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Romo E, Torres M, Martin-Solano S. Current situation of snakebites envenomation in the Neotropics: Biotechnology, a versatile tool in the production of antivenoms. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.04.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenomation is a neglected tropical disease that affects millions of people around the world with a great impact on health and the economy. Unfortunately, public health programs do not include this kind of disease as a priority in their social programs. Cases of snakebite envenomations in the Neotropics are inaccurate due to inadequate disease management from medical records to the choice of treatments. Victims of snakebite envenomation are primarily found in impoverished agricultural areas where remote conditions limit the availability of antivenom. Antivenom serum is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment used up to date. However, it has several disadvantages in terms of safety and effectiveness. This review provides a comprehensive insight dealing with the current epidemiological status of snakebites in the Neotropics and technologies employed in antivenom production. Also, modern biotechnological tools such as transcriptomic, proteomic, immunogenic, high-density peptide microarray and epitope mapping are highlighted for producing new-generation antivenom sera. These results allow us to propose strategic solutions in the Public Health Sector for managing this disease.
Keywords: antivenom, biotechnology, neglected tropical disease, omics, recombinant antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Romo
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Marbel Torres
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Immunology and Virology Laboratory, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Center, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Sarah Martin-Solano
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Zoonosis y Salud Pública, Universidad Central del Ecuador
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2
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Moteshareie H, Hassen WM, Vermette J, Dubowski JJ, Tayabali AF. Strategies for capturing Bacillus thuringiensis spores on surfaces of (001) GaAs-based biosensors. Talanta 2022; 236:122813. [PMID: 34635209 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is used as a bioinsecticide since it effectively kills insect larvae. Bt is also genetically similar to Bacillus cereus (Bc), a well recognized foodborne human pathogen; they are both members of the Bacillus cereus group (BC group). Although approved Bt bioinsecticide products have been confirmed to be non-pathogenic to humans, close monitoring of Bt during dissemination is important for cost considerations and to limit impact on biodiversity towards nontarget organisms. As such, developing rapid, sensitive, and specific tools for quantitative detection of Bt spores during and following spray operations is highly desirable. The goals of this study were to investigate commercially available detection reagents for sensitivity and selectivity in detecting Bt spores, and then functionalize a surface of (001) GaAs used in photonic biosensing. To achieve these goals, we (1) screened commercial antibodies for their capacity to bind recombinant proteins from Bt spores, (2) screened antibodies and aptamers for their sensitivity and selectivity against Bt spores, and (3) tested the efficiency of selected antibodies and aptamers in capturing Bt spores on the surface of functionalized GaAs biochips. Seven genes encoding Bt spore proteins were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The binding of each purified spore antigen was tested by commercially available polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies claimed to exclusively target spores. Of the seven targets, Bacillus collagen-like protein A, was the most abundant protein on Bt spores and demonstrated the strongest binding affinity to all test antibodies. The commercial antibodies (Abs) were also tested for specificity to BC Group versus non-BC Group spores. Three of six commercial antibodies showed selectivity to Bt spores, with recombinant Abs providing the most robust lower range of detection (102 to 6 × 103 spores/mL). The sensitivity and selectivity of three published DNA aptamer sequences demonstrated a wide range of detection sensitivity for Bt spores. Two of the three test aptamers also showed reasonable selectivity towards Bt spores while the third demonstrated reactivity to non-BC Group B. megaterium and B. subtilis. Of the reagents tested, a thiolated aptamer and llama recombinant Ab showed highest Bt spore capture efficiency as measured by spore coverage of the GaAs surface. These results confirm that the selected aptamer and llama rAb can be considered strong candidates for the development of GaAs-based biosensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Moteshareie
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Interdisciplinary Institute for Technological Innovation (3IT), CNRS UMI-3463, Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors and Photon-based BioNanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| | - Walid M Hassen
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Technological Innovation (3IT), CNRS UMI-3463, Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors and Photon-based BioNanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Vermette
