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Li Y, Zhou C, Chen L, Deng R, Wong M, Shan S. Effects of biochar on the manganese enrichment and oxidation by a microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda in the aquatic environment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 271:115961. [PMID: 38218106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae play a significant impact in the biogeochemical cycle of Mn(II) in the aquatic ecosystem. Meanwhile, the inflow of biochar into the water bodies is bound to impact the aquatic organisms. However, the influence of biochar on the manganese transformation in algae-rich water has not drawn much attention. Thus, we studied the effects of rice straw biochar on manganese enrichment and oxidation by a common type of algae in freshwater (Scenedesmus quadricauda). The results showed that Mn(II) was absorbed intracellularly and adsorbed extracellularly by active algal cells. A significant portion of enriched Mn(II) was oxidized to amorphous precipitates MnO2, MnOOH, and Mn2O3. Moreover, the extracellular bound Mn(II) content in the coexistent system of algae and biochar increased compared with the pure Scenedesmus quadricauda system. Nevertheless, the intracellular Mn content was continually lowered as the biochar dose rose from an initial 0.2 to 2.0 g·L-1, suggesting that Mn assimilation of the cell was suppressed. It was calculated that the total enrichment ability of Scenedesmus quadricauda in the algae-biochar coexistent system was 0.31- 15.32 mg Mn/g biomass, more than that in the pure algae system. More importantly, with biochar in the algae system, the amount of generated MnOx increased, and more Mn(II) was oxidized into highly-charged Mn(IV). This was probably because the biochar could relieve the stress of massive Mn(II) on algae and support the MnOx precipitates. In brief, moderate biochar promoted the Mn(II) accumulation by algal cells and its oxidation activity. This study offers deeper insight into the bioconversion of Mn(II) by algae and the potential impact of biochar application to the aquatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China; School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, PR China.
| | - Chuanfeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China
| | - Liping Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, PR China
| | - Renjian Deng
- School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, PR China
| | - Minghung Wong
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China; Consortium on Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Shengdao Shan
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China
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2
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Rossi S, Carecci D, Marazzi F, Di Benedetto F, Mezzanotte V, Parati K, Alberti D, Geraci I, Ficara E. Integrating microalgae growth in biomethane plants: Process design, modelling, and cost evaluation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23240. [PMID: 38163195 PMCID: PMC10755323 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of microalgae cultivation in anaerobic digestion (AD) plants can take advantage of relevant nutrients (ammonium and ortho-phosphate) and CO2 loads. The proposed scheme of microalgae integration in existing biogas plants aims at producing approximately 250 t·y-1 of microalgal biomass, targeting the biostimulants market that is currently under rapid expansion. A full-scale biorefinery was designed to treat 50 kt·y-1 of raw liquid digestate from AD and 0.45 kt·y-1 of CO2 from biogas upgrading, and 0.40 kt·y-1 of sugar-rich solid by-products from a local confectionery industry. An innovative three-stage cultivation process was designed, modelled, and verified, including: i) microalgae inoculation in tubular PBRs to select the desired algal strains, ii) microalgae cultivation in raceway ponds under greenhouses, and iii) heterotrophic microalgae cultivation in fermenters. A detailed economic assessment of the proposed biorefinery allowed to compute a biomass production cost of 2.8 ± 0.3 €·kg DW-1, that is compatible with current downstream process costs to produce biostimulants, suggesting that the proposed nutrient recovery route is feasible from the technical and economic perspective. Based on the case study analysis, a discussion of process, bioproducts and policy barriers that currently hinder the development of microalgae-based biorefineries is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rossi
- Politecnico di Milano, DICA – Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Carecci
- Politecnico di Milano, DICA – Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Marazzi
- University of Milano – Bicocca, DISAT – Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 1, P.zza della Scienza, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Benedetto
- Politecnico di Milano, DICA – Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Mezzanotte
- University of Milano – Bicocca, DISAT – Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 1, P.zza della Scienza, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Katia Parati
- Istituto Sperimentale Italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani, Aquaculture division, 26027 Rivolta d’Adda, Italy
| | | | | | - Elena Ficara
- Politecnico di Milano, DICA – Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci, 20133 Milano, Italy
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3
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Nordio R, Rodríguez-Miranda E, Casagli F, Sánchez-Zurano A, Guzmán JL, Acién G. ABACO-2: a comprehensive model for microalgae-bacteria consortia validated outdoor at pilot-scale. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 248:120837. [PMID: 37984038 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Modelling microalgae-bacteria in wastewater treatment systems has gained significant attention in the last few years. In this study, we present an enhanced version of the ABACO model, named ABACO-2, which demonstrates improved accuracy through validation in outdoor pilot-scale systems. ABACO-2 enables the comprehensive characterization of microalgae-bacteria consortia dynamics, allowing to predict the biomass concentration (microalgae, heterotrophic bacteria, and nitrifying bacteria) and nutrient evolution. The updated version of the model incorporates new equations for nutrient coefficient yields, oxygen mass balance, and microorganism cellular decay, while significantly reducing the number of calibrated parameters, simplifying the parameter identification. Calibration and validation were performed using data from a 80 m2 raceway reactor operated in a semicontinuous mode over an extensive period (May to November, total of 206 days) at a fixed dilution rate of 0.2 day-1 (corresponding to 5 days of hydraulic retention time), where untreated urban wastewater was used as culture medium. ABACO-2 exhibited robustness, accurately forecasting biomass production, population dynamics, nutrient recovery, and prevailing culture conditions across a wide range of environmental and water composition conditions. Mathematical models are essential instruments for the industrial development and optimization of microalgae-related wastewater treatment processes, thereby contributing to the sustainability of the wastewater treatment industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Nordio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Almería, E04120 Almería, Spain; CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Enrique Rodríguez-Miranda
- CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain; Department of Informatics, Universidad de Almería, E04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Francesca Casagli
- Biocore, INRIA centre d'Université Côte d'Azur, Sophia-Antipolis F-06902, France
| | - Ana Sánchez-Zurano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Almería, E04120 Almería, Spain; CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - José Luis Guzmán
- CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain; Department of Informatics, Universidad de Almería, E04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Gabriel Acién
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Almería, E04120 Almería, Spain; CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain
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4
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Mugnai S, Derossi N, Hendlin Y. Algae communication, conspecific and interspecific: the concepts of phycosphere and algal-bacteria consortia in a photobioreactor (PBR). PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2148371. [PMID: 36934349 PMCID: PMC10026891 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2148371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae in the wild often form consortia with other species promoting their own health and resource foraging opportunities. The recent application of microalgae cultivation and deployment in commercial photobioreactors (PBR) so far has focussed on single species of algae, resulting in multi-species consortia being largely unexplored. Reviewing the current status of PBR ecological habitat, this article argues in favor of further investigation into algal communication with conspecifics and interspecifics, including other strains of microalgae and bacteria. These mutualistic species form the 'phycosphere': the microenvironment surrounding microalgal cells, potentiating the production of certain metabolites through biochemical interaction with cohabitating microorganisms. A better understanding of the phycosphere could lead to novel PBR configurations, capable of incorporating algal-microbial consortia, potentially proving more effective than single-species algal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yogi Hendlin
- Erasmus School of Philosophy, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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5
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Rossi S, Carecci D, Ficara E. Thermal response analysis and compilation of cardinal temperatures for 424 strains of microalgae, cyanobacteria, diatoms and other species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162275. [PMID: 36801411 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae and other phototrophic microorganisms can be cultivated to produce food and valuable bioproducts, also allowing to remove nutrients from wastewater and CO2 from biogas or polluted gas streams. Among other environmental and physico-chemical parameters, microalgal productivity is strongly influenced by the cultivation temperature. In this review, cardinal temperatures identifying the thermal response, i.e., the optimal growth condition (TOPT), and the lower and upper limits for microalgae cultivation (TMIN and TMAX), have been included in a structured and harmonized database. Literature data for 424 strains belonging to 148 genera of green algae, cyanobacteria, diatoms, and other phototrophs were tabulated and analysed, with a focus on the most relevant genera that are currently cultivated at the industrial scale in Europe. The dataset creation aimed at facilitating the comparison of different strain performances for different operational temperatures and assisting in the process of thermal and biological modelling, to reduce energy consumption and biomass production costs. A case study was presented, to illustrate the effect of temperature control on the energetic expenditure for cultivating different Chorella sp. strains under a greenhouse located in different European sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rossi
- Politecnico di Milano, DICA - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Section, P.zza L. da Vinci, 3, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - D Carecci
- Politecnico di Milano, DEIB - Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, P.zza L. da Vinci, 3, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - E Ficara
- Politecnico di Milano, DICA - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Section, P.zza L. da Vinci, 3, 20133 Milan, Italy
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6
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Ye T, Liu H, Qi W, Qu J. Removal of pharmaceutical in a biogenic/chemical manganese oxide system driven by manganese-oxidizing bacteria with humic acids as sole carbon source. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 126:734-741. [PMID: 36503798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioaugmented sand filtration has attracted considerable attention because it can effectively remove contaminants in drinking water without additional chemical reagent addition. In this study, a synthesized chemical manganese dioxide (MnO2)-coated quartz sand (MnQS) and biogenic manganese oxide (BioMnOx) composite system was proposed to simultaneously remove typical pharmaceutical contaminants and Mn2+. We demonstrated a manganese-oxidizing bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. QJX-1, could oxidize Mn2+ to generate BioMnOx using humic acids (HA) as sole carbon source. The coaction of MnQS, QJX-1, and the generated BioMnOx in simultaneously removing caffeine and Mn2+ in the presence of HA was evaluated. We found a synergistic effect between them. MnQS and BioMnOx together significantly increased the caffeine removal efficiency from 32.8% (MnQS alone) and 21.5% (BioMnOx alone) to 61.2%. Meanwhile, Mn2+ leaked from MnQS was rapidly oxidized by QJX-1 to regenerate reactive BioMnOx, which was beneficial for continuous contaminant removal and system stability. Different degradation intermediates of caffeine oxidized by MnQS and BioMnOx were detected by LC-QTOF-MS analysis, which implied that caffeine was oxidized by a different pathway. Overall, this work promotes the potential application of bioaugmented sand filtration in pharmaceutical removal in the presence of natural organic matter in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingming Ye
