1
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Andrys R, Monnier C, Antonijević Miljaković E, Mickova V, Musilek K, Zemanova L. Towards cost-effective drug discovery: Reusable immobilized enzymes for neurological disease research. Talanta 2024; 276:126263. [PMID: 38788378 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Enzyme handling and utilization bears many challenges such as their limited stability, intolerance of organic solvents, high cost, or inability to reuse. Most of these limitations can be overcome by enzyme immobilization on the surface of solid support. In this work, the recombinant form of human cholinesterases and monoamine oxidases as important drug targets for neurological diseases were immobilized on the surface of magnetic non-porous microparticles by a non-covalent bond utilizing the interaction between a His-tag terminus on the recombinant enzymes and cobalt (Co2+) ions immobilized on the magnetic microparticles. This type of binding led to targeted enzyme orientation, which completely preserved the catalytic activity and allowed high reproducibility of immobilization. In comparison with free enzymes, the immobilized enzymes showed exceptional stability in time and the possibility of repeated use. Relevant Km, Vmax, and IC50 values using known inhibitors were obtained using particular immobilized enzymes. Such immobilized enzymes on magnetic particles could serve as an excellent tool for a sustainable approach in the early stage of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Andrys
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Charline Monnier
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Evica Antonijević Miljaković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatovic", University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11 000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Veronika Mickova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Zemanova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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2
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Kuroiwa T, Nakagawa Y, Takayanagi R, Kanazawa A. Chitosanase-immobilized magnetite-agar gel particles as a highly stable and reusable biocatalyst for enhanced production of physiologically active chitosan oligosaccharides. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 178:110443. [PMID: 38593516 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
A novel immobilized chitosanase was developed and utilized to produce chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) via chitosan hydrolysis. Magnetite-agar gel particles (average particle diameter: 338 μm) were prepared by emulsifying an aqueous agar solution dispersing 200-nm magnetite particles with isooctane containing an emulsifier at 80 °C, followed by cooling the emulsified mixture. The chitosanase from Bacillus pumilus was immobilized on the magnetite-agar gel particles chemically activated by introducing glyoxyl groups with high immobilization yields (>80%), and the observed specific activity of the immobilized chitosanase was 16% of that of the free enzyme. This immobilized chitosanase could be rapidly recovered from aqueous solutions by applying magnetic force. The thermal stability of the immobilized chitosanase improved remarkably compared with that of free chitosanase: the deactivation rate constants at 35 °C of the free and immobilized enzymes were 8.1 × 10-5 and 3.9 × 10-8 s-1, respectively. This immobilized chitosanase could be reused for chitosan hydrolysis at 75 °C and pH 5.6, and 80% of its initial activity was maintained even after 10 cycles of use. COSs with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 2-7 were obtained using this immobilized chitosanase, and the product content of physiologically active COSs (DP ≥ 5) reached approximately 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kuroiwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan.
| | - Yuta Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Takayanagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kanazawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
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3
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De Simone M, Alonso-Cotchico L, Lucas MF, Brissos V, Martins LO. Distal Mutations Enhance Efficiency of Free and Immobilized NOV1 Dioxygenase for Vanillin Synthesis. J Biotechnol 2024; 391:S0168-1656(24)00170-6. [PMID: 38880386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Protein engineering is crucial to improve enzymes' efficiency and robustness for industrial biocatalysis. NOV1 is a bacterial dioxygenase that holds biotechnological potential by catalyzing the one-step oxidation of the lignin-derived isoeugenol into vanillin, a popular flavoring agent used in food, cleaning products, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. This study aims to enhance NOV1 activity and operational stability through the identification of distal hotspots. located at more than 9Å from the active site using Zymspot, a tool that predicts advantageous distant mutations, streamlining protein engineering. A total of 41 variants were constructed using site-directed mutagenesis and the six most active enzyme variants were then recombined. Two variants, with two and three mutations, showed nearly a 10-fold increase in activity and up to 40-fold higher operational stability than the wild-type. Furthermore, these variants show 90 to100% immobilization efficiency in metal affinity resins, compared to approximately 60% for the wild-type. In bioconversions where 50mM of isoeugenol was added stepwise over 24-hour cycles, the 1D2 variant produced approximately 144mM of vanillin after six reaction cycles, corresponding to around 22mg, indicating a 35% molar conversion yield. This output was around 2.5 times higher than that obtained using the wild-type. Our findings highlight the efficacy of distal protein engineering in enhancing enzyme functions like activity, stability, and metal binding selectivity, thereby fulfilling the criteria for industrial biocatalysts. This study provides a novel approach to enzyme optimization that could have significant implications for various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario De Simone
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | - Vânia Brissos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Lígia O Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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4
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Cherni O, Carballares D, Siar EH, Abellanas-Perez P, de Andrades D, de Moraes Polizeli MDLT, Rocha-Martin J, Bahri S, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Tuning almond lipase features by the buffer used during immobilization: The apparent biocatalysts stability depends on the immobilization and inactivation buffers and the substrate utilized. J Biotechnol 2024; 391:S0168-1656(24)00168-8. [PMID: 38876311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The lipase from Prunus dulcis almonds was inactivated under different conditions. At pH 5 and 9, enzyme stability remained similar under the different studied buffers. However, when the inactivation was performed at pH 7, there were some clear differences on enzyme stability depending on the buffer used. The enzyme was more stable in Gly than when Tris was employed for inactivation. Then, the enzyme was immobilized on methacrylate beads coated with octadecyl groups at pH 7 in the presence of Gly, Tris, phosphate and HEPES. Its activity was assayed versus triacetin and S-methyl mandelate. The biocatalyst prepared in phosphate was more active versus S-methyl mandelate, while the other ones were more active versus triacetin. The immobilized enzyme stability at pH 7 depends on the buffer used for enzyme immobilization. The buffer used in the inactivation and the substrate used determined the activity. For example, glycine was the buffer that promoted the lowest or the highest stabilities depending on the substrate used to quantify the activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumaima Cherni
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Laboratoire de Mycologie, Pathologies et Biomarqueurs (LR16ES05). Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis-El-Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - El Hocine Siar
- Agri-food Engineering Laboratory (GENIAAL), Nutrition and Food Technology Institute (INATAA), University of Brothers Mentouri Constantine 1, Algeria
| | | | - Diandra de Andrades
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais 12, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Sellema Bahri
- Laboratoire de Mycologie, Pathologies et Biomarqueurs (LR16ES05). Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis-El-Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Bakar B, Akbulut M, Ulusal F, Ulu A, Özdemir N, Ateş B. Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized onto Mesoporous Magnetic Hybrid Nanoflowers for Enzymatic Decolorization of Textile Dyes: A Highly Robust Bioreactor and Boosted Enzyme Stability. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:24558-24573. [PMID: 38882139 PMCID: PMC11170722 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Recently, hybrid nanoflowers (hNFs), which are accepted as popular carrier supports in the development of enzyme immobilization strategies, have attracted much attention. In this study, the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was immobilized to mesoporous magnetic Fe3O4-NH2 by forming Schiff base compounds and the HRP@Fe3O4-NH2/hNFs were then synthesized. Under optimal conditions, 95.0% of the available HRP was immobilized on the Fe3O4-NH2/hNFs. Structural morphology and characterization of synthesized HRP@Fe3O4-NH2/hNFs were investigated. The results demonstrated that the average size of HRP@Fe3O4-NH2/hNFs was determined to be around 220 nm. The ζ-potential and magnetic saturation values of HRP@Fe3O4-NH2/hNFs were -33.58 mV and ∼30 emu/g, respectively. Additionally, the optimum pH, optimum temperature, thermal stability, kinetic parameters, reusability, and storage stability were examined. It was observed that the optimum pH value shifted from 5.0 to pH 8.0 after immobilization, while the optimum temperature shifted from 30 to 80 °C. K m values were calculated to be 15.5502 and 7.6707 mM for free HRP and the HRP@Fe3O4-NH2/hNFs, respectively, and V max values were calculated to be 0.0701 and 0.0038 mM min-1. The low K m value observed after immobilization indicated that the affinity of HRP for its substrate increased. The HRP@Fe3O4-NH2/hNFs showed higher thermal stability than free HRP, and its residual activity after six usage cycles was approximately 45%. While free HRP lost all of its activity within 120 min at 65 °C, the HRP@Fe3O4-NH2/hNFs retained almost all of its activity during the 6 h incubation period at 80 °C. Most importantly, the HRP@Fe3O4-NH2/hNFs demonstrated good potential efficiency for the biodegradation of methyl orange, phenol red, and methylene blue dyes. The HRP@Fe3O4-NH2/hNFs were used for a total of 8 cycles to degrade methyl orange, phenol red, and methylene blue, and degradation of around 81, 96, and 56% was obtained in 8 h, respectively. Overall, we believe that the HRP@Fe3O4-NH2/hNFs reported in this work can be potentially used in various industrial and environmental applications, particularly for the biodegradation of recalcitrant compounds, such as textile dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Bakar
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Akbulut
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Fatma Ulusal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Process Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Tarsus University, 33400, Mersin, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Ulu
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Nalan Özdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Burhan Ateş
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Türkiye
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Perez AV, Gaitan-Oyola JA, Vargas-Delgadillo DP, Castillo JJ, Barbosa O, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Synthesis and Characterization of Cross-Linked Aggregates of Peroxidase from Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea Grass) and Their Application for Indigo Carmine Decolorization. Molecules 2024; 29:2696. [PMID: 38893568 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
We present the synthesis of a cross-linking enzyme aggregate (CLEAS) of a peroxidase from Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea Grass) (GGP). The biocatalyst was produced using 50%v/v ethanol and 0.88%w/v glutaraldehyde for 1 h under stirring. The immobilization yield was 93.74% and the specific activity was 36.75 U mg-1. The biocatalyst surpassed by 61% the free enzyme activity at the optimal pH value (pH 6 for both preparations), becoming this increase in activity almost 10-fold at pH 9. GGP-CLEAS exhibited a higher thermal stability (2-4 folds) and was more stable towards hydrogen peroxide than the free enzyme (2-3 folds). GGP-CLEAS removes over 80% of 0.05 mM indigo carmine at pH 5, in the presence of 0.55 mM H2O2 after 60 min of reaction, a much higher value than when using the free enzyme. The operational stability showed a decrease of enzyme activity (over 60% in 4 cycles), very likely related to suicide inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie V Perez