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Technological Innovation (3IT), CNRS UMI-3463, Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors and Photon-based BioNanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jan J Dubowski
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Technological Innovation (3IT), CNRS UMI-3463, Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors and Photon-based BioNanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| | - Azam F Tayabali
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Interdisciplinary Institute for Technological Innovation (3IT), CNRS UMI-3463, Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors and Photon-based BioNanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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3
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Sharma P, Plant M, Lam SK, Chen Q. Kinetic analysis of antibody binding to integral membrane proteins stabilized in SMALPs. BBA ADVANCES 2021; 1:100022. [PMID: 37082021 PMCID: PMC10074945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2021.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental importance of membrane protein (MP) targets in central biological and cellular events has driven a marked increase in the use of membrane mimetics for exploring these proteins as therapeutic targets. The main challenge associated with biophysical analysis of membrane protein is the need for detergent extraction from the bilayer environment, which in many cases causes the proteins to become insoluble, unstable or display altered structure or activity. Recent technological advances have tried to limit the exposure of purified membrane protein to detergents. One such method involves the amphipathic co-polymer of styrene and maleic acid (SMA), which can release lipids and integral membrane proteins into water soluble native particles (or vesicles) termed SMALPs (Styrene Maleic Acid Lipid Particles). In this study, assay conditions that leverage SMA for membrane protein stabilization were developed to perform kinetic analysis of antibody binding to integral membrane protein and complexes in SMALPs in both purified and complex mixture settings using multiple biosensor platforms. To develop a robust and flexible platform using SMALPs technology, we optimized various SPR assay formats to analyze SMALPs produced with cell membrane pellets as well as whole cell lysates from the cell lines overexpressing membrane protein of interest. Here we emphasize the extraction of model membrane proteins of diverse architecture and function from native environments to encapsulate with SMALPs. Given the importance of selected membrane targets in central biological events and therapeutic relevance, MP-specific or tag-specific antibodies were used as a proof-of-principal to validate the SMALPs platform for ligand binding studies to support drug discovery or tool generation processes. MP-SMALPs that retain specific binding capability in multiple assay formats and biosensors, such as waveguide interferometry and surface plasmon resonance, would be a versatile platform for a wide range of downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Discovery Attribute Sciences, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320
- Corresponding author.
| | - Matthew Plant
- Discovery Attribute Sciences, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02141
| | - Sheung Kwan Lam
- Biologics, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Qing Chen
- Discovery Attribute Sciences, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320
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4
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Dong Y, Dai T, Wei Y, Zhang L, Zheng M, Zhou F. A systematic review of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:237. [PMID: 33051445 PMCID: PMC7551521 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging virus that is highly pathogenic and has caused the recent worldwide pandemic officially named coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Currently, considerable efforts have been put into developing effective and safe drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines, such as inactivated vaccines, nucleic acid-based vaccines, and vector vaccines, have already entered clinical trials. In this review, we provide an overview of the experimental and clinical data obtained from recent SARS-CoV-2 vaccines trials, and highlight certain potential safety issues that require consideration when developing vaccines. Furthermore, we summarize several strategies utilized in the development of vaccines against other infectious viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), with the aim of aiding in the design of effective therapeutic approaches against SARS-CoV-2.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Betacoronavirus/drug effects
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Vaccines
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Immunization Schedule
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/drug effects
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/immunology
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/pathogenicity
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Patient Safety
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Virus/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/drug effects
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/immunology
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/pathogenicity
- SARS-CoV-2