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weixiao Qi
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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7
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Vasistha S, Balakrishnan D, Manivannan A, Rai MP. Microalgae on distillery wastewater treatment for improved biodiesel production and cellulose nanofiber synthesis: A sustainable biorefinery approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 315:137666. [PMID: 36586450 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane spent wash generates waste at a large scale that impacts the environment, hence the classic waste reuse technology needs to be implemented. An integrated approach of spent wash and microalgae cultivation to produce biodiesel has gained momentum in recent times. However, the microalgae technology lacks the functional utilization of de-oiled microalgae biomass (DOB). This study proposed the development of a microalgae-based advanced process for distillery spent wash treatment, biomass recovery for biodiesel and utilizing algal residue as a step towards waste management. A novel microalga Coelastrella sp KJ-04 grown in distillery spent wash represented with high biomass (4.61g/L) and lipid production (3.6 g/L). The significant reduction in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD, 49.3%), Total Nitrogen (TN, 49.7%), Total Phosphorous (TP, 21.8%), Total Organic Carbon (TOC, 40.2%), Total Sulphur (S, 37.2%) and Potassium (K, 42.5%) were achieved in spent wash. The extracted lipids of Coelastrella sp KJ-04 were converted to Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and examined by Gas chromatography -mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to observe the suitability for biodiesel prospect. The de-oiled biomass (DOB) was utilized for the synthesis of Cellulose nanofibers (CNF), purified and estimated with a diameter ranging between 20 and 27 nm. The crystalline structure and functional group of CNF were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The unprecedented work demonstrated the microalgae biorefinery approach for spent wash remediation, biodiesel synthesis and simultaneous production of biodegradable CNF from algal residue to support waste-free technology. In future, CNF can be reinforced into material for concrete as it could be the smart alternative to replace synthetic cement plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrasti Vasistha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201313, India; Institute of Management Studies Ghaziabad (University Courses Campus), NH09, Adhyatmik Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201015, India
| | - Deepanraj Balakrishnan
- College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arthi Manivannan
- Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Monika Prakash Rai
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201313, India.
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8
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Ji NH, Chen FH, Pang ZZ. Composition identification and UV-C irradiation growth inhibition effect of green shading on the greenhouse cover. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:158024. [PMID: 35970460 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse cover pollution with green shading composed of dust, microalgae and bacteria is a severe problem in tropical areas. The shading results in lower greenhouse indoor light intensity reducing the yield and quality of protected horticulture crops. However, few studies have focused on environmentally efficient ways to remove green shading to increase greenhouse production. In this study, five purified microalgae were isolated from the green shading of three greenhouse roofs and were identified using morphological and molecular assessments. The effects of Ultraviolet-C irradiation (UV-C, 254 nm) at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mJ cm-2 on the growth of GLY-1 microalgae were investigated. The results indicated that five purified microalgae all appeared to belong to the genus of Jaagichlorella. The purified microalgae cell density and chlorophyll content decreased respectively by 26.89-74.44 % and 42.02-77.31 % at 1-3 d after UV-C treatment with doses ranging from 100 to 300 mJ cm-2. The inhibition of the growth rate of microalgae was significantly positively correlated with the UV-C irradiation dose and significantly negatively correlated with treatment time. In summary, UV-C irradiation treatment at 300 mJ cm-2 and 3 d could substantially inhibit microalgae growth in green shading on greenhouse covers. UV-C irradiation could be an effective method for solving the problem of greenhouse cover pollution with microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Huan Ji
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Plants of Hainan Province, College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Fang-Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Plants of Hainan Province, College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Pang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Plants of Hainan Province, College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
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10
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Keyvan Hosseini M, Keyvan Hosseini P, Helchi S, Pajoum Shariati F. The comparison between two methods of membrane cleaning to control membrane fouling in a hybrid membrane photobioreactor (HMPBR). Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:394-400. [PMID: 35801425 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2095574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of two membrane cleaning methods, such as aeration and addition of granular particles in a hybrid membrane photobioreactor (HMPBR) including Spirulina sp. with the concentration of 1.5 g·L-1 was investigated. Three different spargers [i.e., different diameters of orifice (do): 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mm] and granular particles (i.e., three packing ratios of 0.5, 1, and 1.5%) were used. The results showed that with the increase in granular packing ratio, Rc/Rt decreased significantly. The best result was achieved by combining aeration with an orifice diameter of 1.5 mm and a granular packing ratio of 1.5%, which led to the lowest Rc/Rt value (0.38), while Rc/Rt value with a do of 1.5 mm was 0.68 without particles. In contrast, the ratio of pore blocking resistance to total resistance (Rp/Rt) increased by 4.2% under the combined application of 1.5 mm of orifice diameter and 1.5% of granular packing ratio. The results from protein concentrations in the