe-Al LDH-activated persulfate was SO4-•. The maximum Fe3+ leaching of the conditioned sludge was only 102.67 ± 4.45 mg/L, thus effectively alleviating the secondary pollution of Fe3+. The leaching rate of 2.37% was significantly lower than that of the sludge homogeneously activated with Fe2+ (738.4 ± 26.07 mg/L and 71.00%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyi Xiao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianlong Zheng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chunlin Bian
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010051, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010051, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junxin Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Liu R, Xu Y, Song L, Liu S, Liang Z, Zhu D, Dai X. The effect of repeated energy inputs on the release profiles of extracellular organic substances in sewage sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 233:119776. [PMID: 36848849 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic matter (OM) recovery from sewage sludge is critical for sustainable development. Extracellular organic substances (EOS) are the main organic components of sludge, and the release of EOS from sludge is usually the rate-limiting step for OM recovery. However, a poor understanding of the intrinsic characteristics of binding strength (BS) of EOS usually restricts the release of OM from sludge. To reveal the underlying mechanism that how the intrinsic characteristics of EOS limit its release, in this study, the BS of EOS in sludge was quantitatively characterised by 10 rounds of energy input (Ein) with the same magnitude per round; the corresponding changes in the main components, floc structures and rheological properties of sludge after different numbers of Ein were also explored. Results showed that relationships between the release of EOS and the main multivalent metals, median diameters, fractal dimensions, elastic modulus and viscous modulus in the linear viscoelastic region of sludge versus the number of Ein, highlighted that the power-law distribution of BS in EOS was responsible for the occurrence state of organic molecules, stability of floc structures and maintenance of rheological properties. The result of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) further revealed three BS levels of the EOS in sludge, indicating that the release or recovery of OM from sludge occurred in three stages. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that explores the release profiles of EOS in sludge by repeated Ein for assessing the BS. Our findings may provide an important theoretical basis for the development target methods about the release and recovery of OM from sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Liang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zixuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Danyang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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9
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Zou Y, Yang M, Tao Q, Zhu K, Liu X, Wan C, Harder MK, Yan Q, Liang B, Ntaikou I, Antonopoulou G, Lyberatos G, Zhang Y. Recovery of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) polymers from a mixed microbial culture through combined ultrasonic disruption and alkaline digestion. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116786. [PMID: 36410150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PHAs are a form of cellular storage polymers with diverse structural and material properties, and their biodegradable and renewable nature makes them a potential green alternative to fossil fuel-based plastics. PHAs are obtained through extraction via various mechanical, physical and chemical processes after their intracellular synthesis. Most studies have until now focused on pure cultures, while information on mixed microbial cultures (MMC) remains limited. In this study, ultrasonic (US) disruption and alkaline digestion by NaOH were applied individually and in combination to obtain PHAs products from an acclimated MMC using phenol as the carbon source. Various parameters were tested, including ultrasonic sound energy density, NaOH concentration, treatment time and temperature, and biomass density. US alone caused limited cell lysis and resulted in high energy consumption and low efficiency. NaOH of 0.05-0.2 M was more efficient in cell disruption, but led to PHAs degradation under elevated temperature and prolonged treatment. Combining US and NaOH significantly improved the overall process efficiency, which could reduce energy consumption by 2/3rds with only minimal PHAs degradation. The most significant factor was identified to be NaOH dosage and treatment time, with US sound energy density playing a minor role. Under the semi-optimized condition (0.2 M NaOH, 1300 W L-1, 10 min), over 70% recovery and 80% purity were achieved from a 3 g L-1 MMC slurry of approximately 50% PHAs fraction. The material and thermal properties of the products were analyzed, and the polymers obtained from US + NaOH treatments showed comparable or higher molecular weight to previously reported results. The products also exhibited good thermal stability and rheological properties, compared to the commercial standard. In conclusion, the combined US and NaOH method has the potential in real application as an efficient process to obtain high quality PHAs from MMC, and cost-effectiveness can be further optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingfeng Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyue Tao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Keliang Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Marie K Harder
- Values and Sustainability Research Group, Cockcroft Building, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Qun Yan
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Adesso Advanced Materials Wuhu Co. Ltd., Bldg.6, Xinghui Science and Technology Industrial Park, Sanshan District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ioanna Ntaikou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Platani, Patras, GR 26504, Greece
| | | | - Gerasimos Lyberatos
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Platani, Patras, GR 26504, Greece; School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Li J, Xin W, Liang J, Shang P, Song Y, Wang Q, Gamal El-Din M, Arslan M, Guo S, Chen C. Alkaline fermentation of refinery waste activated sludge mediated by refinery spent caustic for volatile fatty acids production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116317. [PMID: 36182845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Volatile fatty acids (VFA), produced from waste activated sludge (WAS), provide unique opportunities for resource recovery in wastewater treatment plants. This study investigates the potential of refinery spent caustic (RSC) on VFA production during refinery WAS (RWAS) alkaline fermentation. The highest VFA yield was 196.3 mg/g-VS at a sludge retention time of 6 days. Amplicon sequencing revealed the enrichment of Soehngenia (20.21%), Bacilli (11.86%), and Brassicibacter (4.17%), which was associated with improved activities of protease (626%) and α-glucosidase (715%). Function prediction analysis confirmed that acetyl-CoA production and fatty acid biosynthesis were enhanced, while fatty acid degradation was inhibited. Accordingly, hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and acetogenesis were improved by 6.87%, 10.67%, and 28.50%, respectively; whereas methanogenesis was inhibited by 28.87%. The sulfate and free ammonia in RSC likely contributed to increased acetic acid production. This study showcases that RWAS alkaline fermentation mediated by RSC for VFA production is the practicable approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Wenzhuo Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Jiahao Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Process and Control, Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, 525000, China
| | - Pengyin Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Yanke Song
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Qinghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China.
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Shaohui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Chunmao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
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11
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Mitraka GC, Kontogiannopoulos KN, Tsivintzelis I, Zouboulis AI, Kougias PG. Optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide explosion for sewage sludge pre-treatment using response surface methodology. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:133989. [PMID: 35181421 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present work was conducted to assess whether the implementation of Supercritical Carbon dioxide Explosion (SCE) is an efficient approach for sewage sludge pre-treatment. In this context, SCE was optimized with the aim to develop a method attempting to increase the biodegradability of sewage sludge's organic matter content, and thus, to enhance the subsequent anaerobic digestion and methane production. The statistical tool of response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the effects of the main pre-treatment parameters (i.e. temperature and time) and their interactions on methane yield, which was defined as the response. Temperature was found to be the most significant variable, having the greatest effect on methane yield. Following this, an optimum set of pre-treatment conditions corresponding to a temperature of 115 °C and time of 13 min, was determined. Under these optimum conditions, the predicted response value was 300 mL CH4/g of volatile solids. The corresponding experimental value obtained from the validation experiment fitted well with this value, clearly demonstrating the effective use of response surface methodology in optimizing SCE. Additionally, under optimum conditions, the methane yield presented a statistically significant increment of 8.7%, compared to untreated sludge. This revealed the impact of SCE as an effective and alternative way for the efficient pre-treatment of sewage sludge. Finally, thermal pre-treatment, alkaline and acidic hydrolysis were also applied to the already pre-treated sludge. It was concluded that the combined pre-treatment techniques contributed to a further increase of methane production compared to raw (untreated) substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia-Christina Mitraka
- Laboratory of Chemical & Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece; Soil and Water Resources Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation Dimitra, Thermi, Thessaloniki, GR-57001, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Tsivintzelis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Anastasios I Zouboulis
- Laboratory of Chemical & Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Panagiotis G Kougias
- Soil and Water Resources Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation Dimitra, Thermi, Thessaloniki, GR-57001, Greece.
