1
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Wang B, Hou L, Yang M, Jin L, Liu H, Wang X. An Evaluation of the Physicochemical Properties of Sesame Paste Produced by Ball Milling Compared against Conventional Colloid Milling. J Oleo Sci 2024; 73:645-655. [PMID: 38583981 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The physicochemical characteristics and general food quality were greatly impacted by milling. In order to investigate the effect of milling technique for physicochemical properties of sesame paste of sesame paste, samples were prepared using ball mill and colloid mill by varying grinding times. The samples prepared by ball milling had the higher moisture contents (0.07% - 0.14%) than colloid milling (p < 0.05), except for colloid milling for one cycle (0.11%). The particle size curves showed the multimodal distributions. Compared to colloid milled samples, ball milled samples have smaller particle sizes and more uniform particle distribution. The L* values of samples prepared by ball milling were higher than colloid milling. The ball mill produced sesame paste with a wider range of hardness and silkier texture, and the samples made by ball milling for 30 min had the highest hardness. And the hardness of both CMS and BMS showed a decreasing trend with increasing grinding time. During ball milling, high-speed cutting and collision caused breakage of disulfide bonds, and the sesame proteins were decomposed to their subunits. In conclusions, ball milling may be an alternative and promising process for the preparation of sesame paste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingkai Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology
| | - Lixia Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology
| | - Lei Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology
| | - Huamin Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology
| | - Xuede Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology
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2
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Szlezynger M, Toboła D, Morgiel J. Deposition of NiAl/Al 3Ni 2(CrB 2) Coatings from Ni, Al and CrB 2 Powders Using Mechanical Synthesis in Planetary Ball Mill. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:492. [PMID: 38276431 PMCID: PMC10820901 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Interest in composite thick coatings with an intermetallic matrix stimulates the development of new deposition techniques like the co-milling of pre-alloyed NiAl powder with platelet-shaped substrates. Obtained coatings were up to several micrometers thick as cold-welding of intermetallic particles was effective only at the start of this process, while later, chipping prevailed over added material. The present experiment covered the co-milling in the planetary ball mill of Ni and Al elemental powders (1:1 molar ratio) with AISI 304 steel platelets for 32 h at 300 rpm. Next, this process was repeated with an admixture of 15 wt.% of CrB2 powder. In both cases, their milling succeeded in producing up to a 200 μm coating after 4 h. The use of light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (LM/SEM/TEM) helped to establish that the coatings had gradient microstructures with more refined crystallites of NiAl, Al3Ni2 and CrB2 closer to the surface. With the addition of a ceramic phase, the coatings presented higher hardness and lower friction during dry wear tests both at RT and at 500 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Szlezynger
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25 Str., 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Daniel Toboła
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Krakow Institute of Technology, Zakopianska 73 Str., 30-418 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Morgiel
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25 Str., 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
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3
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Chang Y, Blanton SJ, Andraos R, Nguyen VS, Liotta CL, Schork FJ, Sievers C. Kinetic Phenomena in Mechanochemical Depolymerization of Poly(styrene). ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2024; 12:178-191. [PMID: 38213546 PMCID: PMC10777454 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c05296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic polyolefinic plastics comprise one of the largest shares of global plastic waste, which is being targeted for chemical recycling by depolymerization to monomers and small molecules. One promising method of chemical recycling is solid-state depolymerization under ambient conditions in a ball-mill reactor. In this paper, we elucidate kinetic phenomena in the mechanochemical depolymerization of poly(styrene). Styrene is produced in this process at a constant rate and selectivity alongside minor products, including oxygenates like benzaldehyde, via mechanisms analogous to those involved in thermal and oxidative pyrolysis. Continuous monomer removal during reactor operation is critical for avoiding repolymerization, and promoting effects are exhibited by iron surfaces and molecular oxygen. Kinetic independence between depolymerization and molecular weight reduction was observed, despite both processes originating from the same driving force of mechanochemical collisions. Phenomena across multiple length scales are shown to be responsible for differences in reactivity due to differences in grinding parameters and reactant composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Chang
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Sylvie J. Blanton
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ralph Andraos
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Van Son Nguyen
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Charles L. Liotta
- School
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - F. Joseph Schork
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Carsten Sievers
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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4
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Jicsinszky L, Bucciol F, Chaji S, Cravotto G. Mechanochemical Degradation of Biopolymers. Molecules 2023; 28:8031. [PMID: 38138521 PMCID: PMC10745761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemical treatment of various organic molecules is an emerging technology of green processes in biofuel, fine chemicals, or food production. Many biopolymers are involved in isolating, derivating, or modifying molecules of natural origin. Mechanochemistry provides a powerful tool to achieve these goals, but the unintentional modification of biopolymers by mechanochemical manipulation is not always obvious or even detectable. Although modeling molecular changes caused by mechanical stresses in cavitation and grinding processes is feasible in small model compounds, simulation of extrusion processes primarily relies on phenomenological approaches that allow only tool- and material-specific conclusions. The development of analytical and computational techniques allows for the inline and real-time control of parameters in various mechanochemical processes. Using artificial intelligence to analyze process parameters and product characteristics can significantly improve production optimization. We aim to review the processes and consequences of possible chemical, physicochemical, and structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Jicsinszky
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | | | | | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.)