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/immunology
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/prevention & control
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/virology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- Vaccines, Attenuated
- Vaccines, DNA
- Vaccines, Subunit
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetian Dong
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tong Dai
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yujun Wei
- Anhui Anlong Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Hefei, 230041, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Min Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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5
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McPartlin DA, Murphy C, Fitzgerald J, Ma H, Regan F, O'Kennedy RJ. Understanding microcystin-LR antibody binding interactions using in silico docking and in vitro mutagenesis. Protein Eng Des Sel 2019; 32:533-542. [PMID: 32725153 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are a group of highly potent cyanotoxins that are becoming more widely distributed due to increased global temperatures and climate change. Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) is the most potent and most common variant, with a guideline limit of 1 μg/l in drinking water. We previously developed a novel avian single-chain fragment variable (scFv), designated 2G1, for use in an optical-planar waveguide detection system for microcystin determination. This current work investigates interactions between 2G1 and MC-LR at the molecular level through modelling with an avian antibody template and molecular docking by AutoDock Vina to identify key amino acid (AA) residues involved. These potential AA interactions were investigated in vitro by targeted mutagenesis, specifically, by alanine scanning mutations. Glutamic acid (E) was found to play a critical role in the 2G1-MC-LR binding interaction, with the heavy chain glutamic acid (E) 102 (H-E102) forming direct bonds with the arginine (R) residue of MC-LR. In addition, alanine mutation of light chain residue aspartic acid 57 (L-D57) led to an improvement in antigen-binding observed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). This work will contribute to improving the binding of recombinant anti-MC-LR to its antigen and aid in the development of a higher sensitivity harmful algal toxin diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Murphy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Jenny Fitzgerald
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Hui Ma
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Fiona Regan
- Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Richard J O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation and Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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6
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Ma H, Ó'Fágáin C, O'Kennedy R. Unravelling enhancement of antibody fragment stability – Role of format structure and cysteine modification. J Immunol Methods 2019; 464:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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7
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Murphy C, Stack E, Krivelo S, Breheny M, Ma H, O'Kennedy R. Enhancing recombinant antibody performance by optimally engineering its format. J Immunol Methods 2018; 463:127-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Peltomaa R, Glahn-Martínez B, Benito-Peña E, Moreno-Bondi MC. Optical Biosensors for Label-Free Detection of Small Molecules. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E4126. [PMID: 30477248 PMCID: PMC6308632 DOI: 10.3390/s18124126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Label-free optical biosensors are an intriguing option for the analyses of many analytes, as they offer several advantages such as high sensitivity, direct and real-time measurement in addition to multiplexing capabilities. However, development of label-free optical biosensors for small molecules can be challenging as most of them are not naturally chromogenic or fluorescent, and in some cases, the sensor response is related to the size of the analyte. To overcome some of the limitations associated with the analysis of biologically, pharmacologically, or environmentally relevant compounds of low molecular weight, recent advances in the field have improved the detection of these analytes using outstanding methodology, instrumentation, recognition elements, or immobilization strategies. In this review, we aim to introduce some of the latest developments in the field of label-free optical biosensors with the focus on applications with novel innovations to overcome the challenges related to small molecule detection. Optical label-free methods with different transduction schemes, including evanescent wave and optical fiber sensors, surface plasmon resonance, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and interferometry, using various biorecognition elements, such as antibodies, aptamers, enzymes, and bioinspired molecularly imprinted polymers, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Peltomaa
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Bettina Glahn-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Benito-Peña
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María C Moreno-Bondi