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12
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Park J, Cayetano RDA, Kim GB, Jo Y, Kwon Y, Lei Z, Kim SH. Sludge disintegration and anaerobic digestion enhancement by alkaline-thermal pretreatment: Economic evaluation and microbial population analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126594. [PMID: 34953997 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline-thermal pretreatment was examined for waste activated sludge (WAS) disintegration and subsequent anaerobic digestion (AD). Pretreatment at 60 °C was estimated to provide better economic benefits than higher temperature conditions. The maximum methane yield of 215.6 mL/g COD was achieved when WAS was pretreated at 60 °C and pH 10 for 24 h, which was 46.6% higher than untreated WAS. The pretreatment condition also provided the maximum net savings. The degree of sludge disintegration, considering both loosely bound-extracellular polymeric substance and soluble COD, would be a better indicator to predict anaerobic digestibility than the solubilization rate that considers soluble COD alone. Microbial analysis implied that pretreatment facilitated the growth of hydrolytic bacteria, phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. In addition, sludge pretreatment enhanced the growth of both acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens, genera Methanosaeta and Methanobacterium. The mild AT-PT would be useful to enhance the digestion performance and economic benefit of WAS digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsu Park
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Roent Dune A Cayetano
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Beom Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yura Jo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeelyung Kwon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Liu J, Qiu S, Zhang L, He Q, Li X, Zhang Q, Peng Y. Intermittent pH control strategy in sludge anaerobic fermentation: Higher short-chain fatty acids production, lower alkali consumption, and simpler control. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126517. [PMID: 34920083 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pH control to promote short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production during anaerobic alkaline fermentation basically focused on constant pH control. In this study, a simple and consumption-reducing intermittent pH control strategy at moderate temperature (23 ± 2 °C) was investigated with adjusting pH to 10 when naturally reduced to 8. The intermittent pH control strategy could alleviate the inhibition of acid-producing bacteria by strong alkaline and high FA concentration. Meanwhile, microbial diversity promoted by 6% and 69% while the relative abundance of acid-producing bacteria increased by 36% and 61% compared to blank and constant pH fermenters. The relative genes abundance related to amino acid metabolism and fatty acid production were mostly promoted and led to enhanced SCFAs production. In the long-term fermenter, the intermittent pH control strategy could result in a 68% reduction in alkali consumption and a 37% increase in SCFAs production compared to that of the constant pH at 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Shengjie Qiu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qiang He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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14
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Zhang Z, Li X, Liu H, Zamyadi A, Guo W, Wen H, Gao L, Nghiem LD, Wang Q. Advancements in detection and removal of antibiotic resistance genes in sludge digestion: A state-of-art review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126197. [PMID: 34710608 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sludge from wastewater treatment plants can act as a repository and crucial environmental provider of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Over the past few years, people's knowledge regarding the occurrence and removal of ARGs in sludge has broadened remarkably with advancements in molecular biological techniques. Anaerobic and aerobic digestion were found to effectively achieve sludge reduction and ARGs removal. This review summarized advanced detection and removal techniques of ARGs, in the last decade, in the sludge digestion field. The fate of ARGs due to different sludge digestion strategies (i.e., anaerobic and aerobic digestion under mesophilic or thermophilic conditions, and in combination with relevant pretreatment technologies (e.g., thermal hydrolysis pretreatment, microwave pretreatment and alkaline pretreatment) and additives (e.g., ferric chloride and zero-valent iron) were systematically summarized and compared in this review. To date, this is the first review that provides a comprehensive assessment of the state-of-the-art technologies and future recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Zhang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xuan Li
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Huan Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Arash Zamyadi
- Water Research Australia Limited, Melbourne & Adelaide SA 5001, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Haiting Wen
- School of Environment and Nature Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- South East Water, 101 Wells Street, Frankston, VIC 3199, Australia
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Qilin Wang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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15
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Zheng T, Zhang K, Chen X, Ma Y, Xiao B, Liu J. Effects of low- and high-temperature thermal-alkaline pretreatments on anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125400. [PMID: 34139562 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To compare the effects of low- and high-temperature thermal-alkaline pretreatments (LTTAP, 60 ± 1 °C, pH 12.0 ± 0.1, 30 min and HTTAP, 160 ± 1 °C, pH 12.0 ± 0.1, 30 min, respectively) on anaerobic digestion (AD) of waste activated sludge, long-term and semi-continuous experiments were conducted in three laboratory continuous stirred tank reactors. The experimental results showed that the two pretreatments increased the methane yield of sludge from 89.20 ± 2.41 mL/g added volatile solids (VS) to 117.50 ± 5.27 mL/g added VS (LTTAP) and 156.40 ± 2.99 mL/g added VS (HTTAP). After AD, the reduction of sludge (volatile solid) increased from 32.91 ± 0.27% to 44.17 ± 1.53% (LTTAP), and 50.86 ± 1.18% (HTTAP), and the abundance of pathogenic bacteria decreased from 6.53% to 0.38% (LTTAP) and 0.14% (HTTAP). LTTAP enhanced both hydrogentrophic and acetoclastic methanogenis and HTTAP only enhanced acetoclastic methanogenis. Additionally, the energy efficiency of HTTAP and its subsequent AD was lower than that of LTTAP and its subsequent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Zheng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingqun Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Benyi Xiao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Junxin Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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16
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de Sousa TAT, do Monte FP, Silva JVDN, Lopes WS, Leite VD, van Lier JB, de Sousa JT. Alkaline and acid solubilisation of waste activated sludge. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:2980-2996. [PMID: 34185693 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The influence of acidic and alkaline conditions on the solubilisation process of waste activated sludge (WAS) was investigated using HCl and NaOH at pH 2, 10, 11 and 12. The rise in concentration of solubilised compounds, the influence of reaction time, and the influence of the concentration of total solids (TS) during the solubilisation process were determined. Physical and chemical tests demonstrated that pre-treatment provided a release of compounds from the sludge floc matrix into the soluble fraction, characterising the solubilisation process. The highest degree of WAS solubilisation was observed when a pH of 12 was applied. Although largest effects were already attained after 0.25 h, WAS solubilisation continued reaching an increase in total dissolved solids by a factor 10.4 after 720 hrs. Under these conditions, the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), proteins, and carbohydrates resulted in releases up to 15, 40 and 41 times, respectively; phosphorus increased 5.7 times. Results indicate that by applying alkaline pre-treatment, higher TS concentrations can be treated per reactor volume compared to non-pre-treated WAS. Aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability tests showed increased bioconversion potentials in full-scale treatment plants. The respirometry tests ratify the improvement in solubilisation, with O2 consumption rates increasing 1.4 times, concomitant with an additional 261 mg·L-1 of the COD used, which represents 90% bioconversion of waste activated sludge. Biomethanisation test indicated an increase of 3.6 times relative to the blank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tales Abreu Tavares de Sousa
- Post-Graduate Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Fernanda Patrício do Monte
- Post-Graduate Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil E-mail:
| | - José Vanderley do Nascimento Silva
- Post-Graduate Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Wilton Silva Lopes
- Post-Graduate Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Valderi Duarte Leite
- Post-Graduate Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Jules B van Lier
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Section Sanitary Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - José Tavares de Sousa
- Post-Graduate Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil E-mail:
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17
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Li J, Wang Q, Liang J, Li H, Guo S, Gamal El-Din M, Chen C. An enhanced disintegration using refinery spent caustic for anaerobic digestion of refinery waste activated sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 284:112022. [PMID: 33515842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alkali-mediated disintegration is efficient to improve the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS). In the present study, the role and potential of refinery spent caustic (RSC), an alkaline hazardous waste, in enhancing the disintegration of refinery waste activated sludge (RWAS) was investigated. The high alkalinity and free ammonia of RSC destroyed the microbial cell wall and promoted the release of intracellular substances. The contents of N-acetylglucosamine and proteins in the disintegrated liquid greatly increased to 0.41 mg/L and 1147 mg/L, respectively, relative to no disintegration (0.04 mg/L and 3.3 mg/L). The methane production (66.1 mL/g-VS) from RWAS anaerobic digestion increased by 226% compared to without disintegration (20.3 mL/g-VS). This study provides a newly developed "wastes-treat-wastes" management approach of refinery wastewater using combined treatment processes for RWAS and RSC using a cost-efficient and environmentally friendly disintegration of RWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Qinghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Jiahao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Huimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Shaohui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Chunmao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China.