cake layer showed that as the do became larger, cake protein concentration decreased by 40%, whereas increasing the granular packing ratio from 0.5 to 1.5% increased protein concentration by 60% in the cake layer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Salar Helchi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Pajoum Shariati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Sánchez-Zurano A, Rossi S, Fernández-Sevilla JM, Acién-Fernández G, Molina-Grima E, Ficara E. Respirometric assessment of bacterial kinetics in algae-bacteria and activated sludge processes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 352:127116. [PMID: 35398212 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Algae-bacteria (AB) consortia can be exploited for effective wastewater treatment, based on photosynthetic oxygenation to reduce energy requirements for aeration. While algal kinetics have been extensively evaluated, bacterial kinetics in AB systems are still based on parameters taken from the activated sludge models, lacking an experimental validation for AB consortia. A respirometric procedure was therefore proposed, to estimate bacterial kinetics in both activated sludge and AB, under different conditions of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and substrate availability. Bacterial activities were differently influenced by operational/environmental conditions, suggesting that the adoption of typical activated sludge parameters could be inadequate for AB modelling. Indeed, respirometric results show that bacteria in AB consortia were adapted to a wider range of conditions, compared to activated sludge, confirming that a dedicated calibration of bacterial kinetics is essential for effectively modelling AB systems, and respirometry was proven to be a powerful and reliable tool to this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sánchez-Zurano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain, CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - S Rossi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - J M Fernández-Sevilla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain, CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - G Acién-Fernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain, CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - E Molina-Grima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - E Ficara
- Politecnico di Milano, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Aparicio S, Robles Á, Ferrer J, Seco A, Borrás Falomir L. Assessing and modeling nitrite inhibition in microalgae-bacteria consortia for wastewater treatment by means of photo-respirometric and chlorophyll fluorescence techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152128. [PMID: 34863736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Total nitrite (TNO2 = HNO2 + NO-2) accumulation due to the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was monitored in microalgae-bacteria consortia, and the inhibitory effect of nitrite/free nitrous acid (NO2-N/FNA) on microalgae photosynthesis and inhibition mechanism was studied. A culture of Scenedesmus was used to run two sets of batch reactors at different pH and TNO2 concentrations to evaluate the toxic potential of NO2-N and FNA. Photo-respirometric tests showed that NO2-N accumulation has a negative impact on net oxygen production rate (OPRNET). Chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis was used to examine the biochemical effects of NO2-N stress and the mechanism of NO2-N inhibition. The electron transport rate (ETR), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and JIP-test revealed that the electron transport chain between Photosystems II and I (PS II and PS I) was hindered at NO2-N concentrations above 25 g N m-3. Electron acceptor QA was not able to reoxidize and could not transfer electrons to the next electron acceptor, QB, accumulating P680+ (excited PS II reaction center) and limiting oxygen production. A semi-continuous reactor containing a Scenedesmus culture was monitored by photo-respirometry tests and Chlorophyll a fluorescence to calibrate NO2-N inhibition (5-35 g N m-3). Non-competitive inhibition and Hill-type models were compared to select the best-fitting inhibition equations. Inhibition was correctly modeled by the Hill-type model and a half inhibition constant (KI) for OPRNET, NPQ, maximum photosynthetic rate (ETRMAX) and the performance index PIABS was 23.7 ± 1.2, 26.36 ± 1.10, 39 ± 2 and 26.5 ± 0.4, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Aparicio
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - Ángel Robles
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - José Ferrer
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - Aurora Seco
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Luis Borrás Falomir
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
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13
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Song W, Ding S, Zhou L, Li N, Zhang Y, Li H, Ding J, Lu J. The performance of co-immobilized strains isolated from activated sludge combined with Scenedesmus quadricauda to remove nutrients and organics in black odorous water. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126571. [PMID: 34921924 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three bacteria were isolated from activated sludge (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Dietzia maris). After that, isolated strains and Scenedesmus quadricauda that could degrade refractory organics, as co-immobilization species, were prepared gel beads to treat black odorous water. Under the optimized conditions, the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) reached 94.36%, 95.7%, 91.22% and 95.27%, respectively, and organics (including aromatic proteins and microbial-by-product-like compounds) were also significantly removed. Microbial analysis reveals that the community structure had a significant difference before and after treatment, and the main dominant at the genus level was transformed from Nitrospirillum (approximately 18.03%) to Flavobacterium (approximately 17.64%). This study also found that the immobilized gel beads have excellent stability and reusability, which provided a feasible and robust bioremediation strategy for the treatment of actual black-odor water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchao Song
- Department of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, PR China
| | - Shaoxuan Ding
- Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Linqing Zhou
- Department of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Department of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, PR China
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, PR China
| | - Jincheng Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, PR China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, PR China.
