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Tabak T, Kaya K, Isci R, Ozturk T, Yagci Y, Kiskan B. Combining Step-Growth and Chain-Growth Polymerizations in One Pot: Light-Induced Fabrication of Conductive Nanoporous PEDOT-PCL Scaffold. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300455. [PMID: 37633841 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel method based on light-induced fabrication of a poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polycaprolactone (PEDOT-PCL) scaffold using phenacyl bromide (PAB) as a single-component photoinitiator is presented. HBr released from the step-growth polymerization of EDOT is utilized as an in situ catalyst for the chain-growth polymerization of ε-caprolactone. Detailed investigations disclose the formation of a self-assembled nanoporous electroconductive scaffold (1.2 mS cm-1 ). Fluorescence emission spectra of the fabricated scaffold exhibit a mixed solvatochromic behavior, indicating specific interactions between the self-assembled scaffold and solvents with varying polarities, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, the same light-induced technique can also be applied for bulk photopolymerization showcasing the versatility and wide-ranging scope of the originated method. In brief, this study introduces a novel approach for light-induced polymerization reactions that is merging step-growth and chain-growth mechanisms. This innovative approach is promising to facilitate in situ polymerization of monomers possessing diverse functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugberk Tabak
- Istanbul Technical University, Chemistry Department, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Kerem Kaya
- Istanbul Technical University, Chemistry Department, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Recep Isci
- Istanbul Technical University, Chemistry Department, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Turan Ozturk
- Istanbul Technical University, Chemistry Department, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
- TUBITAK UME, Chemistry Group Laboratories, Kocaeli 54, Gebze, 41470, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Istanbul Technical University, Chemistry Department, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Baris Kiskan
- Istanbul Technical University, Chemistry Department, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
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2
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Li H, Zhou S, Han S, Luo R, Hu J, Du B, Yang K, Bao Y, Jia J, Zhang X. Thermoelectric Properties of One-Pot Hydrothermally Synthesized Solution-Processable PEDOT:PSS/MWCNT Composite Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3781. [PMID: 37765635 PMCID: PMC10534393 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of organic and inorganic materials has been considered an effective solution for achieving ambient thermoelectric energy harvesting and has been developing rapidly. Here, PEDOT:PSS/MWCNT (PPM) composite hydrogels were synthesized using the self-assembled gelation process of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and the interaction between PEDOT:PSS and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) without the addition of any surfactant. After immersion in dimethyl sulfoxide and freeze-drying, the hydrogel is easily dispersed in water and used as a direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing ink. At room temperature, the PPM-20 printed film with 20 wt% MWCNT solids achieved a maximum power factor of 7.37 μW m-1 K-2 and maintained stable thermoelectric properties during repeated bending cycles. On this basis, a thermoelectric generator (TEG) consisting of five legs was printed, which could be produced to generate an open circuit voltage of 6.4 mV and a maximum output power of 40.48 nW at a temperature gradient of 50 K, confirming its great potential for application in high-performance flexible organic/inorganic thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Li
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Shisheng Zhou
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Shanxiang Han
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Rubai Luo
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 038507, China
| | - Jingbo Hu
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 038507, China
| | - Bin Du
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Kenan Yang
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Yizhi Bao
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Junjie Jia
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
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Zappia S, Alloisio M, Valdivia JC, Arias E, Moggio I, Scavia G, Destri S. Silver Nanoparticle-PEDOT:PSS Composites as Water-Processable Anodes: Correlation between the Synthetic Parameters and the Optical/Morphological Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3675. [PMID: 37765528 PMCID: PMC10536234 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The morphological, spectroscopic and rheological properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized in situ within commercial PEDOT:PSS formulations, labeled PP@NPs, were systematically investigated by varying different synthetic parameters (NaBH4/AgNO3 molar ratio, PEDOT:PSS formulation and silver and PEDOT:PSS concentration in the reaction medium), revealing that only the reagent ratio affected the properties of the resulting nanoparticles. Combining the results obtained from the field-emission scanning electron microscopy analysis and UV-Vis characterization, it could be assumed that PP@NPs' stabilization occurs by means of PSS chains, preferably outside of the PEDOT:PSS domains with low silver content. Conversely, with high silver content, the particles also formed in PEDOT-rich domains with the consequent perturbation of the polaron absorption features of the conjugated polymer. Atomic force microscopy was used to characterize the films deposited on glass from the particle-containing PEDOT:PSS suspensions. The film with an optimized morphology, obtained from the suspension sample characterized by the lowest silver and NaBH4 content, was used to fabricate a very initial prototype of a water-processable anode in a solar cell prepared with an active layer constituted by the benchmark blend poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PC60BM) and a low-temperature, not-evaporated cathode (Field's metal).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Zappia