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18
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Li W, Zhu N, Shen Y, Yuan H. Towards efficient elimination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from waste activated sludge by ozonation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110783. [PMID: 33497683 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge is one of the sinks for PAHs accumulation and concerns are growing regarding the environmental risk of the discharge of PAHs in waste activated sludge (WAS) as a major byproduct of sewage treatment. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of ozone treatment to eliminate the 16 priority PAHs in WAS. The PAHs removal efficiency increased with ozone dosage and was strongly pH dependent. Even at ozone dosage of 40 mg O3·g-1, the PAHs removal efficiency at pH 9.0 (44.5%) was significantly higher than that observed at pH 5.0 and 200 mg O3·g-1 (41.7%). The pH-dependent elimination behavior of PAHs was attributed to the varying yield of hydroxyl radicals (OH) and degree of sludge disintegration (R2 = 0.88-0.92). Over 96% of the PAHs were in the particulate flocs (PF) phase, while the fraction bound to the freely dissolved (FS) and dissolved and colloidal (DC) matters was negligible, indicating the need of WAS disintegration during ozonation to make PAHs more accessible to O3 molecules and OH to initiate oxidation reactions. Failure of the three-compartment model to describe the PAHs sorption behavior in sludge matrix during ozonation implied that oxidation reaction occurred simultaneously with the partitioning of PAHs from PS to DC/FS fraction. Lastly, the results of the intermittent ozonation experiment demonstrated the interference of soluble organic compounds during PAHs degradation, particularly proteins and humic substances, as O3 and OH scavengers. At ozone dosage of 120 mg O3·g-1 (pH 9.0), the PAHs removal efficiency was improved by 19.5% by intermittent ozonation, as compared to continuous ozonation under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yanwen Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Haiping Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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19
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Tian Q, Jiao P, Lu H, Zhu Y, Wolfgang S. Dissolved organic matter byproducts from combined low-level alkaline and mechanical treatment of sludge: species, and their bioavailability. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:1446-1458. [PMID: 33767049 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low-level alkalinity (pH 9-10) coupled with ultrasonic or mechanical cutting with different energy input for obtaining carbon sources were tested for sludge pretreatment process before anaerobic sludge digestion. The differences between the primary sludge (PS) and waste activated sludge (WAS)-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) species were evaluated for their bioavailability and affinity (in the form of amino acids) to the bio-nutrient removal (BNR) biomass. Soluble microbial by-product-like substances as the predominant DOM components in the raw PS and WAS increased by 23 and 22%, respectively, after low-level alkaline treatment (pH 9-10) and ultrasonication. In addition, the protein components were degraded further as free amino acids (FAAs). The sludge-derived aspartate, glutamate, followed by arginine were the most commonly used FAAs by the BNR biomass. The pattern of recovering this special sludge-derived carbon source to enhance P removal and recovery in the BNR process is depicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, Shanghai, China E-mail:
| | - Pengbo Jiao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, Shanghai, China E-mail:
| | - Haoliang Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, Shanghai, China E-mail:
| | - Yanbin Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, Shanghai, China E-mail:
| | - Sand Wolfgang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, Shanghai, China E-mail: ; Aquatische Biotechnologie Biofilm Centre, University Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany and Technical University and Minin04 g Academy, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
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20
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Jallouli W, Keskes S, Guidara W, Rezgui F, Sayadi S, Tounsi S. Acidic pretreatment as a chemical approach for enhanced Photorhabdus temperata bioinsecticide production from industrial wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 278:111476. [PMID: 33142150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The chemical treatment of the wastewater used for the bioinsecticide production by the bacterium Photorhabdus temperata was investigated in this study. An improvement of the volatile suspended solids (VSS) solubilization along with an increase in protein, carbohydrate, reducing sugar and nitrogen concentrations were demonstrated after alkali and thermo-alkali hydrolysis. In contrast, the application of acidic and thermo-acidic pretreatments reduced the organic matter hydrolysis. Compared to untreated wastewater, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) solubilization and the heavy metal concentration, except manganese, were enhanced in all the chemically pretreated wastewaters. Although its low contribution in the solubilization of the wastewater organic matter, the acidic-pretreated wastewater showed the highest performance in supporting P. temperata biopesticide production. Indeed, using the acidic-pretreated wastewater as a fermentation medium decreased the lag phase, enhanced the growth of the strain K122 to reach a final biomass production of 20 × 108 cells/mL, increased culturable cell count to 262 × 106 cells/mL and improved oral toxicity against Ephestia kuehniella larvae by 68.4%. Among chemical pretreatments performed, the acidic hydrolysis was demonstrated to be the unique promising one for P. temperata bioinsecticide production due to its ability to reduce aromatic compounds as shown by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Jallouli
- Biopesticides Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax University, P.O. Box '1177', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Sahar Keskes
- Biopesticides Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax University, P.O. Box '1177', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Wassim Guidara
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Sfax Medical School, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Rezgui
- Analysis Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax University, P.O. Box '1177', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Slim Tounsi
- Biopesticides Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax University, P.O. Box '1177', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
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21
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Xu Q, Huang QS, Wei W, Sun J, Dai X, Ni BJ. Improving the treatment of waste activated sludge using calcium peroxide. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 187:116440. [PMID: 32980604 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The treatment and disposal of waste activated sludge (WAS) has become one of the major challenges for the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) due to large output, high treatment costs and enriched substantial emerging contaminants (ECs). Therefore, reducing sludge volume, recovering energy and resource from WAS, and removing ECs and decreasing environmental risk have gained increasing attentions. Calcium peroxide (CaO2), a versatile and safe peroxide, has been widely applied in terms of WAS treatment including sludge dewatering, anaerobic sludge digestion and anaerobic sludge fermentation due to its specific properties such as generating free radicals and alkali, etc., providing supports for sludge reduction, recycling, and risk mitigation. This review outlines comprehensively the recent progresses and breakthroughs of CaO2 in the fields of sludge treatment. In particular, the relevant mechanisms of CaO2 enhancing WAS dewaterability, methane production from anaerobic digestion, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and hydrogen production from anaerobic fermentation, and the removal of ECs in WAS and role of experiment parameters are systematically elucidated and discussed, respectively. Finally, the knowledge gaps and opportunities in CaO2-based sludge treatment technologies that need to be focused in the future are prospected. The review presented can supply a theoretical basis and technical reference for the application of CaO2 for improving the treatment of WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.
| | - Qi-Su Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.