- Grupo de Investigación en Materiales Porosos con Aplicaciones Ambientales y Tecnológicas, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué 730006299, Colombia
| | - Jorge A Gaitan-Oyola
- Grupo de Investigación en Materiales Porosos con Aplicaciones Ambientales y Tecnológicas, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué 730006299, Colombia
| | - Diana P Vargas-Delgadillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Materiales Porosos con Aplicaciones Ambientales y Tecnológicas, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué 730006299, Colombia
| | - John J Castillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Oveimar Barbosa
- Grupo de Investigación en Materiales Porosos con Aplicaciones Ambientales y Tecnológicas, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué 730006299, Colombia
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus Cantoblanco UAM-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Yamaguchi H, Miyazaki M. Bioremediation of Hazardous Pollutants Using Enzyme-Immobilized Reactors. Molecules 2024; 29:2021. [PMID: 38731512 PMCID: PMC11085290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioremediation uses the degradation abilities of microorganisms and other organisms to remove harmful pollutants that pollute the natural environment, helping return it to a natural state that is free of harmful substances. Organism-derived enzymes can degrade and eliminate a variety of pollutants and transform them into non-toxic forms; as such, they are expected to be used in bioremediation. However, since enzymes are proteins, the low operational stability and catalytic efficiency of free enzyme-based degradation systems need improvement. Enzyme immobilization methods are often used to overcome these challenges. Several enzyme immobilization methods have been applied to improve operational stability and reduce remediation costs. Herein, we review recent advancements in immobilized enzymes for bioremediation and summarize the methods for preparing immobilized enzymes for use as catalysts and in pollutant degradation systems. Additionally, the advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of immobilized enzymes in bioremediation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Food and Life Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 871-12 Sugido, Mashiki, Kamimashiki, Kumamoto 861-2205, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 871-12 Sugido, Mashiki, Kamimashiki, Kumamoto 861-2205, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai University, 871-12 Sugido, Mashiki, Kamimashiki, Kumamoto 861-2205, Japan
| | - Masaya Miyazaki
- HaKaL Inc., Kurume Research Park, 1488-4 Aikawa, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0864, Japan;
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8
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Yang H, Wang S, Chen M, Lu J. Preparation of spore-immobilized glutathione reductase and its application in inhibiting browning of pear wine. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38597278 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Browning is the key problem hindering the industrialization of pear wine. The use of high-yield glutathione Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the fermentation of pear wine can inhibit browning. Glutathione reductase (GR) can ensure the reduction of glutathione. Spore immobilization of enzymes is a new technology. It is a new attempt to apply spore-immobilized GR in combination with high-yield glutathione S. cerevisiae to inhibit browning of pear wine. RESULTS Saccharomyces cerevisiae spore immobilization enzyme technology was used to immobilize GR in the spores of mutant S. cerevisiae dit1∆, osw2∆ and chs3∆ and wild-type S. cerevisiae. The enzyme activity of GR immobilized by chs3∆ spores was the highest of 3.08 U mg-1 min-1. The chs3∆ spore-immobilized GR had certain resistance to ethanol, citric acid, sucrose, glucose and proteinase K. Electron microscopy analysis showed that the spore wall of chs3∆ had moderate size holes, which might be the main reason why it immobilized GR with the highest enzyme activity. And the GR was immobilized between the prespore membrane and mannoprotein layer of the spore wall. When chs3∆ spore-immobilized GR (chs3∆-GR) was added to Dangshan pear wine fermented by high-yield glutathione S. cerevisiae JN32-9, the presence of chs3∆-GR could further protect amino acids, polyphenols and glucose from oxidation, thereby reducing the browning of the pear wine during storage by 47.32%. CONCLUSION GR immobilized by S. cerevisiae spores was effective in inhibiting the browning of pear wine. The method was simple, green and effective and did not increase the production cost of pear wine. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Shang Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Chen
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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9
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de Andrades D, Abellanas P, Carballares D, Alcantara AR, Polizeli MDLTDM, Rocha-Martin J, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Adsorption features of reduced aminated supports modified with glutaraldehyde: Understanding the heterofunctional features of these supports. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130403. [PMID: 38417754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Immobilization of enzymes on aminated supports using the glutaraldehyde chemistry may involve three different interactions, cationic, hydrophobic, and covalent interactions. To try to understand the impact this heterofunctionality, we study the physical adsorption of the beta-galactosidase from Aspergillus niger, on aminated supports (MANAE) and aminated supports with one (MANAE-GLU) or two molecules of glutaraldehyde (MANAE-GLU-GLU). To eliminate the chemical reactivity of the glutaraldehyde, the supports were reduced using sodium borohydride. After enzyme adsorption, the release of the enzyme from the supports using different NaCl concentrations, Triton X100, ionic detergents (SDS and CTAB), or different temperatures (4 °C to 55 °C) was studied. Using MANAE support, at 0.3 M NaCl almost all the immobilized enzyme was released. Using MANAE-GLU, 0.3 M, and 0.6 M NaCl similar results were obtained. However, incubation at 1 M or 2 M NaCl, many enzyme molecules were not released from the support. For the MANAE-GLU-GLU support, none of the tested concentrations of NaCl was sufficient to release all enzyme bound to the support. Only using high temperatures, 0.6 M NaCl, and 1 % CTAB or SDS, could the totality of the proteins be released from the support. The results shown in this paper confirm the heterofunctional character of aminated supports modified with glutaraldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra de Andrades
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain; Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Abellanas
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain; Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Complutense Ave., Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Andres R Alcantara
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | | | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais 12, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain.
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10
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Abdelkader I, Guisán JM, Sayari A, Fernández-Lorente G. Various Strategies for the Immobilization of a Phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus for the Modulation of Its Biochemical Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:1467. [PMID: 38611747 PMCID: PMC11013441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of various immobilization methods on the biochemical properties of phospholipase C (PLC) from Bacillus cereus obtained from the oily soil located in Sfax, Tunisia, was described. Different supports were checked: octyl sepharose, glyoxyl agarose in the presence of N-acetyl cysteine, and Q-sepharose. In the immobilization by hydrophobic adsorption, a hyperactivation of the PLCBc was obtained with a fold of around 2 times. The recovery activity after immobilization on Q-sepharose and glyoxyl agarose in the presence of N-acetyl cysteine was 80% and 58%, respectively. Furthermore, the biochemical characterization showed an important improvement in the three immobilized enzymes. The performance of the various immobilized PLCBc was compared with the soluble enzyme. The derivatives acquired using Q-sepharose, octyl sepharose, and glyoxyl agarose were stable at 50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C. Nevertheless, the three derivatives were more stable in a large range of pH than the soluble enzyme. The three derivatives and the free enzyme were stable in 50% (v/v) ethanol, hexane, methanol, and acetone. The glyoxyl agarose derivative showed high long-term storage at 4 °C, with an activity of 60% after 19 days. These results suggest the sustainable biotechnological application of the developed immobilized enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Abdelkader
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, PB 1173, Km 4 Road Soukra, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (I.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Jose M. Guisán
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP, CSIC), Marie Curie, 2, UAM Campus, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Adel Sayari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, PB 1173, Km 4 Road Soukra, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (I.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Gloria Fernández-Lorente
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Food Biocatalysis, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, UAM Campus, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Ren S, Wang F, Gao H, Han X, Zhang T, Yuan Y, Zhou Z. Recent Progress and Future Prospects of Laccase Immobilization on MOF Supports for Industrial Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:1669-1684. [PMID: 37378720 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Laccase is a multicopper oxidoreductase enzyme that can oxidize organics such as phenolic compounds. Laccases appear to be unstable at room temperature, and their conformation often changes in a strongly acidic or alkaline environment, making them less effective. Therefore, rationally linking enzymes with supports can effectively improve the stability and reusability of native enzymes and add important industrial value. However, in the process of immobilization, many factors may lead to a decrease in enzymatic activity. Therefore, the selection of a suitable support can ensure the activity and economic utilization of immobilized catalysts. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous and simple hybrid support materials. Moreover, the characteristics of the metal ion ligand of MOFs can enable a potential synergistic effect with the metal ions of the active center of metalloenzymes, enhancing the catalytic activity of such enzymes. Therefore, in addition to summarizing the biological characteristics and enzymatic properties of laccase, this article reviews laccase immobilization using MOF supports, as well as the application prospects of immobilized laccase in many fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhu Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University, No 100, Aimin West Road, Langfang, Hebei Province, 065000, People's Republic of China
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Fungi in Hebei Province, Langfang, 065000, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
- Edible and Medicinal Fungi Research and Development Center of Hebei Universities, Langfang, 065000, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University, No 100, Aimin West Road, Langfang, Hebei Province, 065000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University, No 100, Aimin West Road, Langfang, Hebei Province, 065000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Han
- College of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University, No 100, Aimin West Road, Langfang, Hebei Province, 065000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University, No 100, Aimin West Road, Langfang, Hebei Province, 065000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University, No 100, Aimin West Road, Langfang, Hebei Province, 065000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University, No 100, Aimin West Road, Langfang, Hebei Province, 065000, People's Republic of China.
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Fungi in Hebei Province, Langfang, 065000, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.
