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Fazzino F, Frontera P, Malara A, Pedullà A, Calabrò PS. Effects of carbon-based conductive materials on semi-continuous anaerobic co-digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste and waste activated sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142077. [PMID: 38643843 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and waste activated sludge (WAS) are the most produced organic waste streams in urban centres. Their anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) allows to generate methane (CH4) and digestate employable as renewable energy source and soil amendment, respectively, fully in accordance with circular bioeconomy principles. However, the widespread adoption of such technology is limited by relatively low CH4 yields that fail to bridge the gap between benefits and costs. Among strategies to boost AcoD of OFMSW and WAS, use of conductive materials (CMs) to promote interspecies electron transfer has gained increasing attention. This paper presents one of the few experimental attempts of investigating the effects of four different carbon(C)-based CMs (i.e., granular activated carbon - GAC, graphite - GR, graphene oxide - GO, and carbon nanotubes - CNTs) separately added in semi-continuous AcoD of OFMSW and thickened WAS. The presence of C-based CMs has been observed to improve CH4 yield of the control process. Specifically, after 63 days of operation (concentrations of GAC and GR of 10.0 g/L and of GO and CNTs of 0.2 g/L), 0.186 NL/gVS, 0.191 NL/gVS, 0.203 NL/gVS, and 0.195 NL/gVS of CH4 were produced in reactors supplemented with GAC, GR, GO, and CNTs, respectively, compared to 0.177 NL/gVS produced in the control process. Likewise, at the end of the test (i.e., after 105 days at concentrations of C-based CMs half of the initial ones), CH4 yields were 0.193 NL/gVS, 0.201 NL/gVS, 0.211 NL/gVS, and 0.206 NL/gVS in reactors supplemented with GAC, GR, GO, and CNTs, respectively, compared to 0.186 NL/gVS of the control process. Especially with regard to GR, GO, and CNTs, results obtained in the present study represent a significant advance of the knowledge on the effects of such C-based CMs to realistic and scalable AD process conditions respect to previous literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Fazzino
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria, 6, Catania, Italy
| | - Patrizia Frontera
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Via Zehender, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Angela Malara
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Via Zehender, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Altea Pedullà
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Via Zehender, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Paolo S Calabrò
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Via Zehender, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
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Ma Y, Liu S, Cui L, Fei Q, Wang Q. Turning food waste to microbial lipid towards a superb economic and environmental sustainability: An innovative integrated biological route. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119125. [PMID: 38740293 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
With the drastic growth of the economic and population, the global energy requirement is on the rise, and massive human and material resources have been put into the development of alternative and renewable energy sources. Biodiesel has been recognized as a green and sustainable alternative energy, but the raw materials-associated source and cost makes it difficult to achieve large-scale commercial production. Microbial lipids (ML) produced by oleaginous microbes have attracted more and more topics as feedstocks for biodiesel production because of their unique advantages (fast growth cycle, small footprint and so on). However, there are still many problems and challenges ahead towards commercialization of ML-based biodiesel, especially the cost of feedstock for ML production. Food waste (FW) rich in organic matters and nutrients is an excellent and almost zero-cost feedstock for ML production. However, current biological routes of FW-based ML production have some defects, which make it impossible to achieve full industrialization at present. Therefore, this review intends to provide a critical and comprehensive analysis of current biological routes of FW-based ML production with the focus on the challenges and solutions forward. The biological routes towards future FW-based ML production must be able to concurrently achieve economic feasibility and environmental sustainability. On this condition, an innovative integrated biological route for FW-based ML production has thus been put forward, which is also elucidated on its economic and environmental sustainability. Moreover, the prospective advantages, limitations and challenges for future scale-up of FW-based ML production have also been outlined, together with the perspectives and directions forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqun Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of C1 Compound Bioconversion Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Shiman Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Lihui Cui
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qiang Fei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of C1 Compound Bioconversion Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Qunhui Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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Wang Y, Du B, Wu G. Powdered activated carbon facilitated degradation of complex organic compounds and tetracycline in stressed anaerobic digestion systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 400:130672. [PMID: 38583675 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Tetracycline exerts an inhibitory effect on anaerobic digestion, inducing stressed microbial activities and even system failure. Continuous-flow reactors (CFRs) and sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were employed along with the dosage of powdered activated carbon (PAC) to enhance tetracycline removal during anaerobic digestion of complex organic compounds. PAC increased the maximum methane production rate by 15.6% (CFRs) and 13.8% (SBRs), and tetracycline biodegradation by 24.4% (CFRs) and 19.2% (SBRs). CFRs showed higher tetracycline removal and methane production rates than SBRs. Geobacter was enriched in CFRs, where Methanothrix was enriched with the addition of PAC. Desulfomicrobium harbored abundant propionate degradation-related genes, significantly correlating with tetracycline removal. The genes encoding carbon dioxide reduction in Methanothrix along with the detection of Geobacter might indicate direct interspecies electron transfer for methanogenesis in CFRs and PAC-added reactors. The study offers new insights into anaerobic digestion under tetracycline-stressed conditions and strategies for optimizing tetracycline removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyin Wang
- Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Bang Du
- Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Guangxue Wu
- Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland.