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Gandhi S, Banga I, Maurya PK, Eremin SA. A gold nanoparticle-single-chain fragment variable antibody as an immunoprobe for rapid detection of morphine by dipstick. RSC Adv 2018; 8:1511-1518. [PMID: 35540925 PMCID: PMC9077121 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12810j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based optical assays are of significant interest since the molecular phenomenon can be examined easily with change in the color of AuNPs. Herein, we report the development of a dipstick using a AuNP-labeled single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibody for the detection of morphine. The scFv antibodies for morphine were developed using phage display-based antibody library. Immunoglobulin variable regions of heavy (VH)- and light (VL)-chain genes were connected via a glycine–serine linker isolated from murine immune repertoire and cloned into the expression vector pIT2. The scFv was produced in Escherichia coli HB2151, yielding a functional protein with a molecular weight of approximately 32 kDa. The morphine scFv was labeled with gold nanoparticles and used as an optical immunoprobe in a dipstick. The competitive dipstick assay characterized the ability of the scFv antibody to recognize free morphine. The detection range was 1–1000 ng mL−1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 5 ng mL−1 under optimal conditions, and the IC50 value was 14 ng mL−1 for morphine. The developed optical dipstick kit of scFv antibody was capable of specifically binding to free morphine and its analogs in a solution in less than 5 min and could be useful for on-site screening of a real sample in blood, urine, and saliva. Dipstick device developed on the principle of lateral flow using gold nanoparticles for analysis of morphine in urine by morphine/scFv/immunoprobe.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Gandhi
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Amity University
- Noida-201313
- India
| | - Ivneet Banga
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Amity University
- Noida-201313
- India
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Amity University
- Noida-201313
- India
- Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo
| | - Sergei A. Eremin
- Faculty of Chemistry
- M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
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10
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Choudhary M, Yadav P, Singh A, Kaur S, Ramirez-Vick J, Chandra P, Arora K, Singh SP. CD 59 Targeted Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Immunosensor for Fast and Noninvasive Diagnosis of Oral Cancer. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Choudhary
- Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi- 110067 India
- Department of Human Genetics; Punjabi University, Patiala Punjab- 147002 India
| | - Prashant Yadav
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
| | - Anu Singh
- Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi- 110067 India
| | - Satbir Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics; Punjabi University, Patiala Punjab- 147002 India
| | - Jaime Ramirez-Vick
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering; Wright State University; Dayton OH 45435 USA
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology - Guwahati; Guwahati - 781039, Assam India
| | - Kavita Arora
- Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi- 110067 India
| | - Surinder P. Singh
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
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11
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Niesen J, Sack M, Seidel M, Fendel R, Barth S, Fischer R, Stein C. SNAP-Tag Technology: A Useful Tool To Determine Affinity Constants and Other Functional Parameters of Novel Antibody Fragments. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1931-41. [PMID: 27391930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody derivatives, such as the single chain fragment variable (scFv), can be developed as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in cancer research, especially in the form of fusion proteins. Such derivatives are easier to produce and modify than monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and achieve better tissue/tumor penetration. The genetic modification of scFvs is also much more straightforward than the challenging chemical modification of mAbs. Therefore, we constructed two scFvs derived from the approved monoclonal antibodies cetuximab (scFv2112) and panitumumab (scFv1711), both of which are specific for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a well-characterized solid tumor antigen. Both scFvs were genetically fused to the SNAP-tag, an engineered version of the human DNA repair enzyme O(6)-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase that allows the covalent coupling of benzylguanine (BG)-modified substrates such as fluorescent dyes. The SNAP-tag achieves controllable and irreversible protein modification and is an important tool for experimental studies in vitro and in vivo. The affinity constant of a scFv is a key functional parameter, especially in the context of a fusion protein. Therefore, we developed a method to define the affinity constants of scFv-SNAP fusion proteins by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. We could confirm that both scFvs retained their functionality after fusion to the SNAP-tag in a variety of procedures and assays, including ELISA, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. The experimental procedures described herein, and the new protocol for affinity determination by SPR spectroscopy, are suitable for the preclinical evaluation of diverse antibody formats and derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Niesen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Sack