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22
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Song S, Jiang M, Yao J, Liu H, Dai X, Wang G. Alkaline-thermal pretreatment of spectinomycin mycelial residues: Insights on anaerobic biodegradability and the fate of antibiotic resistance genes. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127821. [PMID: 32750621 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline-thermal (AT) pretreatment is an economical and efficient pretreatment method to improve anaerobic biodegradability of biowaste. This study investigated the effect of AT pretreatment of spectinomycin mycelial residues (SMRs) for promoting anaerobic biodegradability along with the reduction of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and thus obtained the optimal conditions of AT pretreatment. Biomethane potential (BMP) test was conducted to evaluate the anaerobic biodegradability of untreated and pretreated SMRs, and the fate of ARGs was tracked by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that the modified Gompertz model fitted the results of BMP tests satisfactorily. Furthermore, AT pretreatment promoted BMP (B0) and reduced lag phase (λ) effectively. These were attributed to the solubilization of SMRs. The analyses of the changes in dissolved organic matter indicated that AT pretreatment could facilitate the solubilization of both biodegradable (e.g. protein) and recalcitrant matter (e.g. humic-like, analyzing by EEMs-PARAFAC), which had a significant corresponding positive (Person correlation, p < 0.01) and negative (Partial correlation, p < 0.01) influences on anaerobic biodegradability. However, the positive effects surpassed the negative effects, promoting the overall anaerobic biodegradability of SMRs. In addition, a considerable reduction of ARGs (by 0.62-1.36 log units) was observed at pH ≥ 12, attributed to the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bond of DNA in strong alkaline solution. Considering both anaerobic biodegradability and ARGs, the optimal AT condition was concluded as pH 12, temperature 90 °C and time 120 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Song
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Mingye Jiang
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jie Yao
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; National Engineering Center of Urban Water Resources, 202 Haihe Road, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Huiling Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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23
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Lu Q, Yu Z, Wang L, Liang Z, Li H, Sun L, Shim H, Qiu R, Wang S. Sludge pre-treatments change performance and microbiome in methanogenic sludge digesters by releasing different sludge organic matter. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 316:123909. [PMID: 32739582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, temporal impacts of thermal, alkaline/acid and thermal-alkaline sludge pre-treatments on digestion performance and microbiome were investigated and compared in methanogenic sludge digesters. Results showed that thermal and alkaline/acid pre-treatments were efficient in releasing intracellular and EPS organic matter, respectively. The thermal-alkaline pre-treatment showed synergistic impacts of both thermal and alkaline/acid pre-treatments by releasing the major portion of sludge organic matter from solid- to liquid-phase, which result in 60-65% organic carbon removal in subsequent sludge digestion and further optimizing digestion temperature had negligible improvement. The 16S rRNA gene-based analyses suggested that organic matter released from sludge pre-treatments is a major deterministic parameter in shaping sludge microbiome. Pre-treatment specific lineages were identified in different sludge digesters, whereas several taxa were identified as common functionally active populations in sludge digestion. This study provided mechanistic insights into impacts of pre-treatments on digestion performance and microbiome in methanogenic sludge digesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Lu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zehui Yu
- Beijing Enterprises Water Group (China) Investment Limited, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Li Wang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhiwei Liang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Haocong Li
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lianpeng Sun
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hojae Shim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shanquan Wang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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24
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Xu Y, Zheng L, Geng H, Liu R, Dai X. Enhancing acidogenic fermentation of waste activated sludge via isoelectric-point pretreatment: Insights from physical structure and interfacial thermodynamics. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116237. [PMID: 32739701 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The poor biodegradability of waste activated sludge (WAS) is widely regarded as one of the main bottlenecks in the fermentation of sludge and is attributed mainly to the complex nature of sludge. In this study, the physical structure and interfacial thermodynamics of sludge, which reflect its complex nature, were explored to reveal the effects of isoelectric-point (pI) pretreatment on enhancing the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA). It was observed that the maximum VFA production and the initial VFA production rate increased by 151.2% and 46.6%, respectively, after pI pretreatment, which indicates that pI pretreatment significantly improved the generation efficiency of VFA. The experimental results of 12-day acidogenic fermentation assays following pI pretreatment show that the maximum concentrations of soluble total organic carbon, soluble protein and soluble polysaccharide increased by 209.8%, 148.9% and 84.5%, respectively, and the maximal proportion of low molecular weight (<1 kDa) soluble organic substances increased by 92.4%, thus confirming that pI pretreatment can promote organic solubilisation and hydrolysis in sludge. The analyses of changes in the fractal dimension (Df), the spatial configuration of extracellular polymeric substances, and the interfacial non-covalent interaction energy of sludge during the fermentation process reveal that pI pretreatment can loosen the physical structure, promote the spatial extension of biopolymer molecular chains, and increase the driving forces of solid-liquid interfacial enzymatic reactions. It is thus hypothesised that these changes could be responsible for the high degree of organic solubilisation, hydrolysis and acidification of WAS, which is further confirmed by correlation analyses of the Df and interfacial free energy versus VFA production. These findings are expected to provide a possible means to improve the biodegradability of sludge via its pI to trigger dismantling of the sludge structure and increase the driving forces of interfacial enzymatic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Linke Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Hui Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, PR China.
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25
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Wu Y, Cao J, Zhang T, Zhao J, Xu R, Zhang Q, Fang F, Luo J. A novel approach of synchronously recovering phosphorus as vivianite and volatile fatty acids during waste activated sludge and food waste co-fermentation: Performance and mechanisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 305:123078. [PMID: 32135351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This research proposed an innovative approach to synchronously enhance the recovery of phosphorus (P) as vivianite and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) during waste activated sludge (WAS) and food waste (FW) co-fermentation. A high performance was achieved under 30% FW addition and pH uncontrolled, which gained 83.09% of TP recovery as high-purity vivianite (93.90%), together with efficient VFAs production (7671 mg COD/L). The FW supplement could enhance VFAs production and subsequently lower pH to contribute to the release of Fe2+ and PO43-. Also, it could dampen disrupting effects of strong acidic pH on microbial cells (lowering LDH release). Moreover, the flexible pH variation caused by biological acidification could maintain relatively higher microbial activities (increasing enzymes' activities), which was advantageous to the biological effects involved in Fe2+ and PO43 release and VFAs generation. Therefore, this research provide a promising and economic alternative to dispose of WAS and FW simultaneously for valuable resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Guohe Environmental Research Institute (Nanjing) Co., Ltd, Nanjing 211599, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jianan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Runze Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Guohe Environmental Research Institute (Nanjing) Co., Ltd, Nanjing 211599, China
| | - Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Guohe Environmental Research Institute (Nanjing) Co., Ltd, Nanjing 211599, China.