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5
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Liu Y, Liu FZ, Li S, Liu H, Yan K. Biasing the Formation of Solution-Unstable Intermediates in Coordination Self-Assembly by Mechanochemistry. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302563. [PMID: 37670119 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the reversible nature of coordination bonds and solvation effect, coordination self-assembly pathways are often difficult to elucidate experimentally in solution, as intermediates and products are in constant equilibration. The present study shows that some of these transient and high-energy self-assembly intermediates can be accessed by means of ball-milling approaches. Among them, highly aqueous-unstable Pd3 L11 and Pd6 L14 open-cage intermediates of the framed Fujita Pd6 L14 cage and Pd2 L22 , Pd3 L21 and Pd4 L22 intermediates of Mukherjee Pd6 L24 capsule are successfully trapped in solid-state, where Pd=tmedaPd2+ , L1=2,4,6-tris(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine and L2=1,3,5-tris(1-imidazolyl)benzene). Their structures are assigned by a combination of solution-based characterization tools such as standard NMR spectroscopy, DOSY NMR, ESI-MS and X-ray diffraction. Collectively, these results highlight the opportunity of using mechanochemistry to access unique chemical space with vastly different reactivity compared to conventional solution-based supramolecular self-assembly reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Fang-Zi Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Shi Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Hua Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - KaKing Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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6
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Teker Ercan EE, Cwirzen A, Habermehl-Cwirzen K. The Effects of Partial Replacement of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag by Ground Wood Ash on Alkali-Activated Binder Systems. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5347. [PMID: 37570053 PMCID: PMC10420301 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cement production contributes significantly to carbon dioxide emissions. Alkali-activated materials offer an environmentally friendly alternative due to their comparable strength, durability and low-carbon emissions while utilizing wastes and industrial by-products. Wood ash is a waste material that shows promising results as a partial replacement for Portland cement and precursors in alkali-activated systems. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ground wood ash on the mechanical properties of alkali-activated mortars. Wood ash was incorporated as a 0 wt%, 10 wt% and 20 wt% partial replacement for ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). The wood ashes were ground in a planetary ball mill for 10 and 20 min. Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were used as alkali activators. The results demonstrated that ground wood ash improved the mechanical properties of alkali-activated systems compared to untreated wood ash. However, the incorporation of wood ash increased the porosity of the binder matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Ezgi Teker Ercan
- Building Materials, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden; (A.C.); (K.H.-C.)
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7
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Choi JC, Kang JH, Kim DW, Park CW. Preparation and Evaluation of Inhalable Amifostine Microparticles Using Wet Ball Milling. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1696. [PMID: 37376145 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional dosage form of Ethyol® (amifostine), a sterile lyophilized powder, involves reconstituting it with 9.7 mL of sterile 0.9% sodium chloride in accordance with the United States Pharmacopeia specifications for intravenous infusion. The purpose of this study was to develop inhalable microparticles of amifostine (AMF) and compare the physicochemical properties and inhalation efficiency of AMF microparticles prepared by different methods (jet milling and wet ball milling) and different solvents (methanol, ethanol, chloroform, and toluene). Inhalable microparticles of AMF dry powder were prepared using a wet ball-milling process with polar and non-polar solvents to improve their efficacy when delivered through the pulmonary route. The wet ball-milling process was performed as follows: AMF (10 g), zirconia balls (50 g), and solvent (20 mL) were mixed and placed in a cylindrical stainless-steel jar. Wet ball milling was performed at 400 rpm for 15 min. The physicochemical properties and aerodynamic characteristics of the prepared samples were evaluated. The physicochemical properties of wet-ball-milled microparticles (WBM-M and WBM-E) using polar solvents were confirmed. Aerodynamic characterization was not used to measure the % fine particle fraction (% FPF) value in the raw AMF. The % FPF value of JM was 26.9 ± 5.8%. The % FPF values of the wet-ball-milled microparticles WBM-M and WBM-E prepared using polar solvents were 34.5 ± 0.2% and 27.9 ± 0.7%, respectively; while the % FPF values of the wet-ball-milled microparticles WBM-C and WBM-T prepared using non-polar solvents were 45.5 ± 0.6% and 44.7 ± 0.3%, respectively. Using a non-polar solvent in the wet ball-milling process resulted in a more homogeneous and stable crystal form of the fine AMF powder than using a polar solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Cheol Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Woong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
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8
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Mori T, Murakami K, Yabe M. Investigation of the direct utilization possibility of methane fermentation residue sludge as liquid fertilizer by micronization. Environ Technol 2023; 44:2054-2064. [PMID: 34927556 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.2020908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
For establishing a sustainable society, it is crucial to reuse the organic waste as a material resource. Therefore, herein, we aim to pulverize the methane fermentation residue sludge by ball milling and high-speed agitation to directly utilize it as a liquid fertilizer. The solid particles in the sludge can be below 100 µm, corresponding to the nozzle diameter of the boom sprayer by both ball milling and high-speed agitation; when ball milling was carried out for at least 1 h, the ratio of coarse particles larger than 100 µm decreased by less than 10%. In addition, the phosphate-ion concentration in the sludge increased with a decrease in the particle size of solid in the sludge mainly due to increase in its specific surface area. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of various experimental conditions for ball milling on the pulverization efficiency. Results suggests that for grinding the soft solid particles in the sludge by ball milling, the volume ratio of the total medium balls and sludge, total volumes of the balls and sludge, and inner pot volume should be larger, while the ratio of the rotation speed to the critical rotation speed should be almost the same as those reported previously in the reports on grinding of inorganic particles to attain an effective pulverization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Mori