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (Biology VII), RWTH Aachen University , 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Melanie Seidel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rolf Fendel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Barth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (Biology VII), RWTH Aachen University , 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Stein
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Abstract
Immunoglobulins (Ig) isotypes A, D, E, G, and M are glycoproteins which are mainly composed of a "Y"-shaped Ig monomer (~150 kDa), consisting of two light and two heavy chains. Both light and heavy chains contain variable (N-terminal) and constant regions (C-terminal). Each light chain consists of one variable domain and one constant domain, whereas each heavy chain has one variable domain and three constant domains. However, heavy-chain antibodies consisting of only heavy chains and lacking the light chains are found in camelids and cartilaginous fishes. Unlike other immunoglobulins, the heavy chain of avian antibody IgY (~180 kDa) consists of four constant domains. The single-chain variable fragment (scFv; ~25 kDa) of an antibody contains variable regions of antibody heavy and light chains. The fragment antigen-binding (Fab; ~50 kDa) region has the full antibody light chain but the heavy chain is composed of a variable region and one constant domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology and Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Quintero-Hernández V, Del Pozo-Yauner L, Pedraza-Escalona M, Juárez-González VR, Alcántara-Recillas I, Possani LD, Becerril B. Evaluation of three different formats of a neutralizing single chain human antibody against toxin Cn2: neutralization capacity versus thermodynamic stability. Immunol Lett 2012; 143:152-60. [PMID: 22306104 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) 6009F, obtained by directed evolution, neutralizes the effects of the Cn2 toxin, which is the major toxic component of Centruroides noxius scorpion venom. In this work we compared the neutralization capacity and the thermodynamic stability of scFv 6009F with those of two other derived formats: Fab 6009F and diabody 6009F. Additionally, the affinity constants to Cn2 toxin of the three recombinant antibody fragments were determined by means of BIAcore. We found a correlation between the thermodynamic stability of these antibody fragments with their neutralization capacity. The order of thermodynamic stability determined was Fab≫scFv>diabody. The Fab and scFv were capable of neutralizing the toxic effects of Cn2 and whole venom but the diabody was unable to fully neutralize intoxication. In silico analysis of the diabody format indicates that the reduction of stability and neutralization capacity could be explained by a less cooperative interface between the heavy and the light variable domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Quintero-Hernández
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico
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Recombinant antibodies and their use in biosensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:3027-38. [PMID: 22159424 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5569-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inexpensive, noninvasive immunoassays can be used to quickly detect disease in humans. Immunoassay sensitivity and specificity are decidedly dependent upon high-affinity, antigen-specific antibodies. Antibodies are produced biologically. As such, antibody quality and suitability for use in immunoassays cannot be readily determined or controlled by human intervention. However, the process through which high-quality antibodies can be obtained has been shortened and streamlined by use of genetic engineering and recombinant antibody techniques. Antibodies that traditionally take several months or more to produce when animals are used can now be developed in a few weeks as recombinant antibodies produced in bacteria, yeast, or other cell types. Typically most immunoassays use two or more antibodies or antibody fragments to detect antigens that are indicators of disease. However, a label-free biosensor, for example, a quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) needs one antibody only. As such, the cost and time needed to design and develop an immunoassay can be substantially reduced if recombinant antibodies and biosensors are used rather than traditional antibody and assay (e.g. enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, ELISA) methods. Unlike traditional antibodies, recombinant antibodies can be genetically engineered to self-assemble on biosensor surfaces, at high density, and correctly oriented to enhance antigen-binding activity and to increase assay sensitivity, specificity, and stability. Additionally, biosensor surface chemistry and physical and electronic properties can be modified to further increase immunoassay performance above and beyond that obtained by use of traditional methods. This review describes some of the techniques investigators have used to develop highly specific and sensitive, recombinant antibody-based biosensors for detection of antigens in simple or complex biological samples.