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26
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Li X, Chen L, Ji Y, Li M, Dong B, Qian G, Zhou J, Dai X. Effects of chemical pretreatments on microplastic extraction in sewage sludge and their physicochemical characteristics. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 171:115379. [PMID: 31869692 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge is a primary pathway for microplastics (MPs) entering into terrestrial ecosystems. However, a standardized method to analyze MP in sludge is lacking due to its high organic matter. This study investigated the extraction efficiency of six MPs in five solid matrices, i.e. sewage sludge, cattle manure, soil, sediment and silicon dioxide. Results show lower extraction efficiency of 87.2% for MPs in sludge compared with that in other matrices, especially polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (only 27.8%). The possible reason was that the presence of extracellular polymeric substances within the sludge hinders the MPs to float. Therefore, five protocols, i.e. hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Fenton, nitric acid (HNO3), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were used to pretreat the sludge and optimize the MP extraction. The sludge pretreated by H2O2, Fenton and 1 M of acids had higher MP extraction efficiency than the raw sludge due to higher extraction of the PET. The MP extraction efficiency in the sludge first increased, and subsequently decreased with the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) content, implying that moderate dissolution of sludge organic matter is beneficial to the MP extraction. Quantitative analysis of the changes in the MP physicochemical characteristics after the pretreatments indicated that polyamide (PA) and PET are not resistant to acid and alkali treatment, respectively. Principal component analysis shows that the effect of pretreatments on the MPs follows a decreasing sequence: alkali > high concentration of acids > low concentration of acids > H2O2 and Fenton. Additionally, the susceptibility of the MPs to the pretreatments follows a decreasing sequence: PET, PA and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) > polystyrene (PS) > polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). The findings supply novel insights into the effect of chemical pretreatments on MP extraction in sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Lubei Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Yanyan Ji
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Man Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - John Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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27
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Wang S, Yu S, Lu Q, Liao Y, Li H, Sun L, Wang H, Zhang Y. Development of an alkaline/acid pre-treatment and anaerobic digestion (APAD) process for methane generation from waste activated sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:134564. [PMID: 31784169 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic sludge digesters are biorefineries for energy recovery from waste activated sludge (WAS) via methane production, in which disintegration of floc structure and microbial cells is a major challenge in releasing extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and cytoplasmic macromolecules for subsequent hydrolysis and fermentation. Here, we developed a new process combining alkaline/acid pre-treatments and anaerobic digestion (APAD) to improve sludge digestion. Both alkaline and acid pre-treatments effectively disintegrated the floc structure and microbial cells to release sludge organic contents. Under the optimized alkaline/acid pre-treatment condition, carbon removal achieved 52.8 ± 1.7% in APAD digesters, in contrast to 30.9 ± 2.2% and 42.4 ± 1.6% in anaerobic digesters fed with fresh WAS (control-AD) and thermal pre-treated sludge (thermal-AD), respectively. Both alkaline/acid and thermal pre-treatments largely shifted sludge community composition and function, but in distinct ways, possibly due to their different sludge constitutes (i.e., dissolved organic matter and NaCl). Correspondingly, microbial network analysis identified three modules with varied keystone taxa and interaction patterns in the three digesters. Life cycle assessment showed the comparable environmental impacts of APAD, thermal-AD and control-AD. In all, this study provided a new solution for WAS treatment and insights into impact of sludge pre-treatments on sludge digestion microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanquan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Sining Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qihong Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingying Liao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Haocong Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lianpeng Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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28
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Gao J, Wang Y, Yan Y, Li Z, Chen M. Protein extraction from excess sludge by alkali-thermal hydrolysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:8628-8637. [PMID: 31904100 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07188-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The protein in excess sludge can be extracted effectively by the alkali-thermal method, and the extracted protein can be used as a foaming agent and in other industrial raw materials to realize its resource utilization. In this paper, the factors influencing sludge protein extraction by the alkali-thermal method were optimized based on the protein extraction rate and the polypeptide content, which determine the foaming performance of the extracted protein. The results showed that the optimal conditions were a pH of 12, a temperature of 120 °C, a reaction time of 4 h, and a sludge moisture content of 92%. Under these optimized conditions, the extraction rate of protein and the concentration of polypeptides were 88.3% and 6599 mg/L, respectively. Additionally, the foaming performance of the extracted protein solution was tested, and the foamability and foam stability were close to 450% and 88.8%, respectively. Therefore, the sludge protein extracted by the alkali-thermal method can meet the relevant standards of foam extinguishing agents and concrete foaming agents in China. In addition, the dewatering performance of the hydrolyzed sludge was improved by 93.1%, which provided favorable conditions for the subsequent separation of the protein solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Gao
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yixin Yan
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Zheng Li
- Zhengzhou University Multi-Functional Design and Research Academy Co, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Manli Chen
- Zhengzhou University Multi-Functional Design and Research Academy Co, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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29
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Fang W, Zhang X, Zhang P, Wan J, Guo H, Ghasimi DSM, Morera XC, Zhang T. Overview of key operation factors and strategies for improving fermentative volatile fatty acid production and product regulation from sewage sludge. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 87:93-111. [PMID: 31791521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production through anaerobic fermentation of sewage sludge, instead of methane production, has been regarded as a high-value and promising roadmap for sludge stabilization and resource recovery. This review first presents the effects of some essential factors that influence VFA production and composition. In the second part, we present an extensive analysis of conventional pretreatment and co-fermentation strategies ultimately addressed to improving VFA production and composition. Also, the effectiveness of these approaches is summarized in terms of sludge degradation, hydrolysis rate, and VFA production and composition. According to published studies, it is concluded that some pretreatments such as alkaline and thermal pretreatment are the most effective ways to enhance VFA production from sewage sludge. The possible reasons for the improvement of VFA production by different methods are also discussed. Finally, this review also highlights several current technical challenges and opportunities in VFA production with spectrum control, and further related research is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. E-mail:
| | - Xuedong Zhang
- Department of Water Management, Section Sanitary Engineering, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Panyue Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jijun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Hongxiao Guo
- Department of Water Management, Section Sanitary Engineering, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Dara S M Ghasimi
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kurdistan Hewlêr, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Xavier Carol Morera
- Institut Quimíc de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. E-mail: .
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Liu B, Jin R, Liu G, Gu C, Dong B, Zhou J, Xing D. Effect on sludge disintegration by EDTA-enhanced thermal-alkaline treatment. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:42-50. [PMID: 31165557 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sludge disintegration is an effective pretreatment to enhance the biodegradability of sludge. At present, the thermal-alkaline is one of the most commonly used methods, but it has a massive consumption of energy and chemical reagents. EDTA-enhanced thermal-alkaline treatment was used to strengthen the dewatered sludge disintegration at mid-low temperature in this study. Results showed that the dissolving-out quantity of soluble chemical oxygen demand and the volatile solid (VS) in residual sludge in the EDTA-added group were 14.7% higher and 7% lower than those in control system without EDTA, respectively, indicating that EDTA addition improved the performance of sludge disintegration. The addition of EDTA loosened the floc structure and enhanced the hydrolyzability of dissolved organic matters (DOM) with a narrower distribution of the relative molecular weight. The membrane damage of microbial cells in EDTA-added group reached 73.3% after 120 min, which was much higher than that in the control group (31.9%). EDTA contains a large number of hydrogen bond acceptors and could form hydrogen bonds with alcohols and phenols in solubilization products and DOM. It was speculated that the mechanism of EDTA-enhanced sludge disintegration was related to the formation of hydrogen bonds between EDTA and organic matter inside and outside the cell. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The addition of EDTA facilitated the thermal-alkali cracking of dewatered sludge. EDTA increased the particle size of sludge and enhanced the hydrolysis of DOM. The strengthening effect mainly occurred at the beginning of TB-EPS dissolving slowly. Hydrogen bond played important roles in the enhanced disintegration of sludge by EDTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Ruofei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Guangfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Chen Gu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jiti Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Defeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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31