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Koganei, Japan
| | - Kotaro Murakami
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Koganei, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Yabe
- Department of Agriculture and Resource Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu university, Fukuoka, Japan
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9
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Jicsinszky L, Rossi F, Solarino R, Cravotto G. Comparison of the Conventional and Mechanochemical Syntheses of Cyclodextrin Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28. [PMID: 36677527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Many scientists are working hard to find green alternatives to classical synthetic methods. Today, state-of-the-art ultrasonic and grinding techniques already drive the production of organic compounds on an industrial scale. The physicochemical and chemical behavior of cyclodextrins often differs from the typical properties of classic organic compounds and carbohydrates. The usually poor solubility and complexing properties of cyclodextrins can require special techniques. By eliminating or reducing the amount of solvent needed, green alternatives can reform classical synthetic methods, making them attractive for environmentally friendly production and the circular economy. The lack of energy-intensive synthetic and purification steps could transform currently inefficient processes into feasible methods. Mechanochemical reaction mechanisms are generally different from normal solution-chemistry mechanisms. The absence of a solvent and the presence of very high local temperatures for microseconds facilitate the synthesis of cyclodextrin derivatives that are impossible or difficult to produce under classical solution-chemistry conditions. Although mechanochemistry does not provide a general solution to all problems, several good examples show that this new technology can open up efficient synthetic pathways.
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10
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Remy-Speckmann I, Zimmermann BM, Gorai M, Lerch M, Teichert JF. Mechanochemical solid state synthesis of copper(I)/NHC complexes with K 3PO 4. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:440-447. [PMID: 37091734 PMCID: PMC10113518 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A protocol for the mechanochemical synthesis of copper(I)/N-heterocyclic carbene complexes using cheap and readily available K3PO4 as base has been developed. This method employing a ball mill is amenable to typical simple copper(I)/NHC complexes but also to a sophisticated copper(I)/N-heterocyclic carbene complex bearing a guanidine moiety. In this way, the present approach circumvents commonly employed silver(I) complexes which are associated with significant and undesired waste formation and the excessive use of solvents. The resulting bifunctional catalyst has been shown to be active in a variety of reduction/hydrogenation transformations employing dihydrogen as terminal reducing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Remy-Speckmann
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Birte M Zimmermann
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mahadeb Gorai
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Martin Lerch
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes F Teichert
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
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11
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Yu S, Wu Y, Li Z, Wang C, Zhang D, Wang L. Effect of different milling methods on physicochemical and functional properties of mung bean flour. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1117385. [PMID: 36908915 PMCID: PMC9998992 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1117385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There needs to be more information concerning the effect of different milling methods on the physicochemical properties of whole-grain mung bean flour. Therefore, the physicochemical properties of whole grain mung bean flour were analyzed using universal grinders (UGMB), ball mills (BMMB), and vibration mills (VMMB). The results showed that the particle size of the sample after ultrafine grinding treatment was significantly reduced to 21.34 μm (BMMB) and 26.55 μm (VMMB), and the specific surface area was increased. The particle distribution was uniform to a greater extent, and the color was white after treatment. Moreover, the water holding capacity (WHC), oil holding capacity (OHC), and swelling power (SP) increased, and the bulk density and solubility (S) decreased. The Rapid Viscosity Analyzer (RVA) indicated that the final viscosity of the sample after ultrafine grinding was high. Furthermore, rheological tests demonstrated that the consistency coefficient K, shear resistance, and viscosity were decreased. The results of functional experiments showed that the treated samples (BMMB and VMMB) increased their capacity for cation exchange by 0.59 and 8.28%, respectively, bile acid salt adsorption capacity increased from 25.56 to 27.27 mg/g and 26.38 mg/g, and nitrite adsorption capacity increased from 0.58 to 1.17 mg/g and 1.12 mg/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Yu
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yanchun Wu
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.,Department of National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.,Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Agricultural Processed Products Ministry of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Lidong Wang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.,Department of National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.,Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Agricultural Processed Products Ministry of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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12
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Kolcsár VJ, Szőllősi G. Synthesis of a Pyrrolo[1,2- a]quinazoline-1,5-dione Derivative by Mechanochemical Double Cyclocondensation Cascade. Molecules 2022; 27:5671. [PMID: 36080434 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic compounds, such as quinazolinone derivatives, have significant biological activities. Nowadays, as the demand for environmentally benign, sustainable processes increases, the application of compounds from renewable sources, easily separable heterogeneous catalysts and efficient, alternative activation methods is of great importance. In this study, we have developed a convenient, green procedure for the preparation of 3a-methyl-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]quinazoline-1,5-dione through a double cyclocondensation cascade using anthranilamide and ethyl levulinate. Screening of various heterogeneous Brønsted acid catalysts showed that Amberlyst® 15 is a convenient choice. By applying mechanochemical activation in the preparation of this N-heterotricyclic compound for the first time, it was possible to shorten the necessary time to three hours compared to the 24 h needed under conventional conditions to obtain a high yield of the target product.
