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Li M, Wu Q, Guo F, Ouyang Y, Ao D, You S, Liu Y. A versatile, rapid Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system for functional genomics studies in cannabis seedling. PLANTA 2024; 260:18. [PMID: 38837044 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION We have developed and optimized a rapid, versatile Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system for cannabis seedlings that can be used in functional genomics studies of both hemp-type and drug-type cannabis. Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) holds great promise in the medical and food industries due to its diverse chemical composition, including specialized cannabinoids. However, the study of key genes involved in various biological processes, including secondary metabolite biosynthesis, has been hampered by the lack of efficient in vivo functional analysis methods. Here, we present a novel, short-cycle, high-efficiency transformation method for cannabis seedlings using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. We used the RUBY reporter system to monitor transformation results without the need for chemical treatments or specialized equipment. Four strains of A. tumefaciens (GV3101, EHA105, LBA4404, and AGL1) were evaluated for transformation efficiency, with LBA4404 and AGL1 showing superior performance. The versatility of the system was further demonstrated by successful transformation with GFP and GUS reporter genes. In addition, syringe infiltration was explored as an alternative to vacuum infiltration, offering simplicity and efficiency for high-throughput applications. Our method allows rapid and efficient in vivo transformation of cannabis seedlings, facilitating large-scale protein expression and high-throughput characterization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxuan Li
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qinqin Wu
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Foqin Guo
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuzeng Ouyang
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Deyong Ao
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shijun You
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Lei S, Zhu Y, Jia W, Zhang J, Chi Y, Xu B. A protoplast-based transient gene expression assay for the identification of heat and oxidative stress-regulatory genes in perennial ryegrass. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:67. [PMID: 38725058 PMCID: PMC11080139 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the accumulating omics data, an efficient and time-saving transient assay to express target genes is desired. Mesophyll protoplasts, maintaining most stress-physiological responses and cellular activities as intact plants, offer an alternative transient assay to study target genes' effects on heat and oxidative stress responses. RESULTS In this study, a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) mesophyll protoplast-based assay was established to effectively over- or down-regulate target genes. The relative expression levels of the target genes could be quantified using RT-qPCR, and the effects of heat and H2O2-induced oxidative stress on protoplasts' viability could be quantitatively measured. The practicality of the assay was demonstrated by identifying the potential thermos-sensor genes LpTT3.1/LpTT3.2 in ryegrass that over-expressing these genes significantly altered protoplasts' viability rates after heat stress. CONCLUSION This protoplast-based rapid stress regulatory gene identification assay was briefed as 'PRIDA' that will complement the stable genetic transformation studies to rapidly identify candidate stress-regulatory genes in perennial ryegrass and other grass species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lei
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaolong Zhu
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyu Jia
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjun Chi
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Qiao Q, Huang Y, Dong H, Xing C, Han C, Lin L, Wang X, Su Z, Qi K, Xie Z, Huang X, Zhang S. The PbbHLH62/PbVHA-B1 module confers salt tolerance through modulating intracellular Na +/K + homeostasis and reactive oxygen species removal in pear. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108663. [PMID: 38678947 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) is a multi-subunit membrane protein complex, which plays pivotal roles in building up an electrochemical H+-gradient across tonoplast, energizing Na+ sequestration into the central vacuole, and enhancing salt stress tolerance in plants. In this study, a B subunit of V-ATPase gene, PbVHA-B1 was discovered and isolated from stress-induced P. betulaefolia combining with RT-PCR method. The RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the expression level of PbVHA-B1 was upregulated by salt, drought, cold, and exogenous ABA treatment. Subcellular localization analyses showed that PbVHA-B1 was located in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Moreover, overexpression of PbVHA-B1 gene noticeably increased the ATPase activity and the tolerance to salt in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. In contrast, knockdown of PbVHA-B1 gene in P.betulaefolia by virus-induced gene silencing had reduced resistance to salt stress. In addition, using yeast one-hybride (Y1H) and yeast two-hybride (Y2H) screens, PbbHLH62, a bHLH transcription factor, was identified as a partner of the PbVHA-B1 promoter and protein. Then, we also found that PbbHLH62 positively regulate the expression of PbVHA-B1 and the ATPase activity after salt stress treatment. These findings provide evidence that PbbHLH62 played a critical role in the salt response. Collectively, our results demonstrate that a PbbHLH62/PbVHA-B1 module plays a positive role in salt tolerance by maintain intracellular ion and ROS homeostasis in pear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China.
