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Zeng M, van Pijkeren JP, Pan X. Gluco-oligosaccharides as potential prebiotics: Synthesis, purification, structural characterization, and evaluation of prebiotic effect. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:2611-2651. [PMID: 37073416 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Prebiotics have long been used to modulate the gut microbiota and improve host health. Most established prebiotics are nondigestible carbohydrates, especially short-chain oligosaccharides. Recently, gluco-oligosaccharides (GlcOS) with 2-10 glucose residues and one or more O-glycosidic linkage(s) have been found to exert prebiotic potentials (not fully established prebiotics) because of their selective fermentation by beneficial gut bacteria. However, the prebiotic effects (non-digestibility, selective fermentability, and potential health effects) of GlcOS are highly variable due to their complex structure originating from different synthesis processes. The relationship between GlcOS structure and their potential prebiotic effects has not been fully understood. To date, a comprehensive summary of the knowledge of GlcOS is still missing. Therefore, this review provides an overview of GlcOS as potential prebiotics, covering their synthesis, purification, structural characterization, and prebiotic effect evaluation. First, GlcOS with different structures are introduced. Then, the enzymatic and chemical processes for GlcOS synthesis are critically reviewed, including reaction mechanisms, substrates, catalysts, the structures of resultant GlcOS, and the synthetic performance (yield and selectivity). Industrial separation techniques for GlcOS purification and structural characterization methods are discussed in detail. Finally, in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the non-digestibility, selective fermentability, and associated health effects of different GlcOS are extensively reviewed with a special focus on the GlcOS structure-function relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Zeng
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Xuejun Pan
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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2
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Sun X, Zhou Z, Tian D, Zhao J, Zhang J, Deng P, Zou H, Lu C. Acidic deep eutectic solvent assisted mechanochemical delignification of lignocellulosic biomass at room temperature. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123593. [PMID: 36773862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant natural polymer on Earth, but the efficient fractionation and refinery of all its components remain challenging. Acidic deep eutectic solvents refining is a promising method, while it is likely to cause lignin condensation and carbohydrates degradation, especially at server operation conditions. Here we propose the use of acidic deep eutectic solvent (DES), choline chloride/p-toluenesulfonic acid assisted mechanochemical pretreatment (DM) for efficient lignocellulose fractionation at mild condition. Four representative lignocellulose, wheat straw, moso bamboo, poplar wood and pine wood were selected at varied milling time (3, 6 h) to assess the fractionation ability of this strategy. This DM pretreatment demonstrated a rather high cellulose retentions (∼90 %) and extent of delignification for wheat straw and bamboo biomass, which corresponds to a high extent of enzymatic hydrolysis (∼75.5 %) for sugar platform pursuing. The extracted lignin showed rather high content of β-O-4' leakages due to the swelling effect of deep eutectic solvent and mild operation conditions. This work provided a promising strategy to fractionate lignocellulose using deep eutectic solvents with the goal of simultaneous cellulose hydrolysis and reactive lignin obtaining that is usually difficult to realize using traditional chemical fractionation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Zehang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Dong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Jiangqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Huawei Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| | - Canhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; Advanced Polymer Materials Research Center of Sichuan University, Shishi 362700, PR China.