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13
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El-Gharbawy SA, Al-Dossari M, Zayed M, Saudi HA, Hassaan MY, Alfryyan N, Shaban M. Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructured Rock Wool as a Novel Material for Efficient Water-Splitting Application. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 35808005 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rock wool (RW) nanostructures of various sizes and morphologies were prepared using a combination of ball-mill and hydrothermal techniques, followed by an annealing process. Different tools were used to explore the morphologies, structures, chemical compositions and optical characteristics of the samples. The effect of initial particle size on the characteristics and photoelectrochemical performance of RW samples generated hydrothermally was investigated. As the starting particle size of ball-milled natural RW rises, the crystallite size of hydrothermally formed samples drops from 70.1 to 31.7 nm. Starting with larger ball-milled particle sizes, the nanoparticles consolidate and seamlessly combine to form a continuous surface with scattered spherical nanopores. Water splitting was used to generate photoelectrochemical hydrogen using the samples as photocatalysts. The number of hydrogen moles and conversion efficiencies were determined using amperometry and voltammetry experiments. When the monochromatic wavelength of light was increased from 307 to 460 nm for the manufactured RW>0.3 photocatalyst, the photocurrent density values decreased from 0.25 to 0.20 mA/mg. At 307 nm and +1 V, the value of the incoming photon-to-current efficiency was ~9.77%. Due to the stimulation of the H+ ion rate under the temperature impact, the Jph value increased by a factor of 5 when the temperature rose from 40 to 75 °C. As a result of this research, for the first time, a low-cost photoelectrochemical catalytic material is highlighted for effective hydrogen production from water splitting.
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14
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Cheng T, Ma W, Luo H, Ye Y, Yan K. Manipulating Reaction Energy Coordinate Landscape of Mechanochemical Diaza-Cope Rearrangement. Molecules 2022; 27:2570. [PMID: 35458767 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral vicinal diamines, a unique class of optically-active building blocks, play a crucial role in material design, pharmaceutical, and catalysis. Traditionally, their syntheses are all solvent-based approaches, which make organic solvent an indispensable part of their production. As part of our program aiming to develop chemical processes with reduced carbon footprints, we recently reported a highly practical and environmentally-friendly synthetic route to chiral vicinal diamines by solvent-free mechanochemical diaza-Cope rearrangement. We herein showed that a new protocol by co-milling with common laboratory solid additives, such as silica gel, can significantly enhance the efficiency of the reaction, compared to reactions in the absence of additives. One possible explanation is the Lewis acidic nature of additives that accelerates a key Schiff base formation step. Reaction monitoring experiments tracing all the reaction species, including reactants, intermediates, and product, suggested that the reaction profile is distinctly different from ball-milling reactions without additives. Collectively, this work demonstrated that additive effect is a powerful tool to manipulate a reaction pathway in mechanochemical diazo-Cope rearrangement pathway, and this is expected to find broad interest in organic synthesis using mechanical force as an energy input.
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15
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Kessler M, Rinaldi R. Kinetic Energy Dose as a Unified Metric for Comparing Ball Mills in the Mechanocatalytic Depolymerization of Lignocellulose. Front Chem 2022; 9:816553. [PMID: 35047484 PMCID: PMC8762196 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.816553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemistry utilizes mechanical forces to activate chemical bonds. It offers environmentally benign routes for both (bio) organic and inorganic syntheses. However, direct comparison of mechanochemistry results is often very challenging. In mechanochemical synthetic protocols, ball mill setup (mechanical design and grinding vessel geometry) in addition to experimental parameters (milling frequency, duration, ball count and size) vary broadly. This fact poses a severe issue to further progress in this exciting research area because ball mill setup and experimental parameters govern how much kinetic energy is transferred to a chemical reaction. In this work, we address the challenge of comparing mechanochemical reaction results by taking the energy dose provided by ball mills as a unified metric into account. In this quest, we applied kinematic modeling to two ball mills functioning under distinct working principles to express the energy dose as a mathematical function of the experimental parameters. By examining the effect of energy dose on the extent of the mechanocatalytic depolymerization (MCD) of lignocellulosic biomass (beechwood), we found linear correlations between yield of water-soluble products (WSP) and energy dose for both ball mills. Interestingly, when a substrate layer is formed on the grinding jar wall and/or grinding medium, a weak non-linear correlation between water-soluble products yield and energy dose is identified. We demonstrate that the chemical reaction’s best utilization of kinetic energy is achieved in the linear regime, which presents improved WSP yields for given energy doses. In the broader context, the current analysis outlines the usefulness of the energy dose as a unified metric in mechanochemistry to further the understanding of reaction results obtained from different ball mills operating under varied experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kessler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Rinaldi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Ouranidis A, Davidopoulou C, Kachrimanis K. Integrating Elastic Tensor and PC-SAFT Modeling with Systems-Based Pharma 4.0 Simulation, to Predict Process Operations and Product Specifications of Ternary Nanocrystalline Suspensions. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111771. [PMID: 34834186 PMCID: PMC8623873 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Comminution of BCS II APIs below the 1 μm threshold followed by solidification of the obtained nanosuspensions improves their dissolution properties. The breakage process reveals new crystal faces, thus creating altered crystal habits of improved wettability, facilitated by the adsorption of stabilizing polymers. However, process-induced transformations remain unpredictable, mirroring the current limitations of our atomistic level of understanding. Moreover, conventional equations of estimating dissolution, such as Noyes–Whitney and Nernst–Brunner, are not suitable to quantify the solubility enhancement due to the nanoparticle formation; hence, neither the complex stabilizer contribution nor the adsorption influence on the interfacial tension occurring between the water and APIs is accounted for. For such ternary mixtures, no numeric method exists to correlate the mechanical properties with the interfacial energy, capable of informing the key process parameters and the thermodynamic stability assessment of nanosuspensions. In this work, an elastic tensor analysis was performed to quantify the API stability during process implementation. Moreover, a novel thermodynamic model, described by the stabilizer-coated nanoparticle Gibbs energy anisotropic minimization, was structured to predict the material’s system solubility quantified by the application of PC-SAFT modeling. Comprehensively merging elastic tensor and PC-SAFT analysis into the systems-based Pharma 4.0 algorithm provided a validated, multi-level, built-in method capable of predicting the critical material quality attributes and corresponding key process parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ouranidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.D.); (K.K.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +30-231-099-7666
| | - Christina Davidopoulou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.D.); (K.K.)