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14
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Comprehensive assessment of the microalgae-nitrifying bacteria competition in microalgae-based wastewater treatment systems: Relevant factors, evaluation methods and control strategies. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Rossi S, Visigalli S, Castillo Cascino F, Mantovani M, Mezzanotte V, Parati K, Canziani R, Turolla A, Ficara E. Metal-based flocculation to harvest microalgae: a look beyond separation efficiency. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149395. [PMID: 34426344 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal-based flocculants are commonly used for biomass harvesting in microalgae-based bio-refineries. Besides the high separation efficiency, additional aspects should be considered, related to the toxicity of metals for the algal biomass. Partitioning tests for commonly used flocculants (i.e., FeCl3 and Al2(SO4)3) showed that metals were mostly transferred to the solid phase with more than 95% of dosed metal ending up into the biomass, and low metal concentrations in the liquid effluent (lower than 0.4 mg L-1 for both metals), thus allowing for water reuse. Photosynthesis inhibition was tested on microalgae and microalgae-bacteria cultures, using a standardized photo-respirometry protocol in which typical concentrations used during coagulation-flocculation were assessed. Modelling dose-response curves, concentrations corresponding to 50% inhibition (IC50) were obtained, describing short-term effects. The obtained IC50 ranged from 13.7 to 28.3 mg Al L-1 for Al, and from 127.9 to 195.8 mg Fe L-1 for Fe, showing a higher toxicity for the Al-based flocculant. The recovery of photosynthesis inhibition was also quantified, to evaluate the possibility of reusing/recycling the harvested biomass. The results highlighted that the residual photosynthetic activities, evaluated after 1 h and 24 h of exposure to metals were partially recovered, especially for Al, passing from 67.3% to 94.6% activity, respectively, while long-term Fe effects were stronger (passing from 64.9% to 77.6% activity). A non-toxic flocculant (cationic starch) was finally tested, excluding potential effects due to biomass aggregation, as the reduction of photosynthetic activity only reached 3.4%, compared to control. Relevant modifications to the light availability and the optical properties of algal suspensions were assessed, identifying a strong effect of iron which caused an increase of the light absorbance up to approximately 40% at high Fe concentrations. Possible implications of dosing metallic flocculants in MBWWT processes are discussed, and suggestions are given to perform inhibition tests on flocculating chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rossi
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - S Visigalli
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - F Castillo Cascino
- Istituto Sperimentale Italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani, Località La Quercia, 26027 Rivolta d'Adda, Italy
| | - M Mantovani
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), P.zza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - V Mezzanotte
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), P.zza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - K Parati
- Istituto Sperimentale Italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani, Località La Quercia, 26027 Rivolta d'Adda, Italy
| | - R Canziani
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - A Turolla
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - E Ficara
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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16
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Mainardis M, Buttazzoni M, Cottes M, Moretti A, Goi D. Respirometry tests in wastewater treatment: Why and how? A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148607. [PMID: 34182438 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Respirometry tests are a widely employed method in wastewater treatment field to characterize wastewater streams, assess toxic/inhibitory effects to the biomass, calibrate mathematical models. Respirometry can allow to fractionize the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in biodegradable and inert fractions, but also provide information related to biomass kinetics and stoichiometry through standardized laboratory techniques. Considering the increasing number of emerging contaminants detected in wastewater effluents, such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products and pesticides, respirometry can be a useful tool to promptly assess any toxic or inhibitory effect in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) operations. Beside conventional activated sludge (CAS), in recent years respirometric methods have been applied to innovative fields, such as moving-bed bio-reactors (MBBRs), fungi and microalgae, exploiting natural remediation methods. In particular, respirometry application to microalgae, through the so-called photo-respirometry, has been investigated in the latest years in the treatment of high-nutrient loaded streams, allowing resource recovery in biomass form. In this work, respirometric methods are first introduced from a theoretical basis and then critically discussed by considering the experimental apparatus, the available characterization protocols and the fields of application; the most recent literature findings on respirometry are coupled with authors' experience in the field. A comparison between physicochemical methods and respirometry is made, considering common protocols for WWTP modelling and calibration. The future research needed on the topic is finally outlined, including the coupling of respirometry with microbial community analysis, potentially leading to an enhanced process understanding, an extended respirometry utilization to get specific kinetic and stoichiometric parameters for modelling purposes, and a wider respirometry application as diagnosis tool in WWTP operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matia Mainardis
- Department Polytechnic of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Marco Buttazzoni
- Department Polytechnic of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Mattia Cottes
- Department Polytechnic of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Moretti
- Department Polytechnic of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Goi
- Department Polytechnic of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, 33100 Udine, Italy
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17