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Alloisio
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale (DCCI), Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Julio Cesar Valdivia
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Boulevard Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo 25294, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Arias
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Boulevard Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo 25294, Mexico
| | - Ivana Moggio
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Boulevard Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo 25294, Mexico
| | - Guido Scavia
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Destri
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Zeng MZ, Wei D, Ding J, Tian Y, Wu XY, Chen ZH, Wu CH, Sun J, Yin HB, Fan HS. Dopamine induced multiple bonding in hyaluronic acid network to construct particle-free conductive hydrogel for reliable electro-biosensing. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120403. [PMID: 36604075 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogel (CH) as flexible electrophysiology interface has become the new trend of bioelectronics, but still challenging in synergizing the biocompatibility, mechanics and comprehensive electrical performance. Hyaluronic acid (HA), featured with abundant active sites for personalized-modification and well-known biocompatibility, is one of the alterative candidates. The obstacle lies in the unstable conductivity from the ionic conduction, and the electronic conduction by embedding conductive nanoparticles (NPs) is likely to result in inhomogeneous CH with poor stretchability and discontinuous conductive network. Herein, inspired by catechol chemistry, dopamine (DA)-modified HA was homogeneously composited with DA-modified poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS, named PP), to produce particle-free conductive hydrogel (HA-DA-PP). The DA-introduced multiple bondings in HA network and PP molecules brought aqueous conductive PP into HA hydrogel to form a homogeneous crosslinking network, imparted the flexible stretchability. By accurately regulation, HA-DA-PP achieved high stretchability with large tensile deformation (over 470 %) in the category of natural polymer-based hydrogels. Moreover, the interaction between DA and PP (conformational transition and charge transfer) could effectively enhance the hydrogel's conductivity. Consequently, HA-DA-PP hydrogel showed high sensibility to human movement, epidermal and in vivo electrophysiological signals monitoring. Overall, DA-mediated multiple bonding is a powerful strategy for constructing CH with high performance for bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ze Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Ding
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng-Heng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China; Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua-Bing Yin
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Hong-Song Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
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M. Hizam SM, Al-Dhahebi AM, Mohamed Saheed MS. Recent Advances in Graphene-Based Nanocomposites for Ammonia Detection. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:5125. [PMID: 36501520 PMCID: PMC9739373 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand to mitigate the alarming effects of the emission of ammonia (NH3) on human health and the environment has highlighted the growing attention to the design of reliable and effective sensing technologies using novel materials and unique nanocomposites with tunable functionalities. Among the state-of-the-art ammonia detection materials, graphene-based polymeric nanocomposites have gained significant attention. Despite the ever-increasing number of publications on graphene-based polymeric nanocomposites for ammonia detection, various understandings and information regarding the process, mechanisms, and new material components have not been fully explored. Therefore, this review summarises the recent progress of graphene-based polymeric nanocomposites for ammonia detection. A comprehensive discussion is provided on the various gas sensor designs, including chemiresistive, Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM), and Field-Effect Transistor (FET), as well as gas sensors utilising the graphene-based polymer nanocomposites, in addition to highlighting the pros and cons of graphene to enhance the performance of gas sensors. Moreover, the various techniques used to fabricate graphene-based nanocomposites and the numerous polymer electrolytes (e.g., conductive polymeric electrolytes), the ion transport models, and the fabrication and detection mechanisms of ammonia are critically addressed. Finally, a brief outlook on the significant progress, future opportunities, and challenges of graphene-based polymer nanocomposites for the application of ammonia detection are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Maira M. Hizam