| | - Kyriakos Kachrimanis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.D.); (K.K.)
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17
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Jicsinszky L, Cravotto G. Toward a Greener World-Cyclodextrin Derivatization by Mechanochemistry. Molecules 2021; 26:5193. [PMID: 34500627 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives are a challenge, mainly due to solubility problems. In many cases, the synthesis of CD derivatives requires high-boiling solvents, whereas the product isolation from the aqueous methods often requires energy-intensive processes. Complex formation faces similar challenges in that it involves interacting materials with conflicting properties. However, many authors also refer to the formation of non-covalent bonds, such as the formation of inclusion complexes or metal–organic networks, as reactions or synthesis, which makes it difficult to classify the technical papers. In many cases, the solubility of both the starting material and the product in the same solvent differs significantly. The sweetest point of mechanochemistry is the reduced demand or complete elimination of solvents from the synthesis. The lack of solvents can make syntheses more economical and greener. The limited molecular movements in solid-state allow the preparation of CD derivatives, which are difficult to produce under solvent reaction conditions. A mechanochemical reaction generally has a higher reagent utilization rate. When the reaction yields a good guest co-product, solvent-free conditions can be slower than in solution conditions. Regioselective syntheses of per-6-amino and alkylthio-CD derivatives or insoluble cyclodextrin polymers and nanosponges are good examples of what a greener technology can offer through solvent-free reaction conditions. In the case of thiolated CD derivatives, the absence of solvents results in significant suppression of the thiol group oxidation, too. The insoluble polymer synthesis is also more efficient when using the same molar ratio of the reagents as the solution reaction. Solid reactants not only reduce the chance of hydrolysis of multifunctional reactants or side reactions, but the spatial proximity of macrocycles also reduces the length of the spacing formed by the crosslinker. The structure of insoluble polymers of the mechanochemical reactions generally is more compact, with fewer and shorter hydrophilic arms than the products of the solution reactions.
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18
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Fatahi R, Khosravi R, Siavoshi H, Yazdani S, Hadavandi E, Chehreh Chelgani S. Ventilation Prediction for an Industrial Cement Raw Ball Mill by BNN-A "Conscious Lab" Approach. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14123220. [PMID: 34200911 PMCID: PMC8230465 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In cement mills, ventilation is a critical key for maintaining temperature and material transportation. However, relationships between operational variables and ventilation factors for an industrial cement ball mill were not addressed until today. This investigation is going to fill this gap based on a newly developed concept named “conscious laboratory (CL)”. For constructing the CL, a boosted neural network (BNN), as a recently developed comprehensive artificial intelligence model, was applied through over 35 different variables, with more than 2000 records monitored for an industrial cement ball mill. BNN could assess multivariable nonlinear relationships among this vast dataset, and indicated mill outlet pressure and the ampere of the separator fan had the highest rank for the ventilation prediction. BNN could accurately model ventilation factors based on the operational variables with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.6. BNN showed a lower error than other traditional machine learning models (RMSE: random forest 0.71, support vector regression: 0.76). Since improving the milling efficiency has an essential role in machine development and energy utilization, these results can open a new window to the optimal designing of comminution units for the material technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Fatahi
- School of Mining Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran;
| | - Rasoul Khosravi
- Department of Mining, Faculty of Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad 68151-44316, Iran;
| | - Hossein Siavoshi
- Department of Mining and Geological Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Samaneh Yazdani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 16511-53311, Iran;
| | - Esmaiel Hadavandi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Birjand University of Technology, Birjand 97198-66981, Iran;
| | - Saeed Chehreh Chelgani
- Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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19
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Eppel D, Eryiğit A, Rudolph M, Brückner M, Rominger F, Asiri AM, Hashmi ASK. Mechanochemical Gold(III)-Carbon Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13636-13640. [PMID: 33825267 PMCID: PMC8251521 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Starting from a [(MeO C^N^C)AuCl] complex as precursor, a direct substitution by C,H-activation from sp-, sp2 - or sp3 -C,H-bonds under basic conditions in a planetary ball mill was achieved. Because of the extraordinary photophysical properties of the target compounds, this protocol provides an easy access to a highly valued complex class. In contrast to existing protocols, no pre-functionalization of the starting materials is necessary and the use of expensive transition metal catalysts can be avoided, which makes this application appealing also for industrial purposes. In addition the methodology was not restricted to pincer complexes, which was demonstrated by the substitution of chelate type [(tpy)AuCl2 ] complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eppel
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Alpay Eryiğit
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Margit Brückner
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi-Arabia
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi-Arabia
- Heidelberg Center for the Environment (HCE)Im Neuenheimer Feld 229Germany
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20