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Swain MD, Anderson GP, Serrano-González J, Liu JL, Zabetakis D, Goldman ER. Immunodiagnostic reagents using llama single domain antibody–alkaline phosphatase fusion proteins. Anal Biochem 2011; 417:188-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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SOH N, TANAKA M, HIRAKAWA K, ZHANG R, NAKAJIMA H, NAKANO K, IMATO T. Sequential Injection Immunoassay for Environmental Measurements. ANAL SCI 2011; 27:1069-76. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.27.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tamarit-López J, Morais S, Puchades R, Maquieira Á. Direct hapten-linked multiplexed immunoassays on polycarbonate surface. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:2694-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Scott N, Qazi O, Wright MJ, Fairweather NF, Deonarain MP. Characterisation of a panel of anti-tetanus toxin single-chain Fvs reveals cooperative binding. Mol Immunol 2010; 47:1931-41. [PMID: 20413159 PMCID: PMC2874839 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An approach for enhancing antibody affinity is to engineer Chelating Recombinant Antibodies (CRAbs) which consist of two tandemly linked single-chain Fvs (scFvs) that bind to distinct non-overlapping epitopes on the antigen molecule leading to a synergistic decrease in KD. In order to develop this technology, the aim of this present study was to identify scFvs which can simultaneously bind to the tetanus toxin heavy chain C-terminal sub-domain (Hc), characterise their bio-physical properties and determine their functional efficacy. Over 50 antibodies specific for Hc were isolated from a human scFv phagemid library and found to bind specifically to the C-terminal sub-domain of Hc (HcC clones), the N-terminal sub-domain (HcN clones) or junctional epitopes on the whole Hc fragment only (HcJ clones). Fifteen clones were assayed in a pairwise competition binding study. The revealed, with few exceptions, that HcC clones were able to simultaneously bind to the toxin with HcN or HcJ clones. All other combinations competed for binding. Interestingly, we also observed cooperative binding with many non-competing scFv pairings which may impact upon the binding mechanism of CRAbs. We found that 14/15 clones neutralised toxin activity in a ganglioside binding assay and this effect was strongly related to affinity. This included clones that did not bind to the HcC sub-domain which is responsible for direct interaction with gangliosides on nerve cells. For 7 scFvs that underwent further characterisation we found broad variations in propensity for multimerisation, affinity and potency. The diverse array of clones characterised in this paper can be used to construct CRAbs and will prove useful in further characterisation of toxin biology and in measuring the effects of polyclonal antibody therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Scott
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Tamarit-López J, Morais S, Bañuls MJ, Puchades R, Maquieira Á. Development of Hapten-Linked Microimmunoassays on Polycarbonate Discs. Anal Chem 2010; 82:1954-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902706t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Tamarit-López
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergi Morais
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - María-José Bañuls
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Puchades
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46071 Valencia, Spain
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Tanaka M, Sakamoto K, Nakajima H, Soh N, Nakano K, Masadome T, Imato T. Flow immunoassay for nonioinic surfactants based on surface plasmon resonance sensors. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:999-1005. [PMID: 19667477 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive immunoassay based on a surface plasmon resonance sensor in a flow system for the determination of alkylphenol polyethoxylate (APEO) is described. The method is based on an indirect competitive reaction between an anti-APEO antibody in the sample solution and APEO immobilized on a sensor chip and APEO in the same sample solution. A sensor chip was prepared by immobilizing an APEO-horseradish peroxidase (APEO-HRP) conjugate on the thin gold film of the sensor chip. The adsorption constants for the APEO-HRP conjugate on the sensor chip and the surface density of the APEO-HRP adsorbed on the sensor chip at the saturated state were estimated to be 4.7 x 10(5) M(-1) and 5.0 x 10(-14) mol/mm(2), respectively, using a Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation and results from the adsorption experiments. The affinity constants for the immunocomplexes of the anti-APEO antibody with the APEO conjugate on the sensor chip and for APEO in the sample solution were estimated to 2.0 x 10(6) and 5.1 x 10(6) M(-1), respectively. A typical sigmoid calibration curve for APEO was obtained in the concentration range from 1 ppb to 1000 ppb. The detection limit, defined as the concentration of APEO, at which 85% of the sensor signal was observed, was ca. 10 ppb. The assay was applied to the determination of APEO in tap water in conjunction with a solid phase extraction pretreatment; APEO levels of approximately 50 ppt were successfully determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Yuan J, Addo J, Aguilar MI, Wu Y. Surface plasmon resonance assay for chloramphenicol without surface regeneration. Anal Biochem 2009; 390:97-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Antibody-based sensors: principles, problems and potential for detection of pathogens and associated toxins. SENSORS 2009; 9:4407-45. [PMID: 22408533 PMCID: PMC3291918 DOI: 10.3390/s90604407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based sensors permit the rapid and sensitive analysis of a range of pathogens and associated toxins. A critical assessment of the implementation of such formats is provided, with reference to their principles, problems and potential for 'on-site' analysis. Particular emphasis is placed on the detection of foodborne bacterial pathogens, such as Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes, and additional examples relating to the monitoring of fungal pathogens, viruses, mycotoxins, marine toxins and parasites are also provided.