| | - Yongdan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Huizhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Caihua Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Chenyang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Likun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Kaijie Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Zhihua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Xiaosan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China.
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Mei G, Chen A, Wang Y, Li S, Wu M, Hu Y, Liu X, Hou X. A simple and efficient in planta transformation method based on the active regeneration capacity of plants. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100822. [PMID: 38243598 PMCID: PMC11009361 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Plant genetic transformation strategies serve as essential tools for the genetic engineering and advanced molecular breeding of plants. However, the complicated operational protocols and low efficiency of current transformation strategies restrict the genetic modification of most plant species. This paper describes the development of the regenerative activity-dependent in planta injection delivery (RAPID) method based on the active regeneration capacity of plants. In this method, Agrobacterium tumefaciens is delivered to plant meristems via injection to induce transfected nascent tissues. Stable transgenic plants can be obtained by subsequent vegetative propagation of the positive nascent tissues. The method was successfully used for transformation of plants with strong regeneration capacity, including different genotypes of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), potato (Solanum tuberosum), and bayhops (Ipomoea pes-caprae). Compared with traditional transformation methods, RAPID has a much higher transformation efficiency and shorter duration, and it does not require tissue culture procedures. The RAPID method therefore overcomes the limitations of traditional methods to enable rapid in planta transformation and can be potentially applied to a wide range of plant species that are capable of active regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoguo Mei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuquan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minyi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yilong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xingliang Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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5
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Kumar P, Banday ZZ, Riley JL, Greenberg JT. Agrobacterium-Mediated Transient Gene Expression Optimized for the Bioenergy Crop Camelina sativa. Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e4964. [PMID: 38618179 PMCID: PMC11006800 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Camelina sativa, a Brassicaceae family crop, is used for fodder, human food, and biofuels. Its relatively high resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as being a climate-resilient oilseed crop, has contributed to its popularity. Camelina's seed yield and oil contents have been improved using various technologies like RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. A stable transformation system for protein localization and other cell autonomous investigations, on the other hand, is tedious and time consuming. This study describes a transient gene expression protocol for Camelina sativa cultivar DH55 leaves using Agrobacterium strain C58C1. The method is suitable for subcellular protein localization and colocalization studies and can be used with both constitutive and chemically induced genes. We report the subcellular localization of the N-terminal ER membrane signal anchor region (1-32 aa) of the At3G28580 gene-encoded protein from Arabidopsis in intact leaves and the expression and localization of other known organelle markers. This method offers a fast and convenient way to study proteins in the commercially important Camelina crop system. Key features • This method is based on the approach of Zhang et al. [1] and has been optimized for bioenergy crop Camelina species. • A constitutive and inducible transient gene expression in the hexaploid species Camelina sativa cultivar DH55. • Requires only 16-18 days to complete with high efficacy. Graphical overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology,
The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University
of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zeeshan Z. Banday
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology,
The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John L. Riley
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology,
The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jean T. Greenberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology,
The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Liu L, Qu J, Wang C, Liu M, Zhang C, Zhang X, Guo C, Wu C, Yang G, Huang J, Yan K, Shu H, Zheng C, Zhang S. An efficient genetic transformation system mediated by Rhizobium rhizogenes in fruit trees based on the transgenic hairy root to shoot conversion. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 38491985 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Genetic transformation is a critical tool for gene editing and genetic improvement of plants. Although many model plants and crops can be genetically manipulated, genetic transformation systems for fruit trees are either lacking or perform poorly. We used Rhizobium rhizogenes to transfer the target gene into the hairy roots of Malus domestica and Actinidia chinensis. Transgenic roots were generated within 3 weeks, with a transgenic efficiency of 78.8%. Root to shoot conversion of transgenic hairy roots was achieved within 11 weeks, with a regeneration efficiency of 3.3%. Finally, the regulatory genes involved in stem cell activity were used to improve shoot regeneration efficiency. MdWOX5 exhibited the most significant effects, as it led to an improved regeneration efficiency of 20.6% and a reduced regeneration time of 9 weeks. Phenotypes of the overexpression of RUBY system mediated red roots and overexpression of MdRGF5 mediated longer root hairs were observed within 3 weeks, suggesting that the method can be used to quickly screen genes that influence root phenotype scores through root performance, such as root colour, root hair, and lateral root. Obtaining whole plants of the RUBY system and MdRGF5 overexpression lines highlights the convenience of this technology for studying gene functions in whole plants. Overall, we developed an optimized method to improve the transformation efficiency and stability of transformants in fruit trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Apple and Technology Innovation Alliance of Apple Industry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jinghua Qu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Miao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chunmeng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Changai Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Guodong Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jinguang Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Kang Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Huairui Shu
- National Engineering Research Center for Apple and Technology Innovation Alliance of Apple Industry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chengchao Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shizhong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Apple and Technology Innovation Alliance of Apple Industry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Mohammad T, Ghogare R, Morton LB, Dhingra A, Potlakayala S, Rudrabhatla S, Dhir SK. Evaluation of Parameters Affecting Agrobacterium-Mediated Transient Gene Expression in Industrial Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:664. [PMID: 38475511 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Industrial hemp Cannabis sativa L. is an economically important crop mostly grown for its fiber, oil, and seeds. Due to its increasing applications in the pharmaceutical industry and a lack of knowledge of gene functions in cannabinoid biosynthesis pathways, developing an efficient transformation platform for the genetic engineering of industrial hemp has become necessary to enable functional genomic and industrial application studies. A critical step in the development of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation in the hemp genus is the establishment of optimal conditions for T-DNA gene delivery into different explants from which whole plantlets can be regenerated. As a first step in the development of a successful Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method for hemp gene editing, the factors influencing the successful T-DNA integration and expression (as measured by transient β-glucuronidase (GUS) and Green Florescent Protein (GFP) expression) were investigated. In this study, the parameters for an agroinfiltration system in hemp, which applies to the stable transformation method, were optimized. In the present study, we tested different explants, such as 1- to 3-week-old leaves, cotyledons, hypocotyls, root segments, nodal parts, and 2- to 3-week-old leaf-derived calli. We observed that the 3-week-old leaves were the best explant for transient gene expression. Fully expanded 2- to 3-week-old leaf explants, in combination with 30 min of immersion time, 60 µM silver nitrate, 0.5 µM calcium chloride, 150 µM natural phenolic compound acetosyringone, and a bacterial density of OD600nm = 0.4 resulted in the highest GUS and GFP expression. The improved method of genetic transformation established in the present study will be useful for the introduction of foreign genes of interest, using the latest technologies such as genome editing, and studying gene functions that regulate secondary metabolites in hemp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim Mohammad
- Center for Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Fort Valley State University, 113, Alva Tabor Building, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA
| | - Rishikesh Ghogare
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Lauren B Morton
- Center for Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Fort Valley State University, 113, Alva Tabor Building, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA
| | - Amit Dhingra
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shobha Potlakayala
- The Central Pennsylvania Research and Teaching Laboratory for Biofuels, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA 17057, USA
| | - Sairam Rudrabhatla
- The Central Pennsylvania Research and Teaching Laboratory for Biofuels, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA 17057, USA
| | - Sarwan K Dhir
- Center for Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Fort Valley State University, 113, Alva Tabor Building, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA
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Tai Y, Zhang J, Chen Y, Yuan Y, Wang H, Yu L, Li S, Yang L, Jin Y. Establishment and validation of a callus tissue transformation system for German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:659. [PMID: 38124039 PMCID: PMC10731808 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is an important medicinal plant, and the essential oils in the flowers have various biological activities. Genetic transformation systems are important for plant quality improvement and molecular research. To the best of our knowledge, a genetic transformation system has not yet been reported for German chamomile. RESULTS In this study, we developed Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols for German chamomile callus tissues. This involved optimizing key parameters, such as hygromycin and cefotaxime concentrations, bacterial density, and infection and co-culture durations. We also performed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis to identify volatile compounds in non-transgenic and transgenic callus and hairy root tissues. Furthermore, to compare and verify the callus transformation system of German chamomile, we transferred McFPS to the hairy roots of German chamomile. The results showed that the optimal conditions for Agrobacterium-mediated callus tissue transformation were as follows: explant, petiole; cefotaxime concentration, 300 mg/L; hygromycin concentration, 10 mg/L; and bacterial solution concentration, OD600 = 0.6; callus transformation efficiency was the highest when the co-culture time was 3 days. CONCLUSIONS Establishment of a high-efficiency callus transformation system will lay the foundation for gene function identification in German chamomile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Tai