- Edible and Medicinal Fungi Research and Development Center of Hebei Universities, Langfang, 065000, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Li S, He L, Shi N, Ni Z, Bu Q, Zhu D, Chen H. Display of Lignin Peroxidase on the Surface of Bacillus subtilis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04869-8. [PMID: 38411933 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04869-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Lignin peroxidase (LiP) has a good application prospect in lignin degradation, environmental treatment, straw feed, and other industries. However, its application is constrained by the high price and low stability of enzyme preparation. In this study, the Escherichia coli-Bacillus subtilis (E. coli-B. subtilis) shuttle expression vector pHS-cotG-lip was constructed and displayed on the surface of Bacillus subtilis spores. The analysis of enzymatic properties showed that the optimal catalytic temperature and pH of the immobilized LiP were 55 °C and 4.5, respectively. Compared with free LiP (42 °C and pH4.0), the optimal reaction temperature increased by 13 °C. After incubation at 70 °C for 1 h, its activity remained above 30%, while the free LiP completely lost its activity under the same conditions. Adding Mn2+, DL-lactic acid, and PEG-4000 increased the CotG-LiP enzyme activity to 313%, 146%, and 265%, respectively. The recyclability of spore display made the fusion protein CotG-LiP retain more than 50% enzyme activity after four cycles. The excellent recycling rate indicated that LiP displayed on the spore surface had a good application prospect in sewage treatment and other fields, and also provided a reference for the rapid and low-cost immobilized production of enzyme preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouzhi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Lu He
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Na Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Zhong Ni
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Quan Bu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Daochen Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Huayou Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
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13
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Oliveira SC, Dencheva NV, Denchev ZZ. Immobilization of Enological Pectinase on Magnetic Sensitive Polyamide Microparticles for Wine Clarification. Foods 2024; 13:420. [PMID: 38338555 PMCID: PMC10855548 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of free pectinases as clarification biocatalysts constitutes a well-established practice in the large-scale production of various types of wines. However, when in the form of free enzymes, the recovery and reusability of pectinases is difficult if not impossible. To address these limitations, the present study focuses on the noncovalent adsorption immobilization of a commercial pectinolytic preparation onto highly porous polyamide 6 (PA6) microparticles, both with and without magnetic properties, prepared via activated anionic polymerization. The two pectinase complexes resulting after immobilization underwent comparative activity and kinetic studies, contrasting them with the free enzyme preparation. In comparison with the free enzyme, the PA6-immobilized pectinase complexes exhibited more than double the specific activity toward the pectin substrate. They displayed a slightly higher affinity to the substrate while acting as faster catalysts that were more resistant to inhibition. Furthermore, the immobilized complexes were applied in the clarification process of industrial rosé must, whereby they demonstrated accelerated performance as compared with the free enzyme. Moreover, the PA6-immobilized pectinase biocatalysts offered the potential for three consecutive cycles of reuse, achieving complete rosé must clarification within relevant timeframes in the range of 3-36 h. All these results suggest the potential industrial application of the pectinases noncovalently immobilized upon PA6 microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadya Vasileva Dencheva
- IPC—Institute for Polymers and Composites, Campus of Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (S.C.O.); (Z.Z.D.)
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14
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Zeballos N, Comino N, Andrés-Sanz D, Santiago-Arcos J, Azkargorta M, Elortza F, Diamanti E, López-Gallego F. Region-Directed Enzyme Immobilization through Engineering Protein Surface with Histidine Clusters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:833-846. [PMID: 38135284 PMCID: PMC10788835 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization is a key enabling technology for a myriad of industrial applications, yet immobilization science is still too empirical to reach highly active and robust heterogeneous biocatalysts through a general approach. Conventional protein immobilization methods lack control over how enzymes are oriented on solid carriers, resulting in negative conformational changes that drive enzyme deactivation. Site-selective enzyme immobilization through peptide tags and protein domains addresses the orientation issue, but this approach limits the possible orientations to the N- and C-termini of the target enzyme. In this work, we engineer the surface of two model dehydrogenases to introduce histidine clusters into flexible regions not involved in catalysis, through which immobilization is driven. By varying the position and the histidine density of the clusters, we create a small library of enzyme variants to be immobilized on different carriers functionalized with different densities of various metal chelates (Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Fe3+). We first demonstrate that His-clusters can be as efficient as the conventional His-tags in immobilizing enzymes, recovering even more activity and gaining stability against some denaturing agents. Furthermore, we find that the enzyme orientation as well as the type and density of the metal chelates affect the immobilization parameters (immobilization yield and recovered activity) and the stability of the immobilized enzymes. According to proteomic studies, His-clusters enable a different enzyme orientation as compared to His-tag. Finally, these oriented heterogeneous biocatalysts are implemented in batch reactions, demonstrating that the stability achieved by an optimized orientation translates into increased operational stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoll Zeballos
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramon 194, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Natalia Comino
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramon 194, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Daniel Andrés-Sanz
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramon 194, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Javier Santiago-Arcos
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramon 194, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biology (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 800 Bld, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas
y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Felix Elortza
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biology (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 800 Bld, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas
y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eleftheria Diamanti
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramon 194, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fernando López-Gallego
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramon 194, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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15
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Bilal M, Qamar SA, Carballares D, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Proteases immobilized on nanomaterials for biocatalytic, environmental and biomedical applications: Advantages and drawbacks. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 70:108304. [PMID: 38135131 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Proteases have gained significant scientific and industrial interest due to their unique biocatalytic characteristics and broad-spectrum applications in different industries. The development of robust nanobiocatalytic systems by attaching proteases onto various nanostructured materials as fascinating and novel nanocarriers has demonstrated exceptional biocatalytic performance, substantial stability, and ease of recyclability over multiple reaction cycles under different chemical and physical conditions. Proteases immobilized on nanocarriers may be much more resistant to denaturation caused by extreme temperatures or pH values, detergents, organic solvents, and other protein denaturants than free enzymes. Immobilized proteases may present a lower inhibition. The use of non-porous materials in the immobilization prevents diffusion and steric hindrances during the binding of the substrate to the active sites of enzymes compared to immobilization onto porous materials; when using very large or solid substrates, orientation of the enzyme must always be adequate. The advantages and problems of the immobilization of proteases on nanoparticles are discussed in this review. The continuous and batch reactor operations of nanocarrier-immobilized proteases have been successfully investigated for a variety of applications in the leather, detergent, biomedical, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Information about immobilized proteases on various nanocarriers and nanomaterials has been systematically compiled here. Furthermore, different industrial applications of immobilized proteases have also been highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; Advanced Materials Center, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Sarmad Ahmad Qamar
- Department of Environmental, Biological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Technologies, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Diego Carballares
- Department of Biocatalysis, ICP-CSIC, C/ Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
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16
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Abellanas-Perez P, Carballares D, Rocha-Martin J, Fernandez-Lafuente R. The effects of the chemical modification on immobilized lipase features are affected by the enzyme crowding in the support. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3394. [PMID: 37828788 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we have analyzed the interactions between enzyme crowding on a given support and its chemical modification (ethylenediamine modification via the carbodiimide route and picryl sulfonic (TNBS) modification of the primary amino groups) on the enzyme activity and stability. Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) and lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) were immobilized on octyl-agarose beads at two very different enzyme loadings, one of them exceeding the capacity of the support, one well under this capacity. Chemical modifications of the highly loaded and lowly loaded biocatalysts gave very different results in terms of activity and stability, which could increase or decrease enzyme activity depending on the enzyme support loading. For example, both lowly loaded biocatalysts increased their activity after modification while the effect was the opposite for the highly loaded biocatalysts. Additionally, the modification with TNBS of highly loaded CALB biocatalyst increased its stability while decrease the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Gennari A, Simon R, Benvenutti EV, Nicolodi S, Renard G, Chies JM, Volpato G, Volken de Souza CF. Magnetic core-shell cellulose system for the oriented immobilization of a recombinant β-galactosidase with a protein tag. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128418. [PMID: 38029902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to immobilize a recombinant β-galactosidase (Gal) tagged with a cellulose-binding domain (CBD) onto a magnetic core-shell (CS) cellulose system. After 30 min of reaction, 4 U/capsule were immobilized (CS@Gal), resulting in levels of yield and efficiency exceeding 80 %. The optimal temperature for β-galactosidase-CBD activity increased from 40 to 50 °C following oriented immobilization. The inhibitory effect of galactose decreased in the enzyme reactions catalyzed by CS@Gal, and Mg2+ increased the immobilized enzyme activity by 40 % in the magnetic CS cellulose system. The relative enzyme activity of the CS@Gal was 20 % higher than that of the soluble enzyme activity after 20 min at 50 °C. The CS support and CS@Gal capsules exhibited an average size of 8 ± 1 mm, with the structure of the shell (alginate-pectin-cellulose) enveloping and isolating the magnetic core. The immobilized β-galactosidase-CBD within the magnetic CS cellulose system retained ∼80 % of its capacity to hydrolyze lactose from skim milk after 10 reuse cycles. This study unveils a novel and promising support for the oriented immobilization of recombinant β-galactosidase using a magnetic CS system and a CBD tag. This support facilitates β-galactosidase reuse and efficient separation, consequently enhancing the catalytic properties of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Gennari
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Renate Simon
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Sabrina Nicolodi
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gaby Renard
- Quatro G Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento Ltda, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Giandra Volpato
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul - IFRS, Campus Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Claucia Fernanda Volken de Souza
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil.
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18
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Pardo-Tamayo JS, Arteaga-Collazos S, Domínguez-Hoyos LC, Godoy CA. Biocatalysts Based on Immobilized Lipases for the Production of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters: Enhancement of Activity through Ionic Additives and Ion Exchange Supports. BIOTECH 2023; 12:67. [PMID: 38131679 PMCID: PMC10742180 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic additives affect the structure, activity and stability of lipases, which allow for solving common application challenges, such as preventing the formation of protein aggregates or strengthening enzyme-support binding, preventing their desorption in organic media. This work aimed to design a biocatalyst, based on lipase improved by the addition of ionic additives, applicable in the production of ethyl esters of fatty acids (EE). Industrial enzymes from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL), Rhizomucor miehei (RML), Candida antárctica B (CALB) and Lecitase®, immobilized in commercial supports like Lewatit®, Purolite® and Q-Sepharose®, were tested. The best combination was achieved by immobilizing lipase TLL onto Q-Sepharose® as it surpassed, in terms of %EE (70.1%), the commercial biocatalyst Novozyme® 435 (52.7%) and was similar to that of Lipozyme TL IM (71.3%). Hence, the impact of ionic additives like polymers and surfactants on both free and immobilized TLL on Q-Sepharose® was assessed. It was observed that, when immobilized, in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), the TLL derivative exhibited a significantly higher activity, with a 93-fold increase (1.02 IU), compared to the free enzyme under identical conditions (0.011 IU). In fatty acids ethyl esters synthesis, Q-SDS-TLL novel derivatives achieved results similar to commercial biocatalysts using up to ~82 times less enzyme (1 mg/g). This creates an opportunity to develop biocatalysts with reduced enzyme consumption, a factor often associated with higher production costs. Such advancements would ease their integration into the biodiesel industry, fostering a greener production approach compared to conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S. Pardo-Tamayo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones (LIBB), Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería de los Procesos Agroalimentarios y Biotecnológicos (GIPAB), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia (L.C.D.-H.)
| | | | | | - César A. Godoy
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones (LIBB), Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería de los Procesos Agroalimentarios y Biotecnológicos (GIPAB), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia (L.C.D.-H.)
