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Vercauteren R, Gevers C, Mahillon J, Francis LA. Design of a Porous Silicon Biosensor: Characterization, Modeling, and Application to the Indirect Detection of Bacteria. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:104. [PMID: 38392023 PMCID: PMC10886929 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The design of a porous silicon (PSi) biosensor is not often documented, but is of the upmost importance to optimize its performance. In this work, the motivation behind the design choices of a PSi-based optical biosensor for the indirect detection of bacteria via their lysis is detailed. The transducer, based on a PSi membrane, was characterized and models were built to simulate the analyte diffusion, depending on the porous nanostructures, and to optimize the optical properties. Once all performances and properties were analyzed and optimized, a theoretical response was calculated. The theoretical limit of detection was computed as 104 CFU/mL, based on the noise levels of the optical setup. The experimental response was measured using 106 CFU/mL of Bacillus cereus as model strain, lysed by bacteriophage-coded endolysins PlyB221. The obtained signal matched the expected response, demonstrating the validity of our design and models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roselien Vercauteren
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (R.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Clémentine Gevers
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (R.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Jacques Mahillon
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Laurent A. Francis
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (R.V.); (C.G.)
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2
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Maroli G, Abarintos V, Piper A, Merkoçi A. The Cleanroom-Free, Cheap, and Rapid Fabrication of Nanoelectrodes with Low zM Limits of Detection. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302136. [PMID: 37635265 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale electrodes have been a topic of intense research for many decades. Their enhanced sensitivities, born out of an improved signal-to-noise ratio as electrode dimensions decrease, make them ideal for the development of low-concentration analyte sensors. However, to date, nanoelectrode fabrication has typically required expensive equipment and exhaustive, time-consuming fabrication methods that have rendered them unsuitable for widespread use and commercialization. Herein, a method of nanoband electrode fabrication using low cost materials and equipment commonly found in research laboratories around the world is reported. The materials' cost to produce each nanoband is less than €0.01 and fabrication of a batch takes less than 1 h. The devices can be made of flexible plastics and their designs can be quickly and easily iterated. Facile methods of combining these nanobands into powerful devices, such as complete three-electrode systems, are also displayed. As a proof of concept, the electrodes are functionalized for the detection of a DNA sequence specific to SARS-CoV-2 and found to display single molecule sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Maroli
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), UAB Campus, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- UIDI-CONICET Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Buenos Aires, C1041AAJ, Argentina
| | - Vernalyn Abarintos
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), UAB Campus, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Andrew Piper
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), UAB Campus, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), UAB Campus, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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3
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Chen YS, Huang CH, Pai PC, Seo J, Lei KF. A Review on Microfluidics-Based Impedance Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13010083. [PMID: 36671918 PMCID: PMC9855525 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Electrical impedance biosensors are powerful and continuously being developed for various biological sensing applications. In this line, the sensitivity of impedance biosensors embedded with microfluidic technologies, such as sheath flow focusing, dielectrophoretic focusing, and interdigitated electrode arrays, can still be greatly improved. In particular, reagent consumption reduction and analysis time-shortening features can highly increase the analytical capabilities of such biosensors. Moreover, the reliability and efficiency of analyses are benefited by microfluidics-enabled automation. Through the use of mature microfluidic technology, complicated biological processes can be shrunk and integrated into a single microfluidic system (e.g., lab-on-a-chip or micro-total analysis systems). By incorporating electrical impedance biosensors, hand-held and bench-top microfluidic systems can be easily developed and operated by personnel without professional training. Furthermore, the impedance spectrum provides broad information regarding cell size, membrane capacitance, cytoplasmic conductivity, and cytoplasmic permittivity without the need for fluorescent labeling, magnetic modifications, or other cellular treatments. In this review article, a comprehensive summary of microfluidics-based impedance biosensors is presented. The structure of this article is based on the different substrate material categorizations. Moreover, the development trend of microfluidics-based impedance biosensors is discussed, along with difficulties and challenges that may be encountered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shih Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ching Pai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Jungmok Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kin Fong Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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4