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Adel Mohammed Al-Dhahebi
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Shuaib Mohamed Saheed
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
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Neira-Carrillo A, Zárate IA, Nieto E, Butto-Miranda N, Lobos-González L, Del Campo-Smith M, Palacio DA, Urbano BF. Electrospun Poly(acrylic acid- co-4-styrene sulfonate) as Potential Drug-Eluting Scaffolds for Targeted Chemotherapeutic Delivery Systems on Gastric (AGS) and Breast (MDA-Mb-231) Cancer Cell Lines. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3903. [PMID: 36364679 PMCID: PMC9657868 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Potential drug-eluting scaffolds of electrospun poly(acrylic acid-co-styrene sulfonate) P(AA-co-SS) in clonogenic assays using tumorigenic gastric and ovarian cancer cells were tested in vitro. Electrospun polymer nanofiber (EPnF) meshes of PAA and PSSNa homo- and P(AA-co-SS) copolymer composed of 30:70, 50:50, 70:30 acrylic acid (AA) and sodium 4-styrene sulfonate (SSNa) units were performed by electrospinning (ES). The synthesis, structural and morphological characterization of all EPnF meshes were analyzed by optical and electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. This study shows that different ratio of AA and SSNa of monomers in P(AA-co-SS) EPnF play a crucial role in clonogenic in vitro assays. We found that 50:50 P(AA-co-SS) EPnF mesh loaded with antineoplastic drugs can be an excellent suppressor of growth-independent anchored capacities in vitro assays and a good subcutaneous drug delivery system for chemotherapeutic medication in vivo model for surgical resection procedures in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrónico Neira-Carrillo
- Department of Biological and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Santiago 380492, Chile
| | - Ignacio A. Zárate
- Department of Biological and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Eddie Nieto
- Department of Biological and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Nicole Butto-Miranda
- Department of Biological and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Santiago 380492, Chile
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad del Desarrollo, Clínica Alemana, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Matias Del Campo-Smith
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Santiago 380492, Chile
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad del Desarrollo, Clínica Alemana, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Daniel A. Palacio
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science, University of Concepción, Concepción 3349001, Chile
| | - Bruno F. Urbano
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science, University of Concepción, Concepción 3349001, Chile
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Alhashmi Alamer F, Althagafy K, Alsalmi O, Aldeih A, Alotaiby H, Althebaiti M, Alghamdi H, Alotibi N, Saeedi A, Zabarmawi Y, Hawsawi M, Alnefaie MA. Review on PEDOT:PSS-Based Conductive Fabric. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35371-35386. [PMID: 36249401 PMCID: PMC9557891 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews conductive fabrics made with the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), their fabrication techniques, and their applications. PEDOT:PSS has attracted interest in smart textile technology due to its relatively high electrical conductivity, water dispersibility, ease of manufacturing, environmental stability, and commercial availability. Several methods apply PEDOT:PSS to textiles. They include polymerization of the monomer, coating, dyeing, and printing methods. In addition, several studies have shown the conductivity of fabrics with the addition of PEDOT:PSS. The electrical properties of conductive textiles with a certain sheet resistance can be reduced by several orders of magnitude using PEDOT:PSS and polar solvents as secondary dopants. In addition, several studies have shown that the flexibility and durability of textiles coated with PEDOT:PSS can be improved by creating a composite with other polymers, such as polyurethane, which has high flexibility and extensibility. This improvement is due to the stronger bonding of PEDOT:PSS to the fabrics. Sensors, actuators, antennas, interconnectors, energy harvesting, and storage devices have been developed with PEDOT:PSS-based conductive fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Alhashmi Alamer
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Althagafy
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Alsalmi
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asal Aldeih
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hissah Alotaiby
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Althebaiti
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa Alghamdi
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najlaa Alotibi
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Saeedi
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusra Zabarmawi
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Hawsawi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied
Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Modhi A. Alnefaie
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Al Taif Road, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Physics, College of Sciences and Arts, Shaqra University, Sajiir, Riyadh 17649, Saudi Arabia