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Yuan Y, Hu X, Chen H, Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Wang D. Advances in enhanced volatile fatty acid production from anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133741. [PMID: 31756829 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Low acid production and acid-forming process instability are becoming the major issues to limit the popularization of anaerobic fermentation to produce volatile fatty acid. Considerable research efforts have been made to address these problems, from studying the microorganisms that are primarily responsible for or detrimental to this process, to determining their biochemical pathways and developing mathematical models that facilitate better prediction of process performance to identify the mechanism and optimization of process control. A limited understanding of the complex microbiology and biochemistry of anaerobic fermentation is the primary cause of acid production upset or failure. This review critically assesses the recent advances in enhanced volatile fatty acid production from anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge from micro to macro scale, particularly relating to the microbiology, biochemistry, impact factors, and enhancement methods. Previous results suggest that further studies are necessary to substantially promote the efficiency and stability of acid production. One of the promising directions appears to be integrating the existing and growing pretreatment technologies and fermentation processes to enhance metabolic pathways of acetogens but inhibit activities of methanogens, which this study hopes to partially achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi Yuan
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xiayi Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University 411105, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yefeng Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University 411105, China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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32
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Lu Y, Zhang C, Zheng G, Zhou L. Improving the compression dewatering of sewage sludge through bioacidification conditioning driven by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans: dewatering rate vs. dewatering extent. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:3176-3189. [PMID: 29649956 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1465129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Prior to mechanical dewatering, sludge conditioning is indispensable to reduce the difficulty of sludge treatment and disposal. The effect of bioacidification conditioning driven by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans LX5 on the dewatering rate and extent of sewage sludge during compression dewatering process was investigated in this study. The results showed that the bioacidification of sludge driven by A. ferrooxidans LX5 simultaneously improved both the sludge dewatering rate and extent, which was not attained by physical/chemical conditioning approaches, including ultrasonication, microwave, freezing/thawing, or by adding the chemical conditioner cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM). During the bioacidification of sludge, the decrease in sludge pH induced the damage of sludge microbial cell structures, which enhanced the dewatering extent of sludge, and the added Fe2+ and the subsequent bio-oxidized Fe3+ effectively flocculated the damaged sludge flocs to improve the sludge dewatering rate. In the compression dewatering process consisting of filtration and expression stages, high removal of moisture and a short dewatering time were achieved during the filtration stage and the expression kinetics were also improved because of the high elasticity of sludge cake and the rapid creeping of the aggregates within the sludge cake. In addition, the usefulness of bioacidification driven by A. ferrooxidans LX5 in improving the compression dewatering of sewage sludge could not be attained by the chemical treatment of sludge through pH modification and Fe3+ addition. Therefore, the bioacidification of sludge driven by A. ferrooxidans LX5 is an effective conditioning method to simultaneously improve the rate and extent of compression dewatering of sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Guanyu Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiang Zhou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
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Evaluation of Feasibility of Using the Bacteriophage T4 Lysozyme to Improve the Hydrolysis and Biochemical Methane Potential of Secondary Sludge. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12193644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of secondary sludge is a rate-limiting step due to the bacterial cell wall. In this study, experiments were performed to characterize secondary sludges from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and to investigate the feasibility of using bacteriophage lysozymes to speed up AD by accelerating the degradation of bacterial cell walls. Protein was the main organic material (67.7% of volatile solids in the sludge). The bacteriophage T4 lysozyme (T4L) was tested for hydrolysis and biochemical methane potential. Variations in the volatile suspended solid (VSS) concentration and biogas production were monitored. The VSS reduction efficiencies by hydrolysis using T4L for 72 h increased and ranged from 17.8% to 26.4%. Biogas production using T4L treated sludges increased and biogas production was increased by as much as 82.4%. Biogas production rate also increased, and the average reaction rate coefficient of first-order kinetics was 0.56 ± 0.02/d, which was up to 47.5% higher compared to the untreated samples at the maximum. Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Flavobacteriia, Gammaproteobacteria, and Sphingobacteriia were major microbial classes in all sludges. The interpretation of the microbial community structure indicated that T4L treatment is likely to increase the rate of cell wall digestion.
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Lu Q, Yu Z, Yu S, Liang Z, Li H, Sun L, Wang S. Organic matter rather than salinity as a predominant feature changes performance and microbiome in methanogenic sludge digesters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 377:349-356. [PMID: 31173985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to low digestibility and long retention time of anaerobic sludge digestion, pre-treatment with alkaline/acid has been widely employed to enhance the rate and extent of sludge digestion. Nonetheless, effects of gradient concentrations of alkaline/acid pre-treatments and resulting salinity on digestion performance and sludge microbiome remain poorly understood. To elucidate these effects, both batch- and reactor-experiments were setup with varied feeding sludge. Significant digestion improvement and sludge microbiome changes were observed with alkaline/acid sludge pre-treatment, compared to non-pretreatment controls, e.g., ˜88% increase of carbon removal in sludge digesters. Surprisingly, with the same concentration of influent sludge, no notable change in digestion performance and sludge microbiome was observed in digesters when increasing alkaline/acid concentrations from 0.25 to 0.8 mol/L, and in batch serum bottles with or without NaCl amendment. Consequently, organic compounds dissolved in sludge pre-treatment could be a predominant selective pressure driving the performance and microbiome changes. By contrast, salinity as a consequence of the alkaline/acid pre-treatment could only enrich specific lineages, without altering the overall community profile and function. Together, this study provided insights into specific impacts of major factors on digester performance and sludge microbiome, and shed lights on optimization of sludge digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Environmental Microbiome Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zehui Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Sining Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhiwei Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haocong Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Environmental Microbiome Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lianpeng Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shanquan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Environmental Microbiome Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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35
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Luo J, Zhang Q, Wu L, Feng Q, Fang F, Xue Z, Li C, Cao J. Promoting the anaerobic production of short-chain fatty acids from food wastes driven by the reuse of linear alkylbenzene sulphonates-enriched laundry wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 282:301-309. [PMID: 30875598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An efficient attempt to improve the anaerobic fermentation of food wastes (FW) via the reuse of linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS)-enriched laundry wastewater was reported. The production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from FW was enhanced by approximate 6-folds with high proportions of butyric and valeric acids at appropriate LAS level. Mechanism investigations demonstrated that the solubilization of macromolecule organics in FW was effectively improved by surface tension reduction. The hydrolysis and acidification processes during FW fermentation were accelerated and enhanced with the stimulation of microbial activities (higher activities of hydrolases and ATP concentrations). Also, the abundances of anaerobic microorganisms responsible for SCFAs production were enriched. Metatranscriptomic analysis indicated that the encoding genes involved in the metabolism of fermentation substrates for SCFAs production were highly expressed in LAS-added reactors. It was the simultaneous increase of bioavailable substrates and metabolic activities that contribute to the efficient SCFAs production in LAS-added reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Wanjiang University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243031, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Zhaoxia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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36
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Xiao B, Liu Y, Luo M, Yang T, Guo X, Yi H. Evaluation of the secondary structures of protein in the extracellular polymeric substances extracted from activated sludge by different methods. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 80:128-136. [PMID: 30952330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The changes of protein secondary structures in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from activated sludge by four different methods were studied by analyzing the amide I region (1700-1600 cm-1) of the Fourier transform infrared spectra and model protein test. The results showed the molecular weight distribution of organic matter extracted by centrifugation, heating and cation exchange resin (CER) was similar, while the EPS extracted by centrifugation (Control) and CER had similar fluorescent organic matter. The protein secondary structures of extracted EPS by the four methods were different. The similarities of protein secondary structures between the EPS extracted by CER with the Control were the highest among the four extracted EPS. Although the EPS yield extracted by formaldehyde + NaOH method were the highest, its protein secondary structures had the lowest similarity with those extracted by the Control. Additionally, the effects of centrifugation and CER extraction on the secondary structures of bovine serum albumin were also lower than that of other extraction processes. CER enables the second maximum extraction of EPS and maximum retention of the original secondary structure of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyi Xiao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meng Luo
- Beijing ZEHO Waterfront Ecological Environment Treatment Company, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Tang Yang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuesong Guo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hao Yi
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China.
