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Wang F, Kang Y, Fu D, Singh RP. Effect evaluation of different green wastes on food waste digestate composting and improvement of operational conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-32386-y. [PMID: 38361099 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
This study attempted to determine the influence of diverse green wastes on food waste digestate composting and the improvement of operational conditions. Various effects of the green wastes (GW), with different types and sizes, initial substrate mixture C/N ratios, compost pile heights, and turning frequencies on the food waste digestate (FWD) composting were examined in the current work. The findings showed that the use of street sweeping green waste (SSGW) as an additive can maintain the thermophilic stage of the FWD composting for 28 days, while the end-product contained the greatest amounts of total phosphorus (TP, 2.29%) and total potassium (TK, 4.61%) and the lowest moisture content (14.8%). Crushed SSGW (20 mm) enabled the FWD composting to maintain the longest thermophilic period (28 days), achieving the highest temperature (70.2 °C) and seed germination index (GI, 100%). Adjusting the initial substrate mixture C/N ratio to 25, compost pile height to 30 cm, and turning frequency to three times a day could enhance the efficiency and improve the fertilizer quality of the co-composting of the FWD and SSGW. This study suggested that co-composting of FWD and SSGW (FWD/SSGW = 2.3, wet weight) is a promising technique for the treatment of municipal solid waste and provided significant theoretical data for the application of composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangtianrui Kang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Dafang Fu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Rajendra Prasad Singh
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China.
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Noble R, Thai M, Kertesz MA. Nitrogen balance and supply in Australasian mushroom composts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:151. [PMID: 38240861 PMCID: PMC10798912 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Mushrooms are an important source of protein in the human diet. They are increasingly viewed as a sustainable meat replacement in an era of growing populations, with button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) the most popular and economically important mushroom in Europe, Australia and North America. Button mushrooms are cultivated on a defined, straw-derived compost, and the nitrogen (N) required to grow these high-protein foods is provided mainly by the addition of poultry manure and horse manure. Using the correct balance of carbon (C) and N sources to produce mushroom compost is critically important in achieving maximum mushroom yields. Changes in the amount and form of N added, the rate and timing of N addition and the other compost components used can dramatically change the proportion of added N recovered in the mushroom caps, the yield and quality of the mushrooms and the loss of N as ammonia and nitrogen oxide gases during composting. This review examines how N supply for mushroom production can be optimised by the use of a broad range of inorganic and organic N sources for mushroom composting, together with the use of recycled compost leachate, gypsum and protein-rich supplements. Integrating this knowledge into our current molecular understanding of mushroom compost biology will provide a pathway for the development of sustainable solutions in mushroom production that will contribute strongly to the circular economy. KEY POINTS: • Nitrogen for production of mushroom compost can be provided as a much wider range of organic feedstocks or inorganic compounds than currently used • Most of the nitrogen used in production of mushroom compost is not recovered as protein in the mushroom crop • The sustainability of mushroom cropping would be increased through alternative nitrogen management during composting and cropping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Noble
- Microbiotech Ltd, Pershore Centre, Pershore, Worcestershire, WR103JP, UK
| | - Meghann Thai
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, LEES Building, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Michael A Kertesz
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, LEES Building, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Pottipati S, Jat N, Kalamdhad AS. Bioconversion of Eichhornia crassipes into vermicompost on a large scale through improving operational aspects of in-vessel biodegradation process: Microbial dynamics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 374:128767. [PMID: 36822559 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Eichhornia crassipes is a common, abundant aquatic weed biomass found globally. The present study examined optimum biodegradation procedures through batch studies (550 L rotating drum composter) and the resulting best combination on a large scale (5000 L rotary drum composter). The pilot scale rotary drum reactor was commenced with cow manure and then treated for 3 months with 250 kg/day of homogenously mixed E. crassipes and dry leaves. The rotary drum's inlet and outlet temperatures were 60 °C and 39 °C, respectively, suggesting thermophilic conditions with a 7-day waste retention duration. Eisenia fetida was used for vermicomposting the outlet material for 20 days, raising the nitrogen content to 3.2%. Bacterial diversity (16S-rRNA) sequencing revealed that Proteobacteria and Euryarchaeota are the most predominant. After 27 days, the volume dropped by 71%, and the product was stable and soil-safe. Large-scale optimised biodegradation may be a better way to handle aquatic weed biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryateja Pottipati
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Neeraj Jat
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ajay S Kalamdhad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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Chen Y, Qin H, Lu Y, Liu H, Zhang J. A novel method to measure air-immobile regions of the composting pile by inverse calculation combined with gas tracer test. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 150:131-140. [PMID: 35830767 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Air-immobile regions in composting piles obstruct O2 mass transport and exacerbate the formation and emission of harmful off-gases. However, effective methods for measuring the parameters of these air-immobile regions are lacking. With quartz sand piles, this study first adjusted the circumstances of a gas tracer test (gas tracer, its injection volume, and chamber type) using the two-region model (TRM). The effects of β (proportional coefficient of gas in the air-mobile region) and ω (mass exchange coefficient) on the breakthrough curves (BTCs) of the gases were then explored. Finally, an inverse calculation method was used to measure the feature parameters of air-immobile regions in two composting piles (temperature-increasing and thermophilic phases) and estimate the O2 concentrations in different composting piles (50, 100, 200 cm whole height; layers of 50, 100, 200 cm height in a 200-cm high pile). The results showed that the optimal conditions were achieved when 100 mL helium (He) as the gas tracer and a cylinder with a height/diameter ratio of 3 as the chamber were used. With the simulating composting piles, increasing β or ω slowed breakthrough and decreased peak concentration in BTCs of a gas tracer. Tracer-inverse calculation protocol can be used to efficiently estimate the volume ratios of air-immobile regions (φ) and first-order mass transfer coefficient (α), with the values of 39%/46% and 0.001/0.006 min-1 in the composting piles during temperature-increasing /thermophilic phase. The TRM also predicted the O2 concentration in the off-gas or air-mobile/immobile regions of the temperature-increasing-phase composting piles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Haiguang Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yulan Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