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3
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Yan T, Xu Y. Co-fermentation Approach of Fructose and Glucose to Ethanol from Chinese Elaeagnus angustifolia Fruit (EAF). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:1770-1780. [PMID: 36385368 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04213-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The soluble and fermentable carbohydrate contents was detected over 47% of glucose and fructose in Chinese Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit powder (EAF), being over 47 wt% sugar content more than that of grape. Ethanol was therefore fermented directly from EAF, and different submerged fermentation modes were comparatively employed to optimize ethanol harvest. The results indicated that glucose has certain competitive inhibition on fructose bio-utilization, as well as the EAF solid residue involved fermentation mode also hindered the fermented-ethanol titer. Pectinase addition and in situ hydrolysis seemed to assist somewhat the fermentation. The water-solute fermentation mode is preferable, and glucose and fructose components were completely consumed and converted to 80.96 g/L ethanol at 87.6% ethanol yield even under tannin and pectin inhibition. The fermentation result could provide some experimental data and an approach to not only new biomass resource explores of bioethanol and alcohol beverage production, but also the technological development on valorization commercials of EAF in global draught areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Yan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-Based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-Based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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4
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A two-stage heating process with low energy consumption for treatment of preliminary desalinated impregnation effluent to produce xylose. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Jiang K, Fu X, Huang R, Fan X, Ji L, Cai D, Liu X, Fu Y, Sun A, Feng C. Production of Prebiotic Xylooligosaccharides via Dilute Maleic Acid-Mediated Xylan Hydrolysis Using an RSM-Model-Based Optimization Strategy. Front Nutr 2022; 9:909283. [PMID: 35619949 PMCID: PMC9127663 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.909283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are functional feed additives that are attracting growing commercial interest owing to their excellent ability to modulate the composition of the gut microbiota. The acid hydrolysis-based processing of xylan-containing materials has been proposed to represent a cost-effective approach to XOS preparation, with organic acids being preferable in this context. As such, in the present study, maleic acid was selected as a mild, edible organic acid for use in the hydrolysis of xylan to produce XOS. A response surface methodology (RSM) approach with a central composite design was employed to optimize maleic acid-mediated XOS production, resulting in a yield of 50.3% following a 15 min treatment with 0.08% maleic acid at 168°C. Under these conditions, the desired XOS degree of polymerization (2-3) was successfully achieved, demonstrating the viability of this using a low acid dose and a high reaction temperature to expedite the production of desired functional products. Moreover, as maleic acid is a relatively stable carboxylic acid, it has the potential to be recycled. These results suggest that dilute maleic acid-based thermal treatment of corncob-derived xylan can achieve satisfactory XOS yields, highlighting a promising and cost-effective approach to XOS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kankan Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoliang Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingli Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Damin Cai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixiu Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenzhuo Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Kessler M, Rinaldi R. Kinetic Energy Dose as a Unified Metric for Comparing Ball Mills in the Mechanocatalytic Depolymerization of Lignocellulose. Front Chem 2022; 9:816553. [PMID: 35047484 PMCID: PMC8762196 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.816553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemistry utilizes mechanical forces to activate chemical bonds. It offers environmentally benign routes for both (bio) organic and inorganic syntheses. However, direct comparison of mechanochemistry results is often very challenging. In mechanochemical synthetic protocols, ball mill setup (mechanical design and grinding vessel geometry) in addition to experimental parameters (milling frequency, duration, ball count and size) vary broadly. This fact poses a severe issue to further progress in this exciting research area because ball mill setup and experimental parameters govern how much kinetic energy is transferred to a chemical reaction. In this work, we address the challenge of comparing mechanochemical reaction results by taking the energy dose provided by ball mills as a unified metric into account. In this quest, we applied kinematic modeling to two ball mills functioning under distinct working principles to express the energy dose as a mathematical function of the experimental parameters. By examining the effect of energy dose on the extent of the mechanocatalytic depolymerization (MCD) of lignocellulosic biomass (beechwood), we found linear correlations between yield of water-soluble products (WSP) and energy dose for both ball mills. Interestingly, when a substrate layer is formed on the grinding jar wall and/or grinding medium, a weak non-linear correlation between water-soluble products yield and energy dose is identified. We demonstrate that the chemical reaction’s best utilization of kinetic energy is achieved in the linear regime, which presents improved WSP yields for given energy doses. In the broader context, the current analysis outlines the usefulness of the energy dose as a unified metric in mechanochemistry to further the understanding of reaction results obtained from different ball mills operating under varied experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kessler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Rinaldi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Haris M, Hamid Y, Wang L, Wang M, Yashir N, Su F, Saleem A, Guo J, Li Y. Cd diminution through microbial mediated degraded lignocellulose maize straw: Batch adsorption and bioavailability trails. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:114042. [PMID: 34872180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulose degraded maize straw (LMS) was prepared with the interaction of soil-indigenous microorganisms and further deployed to attenuate the Cd contamination in polluted soil. The Lignocellulose degrading ratio was determined and results revealed the significant degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin by 33.03, 26.7 and 15.97% respectively as compared to pristine maize straw (PS). Moreover, LMS was also categorized through FE-SEM, FTIR, BET analysis, elemental analysis and XPS technique and the analytical results indicated that lignocellulose structure in maize straw was successfully degraded and was involved in metal-ion complexation. Batch sorption trials revealed that Cd2+ sorption onto LMS was explained well by Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The LMS showed maximum adsorption capacities (9.84 mg g-1) for Cd2+ as compared to PS (3.30 mg g-1). Moreover, the soil incubation trials (60 days) depicted the availability of Cd decreased by 11.03 and 34.7% with PS and LMS application respectively. The addition of LMS significantly decreased the exchangeable fractions of Cd and ensued an increase in organic matter and Fe-Mn oxides bound fractions. This work clarified the LMS as a promising amendment for effective remediation of Cd-contaminated matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haris
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environ. Remediation and Ecol. Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Nauman Yashir
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Fang Su
- School of Economics and Management, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Atif Saleem
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), & Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - JunKang Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China.