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhui Chen
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Honggang Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyao Yu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Jin
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
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Maiti S, Banik A. Strategies to fortify the nutritional values of polished rice by implanting selective traits from brown rice: A nutrigenomics-based approach. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113271. [PMID: 37803581 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Whole-grain cereals are important components of a healthy diet. It reduces the risk of many deadly diseases like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, etc. Brown rice is an example of whole grain food, which is highly nutritious due to the presence of various bioactive compounds (flavonoids, phenolics, vitamins, phytosterols, oils, etc.) associated with the rice bran layer of brown rice. White rice is devoid of the nutritious rice bran layer and thus lacks the bioactive compounds which are the major attractants of brown rice. Therefore, to confer health benefits to the public at large, the nutrigenomic potential of white rice may be improved by integrating the phytochemicals associated with the rice bran layer of brown rice into it via biofortification processes like conventional breeding, agronomic practices, metabolic engineering, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and RNAi techniques. Thus, this review article focuses on improving the nutritional qualities of white/polished rice through biofortification processes, utilizing new breeding technologies (NBTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Somdatta Maiti
- Laboratory of Microbial Interaction, Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Avishek Banik
- Laboratory of Microbial Interaction, Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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10
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Zhang Y, Ru Y, Shi Z, Wang H, Zhang J, Wu J, Pang H, Feng H. Effects of different light conditions on transient expression and biomass in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220732. [PMID: 37854318 PMCID: PMC10579877 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the process of the production of recombinant proteins by using an Agrobacterium-mediated transient gene expression system, the effectiveness of the control of light conditions pre- and post-agroinfiltration on efficiency of transient expression is worth being evaluated. In this study, Nicotiana benthamiana plants were used as a bioreactor to investigate the effects of different light conditions pre- and post-agroinfiltration on the transient expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP). The results showed that the plants grown under light condition for 5 weeks had the highest level of transient expression among those grown for 4-8 weeks. In the pre-agroinfiltration, the level of transient expression of GFP was obviously decreased by the increase in light intensity or by the shortening of the photoperiod. Although the shortening of the photoperiod post-agroinfiltration also decreased the level of transient expression, moderate light intensity post-agroinfiltration was needed for higher level of transient expression efficiency. However, there was no strong correlation between the transient expression efficiency and plant growth. The results suggested that light condition was an important factor affecting the level of transient expression in plants. Hence, light conditions should be optimized to obtain higher productivity of recombinant protein from transient expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejing Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Yi Ru
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou730046, Gansu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Hanqi Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
- New Rural Development Research Institute, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- New Rural Development Research Institute, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Hailong Pang
- New Rural Development Research Institute, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Hanqing Feng
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
- New Rural Development Research Institute, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
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11