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Stoukatch S, Dupont F, Redouté JM. Device Processing Challenges for Miniaturized Sensing Systems Targeting Biological Fluids. BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS & DEVICES 2022. [PMCID: PMC9510362 DOI: 10.1007/s44174-022-00034-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a review of device processing technologies used in the fabrication of biomedical systems, and highlights the requirements of advanced manufacturing technology. We focus on biomedical systems that perform diagnostics of fluidic specimens, with analytes that are in the liquid phase. In the introduction, we define biomedical systems as well as their versatile applications and the essential current trends. The paper gives an overview of the most important biomolecules that typically must be detected or analyzed in several applications. The paper is structured as follows. First, the conventional architecture and construction of a biosensing system is introduced. We provide an overview of the most common biosensing methods that are currently used for the detection of biomolecules and its analysis. We present an overview of reported biochips, and explain the technology of biofunctionalization and detection principles, including their corresponding advantages and disadvantages. Next, we introduce microfluidics as a method for delivery of the specimen to the biochip sensing area. A special focus lies on material requirements and on manufacturing technology for fabricating microfluidic systems, both for niche and mass-scale production segments. We formulate requirements and constraints for integrating the biochips and microfluidic systems. The possible impacts of the conventional microassembly techniques and processing methods on the entire biomedical system and its specific parts are also described. On that basis, we explain the need for alternative microassembly technologies to enable the integration of biochips and microfluidic systems into fully functional systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Stoukatch
- Microsys Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Liege University, Seraing, Belgium
| | - F. Dupont
- Microsys Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Liege University, Seraing, Belgium
| | - J.-M. Redouté
- Microsys Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Liege University, Seraing, Belgium
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5
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Sande MG, Rodrigues JL, Ferreira D, Silva CJ, Rodrigues LR. Novel Biorecognition Elements against Pathogens in the Design of State-of-the-Art Diagnostics. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11110418. [PMID: 34821636 PMCID: PMC8615483 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Infectious agents, especially bacteria and viruses, account for a vast number of hospitalisations and mortality worldwide. Providing effective and timely diagnostics for the multiplicity of infectious diseases is challenging. Conventional diagnostic solutions, although technologically advanced, are highly complex and often inaccessible in resource-limited settings. An alternative strategy involves convenient rapid diagnostics which can be easily administered at the point-of-care (POC) and at low cost without sacrificing reliability. Biosensors and other rapid POC diagnostic tools which require biorecognition elements to precisely identify the causative pathogen are being developed. The effectiveness of these devices is highly dependent on their biorecognition capabilities. Naturally occurring biorecognition elements include antibodies, bacteriophages and enzymes. Recently, modified molecules such as DNAzymes, peptide nucleic acids and molecules which suffer a selective screening like aptamers and peptides are gaining interest for their biorecognition capabilities and other advantages over purely natural ones, such as robustness and lower production costs. Antimicrobials with a broad-spectrum activity against pathogens, such as antibiotics, are also used in dual diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Other successful pathogen identification strategies use chemical ligands, molecularly imprinted polymers and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-associated nuclease. Herein, the latest developments regarding biorecognition elements and strategies to use them in the design of new biosensors for pathogens detection are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Sande
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.G.S.); (J.L.R.); (D.F.)
| | - Joana L. Rodrigues
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.G.S.); (J.L.R.); (D.F.)
| | - Débora Ferreira
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.G.S.); (J.L.R.); (D.F.)