| | - Yongtao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
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8
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Liu Z, Shi E, Ma F, Jiang K. An integrated biorefinery process for co-production of xylose and glucose using maleic acid as efficient catalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 325:124698. [PMID: 33465645 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to valorize wheat straw for xylose and glucose recovery using maleic acid in the pretreatment. The process conditions of maleic acid hydrolysis of wheat straw for xylose recovery were optimized by response surface methodology, through which the maximum xylose recovery of 77.12% versus minimum furfural yield of 1.61% were achieved using 70 g/L solid-to-liquid ratio and 0.1 mol/L maleic acid for 40 min at 150 °C. Moreover, 88.58% cellulose conversion was achieved by enzymatic hydrolysis of maleic acid-pretreated wheat straw. Results showed that maleic acid was an effective pretreatment solvent for sugars recovery: 19.88 g xylose and 30.89 g glucose were respectively obtained from 100 g wheat straw due to acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis, with only 0.37 g furfural produced. This study provides a strategy for hydrolyzing wheat straw to produce fermentable sugars with low amount of degradation product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Enze Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Kankan Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Satari B, Jaiswal AK. Green fractionation of 2G and 3G feedstocks for ethanol production: advances, incentives and barriers. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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10
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Shi Y, Du X, Jin M, Wu S, Wang L, Qiao N, Yu D. A two-step process for pre-hydrolysis of hemicellulose in pulp-impregnated effluent with high alkali concentration to improve xylose production. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123573. [PMID: 32738785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The viscose fiber production process is accompanied by the accumulation of pulp-impregnated effluent (PIE), including hemicellulose and large amounts of alkali, and discharge of PIE will cause environment pollution. This paper aims to relieve the inhibition of high concentration of alkali on xylose production from hydrolysis of hemicellulose in PIE. Based on the fact that solid acid uses H+ at the acid sites to exchange with cations in PIE and can be recycled, a two-step method including an extra pretreatment process before pre-hydrolysis (SPP) is proposed. After the alkali was removed by the H+ dissociated from solid acid in the extra pretreatment process, the pH of PIE dropped from 14 to 4, and the content of Na+ and proteins was reduced by 99.13 % and 78.51 %, respectively. After SPP, the polymerization degree of the hemicellulose decreased by 73.4 %, and the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis process was promoted. Finally, the xylose yield of SPP followed by enzymatic hydrolysis reached 57.15 g/L, which was 145.38 % more than that of enzymatic hydrolysis alone. The load of a downstream ion purification procedure was relieved compared to that of inorganic acid hydrolysis. The development of SPP contributes to the resource utilization of high alkali concentration wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfen Shi
- Sci-Tech Center for Clean Conversion and High-valued Utilization of Biomass, Jilin Province, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Xinhong Du
- Sci-Tech Center for Clean Conversion and High-valued Utilization of Biomass, Jilin Province, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Meitong Jin
- Sci-Tech Center for Clean Conversion and High-valued Utilization of Biomass, Jilin Province, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Song Wu
- Sci-Tech Center for Clean Conversion and High-valued Utilization of Biomass, Jilin Province, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Sci-Tech Center for Clean Conversion and High-valued Utilization of Biomass, Jilin Province, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Nan Qiao
- Sci-Tech Center for Clean Conversion and High-valued Utilization of Biomass, Jilin Province, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Dayu Yu
- Sci-Tech Center for Clean Conversion and High-valued Utilization of Biomass, Jilin Province, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China.