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37
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Luo J, Zhu Y, Song A, Wang L, Shen C, Gui Z, Zhang Q, Cao J. Efficient short-chain fatty acids recovery from anaerobic fermentation of wine vinasse and waste activated sludge and the underlying mechanisms. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Luo J, Wu L, Chen Y, Feng L, Cao J. Integrated approach to enhance the anaerobic biodegradation of benz[α]anthracene: A high-molecule-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in sludge by simultaneously improving the bioavailability and microbial activity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 365:322-330. [PMID: 30447640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradation of benz[α]anthracene (BaA), which was a high-molecule-weight PAH, was enhanced via a combination of alkaline and alkyl polyglucosides (APG) treatment during waste activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic fermentation. The biodegradation efficiency of BaA was increased from 14.1% in the control to 30.2 and 47.8% in pH 10 and pH 10 & APG reactors, respectively. Mechanism investigations found that the alkaline and APG treatments stimulated the processes of BaA desorption from sludge and transfer/entry into microorganisms, and ultimately improved the BaA bioavailability. Meanwhile, the huge released substrates from WAS not only served as carbon sources but also involved in the electron transfer among microorganisms which contributed to the BaA biodegradation process. Moreover, the microbial activities involved in BaA biodegradation, including the abundances of functional bacteria, activities of enzymes and quantities of genes, were also incremented due to the alkaline and APG treatments. Overall, the simultaneous improvement of BaA bioavailability and microbial activities enhanced its biodegradation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State key laboratory of pollution control and Resources reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Leiyu Feng
- State key laboratory of pollution control and Resources reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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39
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Lin F, Zhu X, Luo Y, Yu P, Liu M. Improvement of activated sludge dewatering properties using green conditioners: chitosan hydrochloride and lysozyme. RSC Adv 2019; 9:6936-6945. [PMID: 35518506 PMCID: PMC9061078 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10349f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of chitosan hydrochloride (CTSCL), lysozyme (LZM) and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) as conditioners on the dewatering performance of activated sludge were comparatively investigated in terms of the capillary suction time (CST), specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and water content after conditioning and subsequent dewatering. CTSCL showed nearly the same capacity to improve the sludge dewaterability as CPAM, with CTSCL and CPAM conditioning resulting in the SRF of sludge decreasing by 95.82% and 96.15%, CST decreasing by 78.22% and 84.88%, and water content of the dewatered sludge decreasing by 10.84% and 8.5%, respectively. However, LZM conditioning exhibited the best improvement in the dewatering extent, which could decrease the water content of dewatered sludge by 19.84%. In addition, the evolution of the physical properties, extracellular polymeric substance content and composition, and the sludge floc morphology were analyzed to explain the sludge conditioning mechanism. Both CTSCL and CPAM could extrude sludge surface bound water into free water, produce sludge flocs with a larger size and more surface pores and finally improve the sludge filterability. In comparison with chemical flocculants, the conditioning mechanism of LZM was distinctly different, which effectively decomposed cell walls, released the internal bound water beneficial for improving the sludge dewatering extent, while the released organic substances clogged the floc surface, and the high proportion of fine particles in the flocs resulted in poorer filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Peiran Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Mengru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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40
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Chen H, Jin R, Liu G, Tian T, Gu C, Zhou J, Xing D. Effects of sludge lysate for Cr(VI) bioreduction and analysis of bioaugmentation mechanism of sludge humic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:5065-5075. [PMID: 30604364 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3917-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of sludge lysate (SL) on the anaerobic bioreduction of Cr(VI) and the role of sludge humic acid (SHA) during this process. The results showed that supplement of SL significantly enhanced the efficiency of Cr(VI) bioreduction by 29.61%, in 12 h compared with that of the control without SL. Moreover, SHA exhibited promoting effects on bioreduction of Cr(VI), and the promotion increased with increasing SHA concentrations from 100 to 300 mg/L. In the presence of 300 mg/L SHA, Cr(VI) (98.21 mg/L) was completely reduced after 24 h with a removal rate increased by 34.3% compared with that of the control without SHA. Further investigation on the bioaugmentation mechanism of SHA by studying the nature of SHA and the reaction mechanism between SHA and Cr(VI) revealed that SHA exhibited a strong adsorption ability, which could adsorb and combine with Cr(VI). The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) by SHA was calculated as 34.4 mg/g with 0.2 g of SHA and 10 mg/L of Cr(VI). It could also act as redox mediators to accelerate the electron transfer between microorganisms and Cr(VI) to promote reduction of Cr(VI). Furthermore, the effects of SL on the microbial community compositions of the anaerobic Cr(VI) bioreduction system were studied. Brachymonas was the primary bacteria at the genus level. The abundance of electroactive bacteria, such as Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Arcobacter, increased in the SL-amended system. These findings expand the versatility of SL and justify wider use of residual activated sludge, which might contribute to the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Drainage Management Office, Tongliao Municipal Commission of Housing Urban-Rural Development, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Ruofei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Guangfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Chen Gu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jiti Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Defeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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Tang VT, Pakshirajan K. Novel advanced porous concrete in constructed wetlands: preparation, characterization and application in urban storm runoff treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 78:2374-2382. [PMID: 30699089 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Common porous concrete templates (CPCT) and advanced porous concrete templates (APCT) were employed in this study to construct wetlands for their applications in pollutant removal from storm runoff. The planting ability of the concrete was investigated by growing Festuca elata plants in them. Strength of the porous concrete (7.21 ± 0.19 Mpa) decreased by 1.8 and 4.9% over a period of six and 12 months, respectively, due to its immersion in lake water. The height and weight of Festuca elata grass growth on the porous concrete were observed to be 12.6-16.9 mm and 63.4-95.4 mg, respectively, after a duration of one month. Advanced porous concrete template based constructed wetland (APCT-CW) showed better removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (49.6%), total suspended solids (TSS) (58.9), NH3-N (52.4%), total nitrogen (TN) (47.7%) and total phosphorus (TP) (45.5%) in storm water, when compared with the common porous concrete template based constructed wetland (CPCT-CW) with 20.6, 29.8, 30.1, 35.4 and 26.9%, respectively. The removal of Pb, Ni, Zn by the CPCT-CW unit were 28.9, 33.3 and 42.3%, respectively, whereas these were 51.1, 62.5 and 53.8%, respectively, with the APCT-CW unit. These results demonstrate that the advanced porous concrete template in constructed wetland could be employed successfully for the removal of pollutants from urban storm water runoff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Tai Tang
- Green Processing, Bioremediation and Alternative Energies Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam E-mail:
| | - Kannan Pakshirajan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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Xiao S, Ju LK. Phagotrophic microalgae production from waste activated sludge under non-sterile conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 145:190-197. [PMID: 30142517 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study waste activated sludge (WAS) was sonicated to release bacteria-sized volatile solids (VS) from flocs, after initial pH adjustment to 10 for higher energy efficiency. The released VS supported growth of phagotrophic alga Ochromonas danica. Initial-rate growth experiments confirmed the Monod-type kinetics but the specific cell growth rate, μ, correlated with the prey-to-predator ratio, i.e., the ratio of (fed VS concentration)-to-(initial O. danica concentration), significantly better than with the VS alone, as the typical Monod dependency on soluble substrates. The best-fit kinetics had the following parameters: μmax = 0.198 h-1 and KM = 1.056 (g-VS/g-algae). Post-sonication reflocculation could render particles too large to ingest by O. danica; therefore, pH and VS effects on reflocculation were investigated. Batch cultivations were then conducted in fermentors at pH 5, under nonsterile conditions. Algae number reached 8.86 × 1010 L-1 after 20 h, corresponding to ∼2.3 g/L dry-weight and volumetric algae productivity of 2.8 g/L-day. VS reduction was 38%, giving an O. danica VS yield of 44.5%. The ultrasonication-algae process can be used to produce algae while achieving at least partial WAS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suo Xiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Lu-Kwang Ju
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA.