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Yuan T, Sun R, Miao Q, Wang X, Xu Q. Analysing the mechanism of food waste anaerobic digestion enhanced by iron oxide in a continuous two-stage process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 171:610-620. [PMID: 37832210 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The food waste (FW) digestion performance can be enhanced by introducing iron oxide (IO) into digesters. However, the role of IO in continuous two-stage digesters in enhancing the FW anaerobic digestion remains unclear. In this study, the effect of IO on the bioenergy recovery from a two-stage digestion process was investigated. The bioenergy recovery was significantly increased by up to 208.43 % with IO addition. The activities of dehydrogenase, α-amylase, and protease increase by 0.82-1.44, 7.24-14.56 and 7.97-20.45 times, respectively, as compared with that of the blank. With IO addition, the metabolic pathway in hydrolytic-acidogenic (HA) reactor shifted from lactic acid fermentation to butyric fermentation, which promoted stable methane production in methanogenic (MG) reactor. The activity of coenzyme F420 increased by 19.19-39.01 times, indicating that IO facilitated FW digestion by promoting hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. The enhancement in the enzyme activity was attributable to the Fe2+ generated by dissimilatory iron reduction. According to the microbial analysis, IO enhanced interspecies hydrogen transfer between Methanobacterium and Syntrophomonas. Furthermore, IO improved direct interspecies electron transfer between Geobacter sulfurreducens and Methanosarcina. The effluent recirculation strategy greatly facilitated the hydrolysis and acidification of FW, which was critical for improving the two-stage process performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugui Yuan
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Ran Sun
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Qianming Miao
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xue Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Qiyong Xu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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Gao Q, Li L, Wang K, Zhao Q. Mass Transfer Enhancement in High-Solids Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes: A Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1084. [PMID: 37760186 PMCID: PMC10525600 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing global population and urbanization have led to a pressing need for effective solutions to manage the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). High-solids anaerobic digestion (HS-AD) has garnered attention as a sustainable technology that offers reduced water demand and energy consumption, and an increased biogas production rate. However, challenges such as rheology complexities and slow mass transfer hinder its widespread application. To address these limitations, this review emphasizes the importance of process optimization and the mass transfer enhancement of HS-AD, and summarizes various strategies for enhancing mass transfer in the field of HS-AD for the OFMSW, including substrate pretreatments, mixing strategies, and the addition of biochar. Additionally, the incorporation of innovative reactor designs, substrate pretreatment, the use of advanced modeling and simulation techniques, and the novel conductive materials need to be investigated in future studies to promote a better coupling between mass transfer and methane production. This review provides support and guidance to promote HS-AD technology as a more viable solution for sustainable waste management and resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Hu Y, Wang X, Zhang S, Liu S, Hu T, Wang X, Wang C, Wu J, Xu L, Xu G, Hu F. Microbial response behavior to powdered activated carbon in high-solids anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste: Metabolism and functional prediction analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 337:117756. [PMID: 36934497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) can not only treat organic waste, but also recycle energy. However, high-solids AD of kitchen waste usually failed due to excessive acidification. In this study, the effect of activated carbon (AC) on kitchen waste AD performance was investigated under high-solids conditions (total solids contents = 15%). The results showed that efficiencies of acidogenesis and methanogenesis were promoted in presence of moderate concentration (50 g/L > AC >5 g/L), but high concentration (AC >70 g/L) weakened AD performance. Moreover, AC addition enhanced the methane production rate from 66.0 mL/g VS to 231.50 mL/g VS, i.e., up to 250.7%. High-throughput sequencing results demonstrated that the abundance of electroactive DMER64 increased from less than 1%-29.7% (20 g/L AC). As AC gradually increased,aceticlastic methanogenesis changed to hydrogenotrophic pathway. Predicted functional analysis indicated that AC can enhance abundances of energy and inorganic ion metabolism, resulting in high methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Hu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Shihao Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Susu Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Tengfang Hu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Chuqiao Wang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Li Xu