| | - Carla J. Silva
- CENTI—Center for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials, Rua Fernando Mesquita 2785, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal;
- CITEVE—Technological Center for the Textile and Clothing Industries of Portugal, Rua Fernando Mesquita 2785, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
| | - Ligia R. Rodrigues
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.G.S.); (J.L.R.); (D.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-253601978
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Shaffaf T, Forouhi S, Ghafar-Zadeh E. Towards Fully Integrated Portable Sensing Devices for COVID-19 and Future Global Hazards: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Prospects. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:915. [PMID: 34442537 PMCID: PMC8401608 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, this fatal disease has been the leading cause of the death of more than 3.9 million people around the world. This tragedy taught us that we should be well-prepared to control the spread of such infectious diseases and prevent future hazards. As a consequence, this pandemic has drawn the attention of many researchers to the development of portable platforms with short hands-on and turnaround time suitable for batch production in urgent pandemic situations such as that of COVID-19. Two main groups of diagnostic assays have been reported for the detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) including nucleic acid-based and protein-based assays. The main focus of this paper is on the latter, which requires a shorter time duration, less skilled technicians, and faces lower contamination. Furthermore, this paper gives an overview of the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) biosensors, which are potentially useful for implementing point-of-care (PoC) platforms based on such assays. CMOS technology, as a predominant technology for the fabrication of integrated circuits, is a promising candidate for the development of PoC devices by offering the advantages of reliability, accessibility, scalability, low power consumption, and distinct cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Shaffaf
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (BioSA), York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (T.S.); (S.F.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Saghi Forouhi
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (BioSA), York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (T.S.); (S.F.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Ebrahim Ghafar-Zadeh
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (BioSA), York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (T.S.); (S.F.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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7
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Electrical Characterization of Cellulose-Based Membranes towards Pathogen Detection in Water. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11020057. [PMID: 33670061 PMCID: PMC7927109 DOI: 10.3390/bios11020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Paper substrates are promising for development of cost-effective and efficient point-of-care biosensors, essential for public healthcare and environmental diagnostics in emergency situations. Most paper-based biosensors rely on the natural capillarity of paper to perform qualitative or semi-quantitative colorimetric detections. To achieve quantification and better sensitivity, technologies combining paper-based substrates and electrical detection are being developed. In this work, we demonstrate the potential of electrical measurements by means of a simple, parallel-plate electrode setup towards the detection of whole-cell bacteria captured in nitrocellulose (NC) membranes. Unlike current electrical sensors, which are mostly integrated, this plug and play system has reusable electrodes and enables simple and fast bacterial detection through impedance measurements. The characterized NC membrane was subjected to (i) a biofunctionalization, (ii) different saline solutions modelling real water samples, and (iii) bacterial suspensions of different concentrations. Bacterial detection was achieved in low conductivity buffers through both resistive and capacitive changes in the sensed medium. To capture Bacillus thuringiensis, the model microorganism used in this work, the endolysin cell-wall binding domain (CBD) of Deep-Blue, a bacteriophage targeting this bacterium, was integrated into the membranes as a recognition bio-interface. This experimental proof-of-concept illustrates the electrical detection of 107 colony-forming units (CFU) mL−1 bacteria in low-salinity buffers within 5 min, using a very simple setup. This offers perspectives for affordable pathogen sensors that can easily be reconfigured for different bacteria. Water quality testing is a particularly interesting application since it requires frequent testing, especially in emergency situations.
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8
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Vercauteren R, Leprince A, Mahillon J, Francis LA. Porous Silicon Biosensor for the Detection of Bacteria through Their Lysate. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:27. [PMID: 33498536 PMCID: PMC7909573 DOI: 10.3390/bios11020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Porous silicon (PSi) has been widely used as a biosensor in recent years due to its large surface area and its optical properties. Most PSi biosensors consist in close-ended porous layers, and, because of the diffusion-limited infiltration of the analyte, they lack sensitivity and speed of response. In order to overcome these shortcomings, PSi membranes (PSiMs) have been fabricated using electrochemical etching and standard microfabrication techniques. In this work, PSiMs have been used for the optical detection of Bacillus cereus lysate. Before detection, the bacteria are selectively lysed by PlyB221, an endolysin encoded by the bacteriophage Deep-Blue targeting B. cereus. The detection relies on the infiltration of bacterial lysate inside the membrane, which induces a shift of the effective optical thickness. The biosensor was able to detect a B. cereus bacterial lysate, with an initial bacteria concentration of 105 colony forming units per mL (CFU/mL), in only 1 h. This proof-of-concept also illustrates the specificity of the lysis before detection. Not only does this detection platform enable the fast detection of bacteria, but the same technique can be extended to other bacteria using selective lysis, as demonstrated by the detection of Staphylococcus epidermidis, selectively lysed by lysostaphin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roselien Vercauteren
- Electrical Engineering Department, Institute of Information and Communication Technologies Electronics and Applied Mathematics, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Audrey Leprince
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (A.L.); (J.M.)
| | - Jacques Mahillon
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (A.L.); (J.M.)