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19
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Wei G, Zhang C, Zhou N, Wu B, Li H, Zhang A, Ouyang P, Chen K. Preparation of porous chitin beads from waste crayfish shell and application in the co-immobilization of PLP and its dependent enzyme. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121322. [PMID: 37739544 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, co-immobilization of PLP and its dependent enzyme were investigated using a novel type of porous chitin bead (PCB). Crayfish shell was used to prepare PCB via dissolution of it to form beads, followed by the removal of CaCO3 and protein in-situ. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method showed that the PCB had abundant porous structures with deacetylation degree of 33 % and the specific surface area of 35.87 m2/g. Then, the beads are used to co-immobilize pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) and l-lysine decarboxylase fused with chitin-binding protein (SpLDC-ChBD). Laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed that the beads could co-immobilize PLP and SpLDC-ChBD successfully. In addition, a packed bed was also constructed using the PCB containing co-immobilized SpLDC-ChBD and PLP. The substrate conversion remained at 91.09 % after 48 h with 50 g/L l-lysine, which showed good continuous catalysis ability. This study provides a novel method for co-immobilization of enzyme and PLP, as well as develops a new application of waste crustacean shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoguang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Alei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; Zhejiang Zhongshan Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd, Huzhou 313100, China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kequan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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20
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Monteiro RRC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Rocha-Martin J, Vieira RS, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Biocatalytic production of biolubricants: Strategies, problems and future trends. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108215. [PMID: 37473819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The increasing worries by the inadequate use of energy and the preservation of nature are promoting an increasing interest in the production of biolubricants. After discussing the necessity of producing biolubricants, this review focuses on the production of these interesting molecules through the use of lipases, discussing the different possibilities (esterification of free fatty acids, hydroesterification or transesterification of oils and fats, transesterification of biodiesel with more adequate alcohols, estolides production, modification of fatty acids). The utilization of discarded substrates has special interest due to the double positive ecological impact (e.g., oil distillated, overused oils). Pros and cons of all these possibilities, together with general considerations to optimize the different processes will be outlined. Some possibilities to overcome some of the problems detected in the production of these interesting compounds will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolpho R C Monteiro
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455760 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo S Vieira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455760 Fortaleza, Brazil.
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21
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Zhao YQ, Yu SS, Chen MY, Wang Y, Shi YJ, Wang XY, Zhao JM, Dong LY, Zhao ZY, Wang XH. Synthesis of micron-sized magnetic agarose beads chelated with nickel ions towards the affinity-based separation of histidine-tagged/rich proteins. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1708:464365. [PMID: 37696128 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing high-performance magnetic particles for the effective separation and purification of target proteins has become an important topic in the area of biomedical research. In this work, a simple and novel strategy was proposed for fabricating magnetic Fe3O4@agarose-iminodiacetic acid-Ni microspheres (MAIN), which can efficiently and selectively isolate histidine-tagged/rich proteins (His-proteins). Based on the thermoreversible sol-gel transition of agarose, basic magnetic agarose microspheres were prepared through the inverse emulsion method, in which the emulsion contained agarose and amine-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The size of the emulsion was controlled by the emulsification of a high-speed shear machine, which improved the specific surface area of MAIN. Subsequently, the amine-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles were covalently crosslinked with agarose through epichlorohydrin, which could avoid leakage of the magnetic source during use and increase the stability of MAIN. The microsized MAIN exhibited a clearly visible spherical core-shell structure with a diameter range from 3.4 μm to 9.8 μm, and excellent suspension ability in aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption capacity of MAIN for histidine-rich bovine hemoglobin was 1069.2 mg g-1 at 35 °C, which was higher than those of commercialized and most reported magnetic agarose microspheres/nanoparticles. The MAIN showed excellent adsorption ability and selectivity toward His-proteins in a mixture of histidine-rich bovine serum albumin (BSA) and histidine-poor lysozyme (LYZ). When the amount of LYZ was 5-fold higher than that of BSA, the recovery of BSA reached 75.0%. To prove its practicability, MAIN was successfully employed for the enrichment of histidine-tagged RSV-F0 from the cell culture medium supernatant. According to the optimized conditions, MAIN could enrich approximately 0.1 mg of RSV-F0 from 1 mL of complex biological sample. Therefore, we believe that the novel MAIN could be applicable for efficient separation and purification of His-proteins from complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qi Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital / Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Shi-Song Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital / Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Meng-Ying Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital / Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yu-Jun Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital / Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jia-Meng Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital / Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Lin-Yi Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital / Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China.
| | - Xian-Hua Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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Costa IO, Morais JRF, de Medeiros Dantas JM, Gonçalves LRB, Dos Santos ES, Rios NS. Enzyme immobilization technology as a tool to innovate in the production of biofuels: A special review of the Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEAs) strategy. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 170:110300. [PMID: 37523882 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
This review emphasizes the crucial role of enzyme immobilization technology in advancing the production of two main biofuels, ethanol and biodiesel, with a specific focus on the Cross-linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEAs) strategy. This method of immobilization has gained attention due to its simplicity and affordability, as it does not initially require a solid support. CLEAs synthesis protocol includes two steps: enzyme precipitation and cross-linking of aggregates using bifunctional agents. We conducted a thorough search for papers detailing the synthesis of CLEAs utilizing amylases, cellulases, and hemicellulases. These key enzymes are involved in breaking down starch or lignocellulosic materials to produce ethanol, both in first and second-generation processes. CLEAs of lipases were included as these enzymes play a crucial role in the enzymatic process of biodiesel production. However, when dealing with large or diverse substrates such as lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production and oils/fats for biodiesel production, the use of individual enzymes may not be the most efficient method. Instead, a system that utilizes a blend of enzymes may prove to be more effective. To innovate in the production of biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel), enzyme co-immobilization using different enzyme species to produce Combi-CLEAs is a promising trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Oliveira Costa
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Nathália Saraiva Rios
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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23
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Holyavka MG, Goncharova SS, Redko YA, Lavlinskaya MS, Sorokin AV, Artyukhov VG. Novel biocatalysts based on enzymes in complexes with nano- and micromaterials. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:1127-1158. [PMID: 37975005 PMCID: PMC10643816 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In today's world, there is a wide array of materials engineered at the nano- and microscale, with numerous applications attributed to these innovations. This review aims to provide a concise overview of how nano- and micromaterials are utilized for enzyme immobilization. Enzymes act as eco-friendly biocatalysts extensively used in various industries and medicine. However, their widespread adoption faces challenges due to factors such as enzyme instability under different conditions, resulting in reduced effectiveness, high costs, and limited reusability. To address these issues, researchers have explored immobilization techniques using nano- and microscale materials as a potential solution. Such techniques offer the promise of enhancing enzyme stability against varying temperatures, solvents, pH levels, pollutants, and impurities. Consequently, enzyme immobilization remains a subject of great interest within both the scientific community and the industrial sector. As of now, the primary goal of enzyme immobilization is not solely limited to enabling reusability and stability. It has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to enhance various enzyme properties and improve biocatalyst performance and characteristics. The integration of nano- and microscale materials into biomedical devices is seamless, given the similarity in size to most biological systems. Common materials employed in developing these nanotechnology products include synthetic polymers, carbon-based nanomaterials, magnetic micro- and nanoparticles, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, nano-sized mesoporous hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks, protein-based nano-delivery systems, lipid-based nano- and micromaterials, and polysaccharide-based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Holyavka
- Voronezh State University, Voronezh, 394018 Russia
- Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, 299053 Russia
| | | | - Y. A. Redko
- Voronezh State University, Voronezh, 394018 Russia
| | - M. S. Lavlinskaya
- Voronezh State University, Voronezh, 394018 Russia
- Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, 299053 Russia
| | - A. V. Sorokin
- Voronezh State University, Voronezh, 394018 Russia
- Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, 299053 Russia
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24
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Abellanas-Perez P, Carballares D, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rocha-Martin J. Glutaraldehyde modification of lipases immobilized on octyl agarose beads: Roles of the support enzyme loading and chemical amination of the enzyme on the final enzyme features. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125853. [PMID: 37460068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) and lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) have been immobilized on octyl agarose at low loading and at a loading exceeding the maximum support capacity. Then, the enzymes have been treated with glutaraldehyde and inactivated at pH 7.0 in Tris-HCl, sodium phosphate and HEPES, giving different stabilities. Stabilization (depending on the buffer) of the highly loaded biocatalysts was found, very likely as a consequence of the detected intermolecular crosslinkings. This did not occur for the lowly loaded biocatalysts. Next, the enzymes were chemically aminated and then treated with glutaraldehyde. In the case of TLL, the intramolecular crosslinkings (visible by the apparent reduction of the protein size) increased enzyme stability of the lowly loaded biocatalysts, an effect that was further increased for the highly loaded biocatalysts due to intermolecular crosslinkings. Using CALB, the intramolecular crosslinkings were less intense, and the stabilization was lower, even though the intermolecular crosslinkings were quite intense for the highly loaded biocatalyst. The stabilization detected depended on the inactivation buffer. The interactions between enzyme loading and inactivating buffer on the effects of the chemical modifications suggest that the modification and inactivation studies must be performed under the target biocatalysts and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid Spain.