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López-González JA, Estrella-González MJ, Lerma-Moliz R, Jurado MM, Suárez-Estrella F, López MJ. Industrial Composting of Sewage Sludge: Study of the Bacteriome, Sanitation, and Antibiotic-Resistant Strains. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:784071. [PMID: 35003014 PMCID: PMC8739954 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.784071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wastewater treatment generates a huge amount of sewage sludge, which is a source of environmental pollution. Among the alternatives for the management of this waste, industrial composting stands out as one of the most relevant. The objective of this study was to analyze the bacterial population linked to this process and to determine its effectiveness for the reduction, and even elimination, of microorganisms and pathogens present in these organic wastes. For this purpose, the bacteriome and the fecal bacteria contamination of samples from different sewage sludge industrial composting facilities were evaluated. In addition, fecal bacteria indicators and pathogens, such as Salmonella, were isolated from samples collected at key stages of the process and characterized for antibiotic resistance to macrolide, β-lactam, quinolone, and aminoglycoside families. 16S rRNA phylogeny data revealed that the process clearly evolved toward a prevalence of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phyla, removing the fecal load. Moreover, antibiotic-resistant microorganisms present in the raw materials were reduced, since these were isolated only in the bio-oxidative phase. Therefore, industrial composting of sewage sludge results in a bio-safe final product suitable for use in a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A López-González
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - María J Estrella-González
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Rosario Lerma-Moliz
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Macarena M Jurado
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Francisca Suárez-Estrella
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - María J López
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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Available Pathways for Operationalizing Circular Economy into the Olive Oil Supply Chain: Mapping Evidence from a Scoping Literature Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13179789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Circular economy (CE) is increasingly seen as a promising paradigm for transitioning agri-food systems towards more sustainable models of production and consumption, enabling virtuous and regenerative biological metabolisms based on strategies of eco-efficiency and eco-effectiveness. This contribution seeks to provide a theoretical and empirical framework for operationalizing the CE principles into the olive oil supply chain, that plays a central role in the agroecological systems of the Mediterranean region. A scoping literature review has been conducted in order to identify the available pathways so far explored by scholars for reshaping the olive oil supply chain from a circular perspective. The analyzed literature has been charted on the base of the circular pathway examined, and according to the supply chain subsystem(s) to which it refers. Results are discussed highlighting the main issues, the technology readiness level of the available pathways, the prevailing approaches and knowledge gaps. A synthetic evidence map is provided, framing visually the scrutinized pathways into the Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s CE ‘butterfly’ graph. The work is intended to be a valuable baseline for inquiring how circularity can be advanced in the specific supply chain of olive oil, and which are the strategic opportunities, as well as the barriers to overcome, in order to foster the transition.
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Vaverková MD, Adamcová D, Winkler J, Koda E, Petrželová L, Maxianová A. Alternative method of composting on a reclaimed municipal waste landfill in accordance with the circular economy: Benefits and risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:137971. [PMID: 32220733 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Waste composting is becoming a key element of integrated waste management. Composting has a number of advantages, including economic benefits, improvement of soil properties through the use of compost, reduction in the use of chemical fertilisers, and minimization of environmental pollution. Composting on a landfill surface appears to be an economical solution that can help close the waste loop and material cycle. In this study, a composting plant located on a landfill surface was analysed. The main objective of the research was to identify the species of plants growing in the organic fraction of municipal solid waste in temporary storage, in the composting plant, and in maturing compost located in a reclaimed plot at the landfill site. During monitoring, 88 plant species were identified altogether. It was observed that compost can become a source of weed infestation. To control the presence of weeds in the compost, basic principles of composting are to be followed to reduce the quantity of weed seeds. The thermophilic phase must occur to reduce the viability of seeds in the input materials and sufficient moisture must be ensured during the composting process. When these principles are strictly observed and the stored compost is maintained without vegetation, the supply of seeds in the compost will be low, and the undesirable spread of plant species to adjacent areas will be controlled. The results showed that the use of the obtained compost did not result in the propagation of weed species. This study demonstrates that composting on a reclaimed landfill offers various advantages such as a closed waste management cycle, coverage of the active landfill body, and fertilisation of the reclaimed part of the landfill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Daria Vaverková
- Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02 776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dana Adamcová
- Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Winkler
- Department of Plant biology, AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eugeniusz Koda
- Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02 776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lenka Petrželová
- Department of Plant biology, AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alžbeta Maxianová
- Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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