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Renuka N, Ratha SK, Kader F, Rawat I, Bux F. Insights into the potential impact of algae-mediated wastewater beneficiation for the circular bioeconomy: A global perspective. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113257. [PMID: 34303940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Algae-based technologies are one of the emerging solutions to societal issues such as accessibility to clean water and carbon-neutral energy and are a contender for the circular bioeconomy. In this review, recent developments in the use of different algal species for nutrient recovery and biomass production in wastewater, challenges, and future perspectives have been addressed. The ratio and bioavailability of nutrients in wastewater are vital parameters, which significantly impact nutrient recovery efficiency and algal biomass production. However, the optimum nutrient concentration and ratio may vary depending upon the microalgal species as well as cultivation conditions. The use of indigenous algae and algae-based consortia with other microorganisms has been proved promising in improving nutrient recovery efficiency and biomass production in pilot scale operations. However, environmental and cultivation conditions also play a significant role in determining the feasibility of the process. This review further focused on the assessment of the potential benefits of algal biomass production, renewable biofuel generation, and CO2 sequestration using wastewater in different countries on the basis of available data on wastewater generation and estimated nutrient contents. It was estimated that 5-10% replacement of fossil crude requirement with algal biofuels would require ~952-1903 billion m3 of water, 10-21 billion tons of nitrogen, and 2-4 billion tons of phosphorus fertilizers. In this context, coupling wastewater treatment and algal biomass production seem to be the most sustainable option with potential global benefits of polishing wastewater through nutrients recycling and carbon dioxide sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Renuka
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P.O Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Sachitra Kumar Ratha
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P.O Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Phycology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - Farzana Kader
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P.O Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Ismail Rawat
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P.O Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Faizal Bux
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, P.O Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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18
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Assuaging Microalgal Harvesting Woes via Attached Growth: A Critical Review to Produce Sustainable Microalgal Feedstock. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132011159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Third-generation biofuels that are derived from microalgal biomass have gained momentum as a way forward in the sustainable production of biodiesel. Such efforts are propelled by the intention to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels as the primary source of energy. Accordingly, growing microalgal biomass in the form of suspended cultivation has been a conventional technique for the past few decades. To overcome the inevitable harvesting shortcomings arising from the excessive energy and time needed to separate the planktonic microalgal cells from water medium, researchers have started to explore attached microalgal cultivation systems. This cultivation mode permits the ease of harvesting mature microalgal biomass, circumventing the need to employ complex harvesting techniques to single out the cells, and is economically attractive. However, the main bottleneck associated with attached microalgal growth is low biomass production due to the difficulties the microalgal cells have in forming attachment and populating thereafter. In this regard, the current review encompasses the novel techniques adopted to promote attached microalgal growth. The physicochemical effects such as the pH of the culture medium, hydrophobicity, as well as the substratum surface properties and abiotic factors that can determine the fate of exponential growth of attached microalgal cells, are critically reviewed. This review aims to unveil the benefits of an attached microalgal cultivation system as a promising harvesting technique to produce sustainable biodiesel for lasting applications.
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19
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Daneshvar E, Sik Ok Y, Tavakoli S, Sarkar B, Shaheen SM, Hong H, Luo Y, Rinklebe J, Song H, Bhatnagar A. Insights into upstream processing of microalgae: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 329:124870. [PMID: 33652189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide insights into the upstream processing of microalgae, and to highlight the advantages of each step. This review discusses the most important steps of the upstream processing in microalgae research such as cultivation modes, photobioreactors design, preparation of culture medium, control of environmental factors, supply of microalgae seeds and monitoring of microalgal growth. An extensive list of bioreactors and their working volumes used, elemental composition of some well-known formulated cultivation media, different types of wastewater used for microalgal cultivation and environmental variables studied in microalgae research has been compiled in this review from the vast literature. This review also highlights existing challenges and knowledge gaps in upstream processing of microalgae and future research needs are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Daneshvar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program and Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Samad Tavakoli
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Hui Hong
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Xinghua Industrial Research Centre for Food Science and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Xinghua, Jiangsu 225700, China
| | - Yongkang Luo
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Xinghua Industrial Research Centre for Food Science and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Xinghua, Jiangsu 225700, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; University of Sejong, Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheol Song
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland.