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25
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Sorokin AV, Goncharova SS, Lavlinskaya MS, Holyavka MG, Faizullin DA, Zuev YF, Kondratyev MS, Artyukhov VG. Complexation of Bromelain, Ficin, and Papain with the Graft Copolymer of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium Salt and N-Vinylimidazole Enhances Enzyme Proteolytic Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11246. [PMID: 37511006 PMCID: PMC10379864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the features of interactions between cysteine proteases (bromelain, ficin, and papain) and a graft copolymer of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt with N-vinylimidazole. The objective is to understand the influence of this interactions on the proteolytic activity and stability of the enzymes. The enzymes were immobilized through complexation with the carrier. The interaction mechanism was examined using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and flexible molecular docking simulations. The findings reveal that the enzymes interact with the functional groups of the carrier via amino acid residues, resulting in the formation of secondary structure elements and enzyme's active sites. These interactions induce modulation of active site of the enzymes, leading to an enhancement in their proteolytic activity. Furthermore, the immobilized enzymes demonstrate superior stability compared to their native counterparts. Notably, during a 21-day incubation period, no protein release from the conjugates was observed. These results suggest that the complexation of the enzymes with the graft copolymer has the potential to improve their performance as biocatalysts, with applications in various fields such as biomedicine, pharmaceutics, and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Sorokin
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Bioresource Potential of the Seaside Territory Laboratory, Sevastopol State University, 33 Studencheskaya Street, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Svetlana S Goncharova
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Maria S Lavlinskaya
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Bioresource Potential of the Seaside Territory Laboratory, Sevastopol State University, 33 Studencheskaya Street, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Marina G Holyavka
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Bioresource Potential of the Seaside Territory Laboratory, Sevastopol State University, 33 Studencheskaya Street, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Dzhigangir A Faizullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yuriy F Zuev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Alexander Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Street 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Maxim S Kondratyev
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the RAS, 3 Institutskaya Street, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Valeriy G Artyukhov
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
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Bhattacharjee N, Alonso-Cotchico L, Lucas MF. Enzyme immobilization studied through molecular dynamic simulations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1200293. [PMID: 37362217 PMCID: PMC10285225 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1200293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, simulations have been used to great advantage to understand the structural and dynamic aspects of distinct enzyme immobilization strategies, as experimental techniques have limitations in establishing their impact at the molecular level. In this review, we discuss how molecular dynamic simulations have been employed to characterize the surface phenomenon in the enzyme immobilization procedure, in an attempt to decipher its impact on the enzyme features, such as activity and stability. In particular, computational studies on the immobilization of enzymes using i) nanoparticles, ii) self-assembled monolayers, iii) graphene and carbon nanotubes, and iv) other surfaces are covered. Importantly, this thorough literature survey reveals that, while simulations have been primarily performed to rationalize the molecular aspects of the immobilization event, their use to predict adequate protocols that can control its impact on the enzyme properties is, up to date, mostly missing.
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27
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He L, Zeng C, Wei L, Xu L, Song F, Huang J, Zhong N. Fabrication of immobilized lipases for efficient preparation of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol. Food Chem 2023; 408:135236. [PMID: 36549162 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to fabricate immobilized lipases for efficient preparation of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (OPO) through acidolysis of glycerol tripalmitate (PPP). Twelve (three types) supports and five lipases were studied carefully. Among them, the immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase (TLL) samples exhibited overall better performance than that of other immobilized lipases. Particularly, organic groups functionalized SBA-15 (R-SBA-15) supported TLL (TLL@R-SBA-15) samples gave PPP conversion from 97.70 to 99.00 % and OPO content from 59.52 to 64.73 %. After optimization, PPP conversion up to 99.07 %, OPO content 73.15 % and sn-2 palmitic acid content 90.09 % were obtained with TLL@C18H37-SBA-15 as catalyst. Moreover, TLL@C18H37-SBA-15 exhibited better acidolysis performance from 50 °C than that from 60 to 80 °C, which helped inhibit acyl migration. In addition, after 5 cycles of reuse, TLL@C18H37-SBA-15 retained 81.04 % (based on OPO content) and 98.88 % (based on sn-2 palmitic acid content) of its initial activity, indicating it had an attractive prospect in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong He
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Can Zeng
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Lingfeng Wei
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Fenglin Song
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Jianrong Huang
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Nanjing Zhong
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
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28
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Artico M, Roux C, Peruch F, Mingotaud AF, Montanier CY. Grafting of proteins onto polymeric surfaces: A synthesis and characterization challenge. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108106. [PMID: 36738895 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This review aims at answering the following question: how can a researcher be sure to succeed in grafting a protein onto a polymer surface? Even if protein immobilization on solid supports has been used industrially for a long time, hence enabling natural enzymes to serve as a powerful tool, emergence of new supports such as polymeric surfaces for the development of so-called intelligent materials requires new approaches. In this review, we introduce the challenges in grafting protein on synthetic polymers, mainly because compared to hard surfaces, polymers may be sensitive to various aqueous media, depending on the pH or reductive molecules, or may exhibit state transitions with temperature. Then, the specificity of grafting on synthetic polymers due to difference of chemical functions availability or difference of physical properties are summarized. We present next the various available routes to covalently bond the protein onto the polymeric substrates considering the functional groups coming from the monomers used during polymerization reaction or post-modification of the surfaces. We also focus our review on a major concern of grafting protein, which is avoiding the potential loss of function of the immobilized protein. Meanwhile, this review considers the different methods of characterization used to determine the grafting efficiency but also the behavior of enzymes once grafted. We finally dedicate the last part of this review to industrial application and future prospective, considering the sustainable processes based on green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Artico
- Laboratory IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - C Roux
- Laboratory IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - F Peruch
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, Pessac, France
| | - A-F Mingotaud
- Laboratory IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - C Y Montanier
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
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29
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Minoia JM, Villanueva ME, Copello GJ, Rodríguez Talou J, Cardillo AB. Recycling of hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase for the in vitro production of anisodamine and scopolamine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3459-3478. [PMID: 37099059 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12537-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine, anisodamine, and scopolamine are extensively used medicines. In particular, scopolamine has the greatest value in the market. Hence, strategies to enhance its production have been explored as an alternative to traditional field-plant cultivation. In this work, we developed biocatalytic strategies for the transformation of hyoscyamine into its products utilizing a recombinant Hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase (H6H) fusion protein to the chitin-binding domain of the chitinase A1 from Bacillus subtilis (ChBD-H6H). Catalysis was carried out in batch, and recycling of H6H constructions was performed via affinity-immobilization, glutaraldehyde crosslinking, and adsorption-desorption of the enzyme to different chitin matrices. ChBD-H6H utilized as free enzyme achieved complete conversion of hyoscyamine in 3- and 22-h bioprocesses. Chitin particles demonstrated to be the most convenient support for ChBD-H6H immobilization and recycling. Affinity-immobilized ChBD-H6H operated in a three-cycle bioprocess (3 h/cycle, 30 °C) yielded in the first and third reaction cycle 49.8% and 22.2% of anisodamine and 0.7% and 0.3% of scopolamine, respectively. However, glutaraldehyde crosslinking decreased enzymatic activity in a broad range of concentrations. Instead, the adsorption-desorption approach equaled the maximal conversion of the free enzyme in the first cycle and retained higher enzymatic activity than the carrier-bound strategy along the consecutive cycles. The adsorption-desorption strategy permitted the reutilization of the enzyme in a simple and economical manner while exploiting the maximal conversion activity displayed by the free enzyme. This approach is valid since other enzymes present in the E. coli lysate do not interfere with the reaction. KEY POINTS: • A biocatalytic system for anisodamine and scopolamine production was developed. • Affinity-immobilized ChBD-H6H in ChP retained catalytic activity. • Enzyme-recycling by adsorption-desorption strategies improves product yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Minoia
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Villanueva
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján (UNLu), Luján, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo J Copello
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julián Rodríguez Talou
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra B Cardillo
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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30
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Robescu MS, Alcántara AR, Calvio C, Morelli CF, Speranza G, Ubiali D, Bavaro T. l-Theanine Goes Greener: A Highly Efficient Bioprocess Catalyzed by the Immobilized γ-Glutamyl Transferase from Bacillus subtilis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202108. [PMID: 36655933 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
l-Theanine (l-Th) was synthesized by simply mixing the reactants (l-glutamine and ethylamine in water) at 25 °C and Bacillus subtilis γ-glutamyl transferase (BsGGT) covalently immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose according to a methodology previously reported by our research group; neither buffers, nor other additives were needed. Ratio of l-glutamine (donor) to ethylamine (acceptor), pH, enzymatic units (IU), and reaction time were optimized (molar ratio of donor/acceptor=1 : 8, pH 11.6, 1 IU mL-1 , 6 h), furnishing l-Th in 93 % isolated yield (485 mg, 32.3 g L-1 ) and high purity (99 %), after a simple filtration of the immobilized biocatalyst, distillation of the volatiles (unreacted ethylamine) and direct lyophilization. Immobilized BsGGT was re-used (four reaction cycles) with 100 % activity retention. This enzymatic synthesis represents a straightforward, fast, high-yielding, and easily scalable approach to l-Th preparation, besides having a favorable green chemistry metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina S Robescu
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrés R Alcántara
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ramon y Cajal s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cinzia Calvio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 1, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo F Morelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, via Golgi 19, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Speranza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, via Golgi 19, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Ubiali
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Teodora Bavaro
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy
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Wan J, Zou JM, Zhou SJ, Pan FL, Hua F, Zhang YL, Nie JF, Zhang Y. A bimetallic (Ni/Co) metal-organic framework with excellent oxidase-like activity for colorimetric sensing of ascorbic acid. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1819-1825. [PMID: 36961405 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01927b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A novel nanozyme of bimetallic (Ni/Co) metal-organic framework (Ni/Co-MOF) was synthesized using a simultaneous precipitation and acid etching method with a zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF-67 as the template. The as-synthesized Ni/Co-MOF catalyst presented a three-dimensional hollow nanocage structure and exhibited excellent intrinsic oxidase-like activity. It was demonstrated that Ni/Co-MOF could directly catalyze the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to produce a blue product (oxidized TMB, oxTMB) in the absence of H2O2. The mechanisms and kinetics of this nanozyme activity were investigated, and it was determined that the catalytic activity of Ni/Co-MOF was closely related to temperature and solution pH. Owing to its strong reducibility, ascorbic acid (AA) could reduce oxTMB, and the blue color of the reaction mixture faded over time. Therefore, a novel colorimetric platform was constructed to detect AA based on the oxidase-like activity of Ni/Co-MOF. Under optimal conditions, the absorbance of ox-TMB at 652 nm decreased linearly over the 0.015-50 μM AA range with a detection limit of 0.004 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Jian-Mei Zou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Shu-Jing Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Feng-Lan Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Fei Hua
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Yu-Lan Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Jin-Fang Nie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Yun Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin 541004, China.