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Udvardy A, Szolnoki CT, Gombos R, Papp G, Kováts É, Joó F, Kathó Á. Mechanochemical P-derivatization of 1,3,5-Triaza-7-Phosphaadamantane (PTA) and Silver-Based Coordination Polymers Obtained from the Resulting Phosphabetaines. Molecules 2020; 25:E5352. [PMID: 33207789 PMCID: PMC7697749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have described earlier that in aqueous solutions, the reaction of 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) with maleic acid yielded a phosphonium-alkanoate zwitterion. The same reaction with 2-methylmaleic acid (citraconic acid) proceeded much slower. It is reported here, that in the case of glutaconic and itaconic acids (constitutional isomers of citraconic acid), formation of the corresponding phosphabetaines requires significantly shorter reaction times. The new phosphabetaines were isolated and characterized by elemental analysis, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS spectrometry. Furthermore, their molecular structures in the solid state were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). Synthesis of the phosphabetaines from PTA and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids was also carried out mechanochemically with the use of a planetary ball mill, and the characteristics of the syntheses in solvent and under solvent-free conditions were compared. In aqueous solutions, the reaction of the new phosphabetaines with Ag(CF3SO3) yielded Ag(I)-based coordination polymers. According to the SC-XRD results, in these polymers the Ag(I)-ion coordinates to the N and O donor atoms of the ligands; however, Ag(I)-Ag(I) interactions were also identified. The Ag(I)-based coordination polymer (CP1.2) formed with the glutaconyl derivative of PTA (1) showed considerable antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and yeast strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antal Udvardy
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (C.T.S.); (R.G.); (G.P.); (Á.K.)
| | - Csenge Tamara Szolnoki
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (C.T.S.); (R.G.); (G.P.); (Á.K.)
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Réka Gombos
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (C.T.S.); (R.G.); (G.P.); (Á.K.)
| | - Gábor Papp
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (C.T.S.); (R.G.); (G.P.); (Á.K.)
| | - Éva Kováts
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Konkoly Thege Miklós u. 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ferenc Joó
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (C.T.S.); (R.G.); (G.P.); (Á.K.)
- MTA-DE Redox and Homogeneous Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms Research Group, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kathó
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (C.T.S.); (R.G.); (G.P.); (Á.K.)
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21
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Huang YX, Liu MJ, Chen S, Jasmi II, Tang Y, Lin S. Enhanced adsorption and slow release of phosphate by dolomite-alginate composite beads as potential fertilizer. Water Environ Res 2019; 91:797-804. [PMID: 30993735 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The recovery and reuse of phosphorus (P) from wastewater treatment process is a critical and viable target for sustainable P utilization. This study explores a novel approach of integrating ultrafine mineral particles into hydrogel matrixes for enhancing the capacity of phosphate adsorption. Dolomite-alginate (DA) hydrogel beads were prepared by integrating ball-milled, ultrafine dolomite powders into calcium cross-linked alginate hydrogel matrix. The adsorption isotherms followed a Langmuir-Freundlich adsorption model with higher specific adsorption capacity than those reported in literature. The kinetics of phosphate adsorption suggest that the adsorption is diffusion controlled. Investigation of adsorption capacity at different pH showed a maximum adsorption capacity in the pH range of 7-10. Lastly, we demonstrated that the DA beads are capable of slowly releasing most of the adsorbed phosphate, which is an important criterion for them to be an effective phosphorous fertilizer. This study, using DA composite hydrogel as an example, demonstrates a promising strategy of immobilizing ultrafine mineral adsorbents into biocompatible hydrogel matrix for effective recovery of phosphorous resource from wastewater. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Integration of dolomite and alginate hydrogel beads is demonstrated using ball milling. Ball milling process increases the specific adsorption capacity of dolomite on phosphorus. Adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and pH effects of the dolomite-alginate beads are investigated. The dolomite-alginate beads can be used as slow-release phosphorus fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Meng-Jie Liu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi Chen
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Irfan Iskandar Jasmi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yuanzhi Tang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shihong Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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22
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Ardila-Fierro KJ, Pich A, Spehr M, Hernández JG, Bolm C. Synthesis of acylglycerol derivatives by mechanochemistry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:811-817. [PMID: 30992730 PMCID: PMC6444433 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, many biologically relevant building blocks such as amino acids, peptides, saccharides, nucleotides and nucleosides, etc. have been prepared by mechanochemical synthesis. However, mechanosynthesis of lipids by ball milling techniques has remained essentially unexplored. In this work, a multistep synthetic route to access mono- and diacylglycerol derivatives by mechanochemistry has been realized, including the synthesis of diacylglycerol-coumarin conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Ardila-Fierro
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Spehr
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - José G Hernández
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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23