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20
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Casagli F, Rossi S, Steyer JP, Bernard O, Ficara E. Balancing Microalgae and Nitrifiers for Wastewater Treatment: Can Inorganic Carbon Limitation Cause an Environmental Threat? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:3940-3955. [PMID: 33657315 PMCID: PMC8028045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The first objective of this study is to assess the predictive capability of the ALBA (ALgae-BActeria) model for a pilot-scale (3.8 m2) high-rate algae-bacteria pond treating agricultural digestate. The model, previously calibrated and validated on a one-year data set from a demonstrative-scale raceway (56 m2), successfully predicted data from a six-month monitoring campaign with a different wastewater (urban wastewater) under different climatic conditions. Without changing any parameter value from the previous calibration, the model accurately predicted both online monitored variables (dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature) and off-line measurements (nitrogen compounds, algal biomass, total and volatile suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand). Supported by the universal character of the model, different scenarios under variable weather conditions were tested, to investigate the effect of key operating parameters (hydraulic retention time, pH regulation, kLa) on algae biomass productivity and nutrient removal efficiency. Surprisingly, despite pH regulation, a strong limitation for inorganic carbon was found to hinder the process efficiency and to generate conditions that are favorable for N2O emission. The standard operating parameters have a limited effect on this limitation, and alkalinity turns out to be the main driver of inorganic carbon availability. This investigation offers new insights in algae-bacteria processes and paves the way for the identification of optimal operational strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Casagli
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale (DICA), Politecnico di Milano, 32, Piazza L. da Vinci, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Institut
National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), Biocore,
Université Cote d’Azur, 2004, Route des Lucioles − BP 93, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Simone Rossi
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale (DICA), Politecnico di Milano, 32, Piazza L. da Vinci, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Olivier Bernard
- Institut
National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), Biocore,
Université Cote d’Azur, 2004, Route des Lucioles − BP 93, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Elena Ficara
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale (DICA), Politecnico di Milano, 32, Piazza L. da Vinci, 20133 Milan, Italy
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21
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Casagli F, Zuccaro G, Bernard O, Steyer JP, Ficara E. ALBA: A comprehensive growth model to optimize algae-bacteria wastewater treatment in raceway ponds. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116734. [PMID: 33373944 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a new model describing the algae-bacteria ecosystem evolution in an outdoor raceway for wastewater treatment. The ALBA model is based on mass balances of COD, C, N and P, but also H and O. It describes growth and interactions among algae, heterotrophic and nitrifying bacteria, while local climate drives light and temperature. Relevant chemical/physical processes are also included. The minimum-law was used as ground principle to describe the multi-limitation kinetics. The model was set-up and calibrated with an original data set recorded on a 56 m2 raceway located in the South of France, continuously treating synthetic wastewater. The main process variables were daily measured along 443 days of operations and dissolved O2 and pH were on-line recorded. A sub-dataset was used for calibration and the model was successfully validated, along the different seasons over a period of 414 days. The model proved to be effective in reproducing both the short term nycthemeral dynamics and the long-term seasonal ones. The analysis of different scenarios reveals the fate of nitrogen and the key role played by oxygen and CO2 in the interactions between the different players of the ecosystem. On average, the process turns out to be CO2 neutral, as compared to a standard activated sludge where approximately half of the influent carbon will end up in the atmosphere. The ALBA model revealed that a suboptimal regulation of the paddle wheel can bring to several detrimental impacts. At high velocity, the strong aeration will reduce the available oxygen provided by photo-oxygenation, while very low aeration can rapidly lead to oxygen inhibition of the photosynthetic process. On the other hand, during night, the paddle wheel is fundamental to ensure enough oxygen in the system to support algal-bacteria respiration. The model can be used to support advanced control strategies, including smart regulation of the paddle wheel velocity to more efficiently balance the mixing, aeration and degassing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Casagli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dip. di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale (DICA), Piazza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Zuccaro
- INRAE, Univ Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des étangs, Narbonne, France
| | | | | | - Elena Ficara
- Politecnico di Milano, Dip. di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale (DICA), Piazza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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22
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González-Camejo J, Robles A, Seco A, Ferrer J, Ruano MV. On-line monitoring of photosynthetic activity based on pH data to assess microalgae cultivation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 276:111343. [PMID: 32942218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae performance of outdoor cultivation systems is influenced by environmental and operating dynamics. Monitoring and control systems are needed to maximise biomass productivity and nutrient recovery. The goal of this work was to corroborate that pH data could be used to monitor microalgae performance by means of data from an outdoor membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) plant. In this system, microalgae photosynthetic activity was favoured over other physical and biological processes, so that the pH data dynamics was theoretically related to the microalgae carbon uptake rate (CUR). Short- and long-term continuous operations were tested to corroborate the relationship between the first derivate of pH data dynamics (pH') and microalgae photosynthetic activity. Short-term operations showed a good correlation between gross pH' values and MPBR performance. An indicator of the maximum daily average microalgae activity was assessed by a combination of on-line pH' measurements obtained in the long-term and a microalgae growth kinetic model. Both indicators contributed to the development of advanced real-time monitoring and control systems to optimise microalgae cultivation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J González-Camejo
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - A Robles
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Seco
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Ferrer
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - M V Ruano
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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23