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Liu S, Zenda T, Tian Z, Huang Z. Metabolic pathways engineering for drought or/and heat tolerance in cereals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1111875. [PMID: 37810398 PMCID: PMC10557149 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought (D) and heat (H) are the two major abiotic stresses hindering cereal crop growth and productivity, either singly or in combination (D/+H), by imposing various negative impacts on plant physiological and biochemical processes. Consequently, this decreases overall cereal crop production and impacts global food availability and human nutrition. To achieve global food and nutrition security vis-a-vis global climate change, deployment of new strategies for enhancing crop D/+H stress tolerance and higher nutritive value in cereals is imperative. This depends on first gaining a mechanistic understanding of the mechanisms underlying D/+H stress response. Meanwhile, functional genomics has revealed several stress-related genes that have been successfully used in target-gene approach to generate stress-tolerant cultivars and sustain crop productivity over the past decades. However, the fast-changing climate, coupled with the complexity and multigenic nature of D/+H tolerance suggest that single-gene/trait targeting may not suffice in improving such traits. Hence, in this review-cum-perspective, we advance that targeted multiple-gene or metabolic pathway manipulation could represent the most effective approach for improving D/+H stress tolerance. First, we highlight the impact of D/+H stress on cereal crops, and the elaborate plant physiological and molecular responses. We then discuss how key primary metabolism- and secondary metabolism-related metabolic pathways, including carbon metabolism, starch metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) biosynthesis, and phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling can be modified using modern molecular biotechnology approaches such as CRISPR-Cas9 system and synthetic biology (Synbio) to enhance D/+H tolerance in cereal crops. Understandably, several bottlenecks hinder metabolic pathway modification, including those related to feedback regulation, gene functional annotation, complex crosstalk between pathways, and metabolomics data and spatiotemporal gene expressions analyses. Nonetheless, recent advances in molecular biotechnology, genome-editing, single-cell metabolomics, and data annotation and analysis approaches, when integrated, offer unprecedented opportunities for pathway engineering for enhancing crop D/+H stress tolerance and improved yield. Especially, Synbio-based strategies will accelerate the development of climate resilient and nutrient-dense cereals, critical for achieving global food security and combating malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Tinashe Zenda
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zaimin Tian
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
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12
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Tang Y, Zhang Z, Yang Z, Wu J. CRISPR/Cas9 and Agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence proteins synergistically increase efficiency of precise genome editing via homology directed repair in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3518-3530. [PMID: 36919203 PMCID: PMC10797490 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation are widely-used plant biotechnology tools derived from bacterial immunity-related systems, each involving DNA modification. The Cas9 endonuclease introduces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and the A. tumefaciens T-DNA is released by the VirD2 endonuclease assisted by VirDl and attached by VirE2, transferred to the plant nucleus and integrated into the genome. Here, we explored the potential for synergy between the two systems and found that Cas9 and three virulence (Vir) proteins achieve precise genome editing via the homology directed repair (HDR) pathway in tobacco and rice plants. Compared with Cas9T (Cas9, VirD1, VirE2) and CvD (Cas9-VirD2) systems, the HDR frequencies of a foreign GFPm gene in the CvDT system (Cas9-VirD2, VirD1, VirE2) increased 52-fold and 22-fold, respectively. Further optimization of the CvDT process with a donor linker (CvDTL) achieved a remarkable increase in the efficiency of HDR-mediated genome editing. Additionally, the HDR efficiency of the three rice endogenous genes ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE (ALS), PHYTOENE DESATURASE (PDS), and NITROGEN TRANSPORTER 1.1 B (NRT1.1B) increased 24-, 32- and 16-fold, respectively, in the CvDTL system, compared with corresponding Cas9TL (Cas9T process with a donor linker). Our results suggest that collaboration between CRISPR/Cas9 and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation can make great progress towards highly efficient and precise genome editing via the HDR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhennan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahe Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Ingvardsen CR, Brinch-Pedersen H. Challenges and potentials of new breeding techniques in Cannabis sativa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1154332. [PMID: 37360738 PMCID: PMC10285108 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1154332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. is an ancient crop used for fiber and seed production and not least for its content of cannabinoids used for medicine and as an intoxicant drug. Due to the psychedelic effect of one of the compounds, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), many countries had regulations or bands on Cannabis growing, also as fiber or seed crop. Recently, as many of these regulations are getting less tight, the interest for the many uses of this crop is increasing. Cannabis is dioecious and highly heterogenic, making traditional breeding costly and time consuming. Further, it might be difficult to introduce new traits without changing the cannabinoid profile. Genome editing using new breeding techniques might solve these problems. The successful use of genome editing requires sequence information on suitable target genes, a genome editing tool to be introduced into plant tissue and the ability to regenerate plants from transformed cells. This review summarizes the current status of Cannabis breeding, uncovers potentials and challenges of Cannabis in an era of new breeding techniques and finally suggests future focus areas that may help to improve our overall understanding of Cannabis and realize the potentials of the plant.