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Tan Z, Bo T, Guo F, Cui J, Jia S. Effects of ε-Poly-l-lysine on the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its involved antimicrobial mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:2230-2236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Pre-treatments to enhance the biodegradability of waste activated sludge: Elucidating the rate limiting step. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1434-1469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Liu H, Wang L, Yin B, Fu B, Liu H. Deep exploitation of refractory organics in anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor for volatile fatty acids production from sludge fermentation: Performance and effect of protease catalysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 217:478-485. [PMID: 29631237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production from waste activated sludge fermentation could be improved in anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor (ADMBR) by retaining residual organics within the reactor and prolonging their reaction time. However, the accumulation of refractory organics made it operate unstably. Therefore, protease catalysis was adopted to deeply exploit those refractory organics in sludge. By combining with dynamic membrane retention, protease catalysis indeed presented a good performance. VFAs yield was further enhanced by over 40% in ADMBR. Membrane fouling was slightly relieved due to protein and polysaccharide degradations in the sludge of dynamic membrane. It was also interestingly found that not only protease activity of sludge was improved from 5 to 21 U/ml, but also β-GLC activity was enhanced from 13 to 20 μmoL/L/h. Microbial community analysis showed protease addition could reduce bacterial richness and evenness in sludge, and accelerate the growth of polysaccharides-hydrolyzing bacteria, as well as inhibit some proteolytic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215011, PR China
| | - Ling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bo Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bo Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215011, PR China
| | - He Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215011, PR China.
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Campo G, Cerutti A, Zanetti M, Scibilia G, Lorenzi E, Ruffino B. Enhancement of waste activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic digestion by means of pre- and intermediate treatments. Technical and economic analysis at a full-scale WWTP. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 216:372-382. [PMID: 28526272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is the most commonly applied end-treatment for the excess of waste activated sludge (WAS) generated in biological wastewater treatment processes. The efficacy of different typologies of pre-treatments in liberating intra-cellular organic substances and make them more usable for AD was demonstrated in several studies. However, the production of new extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) that occur during an AD process, due to microbial metabolism, self-protective reactions and cell lysis, partially neutralizes the benefit of pre-treatments. The efficacy of post- and inter-stage treatments is currently under consideration to overcome the problems due to this unavoidable byproduct. This work compares three scenarios in which low-temperature (<100 °C) thermal and hybrid (thermal+alkali) lysis treatments were applied to one sample of WAS and two samples of digestate with hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 7 and 15 days. Batch mesophilic digestibility tests demonstrated that intermediate treatments were effective in making the residual organic substance of a 7-day digestate usable for a second-stage AD process. In fact, under this scenario, the methane generated in a two-stage AD process, with an in-between intermediate treatment, was 23% and 16% higher than that generated in the scenario that considers traditional pre-treatments carried out with 4% NaOH at 70 and 90 °C respectively. Conversely, in no cases (70 or 90 °C) the combination of a 15-day AD process, followed by an intermediate treatment and a second-stage AD process, made possible to obtain specific methane productions (SMPs) higher than those obtained with pre-treatments. The results of the digestibility tests were used for a tecno-economic assessment of pre- and intermediate lysis treatments in a full scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP, 2,000,000 p.e.). It was demonstrated that the introduction of thermal or hybrid pre-treatments could increase the revenues from the electricity sale by between 13% and 25%, in comparison with the present scenario (no lysis treatments). Conversely, intermediate treatments on a 7-day digestate could provide a gain of 26% or 32%, depending on the process temperature (70 or 90 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Campo
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Cerutti
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zanetti
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Gerardo Scibilia
- Società Metropolitana Acque Torino S.p.A., Via Po 2, 10090 Castiglione Torinese, TO, Italy
| | - Eugenio Lorenzi
- Società Metropolitana Acque Torino S.p.A., Via Po 2, 10090 Castiglione Torinese, TO, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruffino
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
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Zhang X, Li R. Variation of antibiotics in sludge pretreatment and anaerobic digestion processes: Degradation and solid-liquid distribution. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 255:266-272. [PMID: 29428781 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Degradation and solid-liquid distribution of antibiotics in three sludge pretreatments (ultrasonic, alkaline and thermal hydrolysis pretreatment) and subsequent anaerobic digestion processes were investigated. The contamination of fluoroquinolones (FQs) was most serious in the raw sludge, while sulfonamides (SAs) were negligible. Obvious solubilization of antibiotics was observed after sludge pretreatments. The intracellular antibiotics were released after thermal hydrolysis pretreatment, meanwhile tetracyclines (TCs) were thermally decomposed. Compared to TCs and macrolides (MLs), FQs were hardly degraded in anaerobic digestion with removal efficiencies lower than 42.02%, and the residual FQs were mostly adsorbed on the digested sludge. The limiting step for FQs reduction was the biodegradation, rather than desorption of adsorbed antibiotics. Addition of pretreatments had no obvious effect on the degradation and distribution of antibiotics in the anaerobic digested sludge, except that the thermal hydrolysis enhanced the migration of antibiotics to the liquid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Ruying Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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State of the art on granular sludge by using bibliometric analysis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3453-3473. [PMID: 29497798 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With rapid industrialization and urbanization in the nineteenth century, the activated sludge process (ASP) has experienced significant steps forward in the face of greater awareness of and sensitivity toward water-related environmental problems. Compared with conventional flocculent ASP, the major advantages of granular sludge are characterized by space saving and resource recovery, where the methane and hydrogen recovery in anaerobic granular and 50% more space saving, 30-50% of energy consumption reduction, 75% of footprint cutting, and even alginate recovery in aerobic granular. Numerous engineers and scientists have made great efforts to explore the superiority over the last 40 years. Therefore, a bibliometric analysis was desired to trace the global trends of granular sludge research from 1992 to 2016 indexed in the SCI-EXPANDED. Articles were published in 276 journals across 44 subject categories spanning 1420 institutes across 68 countries. Bioresource Technology (293, 11.9%), Water Research (235, 9.6%), and Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (127, 5.2%) dominated in top three journals. The Engineering (991, 40.3%), China (906, 36.9%), and Harbin Inst Technol, China (114, 4.6%) were the most productive subject category, country, and institution, respectively. The hotspot is the emerging techniques depended on granular reactors in response to the desired removal requirements and bio-energy production (primarily in anaerobic granular sludge). In view of advanced and novel bio-analytical methods, the characteristics, functions, and mechanisms for microbial granular were further revealed in improving and innovating the granulation techniques. Therefore, a promising technique armed with strengthened treatment efficiency and efficient resource and bio-energy recovery can be achieved.
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Xu DC, Zhong CQ, Yin KH, Peng SH, Zhu TT, Cheng G. Alkaline solubilization of excess mixed sludge and the recovery of released phosphorus as magnesium ammonium phosphate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 249:783-790. [PMID: 29136933 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The alkaline solubilization of excess mixed sludge was investigated and subsequently the released phosphorus was recovered as magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP). Considerable and rapid release of glycogen and protein was encountered after alkaline addition into the sludge. Only 45.0% of sludge cells were destructed after 240 min treatment in R1 while the corresponding ratio was 96.1% in R3 according to the release of DNA. Non-apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) in the alkaline treated sludge decreased due to the dissolution of Al(OH)3 and AlPO4, which was the dominant reason for phosphorus release. Soluble orthophosphate (SOP) in the supernatant of alkaline treated sludge could be recovered quickly with the recovery efficiency of 84.6% within 5 min and about 53-55% of P participated in MAP reaction, producing large amounts of acicular crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Chao Xu
- Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen 518001, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Management and Technology, Shenzhen 518001, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Detection & Control in Water Environment, Shenzhen 518001, China.
| | - Cong-Qiang Zhong
- Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen 518001, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Management and Technology, Shenzhen 518001, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Detection & Control in Water Environment, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Kui-Hao Yin
- Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen 518001, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Management and Technology, Shenzhen 518001, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Detection & Control in Water Environment, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Sheng-Hua Peng
- Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen 518001, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Management and Technology, Shenzhen 518001, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Detection & Control in Water Environment, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhu
- Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen 518001, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Management and Technology, Shenzhen 518001, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Detection & Control in Water Environment, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen 518001, China
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Significances of deflocculated sludge flocs as well as extracellular polymeric substances in influencing the compression dewatering of chemically acidified sludge. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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