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Pétry N, Benakki H, Clot E, Retailleau P, Guenoun F, Asserar F, Sekkat C, Métro TX, Martinez J, Lamaty F. A mechanochemical approach to access the proline-proline diketopiperazine framework. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2169-2178. [PMID: 29114324 PMCID: PMC5669228 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ball milling was exploited to prepare a substituted proline building block by mechanochemical nucleophilic substitution. Subsequently, the mechanocoupling of hindered proline amino acid derivatives was developed to provide proline-proline dipeptides under solvent-free conditions. A deprotection-cyclization sequence yielded the corresponding diketopiperazines that were obtained with a high stereoselectivity which could be explained by DFT calculations. Using this method, an enantiopure disubstituted Pro-Pro diketopiperazine was synthesized in 4 steps, making 5 new bonds using a ball mill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pétry
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Hafid Benakki
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Laboratory of Chemistry Biology Applied to the Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University BP: 11201 Zitoune Meknès, Morocco
| | - Eric Clot
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, cc 1501, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Farhate Guenoun
- Laboratory of Chemistry Biology Applied to the Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University BP: 11201 Zitoune Meknès, Morocco
| | - Fatima Asserar
- Laboratory of Chemistry Biology Applied to the Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University BP: 11201 Zitoune Meknès, Morocco
| | - Chakib Sekkat
- Laboratory of Chemistry Biology Applied to the Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University BP: 11201 Zitoune Meknès, Morocco
| | - Thomas-Xavier Métro
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Frédéric Lamaty
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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24
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Eguaogie O, Vyle JS. Vibration Ball Milling for the Synthesis of 5'-Thioadenosine 5'-Pyrophosphate (P'→5') Adenosine (dASppA). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 70:1.41.1-1.41.12. [PMID: 28921493 DOI: 10.1002/cpnc.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Using vibration ball milling, 5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine (CldA) reacts cleanly with 4-methoxybenzyl mercaptan (MobSH), under basic conditions, to the corresponding thioether (MobSdA), which is isolated following precipitation and trituration. Under acidic conditions, in a one-pot, two-step process, MobSdA is transformed into 5'-deoxy-5'-(5-nitropyridyl-2-disulfanyl)-adenosine (NPySSdA). Michaelis-Arbuzov (M-A) reaction of NPySSdA with tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite proceeds to completion within 30 min as determined by 31 P NMR, and the persilylated M-A product thus formed can be stored in solution under anhydrous conditions at room temperature for several days (in contrast, the anionic phosphorothiolate monoester is labile to hydrolysis). Following evaporation, mechanochemical mixing of the crude M-A product with the nucleotide donor adenosine 5'-monophosphomorpholidate under acidic activation in the presence of additional water gives rapid hydrolytic desilylation and phosphate coupling, so that essentially complete reaction is observed after 90 min and dASppA isolated following C-18 reversed phase HPLC and desalting (>99% pure as determined by monitoring at 260 nm). © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Eguaogie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph S Vyle
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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25
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Yin Z, Peng Y, Zhu Z, Yu Z, Li T. Impact Load Behavior between Different Charge and Lifter in a Laboratory-Scale Mill. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:ma10080882. [PMID: 28773243 PMCID: PMC5578248 DOI: 10.3390/ma10080882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The impact behavior between the charge and lifter has significant effect to address the mill processing, and is affected by various factors including mill speed, mill filling, lifter height and media shape. To investigate the multi-body impact load behavior, a series of experiments and Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations were performed on a laboratory-scale mill, in order to improve the grinding efficiency and prolong the life of the lifter. DEM simulation hitherto has been extensively applied as a leading tool to describe diverse issues in granular processes. The research results shown as follows: The semi-empirical power draw of Bond model in this paper does not apply very satisfactorily for the ball mills, while the power draw determined by DEM simulation show a good approximation for the measured power draw. Besides, the impact force on the lifter was affected by mill speed, grinding media filling, lifter height and iron ore particle. The maximum percent of the impact force between 600 and 1400 N is at 70–80% of critical speed. The impact force can be only above 1400 N at the grinding media filling of 20%, and the maximum percent of impact force between 200 and 1400 N is obtained at the grinding media filling of 20%. The percent of impact force ranging from 0 to 200 N decreases with the increase of lifter height. However, this perfect will increase above 200 N. The impact force will decrease when the iron ore particles are added. Additionally, for the 80% of critical speed, the measured power draw has a maximum value. Increasing the grinding media filling increases the power draw and increasing the lifter height does not lead to any variation in power draw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Yin
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116 China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mine Mechanical and Electrical Equipment, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Yuxing Peng
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116 China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mine Mechanical and Electrical Equipment, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Zhencai Zhu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116 China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mine Mechanical and Electrical Equipment, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Zhangfa Yu
- Luoyang Mining Machinery Engineering Design Institute Co., Ltd., Luoyang 471039, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Heavy Equipment, CITIC Heavy Industries Co., Ltd., Luoyang 471039, China.
| | - Tongqing Li
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, 221116 China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mine Mechanical and Electrical Equipment, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China.