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14
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Lozoya-Gloria E, Cuéllar-González F, Ochoa-Alejo N. Anthocyanin metabolic engineering of Euphorbia pulcherrima: advances and perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1176701. [PMID: 37255565 PMCID: PMC10225641 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1176701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The range of floral colors is determined by the type of plant pigment accumulated by the plant. Anthocyanins are the most common flavonoid pigments in angiosperms; they provide a wide range of visible colors from red-magenta to blue-purple, products of cyanidin and delphinidin biosynthesis, respectively. For the floriculture industry, floral color is one of the most important ornamental characteristics for the development of new commercial varieties; however, most plant species are restricted to a certain color spectrum, limited by their own genetics. In fact, many ornamental crops lack bluish varieties due to the lack of activity of essential biosynthetic enzymes for the accumulation of delphinidin. An example is the poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch), the ornamental plant symbol of Christmas and native to Mexico. Its popularity is the result of the variety of colors displayed by its bracts, a kind of modified leaves that accumulate reddish pigments based mainly on cyanidin and, to a lesser extent, on pelargonidin. The commercial success of this plant lies in the development of new varieties and, although consumers like the typical red color, they are also looking for poinsettias with new and innovative colors. Previous research has demonstrated the possibility of manipulating flower color through metabolic engineering of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway and plant tissue culture in different ornamental plant species. For example, transgenic cultivars of flowers such as roses, carnations or chrysanthemums owe their attractive bluish colors to a high and exclusive accumulation of delphinidin. Here, we discuss the possibilities of genetic engineering of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in E. pulcherrima through the introduction of one or more foreign delphinidin biosynthetic genes under the transcriptional control of a pathway-specific promoter, and the genome editing possibilities as an alternative tool to modify the color of the bracts. In addition, some other approaches such as the appropriate selection of the cultivars that presented the most suitable intracellular conditions to accumulate delphinidin, as well as the incorporation of genes encoding anthocyanin-modifying enzymes or transcription factors to favor the bluish pigmentation of the flowers are also revised.