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Cheng P, Chu R, Zhang X, Song L, Chen D, Zhou C, Yan X, Cheng JJ, Ruan R. Screening of the dominant Chlorella pyrenoidosa for biofilm attached culture and feed production while treating swine wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124054. [PMID: 32892026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This research 12 microalgal species were screened for biofilm attached culture in the treatment of anaerobically digested swine wastewater (ADSW). The influence of ADSW on biomass productivity and removal efficiencies were evaluated using biofilm attached culture with the selected Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The variation of nutritional components from algal cells were further analysed to evaluate the potential applications of C. pyrenoidosa. The results showed that C. pyrenoidosa had the highest tolerance to ADSW, and the highest removal efficiencies for wastewater pollutants were reached when cultured in 5 times diluted ADSW. These test conditions resulted in an algal cell biomass composed of 57.30% proteins, 14.87% extracellular polysaccharide, 3.08% crude fibre, 5.57% crude ash, 2.85% moisture. Amino acids in proteins contained 21.73% essential amino acids and the EAA/NEAA value was 0.64. The essential amino acid score indicates that the selected C. pyrenoidosa could be a good protein source for feed addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cheng
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ruirui Chu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xuezhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lirong Song
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dongjie Chen
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jay J Cheng
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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24
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Sánchez Zurano A, Gómez Serrano C, Acién-Fernández FG, Fernández-Sevilla JM, Molina-Grima E. Modeling of photosynthesis and respiration rate for microalgae-bacteria consortia. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:952-962. [PMID: 33179264 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the influence of culture conditions (irradiance, temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen) on the photosynthesis and the respiration rates of microalgae-bacteria consortia in wastewater treatment was analyzed. Specifically, some short photo-respirometric experiments, simulating outdoor raceway reactors, were performed to evaluate the response of microalgae, heterotrophic bacteria, and nitrifying bacteria to variations in environmental parameters. Results demonstrate that irradiance is the most dominant variable to determine microalgae photosynthesis rates. However, reduction in microalgae activity was not observed at higher irradiance, ruling out the existence of photoinhibition phenomena. Related to heterotrophic and nitrifying bacteria, their activities were strongly affected by the influence of temperature and pH. Moreover, the effect of dissolved oxygen concentrations on microalgae, and bacteria activities was studied, displaying a reduced photosynthetic rate at dissolved oxygen concentrations above 20 mg/L. Data have been used to develop an integrated model for each population (microalgae, heterotrophic bacteria, and nitrifying bacteria) based on considering the simultaneous influence of irradiance, temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen. The models fit the experimental results in the range of culture conditions tested, and they were validated using data obtained by the simultaneous modifications of the variables. These individual models serve as a basis for developing a global biologic microalgae-bacteria model for wastewater treatment to improve the optimal design and management of microalgae-based processes, especially outdoors, where the cultures are subject to variable daily culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sánchez Zurano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almeria, Almería, Spain
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25
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Choudhary P, Assemany PP, Naaz F, Bhattacharya A, Castro JDS, Couto EDADC, Calijuri ML, Pant KK, Malik A. A review of biochemical and thermochemical energy conversion routes of wastewater grown algal biomass. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:137961. [PMID: 32334349 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are recognized as a potential source of biomass for obtaining bioenergy. However, the lack of studies towards economic viability and environmental sustainability of the entire production chain limits its large-scale application. The use of wastewaters economizes natural resources used for algal biomass cultivation. However, desirable biomass characteristics for a good fuel may be impaired when wastewaters are used, namely low lipid content and high ash and protein contents. Thus, the choice of wastewaters with more favorable characteristics may be one way of obtaining a more balanced macromolecular composition of the algal biomass and therefore, a more suitable feedstock for the desired energetic route. The exploration of biorefinery concept and the use of wastewaters as culture medium are considered as the main strategic tools in the search of this viability. Considering the economics of overall process, direct utilization of wet biomass using hydrothermal liquefaction or hydrothermal carbonization and anaerobic digestion is recommended. Among the explored routes, anaerobic digestion is the most studied process. However, some main challenges remain as little explored, such as a low energy pretreatment and suitable and large-scale reactors for algal biomass digestion. On the other hand, thermochemical conversion routes offer better valorization of the algal biomass but have higher costs. A biorefinery combining anaerobic digestion, hydrothermal carbonization and hydrothermal liquefaction processes would provide the maximum possible output from the biomass depending on its characteristics. Therefore, the choice must be made in an integrated way, aiming at optimizing the quality of the final product to be obtained. Life cycle assessment studies are critical for scaling up of any algal biomass valorization technique for sustainability. Although there are limitations, suitable integrations of these processes would enable to make an economically feasible process which require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Choudhary
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, IIT Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Paula Peixoto Assemany
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa/Civil Engineering Department, Avenida PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Farah Naaz
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, IIT Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Arghya Bhattacharya
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, IIT Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Jackeline de Siqueira Castro
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa/Civil Engineering Department, Avenida PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo de Aguiar do Couto Couto
- Universidade Federal de Itajubá/Itabira campus, Instituto de Ciências Puras e Aplicadas, Rua Irmã Ivone Drummond, 200, 35903-087 Itabira, MG, Brazil.
| | - Maria Lúcia Calijuri
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa/Civil Engineering Department, Avenida PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Kamal Kishore Pant
- Catalytic Reaction Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Anushree Malik
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, IIT Delhi, 110016, India.
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