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Stephen M, Wu X, Li T, Salim T, Hou K, Chen S, Leong WL. Crown ether enabled enhancement of ionic-electronic properties of PEDOT:PSS. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2408-2415. [PMID: 35801931 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00496h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) based organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have proven to be one of the most versatile platforms for various applications including bioelectronics, neuromorphic computing and soft robotics. The use of PEDOT:PSS for OECTs originates from its ample mixed ionic-electronic conductivity, which in turn depends on the microscale phase separation and morphology of the polymer. Thus, modulation of the microstructure of PEDOT:PSS film enables us to tune the operation and device characteristics of the resulting OECT. Herein we report enhanced transconductance (20 mS), fast switching (32 μs) and stable operation (10 000 cycles) of modified PEDOT:PSS based OECTs using 15-crown-5 as an additive. Four probe measurements reveal an increased electronic conductivity of the modified PEDOT:PSS film (∼450 S cm-1) while tapping mode atomic force microscopy shows an increased phase separation. Further detailed characterization using spectroelectrochemistry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray diffraction (GIWAXS) provides insight into the microstructural changes brought about by the crown ether additive that result in the desirable characteristics of the modified PEDOT:PSS film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Stephen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Xihu Wu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Ting Li
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Teddy Salim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Kunqi Hou
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Wei Lin Leong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
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Jin XZ, Li H, Wang Y, Yang ZY, Qi XD, Yang JH, Wang Y. Ultraflexible PEDOT:PSS/Helical Carbon Nanotubes Film for All-in-One Photothermoelectric Conversion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:27083-27095. [PMID: 35638614 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photothermoelectric (PTE) conversion can achieve the recovery of low-quality light or heat efficiently. Much effort has been devoted to the exploitation of the inorganic heterogeneous asynchronous (separate) PTE conversion system. Here, a full organic PTE film with a pseudobilayer architecture (PBA) according to the homogeneous synchronous (all-in-one) PTE conversion hypothesis was prepared via successive drop-casting a PEDOT:PSS/helical carbon nanotube (HCNT) mixture and PEDOT:PSS onto a vacuum ultraviolet treated substrate. Our results prove that the heptagon-pentagon pairs embedded in HCNTs promote a denser arrangement of the molecular chains of PEDOT, which enhances the crystallinity and affects the thermoelectric properties. The weak connection and hollow structure of HCNTs inhibit the dissipation of heat, and the zT value of the film reaches over 0.01. The PBA film shows better photothermal conversion performance than a neat PEDOT:PSS film and stably generates a temperature difference of over 25.68 °C without external cooling. A flexible PTE chip demo was manufactured, and the ideal open-circuit voltage (simulated via COMSOL) of that reaches over 1.5 mV under weak NIR stimulation (83.12 mW/cm2), which is the best value reported for an organic all-in-one PTE device, and the real maximum output power reaches 2.55 nW (166.01 mW/cm2). The chip has incredible ultraflexibility, and its inner resistance changes less than 1.42% after 10000 bending cycles and displays ultrahigh stability (similarity >90%) in a continuous periodic output. Our work fills the deficit of homogeneous synchronous PTE research for a PEDOT:PSS composite and is a preliminary attempt in an ultraflexible integrated all-in-one PTE chip design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Zheng Jin
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yu Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Qi
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Hui Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
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Gupta S, Datt R, Mishra A, Tsoi WC, Patra A, Bober P. Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrene sulfonate) in antibacterial, tissue engineering and biosensors applications: Progress, challenges and perspectives. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Gupta
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Ram Datt
- SPECIFIC, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University Swansea United Kingdom
| | - Anamika Mishra
- Advanced Materials and Devices Metrology Division CSIR‐National Physical Laboratory New Delhi India
| | - Wing Chung Tsoi
- SPECIFIC, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University Swansea United Kingdom
| | - Asit Patra
- Advanced Materials and Devices Metrology Division CSIR‐National Physical Laboratory New Delhi India
| | - Patrycja Bober
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 6 Czech Republic
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11