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11
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Solvent-Free Approaches in Carbohydrate Synthetic Chemistry: Role of Catalysis in Reactivity and Selectivity. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their abundance in biomass and availability at a low cost, carbohydrates are very useful precursors for products of interest in a broad range of scientific applications. For example, they can be either converted into basic chemicals or used as chiral precursors for the synthesis of potentially bioactive molecules, even including nonsaccharide targets; in addition, there is also a broad interest toward the potential of synthetic sugar-containing structures in the field of functional materials. Synthetic elaboration of carbohydrates, in both the selective modification of functional groups and the assembly of oligomeric structures, is not trivial and often entails experimentally demanding approaches practiced by specialized groups. Over the last years, a large number of solvent-free synthetic methods have appeared in the literature, often being endowed with several advantages such as greenness, experimental simplicity, and a larger scope than analogous reactions in solution. Most of these methods are catalytically promoted, and the catalyst often plays a key role in the selectivity associated with the process. This review aims to describe the significant recent contributions in the solvent-free synthetic chemistry of carbohydrates, devoting a special critical focus on both the mechanistic role of the catalysts employed and the differences evidenced so far with corresponding methods in solution.
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Liu H, Chen X, Ji G, Yu H, Gao C, Han L, Xiao W. Mechanochemical deconstruction of lignocellulosic cell wall polymers with ball-milling. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 286:121364. [PMID: 31026715 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the deconstruction mechanism of corn stover cell wall polymers during ball milling was evaluated. The characterization showed that ball milling not only brought about the dissociation of the cross-linked cellulose-hemicellulose-lignin complex but also led to the depolymerization of the cell-wall polymers especially the carbohydrates. Micromorphology characterization revealed that mechanical treatment disrupted the orderly fibrillar matrices with a porous structure. The breakage of β-1,4 glycosidic bonds in cellulose and the decomposition of arabinoxylans indicated the modification in polysaccharide chains. The degradation of lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) linkages and the cleavage of β-O-4' linkages in lignin approved the partial degradation of lignin. In conclusion, mechanochemistry is an efficient force to make the polymers in plant fibers more digestible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Biomass and Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xueli Chen
- Biomass and Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guanya Ji
- Biomass and Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Biomass and Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chongfeng Gao
- Biomass and Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lujia Han
- Biomass and Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Biomass and Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China.
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13
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Fractionation of Lignocellulosic Biomass by Selective Precipitation from Ionic Liquid Dissolution. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9091862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We propose the treatment of barley straw with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [EMIMAcO] ionic liquids (ILs) and subsequent precipitation with antisolvent mixtures, thus allowing the separation of the sugar-rich fractions (cellulose and hemicellulose) from the lignin fraction. For this purpose, different concentration ranges of acetone:water antisolvent mixtures were studied. In all cases, a high recovery percentage and a high and effective separation of fractions was achieved for 1:1 acetone:water. The fractionated lignocellulosic compounds were studied by using infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance characterization techniques. This method allows the possibility of reusing IL, confirming the versatility of the established method. The fraction rich in cellulose and hemicellulose was subjected to acid hydrolysis (0.2 mol/L H2SO4) for 5 h at 140 °C, obtaining a yield of total reducing sugars of approximately 80%, much higher than those obtained in non-pretreated samples.