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Mahdi HI, Ramlee NN, da Silva Duarte JL, Cheng YS, Selvasembian R, Amir F, de Oliveira LH, Wan Azelee NI, Meili L, Rangasamy G. A comprehensive review on nanocatalysts and nanobiocatalysts for biodiesel production in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brazil and USA. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 319:138003. [PMID: 36731678 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel is an alternative to fossil-derived diesel with similar properties and several environmental benefits. Biodiesel production using conventional catalysts such as homogeneous, heterogeneous, or enzymatic catalysts faces a problem regarding catalysts deactivation after repeated reaction cycles. Heterogeneous nanocatalysts and nanobiocatalysts (enzymes) have shown better advantages due to higher activity, recyclability, larger surface area, and improved active sites. Despite a large number of studies on this subject, there are still challenges regarding its stability, recyclability, and scale-up processes for biodiesel production. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review current modifications and role of nanocatalysts and nanobiocatalysts and also to observe effect of various parameters on biodiesel production. Nanocatalysts and nanobiocatalysts demonstrate long-term stability due to strong Brønsted-Lewis acidity, larger active spots and better accessibility leading to enhancethe biodiesel production. Incorporation of metal supporting positively contributes to shorten the reaction time and enhance the longer reusability. Furthermore, proper operating parameters play a vital role to optimize the biodiesel productivity in the commercial scale process due to higher conversion, yield and selectivity with the lower process cost. This article also analyses the relationship between different types of feedstocks towards the quality and quantity of biodiesel production. Crude palm oil is convinced as the most prospective and promising feedstock due to massive production, low cost, and easily available. It also evaluates key factors and technologies for biodiesel production in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brazil, and the USA as the biggest biodiesel production supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilman Ibnu Mahdi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan; Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Nurfadhila Nasya Ramlee
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - José Leandro da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Applied Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Yu-Shen Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan; College of Future, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan
| | - Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, India.
| | - Faisal Amir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Mercu Buana (UMB), Jl. Raya, RT.4/RW.1, Meruya Sel., Kec. Kembangan, Jakarta, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta, 11650, Indonesia
| | - Leonardo Hadlich de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Adsorption and Ion Exchange (LATI), Chemical Engineering Department (DEQ), State University of Maringá, Maringá (UEM), 5790 Colombo Avenue, Zone 7, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Nur Izyan Wan Azelee
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), UTM Skudai, 81310, Skudai Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Lucas Meili
- Laboratory of Processes (LAPRO), Center of Technology, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, Tabuleiro Dos Martins, 57072-970, Maceió, AL, Brazil.
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India.
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Fabbri F, Bischof S, Mayr S, Gritsch S, Jimenez Bartolome M, Schwaiger N, Guebitz GM, Weiss R. The Biomodified Lignin Platform: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071694. [PMID: 37050308 PMCID: PMC10096731 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A reliance on fossil fuel has led to the increased emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The excessive consumption of raw materials today makes the search for sustainable resources more pressing than ever. Technical lignins are mainly used in low-value applications such as heat and electricity generation. Green enzyme-based modifications of technical lignin have generated a number of functional lignin-based polymers, fillers, coatings, and many other applications and materials. These bio-modified technical lignins often display similar properties in terms of their durability and elasticity as fossil-based materials while also being biodegradable. Therefore, it is possible to replace a wide range of environmentally damaging materials with lignin-based ones. By researching publications from the last 20 years focusing on the latest findings utilizing databases, a comprehensive collection on this topic was crafted. This review summarizes the recent progress made in enzymatically modifying technical lignins utilizing laccases, peroxidases, and lipases. The underlying enzymatic reaction mechanisms and processes are being elucidated and the application possibilities discussed. In addition, the environmental assessment of novel technical lignin-based products as well as the developments, opportunities, and challenges are highlighted.
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Performance of Eversa Transform 2.0 Lipase in Ester Production Using Babassu Oil (Orbignya sp.) and Tucuman Oil (Astrocaryum vulgar): A Comparative Study between Liquid and Immobilized Forms in Fe3O4 Nanoparticles. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, biodiesel was produced through the enzymatic esterification of vegetable oils from two common Brazilian palm trees: babassu and tucuman. The oils were hydrolyzed by a chemical route and their free fatty acids esterified with ethanol and methanol using the lipase enzyme Eversa® Transform 2.0 in free forms and supported in iron magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) (enzymatic load: 80 UpNPBg−1). These enzymatic reactions were performed at an oil–alcohol molar ratio of 1:1, reaction temperature of 37 °C, agitation at 150 rpm, and reaction times of 2, 4, 6 and 8 h for the reactions catalyzed by the soluble enzyme and 8 h for the reactions using the biocatalyst. The conversions of fatty acids in ethyl and methyl esters obtained were monitored by gas chromatography (CG). The results obtained from ester synthesis using enzyme catalysts in free form were better: babassu 52.6% (methanol) and 57.5% (ethanol), and for tucuman 96.7% (methanol) and 93.4% (ethanol). In the case of immobilized enzymes, the results obtained ranged from 68.7% to 82.2% for babassu and from 32.5% to 86.0% for tucuman, with three cycles of reuse and without significant catalyst loss. Molecular coupling studies revealed the structures of lipase and that linoleic acid bonded near the active site of the enzyme with the best free energy of −6.5 Kcal/mol.
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Saddique Z, Imran M, Javaid A, Rizvi NB, Akhtar MN, Iqbal HMN, Bilal M. Enzyme-Linked Metal Organic Frameworks for Biocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics. Catal Letters 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMetal organic frameworks (MOFs) are multi-dimensional network of crystalline material held together by bonding of metal atoms and organic ligands. Owing to unique structural, chemical, and physical properties, MOFs has been used for enzyme immobilization to be employed in different catalytic process, including catalytic degradation of antibiotics. Immobilization process other than providing large surface provides enzyme with enhanced stability, catalytic activity, reusability, and selectivity. There are various approaches of enzyme immobilization over MOFs including physical adsorption, chemical bonding, diffusion and in situ encapsulation. In situ encapsulation is one the best approach that provides extra stability from unfolding and denaturation in harsh industrial conditions. Presence of antibiotic in environment is highly damaging for human in particular and ecosystem in general. Different methods such as ozonation, oxidation, chlorination and catalysis are available for degradation or removal of antibiotics from environment, however these are associated with several issues. Contrary to these, enzyme immobilized MOFs are novel system to be used in catalytic degradation of antibiotics. Enzyme@MOFs are more stable, reusable and more efficient owing to additional support of MOFs to natural enzymes in well-established process of photocatalysis for degradation of antibiotics aimed at environmental remediation. Prime focus of this review is to present catalytic degradation of antibiotics by enzyme@MOFs while outlining their synthetics approaches, characterization, and mechanism of degradation. Furthermore, this review highlights the significance of enzyme@MOFs system for antibiotics degradation in particular and environmental remediation in general. Current challenges and future perspective of research in this field are also outlined along with concluding comments.
Graphical Abstract
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Laccase multi-point covalent immobilization: characterization, kinetics, and its hydrophobicity applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:719-733. [PMID: 36602562 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila was immobilized using one-point and multi-point covalent attachment on both a native and a modified new commercial epoxy carrier (Immobead 150P). After 10 cycles of operation at pH 3.0 and temperature 70 °C, the multi-point covalently immobilized laccase on the modified Immobead 150P performed best in terms of immobilization characteristics, retaining 95% of its initial activity. Thermodynamic parameters of thermal inactivation emphasized the positive impact of the immobilization procedure. At 50 °C, the immobilized and free enzyme activity levels dropped by 27 and 73%, respectively, after 48 h of incubation. The immobilized enzyme enhanced its stability in alkaline conditions, resuming 95% of its original activity after 3 h at pH 9.0. Immobilization reduced substrate affinity because the free laccase's Km value was lower than that of the immobilized laccase. Finally, the application of immobilized laccase in an innovative wood treatment process was tested by grafting lauryl gallate (LG) in order to provide hydrophobic properties to the wood. The results showed a relative water contact angle of 85.7% for treated wood, whereas the control showed only 26.6%, after 4 min of contact between water and beechwood surface. KEY POINTS: • Multi-point covalent immobilization of a commercial laccase on a commercial support. • Enzymatic parameters generally improved by immobilization process. • New application of immobilized laccase: enzymatic-assisted wood hydrophobization.
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Tan Z, Cheng H, Chen G, Ju F, Fernández-Lucas J, Zdarta J, Jesionowski T, Bilal M. Designing multifunctional biocatalytic cascade system by multi-enzyme co-immobilization on biopolymers and nanostructured materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:535-550. [PMID: 36516934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, enzyme-based biocatalytic systems have garnered increasing interest in industrial and applied research for catalysis and organic chemistry. Many enzymatic reactions have been applied to sustainable and environmentally friendly production processes, particularly in the pharmaceutical, fine chemicals, and flavor/fragrance industries. However, only a fraction of the enzymes available has been stepped up towards industrial-scale manufacturing due to low enzyme stability and challenging separation, recovery, and reusability. In this context, immobilization and co-immobilization in robust support materials have emerged as valuable strategies to overcome these inadequacies by facilitating repeated or continuous batch operations and downstream processes. To further reduce separations, it can be advantageous to use multiple enzymes at once in one pot. Enzyme co-immobilization enables biocatalytic synergism and reusability, boosting process efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Several studies on multi-enzyme immobilization and co-localization propose kinetic advantages of the enhanced turnover number for multiple enzymes. This review spotlights recent progress in developing versatile biocatalytic cascade systems by multi-enzyme co-immobilization on environmentally friendly biopolymers and nanostructured materials and their application scope in the chemical and biotechnological industries. After a succinct overview of carrier-based and carrier-free immobilization/co-immobilizations, co-immobilization of enzymes on a range of biopolymer and nanomaterials-based supports is thoroughly compiled with contemporary and state-of-the-art examples. This study provides a new horizon in developing effective and innovative multi-enzymatic systems with new possibilities to fully harness the adventure of biocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbiao Tan
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China.
| | - Hairong Cheng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Gang Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China
| | - Fang Ju
- Sateri (Jiangsu) Fiber Co. Ltd., Suqian 221428, PR China
| | - Jesús Fernández-Lucas
- Applied Biotechnology Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Urbanización El Bosque, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, GICNEX, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, 080002 Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Jakub Zdarta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60695 Poznan, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60695 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Conversion and Process Integration, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, PR China
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Fernandez-Lafuente R. Enzyme Immobilization. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031373. [PMID: 36771039 PMCID: PMC9921461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of enzyme immobilization started in the middle of the previous century as a potential answer to the problem of the enzyme recovery and reuse [...].