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Abstract
Drug delivery by inhalation offers several advantages compared to other dosage forms, including rapid clinical onset, high bioavailability, and minimal systemic side effects. Drug delivery to the lung can be achieved as liquid suspensions or solutions in nebulizers and pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDI), or as dry powders in dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Compared to other delivery systems, DPIs are, in many cases, considered the most convenient as they are breath actuated and do not require the use of propellants. Currently, the delivery of low drug doses for the treatment of lung conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are well established, with numerous commercial products available on the market. The delivery of low doses can be achieved from either standard carrier- or aggregate-based formulations, which are unsuitable in the delivery of high doses due to particle segregation associated with carrier active site saturation and the cohesiveness of micronized aggregates which have poor flow and de-agglomeration properties. High-dose delivery is required for the treatment of lung infection (i.e. antibiotics) and in the emerging application of drug delivery for the management of systemic conditions (i.e. diabetes). Therefore, there is a demand for new methods for production of high-dose dry powder formulations. This paper presents a review of co-mill processing, for the production of high-efficiency inhalation therapies, including the jet mill, mechanofusion, or ball mill methodologies. We investigate the different techniques, additives, and drugs studied, and impact on performance in DPI systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lau
- a The Woolcock Institute for Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology , Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Paul M Young
- a The Woolcock Institute for Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology , Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- a The Woolcock Institute for Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology , Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
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27
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Eguaogie O, Conlon PF, Ravalico F, Sweet JST, Elder TB, Conway LP, Lennon ME, Hodgson DRW, Vyle JS. Nucleophilic displacement reactions of 5'-derivatised nucleosides in a vibration ball mill. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:87-92. [PMID: 28179952 PMCID: PMC5238552 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibration ball-milling in a zirconia-lined vessel afforded clean and quantitative nucleophilic displacement reactions between 4-methoxybenzylthiolate salts and nucleoside 5′-halides or 5′-tosylates in five to 60 minutes. Under these conditions, commonly-encountered nucleoside cyclisation byproducts (especially of purine nucleosides) were not observed. Liquid-assisted grinding of the same 5'-iodide and 5′-tosylate substrates with potassium selenocyanate in the presence of DMF produced the corresponding 5′-selenocyanates in variable yields over the course of between one and eleven hours thereby avoiding the preparation and use of hygroscopic tetrabutylammonium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Eguaogie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Patrick F Conlon
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Francesco Ravalico
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Jamie S T Sweet
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Thomas B Elder
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Louis P Conway
- Durham University, Department of Chemistry, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Marc E Lennon
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - David R W Hodgson
- Durham University, Department of Chemistry, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Joseph S Vyle
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
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28
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Ouyang W, Kuna E, Yepez A, Balu AM, Romero AA, Colmenares JC, Luque R. Mechanochemical Synthesis of TiO₂ Nanocomposites as Photocatalysts for Benzyl Alcohol Photo-Oxidation. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2016; 6:E93. [PMID: 28335221 DOI: 10.3390/nano6050093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
TiO2 (anatase phase) has excellent photocatalytic performance and different methods have been reported to overcome its main limitation of high band gap energy. In this work, TiO2-magnetically-separable nanocomposites (MAGSNC) photocatalysts with different TiO2 loading were synthesized using a simple one-pot mechanochemical method. Photocatalysts were characterized by a number of techniques and their photocatalytic activity was tested in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. Extension of light absorption into the visible region was achieved upon titania incorporation. Results indicated that the photocatalytic activity increased with TiO2 loading on the catalysts, with moderate conversion (20%) at high benzaldehyde selectivity (84%) achieved for 5% TiO2-MAGSNC. These findings pointed out a potential strategy for the valorization of lignocellulosic-based biomass under visible light irradiation using designer photocatalytic nanomaterials.
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29
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Biazar E, Beitollahi A, Rezayat SM, Forati T, Asefnejad A, Rahimi M, Zeinali R, Ardeshir M, Hatamjafari F, Sahebalzamani A, Heidari M. Effect of the mechanical activation on size reduction of crystalline acetaminophen drug particles. Int J Nanomedicine 2009; 4:283-7. [PMID: 20054432 PMCID: PMC2802041 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s5895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The decrease in particle size may offer new properties to drugs. In this study, we investigated the size reduction influence of the acetaminophen (C8H9O2N) particles by mechanical activation using a dry ball mill. The activated samples with the average size of 1 μm were then investigated in different time periods with the infrared (IR), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The results of the IR and XRD images showed no change in the drug structure after the mechanical activation of all samples. With the peak height at full width at half maximum from XRD and the Scherrer equation, the size of the activated crystallite samples illustrated that the AFM images were in sound agreement with the Scherrer equation. According to the peaks of the AFM images, the average size of the particles in 30 hours of activation was 24 nm with a normal particle distribution. The ICP analysis demonstrated the presence of tungsten carbide particle impurities after activation from the powder sample impacting with the ball and jar. The greatest reduction in size was after milling for 30 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Biazar
- Chemistry Department, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Mazandaran, Iran.
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