| | - Laurent A. Francis
- Electrical Engineering Department, Institute of Information and Communication Technologies Electronics and Applied Mathematics, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
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9
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Latest developments in non-faradic impedimetric biosensors: Towards clinical applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Forouhi S, Ghafar-Zadeh E. Applications of CMOS Devices for the Diagnosis and Control of Infectious Diseases. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E1003. [PMID: 33202888 PMCID: PMC7698050 DOI: 10.3390/mi11111003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), Ebola, influenza A, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in recent years have threatened the health and security of the global community as one of the greatest factors of mortality in the world. Accurate and immediate diagnosis of infectious agents and symptoms is a key to control the outbreak of these diseases. Rapid advances in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology offers great advantages like high accuracy, high throughput and rapid measurements in biomedical research and disease diagnosis. These features as well as low cost, low power and scalability of CMOS technology can pave the way for the development of powerful devices such as point-of-care (PoC) systems, lab-on-chip (LoC) platforms and symptom screening devices for accurate and timely diagnosis of infectious diseases. This paper is an overview of different CMOS-based devices such as optical, electrochemical, magnetic and mechanical sensors developed by researchers to mitigate the problems associated with these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghi Forouhi
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators (BioSA), Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
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11
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Öberg Månsson I, Piper A, Hamedi MM. Weaving Off-The-Shelf Yarns into Textile Micro Total Analysis Systems (μTAS). Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000150. [PMID: 32686256 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Textile based biosensors have garnered much interest in recent years. Devices woven out of yarns have the ability to be incorporated into clothing and bandages. Most woven devices reported in the literature require yarns that are not available on an industrial scale or that require modifications which are not possible in large scale manufacturing. In this work, commercially produced yarns are taken without any modification or cleaning, and developed woven textile diagnostic devices out of them. The yarn properties that are important to their function within the device have been characterised and discussed. The wicking ability and analyte retention of Coolmax yarns, developed to wick sweat in mass produced sportswear, are determined. The electrochemistry and functionalizability of Au coated multifilament yarns are investigated with no cleaning or treatment and are found to have as good a thiolate self-assembled monolayer (SAM) coverage as cleaned Au disk electrodes. The feasibility of using these yarns is established off the shelf, with no cleaning, to make woven capillary force driven microfluidic devices and three electrode sensing devices. A proof of principle three electrode system capable of detecting clinically relevant concentrations of glucose in human sweat is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Öberg Månsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Andrew Piper
- Department of Fibre and Polymer technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Mahiar Max Hamedi
- Department of Fibre and Polymer technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
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12
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Chatterjee B, Kalyani N, Das S, Anand A, Sharma TK. Nano-realm for point-of-care (POC) bacterial diagnostics. J Microbiol Methods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Shoute LCT, Anwar A, MacKay S, Abdelrasoul GN, Lin D, Yan Z, Nguyen AH, McDermott MT, Shah MA, Yang J, Chen J, Li XS. Immuno-impedimetric Biosensor for Onsite Monitoring of Ascospores and Forecasting of Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Canola. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12396. [PMID: 30120328 PMCID: PMC6098051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a destructive disease of canola and many other broadleaf crops. The primary inoculum responsible for initiating Sclerotinia epidemics is airborne ascospores released from the apothecia of sclerotia. Timely detection of the presence of airborne ascospores can serve as an early-warning system for forecasting and management of the disease. A major challenge is to develop a portable and automated device which can be deployed onsite to detect and quantify the presence of minute quantities of ascospores in the air and serves as a unit in a network of systems for forecasting of the epidemic. In this communication, we present the development of an impedimetric non-Faradaic biosensor based on anti-S. sclerotiorum polyclonal antibodies as probes to selectively capture the ascospores and sense their binding by an impedance based interdigitated electrode which was found to directly and unambiguously correlate the number of ascospores on sensor surface with the impedance response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian C T Shoute
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Afreen Anwar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India
| | - Scott MacKay
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Gaser N Abdelrasoul
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Donghai Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Zhimin Yan
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Anh H Nguyen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Mark T McDermott
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Manzoor A Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India
| | - Jian Yang
- InnoTech Alberta, Vegreville, AB, T9C 1T4, Canada
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V4, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V4, Canada
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Xiujie S Li
- InnoTech Alberta, Vegreville, AB, T9C 1T4, Canada.