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Ifko D, Vasić K, Knez Ž, Leitgeb M. (Magnetic) Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates of Cellulase from T. reesei: A Stable and Efficient Biocatalyst. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031305. [PMID: 36770972 PMCID: PMC9919482 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) represent an effective tool for carrier-free immobilization of enzymes. The present study promotes a successful application of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for stabilization of cellulase CLEAs. Catalytically active CLEAs and magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates (mCLEAs) of cellulase from Trichoderma reesei were prepared using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a cross-linking agent and the catalytic activity and stability of the CLEAs/mCLEAs were investigated. The influence of precipitation agents, cross-linker concentration, concentration of enzyme, addition of bovine serum albumin (BSA), and addition of sodium cyanoborohydride (NaBH3CN) on expressed activity and immobilization yield of CLEAs/mCLEAs was studied. Particularly, reducing the unsaturated Schiff's base to form irreversible linkages is important and improved the activity of CLEAs (86%) and mCLEAs (91%). For increased applicability of CLEAs/mCLEAs, we enhanced the activity and stability at mild biochemical process conditions. The reusability after 10 cycles of both CLEAs and mCLEAs was investigated, which retained 72% and 65% of the initial activity, respectively. The thermal stability of CLEAs and mCLEAs in comparison with the non-immobilized enzyme was obtained at 30 °C (145.65% and 188.7%, respectively) and 50 °C (185.1% and 141.4%, respectively). Kinetic parameters were determined for CLEAs and mCLEAs, and the KM constant was found at 0.055 ± 0.0102 mM and 0.037 ± 0.0012 mM, respectively. The maximum velocity rate (Vmax) was calculated as 1.12 ± 0.0012 µmol/min for CLEA and 1.17 ± 0.0023 µmol/min for mCLEA. Structural characterization was studied using XRD, SEM, and FT-IR. Catalytical properties of immobilized enzyme were improved with the addition of reducent NaBH3CN by enhancing the activity of CLEAs and with addition of functionalized aminosilane MNPs by enhancing the activity of mCLEAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušica Ifko
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Katja Vasić
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Applied Electromagnetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Institute of Electrical Power Engineering, University of Maribor, Koroška Cesta 46, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Željko Knez
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maja Leitgeb
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-2-2294-462
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Technical–Economic Assessment—The Missing Piece for Increasing the Attractiveness of Applied Biocatalysis in Ester Syntheses? Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the current literature describes significant advances in biocatalytic ester syntheses, few industrial plants worldwide are currently producing esters using biocatalysts. Green and sustainable esters can be obtained via a biocatalytic route, including some operational advantages over conventional syntheses. An analysis of the literature revealed that most articles neglect or describe the economic issues generically, without quantitative information. Scaling-up studies are also scarce in this field. The main disadvantage of biocatalysis using immobilized lipases—their cost—has not been studied at the same level of depth as other technical aspects. This gap in the literature is less intense in enzymatic biodiesel production studies and, despite the lack of a strict correlation, enzymatic biodiesel commercial plants are relatively more common. Preliminary techno-economic assessments are crucial to identify and circumvent the economic drawbacks of biocatalytic ester syntheses, opening the way to broader application of this technology in a large-scale context.
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Wahba MI. Boosting the stability of β-galactosidase immobilized onto soy-protein isolate-glutaraldehyde-functionalized carrageenan beads. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:32. [PMID: 36606138 PMCID: PMC9807714 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled enzyme-immobilizer interactions were evident after immobilizing β-galactosidase onto soy-protein isolate-glutaraldehyde-functionalized carrageenan beads. Such interactions triggered shortcomings in the immobilized β-galactosidase (iβGL) thermal and storage stabilities. The thermal stability of the iβGL was somewhat lesser than that of the free βGL. Moreover, the iβGL suffered an initial sharp fall-off in its activity after storing it. Thus, approaches were adopted to prevent the occurrence of such uncontrolled enzyme-immobilizer interactions, and accordingly, boost the stability of the iβGL. These approaches involved neutralizing the covalently reactive GA entities via glycine and also altering the functionalizing GA concentrations. Nonetheless, no improvement was recorded in the iβGL thermal stability and this indicated that the uncontrolled enzyme-immobilizer interactions were not mediated via GA. Another approach was then attempted which involved treating the iβGL with lactose. The lactose-treated iβGL (LT-iβGL) presented superior thermal stability as was verified from its smaller k d and bigger t 1/2 and D-values. The LT-iβGL t 1/2 values were 5.60 and 3.53 fold higher than those presented by the free βGL at 62 and 65 °C, respectively. Moreover, the LT- iβGL presented loftier ΔG than did the free βGL. The storage stability of the LT- iβGL was also superior as it offered 100.41% of its commencing activity on its 43rd storage day. Thus, it could be concluded that lactose prevented the uncontrolled enzyme-immobilizer interactions. Finally, advantageous galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) were prepared via the iβGL. The GOS were then analyzed with mass spectrometry, and it was shown that their degree of polymerization reached up to 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa I. Wahba
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Center, El-Behooth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt ,grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Centre of Scientific Excellence-Group of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, National Research Centre, El-Behooth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Lu C, Zou K, Guo B, Li Q, Wang Z, Xiao W, Zhao L. Linker-peptide-mediated one-step purification and immobilization of α-L-rhamnosidase from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron for direct biotransformation from epimedin C to icariin. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 162:110131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ye Q, Jin X, Gao H, Wei N. Site-Specific and Tunable Co-immobilization of Proteins onto Magnetic Nanoparticles via Spy Chemistry. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5665-5674. [PMID: 36194637 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Co-immobilization of multiple proteins onto one nanosupport has large potential in mimicking natural multiprotein complexes and constructing efficient cascade biocatalytic systems. However, control of different proteins regarding their spatial arrangement and loading ratio remains a big challenge, and protein co-immobilization often requires the use of purified proteins. Herein, built upon our recently designed SpyTag-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), we established a modular MNP platform for site-specific, tunable, and cost-effective protein co-immobilization. SpyCatcher-fused enhanced green fluorescent protein (i.e., EGFP-SpyCatcher) and mCherry red fluorescent protein (i.e., RFP-SpyCatcher) were designed and conjugated on MNPs, and the immobilized proteins showed 3-7-fold enhancement in storage stability and greatly improved stability against the freeze-thaw process compared to free proteins. The protein-conjugated MNPs also retained desirable colloidal stability and magnetic responsiveness, enabling facile proteins' recovery. Also, one-pot co-immobilization of the two proteins could be fine-tuned with their feed ratios. In addition, MNPs could selectively and efficiently co-immobilize both SpyCatcher-fused proteins from combined cell lysates without purification, offering a convenient and cost-effective approach for multiprotein immobilization. This MNP platform provides a facile and efficient tool to construct bionano hybrid materials (i.e., protein-based MNPs) and multiprotein systems for a variety of industrial and green chemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhui Ye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 3221 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xiuyu Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Haifeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 3221 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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44
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Co-Enzymes with Dissimilar Stabilities: A Discussion of the Likely Biocatalyst Performance Problems and Some Potential Solutions. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes have several excellent catalytic features, and the last few years have seen a revolution in biocatalysis, which has grown from using one enzyme to using multiple enzymes in cascade reactions, where the product of one enzyme reaction is the substrate for the subsequent one. However, enzyme stability remains an issue despite the many benefits of using enzymes in a catalytic system. When enzymes are exposed to harsh process conditions, deactivation occurs, which changes the activity of the enzyme, leading to an increase in reaction time to achieve a given conversion. Immobilization is a well-known strategy to improve many enzyme properties, if the immobilization is properly designed and controlled. Enzyme co-immobilization is a further step in the complexity of preparing a biocatalyst, whereby two or more enzymes are immobilized on the same particle or support. One crucial problem when designing and using co-immobilized enzymes is the possibility of using enzymes with very different stabilities. This paper discusses different scenarios using two co-immobilized enzymes of the same or differing stability. The effect on operational performance is shown via simple simulations using Michaelis–Menten equations to describe kinetics integrated with a deactivation term. Finally, some strategies for overcoming some of these problems are discussed.
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45
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Gennari A, Simon R, de Andrade BC, Kuhn D, Renard G, Chies JM, Volpato G, Volken de Souza CF. Recombinant Production in Escherichia coli of a β-galactosidase Fused to a Cellulose-binding Domain Using Low-cost Inducers in Fed-batch Cultivation. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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46
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Mineralization of Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus Immobilized on Methacrylate Beads Bearing Octadecyl Groups to Improve Enzyme Features. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) has been immobilized on Purolite Lifetech® ECR8806F (viz. methacrylate macroporous resin containing octadecyl groups, designated as Purolite C18-TLL), and the enzyme performance has been compared to that of the enzyme immobilized on octyl-agarose, designated as agarose C8-TLL. The hydrolytic activity versus p-nitrophenol butyrate decreased significantly, and to a lower extent versus S-methyl mandelate (more than twofold), while versus triacetin and R-methyl mandelate, the enzyme activity was higher for the biocatalyst prepared using Purolite C18 (up to almost five-fold). Regarding the enzyme stability, Purolite C18-TLL was significantly more stable than the agarose C8-TLL. Next, the biocatalysts were mineralized using zinc, copper or cobalt phosphates. Mineralization increased the hydrolytic activity of Purolite C18-TLL versus triacetin and R-methyl mandelate, while this activity decreased very significantly versus the S-isomer, while the effects using agarose C8-TLL were more diverse (hydrolytic activity increase or decrease was dependent on the metal and substrate). The zinc salt treatment increased the stability of both biocatalysts, but with a lower impact for Purolite C18-TLL than for agarose-C8-TLL. On the contrary, the copper and cobalt salt treatments decreased enzyme stability, but more intensively using Purolite C18-TLL. The results show that even using enzymes immobilized following the same strategy, the differences in the enzyme conformation cause mineralization to have diverse effects on enzyme stability, hydrolytic activity, and specificity.