- JiangXi Water Science Detecting and Researching Co., Ltd., Jingdezhen, 333000, China
| | - Gaoping Xu
- JiangXi Water Science Detecting and Researching Co., Ltd., Jingdezhen, 333000, China
| | - Fengping Hu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Wang L, Zhu L, Pan S, Wang S. Low-carbon emitting university campus achieved via anaerobic digestion of canteen food wastes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 335:117533. [PMID: 36812683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
University campuses of China accommodate over 30 million students and consume a large amount of fossil fuel energy, leading to high carbon emission. Implementation of bioenergy (e.g. biomethane) is one of promising ways to mitigate emission and foster low-carbon emitting campus. Biomethane potential from anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste (FW) in 2344 universities of 353 cities of mainland China have been estimated herein. Results have shown that 1.74 million tons of FW are discharged from campus canteens annually, that can generate 195.8 million m3 biomethane and reduce 0.77 million ton CO2-eq. Wuhan, Zhengzhou, and Guangzhou are the top three cities having the most biomethane potential from campus FW, accounting up to 8.92, 7.89, and 7.28 million m3 year-1, respectively. Technical challenges and solutions have been summarized and discussed such as FW purity, accumulation of ammonia and fatty acid, foaming, and plant site selection. Low-carbon campuses are supposed to be achieved by using bioenergy, like biomethane, in appropriate ways after resolving technical and management challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lianlian Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuai Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shunli Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Gao Q, Li L, Zhao Q, Wang K, Zhou H, Wang W, Ding J. Insights into high-solids anaerobic digestion of food waste concomitant with sorbate: Performance and mechanisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 381:129159. [PMID: 37164229 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
High-solids anaerobic digestion (HS-AD) of food waste is increasingly applied commercially. Sorbate, a food preservative extensively used in the food industry, induces potential environmental risks. Results indicated sorbate at 0-10 mg/g VS slightly inhibited methane production, and the cumulative methane yield suggested a negative correlation with 25 mg/g VS sorbate, with a reduction of 15.0% compared to the control (from 285.7 to 253.6 mL CH4/g VS). The reduction in methane yield could be ascribed to the promotion of solubilization and inhibition of acidogenesis and methanogenesis with sorbate addition. Excessive sorbate (25 mg/g VS) resulted in the inhibition of aceticlastic metabolism and the key enzymes activities (e.g., acetate kinase and coenzyme F420). This study deeply elucidated the response mechanism of HS-AD to sorbate, supplemented the potential ecological risk assessment of sorbate, and could provide insights to further prevent the potential risk of sorbate in anaerobic digestion of FW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Lili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Weiye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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Wang H, Wang Z, Deng J, Wang J, Gao Y. Conductive black carbon promoted biotransformation of undissolved 2, 2'-dinitrobiphenyl by mediating electron transfer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163619. [PMID: 37080299 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
With low bioaccessbility, persistence of the undissolved organic pollutants in soil and sediments poses threat to health of the resident. Although ubiquitous black carbon catalyzes a wide range of biogeochemical reactions in nature, its role in biotransformation of the compounds in non-aqueous phase like 2, 2'-nitrobiphenyl remains unclear. Reduction rate constants of 2, 2'-dinitrobiphenyl by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 increased from 0.0044 h-1 by 7-fold to 0.035 h-1 in the presence of black carbons produced at pyrolysis temperature of 250-900 °C. Accordingly, electrical conductivity of black carbon was enhanced from 0 to 5.56 S∙cm-1. The reactivity of black carbon for catalyzing the biotransformation positively correlated with its electrical conductivity (R2 > 0.89), which was strongly associated with conductive graphitic clusters in it. The surface oxygenated groups in black carbon were likely not involved in the bioreduction. This work attaches importance to role of the ubiquitous black carbon in natural biotransformation of the undissolved pollutants, and elucidates new mechanism for the biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefei Wang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zeming Wang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jibao Deng
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Ruan R, Wu H, Yu C, Zhao C, Zhou D, Shi X, Cao J, Huang B, Luo J. Impacts of magnetic biochar from reed straw on anaerobic digestion of pigment sludge: Biomethane production and the transformation of heavy metals speciation. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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