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Jeong W, Lee S, Yoo S, Park S, Choi H, Bae J, Lee Y, Woo K, Choi JH, Lee S. A Hierarchical Metal Nanowire Network Structure for Durable, Cost-Effective, Stretchable, and Breathable Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60425-60432. [PMID: 34902240 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanofiber-based porous structures ("breathable devices") have been developed for breathable epidermal electrodes, piezoelectric nanogenerators, temperature sensors, and strain sensors, but their applications are limited because increasing the porosity reduces device robustness. Herein, we report an approach to produce ultradurable, cost-effective breathable electronics using a hierarchical metal nanowire network and an optimized photonic sintering process. Photonic sintering significantly reduces the sheet resistance (16.25 to 6.32 Ω sq-1) and is 40% more effective than conventional thermal annealing (sheet resistance: 12.99 Ω sq-1). The mechanical durability of the sintered (648.9 Ω sq-1) sample is notably improved compared to that of the untreated (disconnected) and annealed (19.1 kΩ sq-1) samples after 10,000 deformation cycles at 40% tensile strain. The sintered sample exhibits ∼29 times less change in electrical performance compared to the thermally annealed sample. This approach will lead to the development of affordable and ultradurable commercial breathable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooseong Jeong
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711873, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonmin Lee
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711873, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungsun Yoo
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711873, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Park
- Resources Utilization Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeokjoo Choi
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711873, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Bae
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711873, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeokyung Lee
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711873, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoohee Woo
- Advanced Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyuk Choi
- Resources Utilization Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Lee
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711873, Republic of Korea
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12
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Chen X, Zhu C, Jiang F, Liu G, Liu C, Jiang Q, Xu J, An J, Liu P. Regulating monomer assembly to enhance PEDOT capacitance performance via different oxidants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 601:265-271. [PMID: 34082231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) with high specific capacitance is the key to pursuing high-performance supercapacitors, and the electrochemical properties of PEDOT are closely related to the oxidation degree and conjugated chain length of its molecular chain. In this work, the influences of various oxidants (FeCl3, Fe(Tos)3 and MoCl5) on the molecular chain structure and capacitive properties of PEDOT via vapor phase polymerization were systematically investigated. Fe(Tos)3 can significantly improve the degree of oxidation and the length of the conjugated chain of PEDOT compared to FeCl3 and MoCl5, enhancing the conductivity and providing more active sites for Faraday reaction. Therefore, the PEDOT/P(Fe(Tos)3) electrode displays a considerable conductivity of 73 S cm-1, high areal capacitance (419 mF cm-2) and excellent electrochemical stability under the different bent state. Moreover, the conjugated structure strengthens the interaction between PEDOT chains, achieving good cycle stability. Therefore, Fe(Tos)3 is an ideal oxidant for obtaining high-performance PEDOT electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Physics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China; Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII), Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Department of Physics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Fengxing Jiang
- Department of Physics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Department of Physics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII), Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Qinglin Jiang
- Institute Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Jingkun Xu
- Department of Physics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China; Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII), Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Jianyu An
- Department of Physics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Department of Physics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
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13
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Kitova A, Tarasov S, Plekhanova Y, Bykov A, Reshetilov A. Direct Bioelectrocatalytic Oxidation of Glucose by Gluconobacter oxydans Membrane Fractions in PEDOT:PSS/TEG-Modified Biosensors. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11050144. [PMID: 34066417 PMCID: PMC8148135 DOI: 10.3390/bios11050144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an ever-increasing interest in developing electrochemical biosensors based on direct electron transfer-type bioelectrocatalysis. This work investigates the bioelectrocatalytic oxidation of glucose by membrane fractions of Gluconobacter oxydans cells on screen-printed electrodes modified with thermally expanded graphite and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). Electrooxidation of glucose was shown to occur without the presence of electron transport mediators. Chronoamperometric and cyclic voltametric characteristics showed an increase of anodic currents at electrode potentials of 0–500 mV relative to the reference electrode (Ag/AgCl). The direct electron transfer effect was observed for non-modified PEDOT:PSS as well as for PEDOT:PSS linked with crosslinkers and conductive fillers such as polyethylene glycol diglycidyl or dimethyl sulfoxide. Bioelectrodes with this composite can be successfully used in fast reagent-free glucose biosensors.