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47
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Holyavka MG, Goncharova SS, Sorokin AV, Lavlinskaya MS, Redko YA, Faizullin DA, Baidamshina DR, Zuev YF, Kondratyev MS, Kayumov AR, Artyukhov VG. Novel Biocatalysts Based on Bromelain Immobilized on Functionalized Chitosans and Research on Their Structural Features. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235110. [PMID: 36501516 PMCID: PMC9739615 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization on various carriers represents an effective approach to improve their stability, reusability, and even change their catalytic properties. Here, we show the mechanism of interaction of cysteine protease bromelain with the water-soluble derivatives of chitosan-carboxymethylchitosan, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan, chitosan sulfate, and chitosan acetate-during immobilization and characterize the structural features and catalytic properties of obtained complexes. Chitosan sulfate and carboxymethylchitosan form the highest number of hydrogen bonds with bromelain in comparison with chitosan acetate and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan, leading to a higher yield of protein immobilization on chitosan sulfate and carboxymethylchitosan (up to 58 and 65%, respectively). In addition, all derivatives of chitosan studied in this work form hydrogen bonds with His158 located in the active site of bromelain (except N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan), apparently explaining a significant decrease in the activity of biocatalysts. The N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan displays only physical interactions with His158, thus possibly modulating the structure of the bromelain active site and leading to the hyperactivation of the enzyme, up to 208% of the total activity and 158% of the specific activity. The FTIR analysis revealed that interaction between N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan and bromelain did not significantly change the enzyme structure. Perhaps this is due to the slowing down of aggregation and the autolysis processes during the complex formation of bromelain with a carrier, with a minimal modification of enzyme structure and its active site orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina G. Holyavka
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioresource Potential of Coastal Area, Institute for Advanced Studies, Sevastopol State University, 33 Studencheskaya Street, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Svetlana S. Goncharova
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Sorokin
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioresource Potential of Coastal Area, Institute for Advanced Studies, Sevastopol State University, 33 Studencheskaya Street, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
- Metagenomics and Food Biotechnologies Laboratory, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 19 Revolutsii Avenue, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Maria S. Lavlinskaya
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioresource Potential of Coastal Area, Institute for Advanced Studies, Sevastopol State University, 33 Studencheskaya Street, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
- Metagenomics and Food Biotechnologies Laboratory, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 19 Revolutsii Avenue, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Yulia A. Redko
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Dzhigangir A. Faizullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of the RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Diana R. Baidamshina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yuriy F. Zuev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of the RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Maxim S. Kondratyev
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Structure and Dynamics of Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the RAS, 3 Institutskaya Street, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Airat R. Kayumov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Valeriy G. Artyukhov
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
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48
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Martínez Gil J, Reyes RV, Bastidas-Barranco M, Giraldo L, Moreno-Piraján JC. Biodiesel Production from Transesterification with Lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia Immobilized on Modified Structured Metal Organic Materials. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:41882-41904. [PMID: 36440125 PMCID: PMC9685751 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This research presents the modification of MOF-199 and ZIF-8 using furfuryl alcohol (FA) as a carbon source to subsequently fix lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia and use these biocatalysts in the transesterification of African palm oil (APO). The need to overcome the disadvantages of free lipases in the biodiesel production process led to the use of metal organic framework (MOF)-type supports because they provide greater thermal stability and separation of the catalytic phase, thus improving the activity and efficiency in relation to the use of free lipase, disadvantages that could not be overcome with the use of other types of catalysts used in transesterification/esterification reactions for the production of biodiesel. The modification of MOFs ZIF-8 and MOF-199 with FA increases the pore volume which allows better immobilization of Pseudomonas cepacia lipase (PCL). The results show that these biocatalysts undergo transesterification with biodiesel yields above 90%. Additionally, studies were carried out on the effect of (1) enzyme loading, 2) enzyme immobilization time, (3) enzyme immobilization temperature, and (4) pH on the % immobilization of the enzyme and the specific activity. The results show that the highest immobilization efficiency for the FA@ZIF-8 support has a value of 91.2% when the load of this support was 3.5 mg/mg and has a specific activity of 142.5 U/g protein. The FA@MOF-199 support presented 80.3% enzyme immobilization and 125% U/g specific activity protein. We established that the specific activity increases in the period from 0.5 to 5.0 h for the systems under investigation. After this time, both the specific activity and the % efficiency of enzyme immobilization decrease. Therefore, 5.0 h (immobilization efficiency of 95 and 85% for FA@MOF-199, respectively) was chosen as the most appropriate time for PCL immobilization. Methods of adding methanol, with three and four steps, were tested, where biodiesel yields greater than 90% were obtained for the biocatalysts synthesized in this work (FA@ZIF-8-PCL and FA@MOF-199-PCL) and above 70% for free PCL, and the maximum yield was reached at a molar ratio between methanol and APO of 4:1 when using the one-step method under the same reaction conditions (as mentioned above). Only the results of FA@ZIF-8-PCL are presented here; however, it should be noted that the results for biocatalyst FA@MOF-199-PCL and lipase-free PCL presented the same behavior. The order of biocatalyst performance was FA@ZIF-8-PCL > FA@MOF-199-PCL > PCL-Free, which demonstrates that the use of FA as a modifier is a novel aspect in the conversion of palm oil into biodiesel components.
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Affiliation(s)
- José
Manuel Martínez Gil
- Grupo
de Investigación Catálisis y Materiales. Facultad de
Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad
de La Guajira, Km 5 vía a Maicao., Riohacha440007, Colombia
- Grupo
de Investigación Química Cuántica y Teórica,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Cartagena, Campus de Zaragocilla, Cartagena130005, Colombia
- Grupo
de Investigación Desarrollo de Estudios y Tecnologías
Ambientales del Carbono (DESTACAR). Facultad de Ingenierías, Universidad de La Guajira, Km 5 vía a Maicao., Riohacha440007, Colombia
- Facultad
de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Grupo de Investigación
en Sólidos Porosos y Calorimetría, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá01, Colombia
| | - Ricardo Vivas Reyes
- Grupo
de Investigación Química Cuántica y Teórica,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Cartagena, Campus de Zaragocilla, Cartagena130005, Colombia
| | - Marlon Bastidas-Barranco
- Grupo
de Investigación Desarrollo de Estudios y Tecnologías
Ambientales del Carbono (DESTACAR). Facultad de Ingenierías, Universidad de La Guajira, Km 5 vía a Maicao., Riohacha440007, Colombia
| | - Liliana Giraldo
- Facultad
de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Grupo de Calorimetría, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá01, Colombia
| | - Juan Carlos Moreno-Piraján
- Facultad
de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Grupo de Investigación
en Sólidos Porosos y Calorimetría, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá01, Colombia
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49
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Souza PMP, Carballares D, Gonçalves LRB, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rodrigues S. Immobilization of Lipase B from Candida antarctica in Octyl-Vinyl Sulfone Agarose: Effect of the Enzyme-Support Interactions on Enzyme Activity, Specificity, Structure and Inactivation Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214268. [PMID: 36430745 PMCID: PMC9697615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipase B from Candida antarctica was immobilized on heterofunctional support octyl agarose activated with vinyl sulfone to prevent enzyme release under drastic conditions. Covalent attachment was established, but the blocking step using hexylamine, ethylenediamine or the amino acids glycine (Gly) and aspartic acid (Asp) altered the results. The activities were lower than those observed using the octyl biocatalyst, except when using ethylenediamine as blocking reagent and p-nitrophenol butyrate (pNPB) as substrate. The enzyme stability increased using these new biocatalysts at pH 7 and 9 using all blocking agents (much more significantly at pH 9), while it decreased at pH 5 except when using Gly as blocking agent. The stress inactivation of the biocatalysts decreased the enzyme activity versus three different substrates (pNPB, S-methyl mandelate and triacetin) in a relatively similar fashion. The tryptophane (Trp) fluorescence spectra were different for the biocatalysts, suggesting different enzyme conformations. However, the fluorescence spectra changes during the inactivation were not too different except for the biocatalyst blocked with Asp, suggesting that, except for this biocatalyst, the inactivation pathways may not be so different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila M. P. Souza
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Food Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 858, Fortaleza CEP 60440-900, CE, Brazil
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luciana R. B. Gonçalves
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza CEP 60440-900, CE, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, Member of the External Scientific Advisory Academics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (R.F.-L.); (S.R.)
| | - Sueli Rodrigues
- Food Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 858, Fortaleza CEP 60440-900, CE, Brazil
- Correspondence: (R.F.-L.); (S.R.)
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50
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da Rocha TN, Morellon-Sterlling R, Rocha-Martin J, Bolivar JM, Gonçalves LRB, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Immobilization of Penicillin G Acylase on Vinyl Sulfone-Agarose: An Unexpected Effect of the Ionic Strength on the Performance of the Immobilization Process. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27217587. [PMID: 36364414 PMCID: PMC9654356 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Penicillin G acylase (PGA) from Escherichia coli was immobilized on vinyl sulfone (VS) agarose. The immobilization of the enzyme failed at all pH values using 50 mM of buffer, while the progressive increase of ionic strength permitted its rapid immobilization under all studied pH values. This suggests that the moderate hydrophobicity of VS groups is enough to transform the VS-agarose in a heterofunctional support, that is, a support bearing hydrophobic features (able to adsorb the proteins) and chemical reactivity (able to give covalent bonds). Once PGA was immobilized on this support, the PGA immobilization on VS-agarose was optimized with the purpose of obtaining a stable and active biocatalyst, optimizing the immobilization, incubation and blocking steps characteristics of this immobilization protocol. Optimal conditions were immobilization in 1 M of sodium sulfate at pH 7.0, incubation at pH 10.0 for 3 h in the presence of glycerol and phenyl acetic acid, and final blocking with glycine or ethanolamine. This produced biocatalysts with stabilities similar to that of the glyoxyl-PGA (the most stable biocatalyst of this enzyme described in literature), although presenting just over 55% of the initially offered enzyme activity versus the 80% that is recovered using the glyoxyl-PGA. This heterofuncionality of agarose VS beads opens new possibilities for enzyme immobilization on this support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thays N. da Rocha
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Federal University of Ceará, Bloco 709, Fortaleza CEP 60440-900, CE, Brazil
| | - Roberto Morellon-Sterlling
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Campus UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M. Bolivar
- FQPIMA Group, Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Complutense Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luciana R. B. Gonçalves
- Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Federal University of Ceará, Bloco 709, Fortaleza CEP 60440-900, CE, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, Member of the External Scientific Advisory Board, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91594804
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