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14
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Xing H, Yaylayan VA. Mechanochemical depolymerization of inulin. Carbohydr Res 2018; 460:14-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Kessler M, Woodward RT, Wong N, Rinaldi R. Kinematic Modeling of Mechanocatalytic Depolymerization of α-Cellulose and Beechwood. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:552-561. [PMID: 29205915 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201702060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanocatalytic depolymerization of lignocellulose presents a promising method for the solid-state transformation of acidified raw biomass into water-soluble products (WSPs). However, the mechanisms underlining the utilization of mechanical forces in the depolymerization are poorly understood. A kinematic model of the milling process is applied to assess the energy dose transferred to cellulose during its mechanocatalytic depolymerization under varied conditions (rotational speed, milling time, ball size, and substrate loading). The data set is compared to the apparent energy dose calculated from the kinematic model and reveals key features of the mechanocatalytic process. At low energy doses, a rapid rise in the WSP yield associated with the apparent energy dose is observed. However, at a higher energy dose obtained by extended milling duration or high milling speeds, the formation of a substrate cake layer on the mill vials appear to buffer the mechanical forces, preventing full cellulose conversion into WSPs. By contrast, for beechwood, there exists a good linear dependence between the WSP yield and the energy dose provided to the substrate over the entire range of WSP yields. As the formation of a substrate cake in depolymerization of beechwood is less severe than that for the cellulose experiments, the current results verify the hypothesis regarding the negative effect of a substrate layer formed on the mill vials upon the depolymerization process. Overall, the current findings provide valuable insight into relationships between the energy dose and the extent of cellulose depolymerization effected by the mechanocatalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kessler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Robert T Woodward
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Narumi Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Roberto Rinaldi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
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Schneider L, Haverinen J, Jaakkola M, Lassi U. Effective saccharification of lignocellulosic barley straw by mechanocatalytical pretreatment using potassium pyrosulfate as a catalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 234:1-7. [PMID: 28315599 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass is attractive due to the feasible generation of valuable products such as reducing sugars which constitute the basic substrates for chemical and transportation fuel production, as well as the production of renewable hydrogen. This study shows the efficient conversion of lignocellulose, especially hemicellulose, into reducing sugars such as xylose and galactose, by mechanocatalysis using potassium pyrosulfate, K2S2O7, as an effective salt catalyst. Ball milling was performed, introducing a mechanical force which, combined with chemical pretreatment, leads to reducing sugar yields (40%) almost as high as when commonly used sulfuric acid was employed. Kinetic experiments as well as the optimization of the saccharification process are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schneider
- University of Oulu, Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland; University of Jyvaskyla, Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius, FI-67100 Kokkola, Finland
| | - Jasmiina Haverinen
- University of Oulu, Kajaani University Consortium, CEMIS-Oulu, FI-87400 Kajaani, Finland
| | - Mari Jaakkola
- University of Oulu, Kajaani University Consortium, CEMIS-Oulu, FI-87400 Kajaani, Finland
| | - Ulla Lassi
- University of Oulu, Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland; University of Jyvaskyla, Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius, FI-67100 Kokkola, Finland.
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Li W, Liu Q, Ma Q, Zhang T, Ma L, Jameel H, Chang HM. A two-stage pretreatment process using dilute hydrochloric acid followed by Fenton oxidation to improve sugar recovery from corn stover. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 219:753-756. [PMID: 27543312 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A two-stage pretreatment process is proposed in this research in order to improve sugar recovery from corn stover. In the proposed process, corn stover is hydrolyzed by dilute hydrochloric acid to recover xylose, which is followed by a Fenton reagent oxidation to remove lignin. 0.7wt% dilute hydrochloric acid is applied in the first stage pretreatment at 120°C for 40min, resulting in 81.0% xylose removal. Fenton reagent oxidation (1g/L FeSO4·7H2O and 30g/L H2O2) is performed at room temperature (about 20°C) for 12 has a second stage which resulted in 32.9% lignin removal. The glucose yield in the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis was 71.3% with a very low cellulase dosage (3FPU/g). This two-stage pretreatment is effective due to the hydrolysis of hemicelluloses in the first stage and the removal of lignin in the second stage, resulting in a very high sugar recovery with a low enzyme loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Li
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Qiyu Liu
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
| | - Qiaozhi Ma
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Longlong Ma
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Hasan Jameel
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA
| | - Hou-Min Chang
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA
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