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Study on nonspecificity of an immuoassay using Eu-doped polystyrene nanoparticle labels. J Immunol Methods 2009; 345:80-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Revised: 03/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Conroy PJ, Hearty S, Leonard P, O’Kennedy RJ. Antibody production, design and use for biosensor-based applications. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2009; 20:10-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Kurita R, Nakamoto K, Ueda A, Niwa O. Comparison of Electrochemical and Surface Plasmon Resonance Immunosensor Responses on Single Thin Film. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kurita R, Yokota Y, Ueda A, Niwa O. Electrochemical Surface Plasmon Resonance Measurement in a Microliter Volume Flow Cell for Evaluating the Affinity and Catalytic Activity of Biomolecules. Anal Chem 2007; 79:9572-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac071412u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Kurita
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, and Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Yokota
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, and Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akio Ueda
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, and Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Osamu Niwa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, and Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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Leonard P, Säfsten P, Hearty S, McDonnell B, Finlay W, O'Kennedy R. High throughput ranking of recombinant avian scFv antibody fragments from crude lysates using the Biacore A100. J Immunol Methods 2007; 323:172-9. [PMID: 17532001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2007.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Revised: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Advances in molecular evolution strategies have made it possible to identify antibodies with exquisite specificities and also to fine-tune their biophysical properties for practically any specified application. Depending on the desired function, antibody/antigen interactions can be long-lived or short-lived and, therefore, particular attention is needed when seeking to identify antibodies with specific reaction-rate and affinity properties. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors routinely generate sensitive and reliable kinetic data from antibody/antigen interactions for both therapeutic and diagnostic applications. However, many kinetic-based screening assays require rigorous sample preparation and purification prior to analysis. To ameliorate this problem, we developed a rapid and reliable assay for characterising recombinant scFv antibody fragments, directly from crude bacterial lysates. Ninety-six scFv antibodies derived from chickens immunised with C-reactive protein (CRP) were selected by phage display and evaluated using the Biacore A100 protein interaction array system. Antibodies were captured from crude bacterial extracts on the sensor chip surface and ranked based on the percentage of the complex left (% left) after dissociation in buffer. Kinetic rate constants (k(a) and k(d)) and affinity (K(D)) data were obtained for six clones that bound monomeric CRP across a broad affinity range (2.54 x 10(-8) to 3.53 x 10(-10) M). Using this assay format the A100 biosensor yielded high quality kinetic data, permitting the screening of nearly 400 antibody clones per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Leonard
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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29
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Survey of the year 2006 commercial optical biosensor literature. J Mol Recognit 2007; 20:300-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Finlay WJJ, Shaw I, Reilly JP, Kane M. Generation of high-affinity chicken single-chain Fv antibody fragments for measurement of the Pseudonitzschia pungens toxin domoic acid. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:3343-9. [PMID: 16672476 PMCID: PMC1472335 DOI: 10.1128/aem.72.5.3343-3349.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based assay systems are now accepted by regulatory authorities for detection of the toxins produced by phytoplankton that accumulate in shellfish tissues. However, the generation of suitable antibodies for sensitive assay development remains a major challenge. We have examined the potential of using the chicken immune system to generate high-affinity, high-specificity recombinant antibody fragments against phytotoxins. Following immunization of the chicken with domoic acid-bovine serum albumin, a single-chain antibody variable region (scFv) gene library was generated from single V(H) and V(L) genes isolated from the immune cells in the spleen and bone marrow. scFvs reacting with domoic acid were isolated by phage display and affinity matured by light chain shuffling, resulting in an approximate 10-fold increase in sensitivity. The isolated scFvs were effectively expressed in Escherichia coli and readily purified by affinity chromatography. They were then used to develop a convenient and sensitive indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for domoic acid, with a 50% effective dose of 156 ng/ml, which could be used reliably with shellfish extracts. This study demonstrates that chickens provide a valuable model system for the simplified, rapid generation of high-affinity recombinant antibody fragments with specificity for small toxin molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J J Finlay
- National Diagnostics Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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