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Formisano N, Bhalla N, Heeran M, Reyes Martinez J, Sarkar A, Laabei M, Jolly P, Bowen CR, Taylor JT, Flitsch S, Estrela P. Inexpensive and fast pathogenic bacteria screening using field-effect transistors. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:103-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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15
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Couniot N, Francis LA, Flandre D. A 16 × 16 CMOS Capacitive Biosensor Array Towards Detection of Single Bacterial Cell. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2016; 10:364-374. [PMID: 25974947 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2015.2416372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a 16 × 16 CMOS biosensor array aiming at impedance detection of whole-cell bacteria. Each 14 μm × 16 μm pixel comprises high-sensitive passivated microelectrodes connected to an innovative readout interface based on charge sharing principle for capacitance-to-voltage conversion and subthreshold gain stage to boost the sensitivity. Fabricated in a 0.25 μm CMOS process, the capacitive array was experimentally shown to perform accurate dielectric measurements of the electrolyte up to electrical conductivities of 0.05 S/m, with maximal sensitivity of 55 mV/fF and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 37 dB. As biosensing proof of concept, real-time detection of Staphylococcus epidermidis binding events was experimentally demonstrated and provides detection limit of ca. 7 bacteria per pixel and sensitivity of 2.18 mV per bacterial cell. Models and simulations show good matching with experimental results and provide a comprehensive analysis of the sensor and circuit system. Advantages, challenges and limits of the proposed capacitive biosensor array are finally described with regards to literature. With its small area and low power consumption, the present capacitive array is particularly suitable for portable point-of-care (PoC) diagnosis tools and lab-on-chip (LoC) systems.
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Derkus B, Ozkan M, Emregul KC, Emregul E. Single frequency analysis for clinical immunosensor design. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel bioelectrochemical approach: Tau protein determination for the diagnosis of neurodiseases via time-dependant phase angle shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Derkus
- Bioelectrochemistry Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- Science Faculty
- Ankara University
- Ankara 06100
| | - Mustafa Ozkan
- Bioelectrochemistry Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- Science Faculty
- Ankara University
- Ankara 06100
| | - Kaan C. Emregul
- Bioelectrochemistry Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- Science Faculty
- Ankara University
- Ankara 06100
| | - Emel Emregul
- Bioelectrochemistry Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- Science Faculty
- Ankara University
- Ankara 06100
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Couniot N, Francis LA, Flandre D. Resonant dielectrophoresis and electrohydrodynamics for high-sensitivity impedance detection of whole-cell bacteria. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:3183-3191. [PMID: 26120099 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00090d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present the co-integration of CMOS-compatible Al/Al2O3 interdigitated microelectrodes (IDEs) with an electrokinetic-driven macroelectrode for sensitive detection of whole-cell bacteria in a microfluidic channel. Two frequency ranges applied to the macroelectrode were identified to notably increase the bacterial coverage of the impedimetric sensor per unit time. Around 10 kHz, the bacterial cells were directed towards the IDE center thanks to AC electroosmosis (AC-EO) and the sensor capacitance linearly increased, achieving a limit of detection (LoD) of 3.5 × 10(5) CFU mL(-1) after an incubation time of 20 min with Staphylococcus epidermidis. At 63 MHz precisely, a resonance effect due to the device was found to dramatically increase the trapping of S. epidermidis on the sensor periphery, due to the combined actions of short-range contactless dielectrophoresis (cDEP) and long-range Joule heating electrothermal (J-ET) flow. Thanks to a flow-based method, the bacterial cells were redirected towards the sensor center and an LoD of 10(5) CFU mL(-1) was achieved within 20 min of incubation, which is almost two orders of magnitude better than the impedimetric sensor alone. Analytical models and 2D simulations using the Maxwell stress tensor (MST) provide a comprehensive analysis of the experimental results, especially about the spectral balance between cDEP, AC-EO and J-ET accounting for the 33-nm thick insulating layer atop the electrodes. Electrode CMOS compatibility confers portability, miniaturization and affordability capabilities for building point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic tests in a lab-on-a-chip (LoC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Numa Couniot
- ICTEAM Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Place du Levant 3-L5.03.02, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
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