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14
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Choi HJ, Kang BC, Ha TJ. Self-reconfigurable high-weight-per-volume-gelatin films for all-solution-processed on-skin electronics with ultra-conformal contact. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 184:113231. [PMID: 33866074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Although conventional skin-attachable electronics exhibit good functionalities, their direct attachment (without any adhesive) to human skin with sufficient conformal contact is challenging. Herein, all-solution-processed on-skin electronics based on self-reconfigurable high-weight-per- volume-gelatin (HWVG) film constructed using an effective, biocompatible water absorption-evaporation technique are demonstrated. Completely conformal contact of self-reconfigurable HWVG films is realized by rapidly inducing anisotropic swelling in the perpendicular direction and covering any curvature on the skin without spatial gap or void after shrinking. A sufficiently thin HWVG film (~2 um) exhibited higher adhesion owing to van der Waals force and the carboxylic acid and amine groups in HWVG film form cross-linkages through intermolecular bonds with human skin. Self-reconfigurable HWVG films with high biocompatibility are optimized to afford a superior efficiency of 87.83 % at a concentration of 20 % (w/v) and a storage modulus of 1822 MPa at 36.5 °C. Furthermore, functional nanoelectrodes consisting of self-reconfigurable silver nanowires/HWVG films for high-performance on-skin sensors allowing the detection of sensitive motion and electrophysiological signals, as well as an armband-type sensor system incorporated with a smartphone for health-care monitoring are demonstrated. Outstanding performances, including stability, reliability, flexibility, re-usability, biocompatibility, and permeability of on-skin electronics based on HWVG films can open-up a prospective route to realizing breathable human-machine interfaces based on biocompatible materials and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Jun Choi
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jun Ha
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea.
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15
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Jeong W, Park Y, Gwon G, Song J, Yoo S, Bae J, Ko YH, Choi JH, Lee S. All-Organic, Solution-Processed, Extremely Conformal, Mechanically Biocompatible, and Breathable Epidermal Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5660-5667. [PMID: 33467850 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conformal integration of an epidermal device with the skin, as well as sweat and air permeability, are crucial to reduce stress on biological tissues. Nanofiber-based porous mesh structures (breathable devices) are commonly utilized to prevent skin problems. Noble metals are normally deposited on nanomesh substrates to form breathable electrodes. However, these are expensive and require high-vacuum processes involving time-consuming multistep procedures. Organic materials are suitable alternatives that can be simply processed in solution. We report a simple, cost-effective, mechanically biocompatible, and breathable organic epidermal electrode for biometric devices. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is sprayed on a nanofiber-mesh structure, treated using only heat and water to enhance its biocompatibility and conductivity, and used as the electrode. The treatment is accomplished using an autoclave, simultaneously reducing the electrical resistance and sterilizing the electrode for practical use. This research can lead to affordable and biocompatible epidermal electrodes with improved suitability for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooseong Jeong
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Park
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihyeok Gwon
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyu Song
- Division of Nano-Convergence Material Development, National Nano Fab Center (NNFC), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungsun Yoo
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Bae
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwii Ko
- Yeungnam University, School of Medicine, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyuk Choi
- Resources Utilization Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Lee
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
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16
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Lu Y, Liu R, Hang XC, Young DJ. Biocompatible, flexible and conductive polymers prepared by biomass-derived ionic liquid treatment. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00064k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a promising, biocompatible conductive polymer for bio-integrated electronics with health-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing Tech University
- China
- College of Engineering
| | - Ruqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing Tech University
- China
| | - Xiao-Chun Hang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing Tech University
- China
| | - David James Young
- College of Engineering
- Information Technology and Environment
- Charles Darwin University
- Australia
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