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15
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Xian B, Xi Z, Ren C, Yan J, Chen J, Pei J. The establishment of transient expression systems and their application for gene function analysis of flavonoid biosynthesis in Carthamus tinctorius L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:186. [PMID: 37032332 PMCID: PMC10084634 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an important economic crop and a traditional medicinal material rich in flavonoids, which can alleviate cardiovascular and cerebrovascular pathologies. Thus, many candidate genes involved in safflower flavonoid biosynthesis have been cloned. However, owing to the lack of a homologous gene expression system, research on gene function is limited to model plants. Therefore, a gene function identification protocol for safflower must be established. RESULTS In the present study, using safflower callus as the experimental material, Agrobacterium and biolistic transient expression systems were established. In the Agrobacterium transient expression system, the highest transformation rate was obtained at the original Agrobacterium concentration of OD600 0.4, infiltration concentration of OD600 0.6, infection for 20 min, co-culture for 3 days, and acetosyringone concentration of 100 μmol·L-1. In the biolistic transient expression system, the highest transformation efficiency was observed at helium pressure of 1,350 psi, vacuum degree of -0.8 bar, flight distance of 6.5 cm, one round of bombardment, plasmid concentration of 3 μg·shot-1, and gold particle concentration of 100 μg·shot-1. Further, these two transient expression systems were used for the functional analysis of CtCHS1 as an example. After overexpression, relative CtCHS1 expression increased, particularly in Agrobacterium-transformed calli. Additionally, the contents of some flavonoids were altered; for instance, naringenin and genistein levels were significantly increased in Agrobacterium-transformed calli, whereas luteolin, luteolin-7-O-rutinoside, and apigenin derivative levels were significantly decreased in biolistic-transformed calli. CONCLUSION Using safflower callus as the experimental material, highly efficient Agrobacterium and biolistic transient expression systems were successfully established, and the utility of both systems for investigating gene function was demonstrated. The proposed safflower callus transient expression systems will be useful for further functional analyses of flavonoid biosynthetic genes in safflower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Ziqing Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaoxiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
- The State Bank of Chinese Drug Germplasm Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
- The State Bank of Chinese Drug Germplasm Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
- The State Bank of Chinese Drug Germplasm Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
- The State Bank of Chinese Drug Germplasm Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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16
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Zhang L, Xu Z, Jiang Z, Chen X, Li B, Xu L, Zhang Z. Cloning and functional analysis of the root-knot nematode resistance gene NtRk1 in tobacco. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13894. [PMID: 36942459 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is an economically important crop worldwide. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are responsible for yield losses in tobacco and other crops, such as tomato, potato, peanut, and soybean. Therefore, screening for resistance genes that can prevent RKN infestation and the associated damage is crucial. However, there is no report of cloning tobacco RKN resistance genes to date. Here, we cloned the tobacco RKN resistance gene NtRk1 from the resistant variety TI706, using rapid amplification of cDNA ends. NtRk1 has high homology with other RKN resistance genes (CaMi in pepper, Mi-1.1 and Mi-1.2 in tomato). Under normal conditions, NtRk1 was barely expressed in the roots; however, following RKN infection, its expression level rapidly increased. Overexpression of NtRk1 in the susceptible cultivar "Changbohuang" enhanced its resistance to Meloidogyne incognita, while RNA interference of NtRk1 in the resistant cultivar K326 resulted in its susceptibility to M. incognita. Moreover, compared with resistant variety K326, we found the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid contents of RNAi plants decreased after inoculation with M. incognita, and confirmed that the function of NtRk1 is related to these phytohormones. These findings indicate that NtRk1 is an RKN resistance gene, which is abundantly expressed in response to RKN infection and may enhance host defense responses by elevating salicylic acid and jasmonic acid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- China Tobacco Zhejiang Industry Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Zhimin Jiang
- China Tobacco Zhejiang Industry Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- China Tobacco Zhejiang Industry Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Bo Li
- China Tobacco Zhejiang Industry Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Liping Xu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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17
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Tian Y, Zhong D, Li X, Shen R, Han H, Dai Y, Yao Q, Zhang X, Deng Q, Cao X, Zhu JK, Lu Y. High-throughput genome editing in rice with a virus-based surrogate system. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:646-655. [PMID: 36218268 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the widespread use of clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease (Cas) technologies in plants, large-scale genome editing is increasingly needed. Here, we developed a geminivirus-mediated surrogate system, called Wheat Dwarf Virus-Gate (WDV-surrogate), to facilitate high-throughput genome editing. WDV-Gate has two parts: one is the recipient callus from a transgenic rice line expressing Cas9 and a mutated hygromycin-resistant gene (HygM) for surrogate selection; the other is a WDV-based construct expressing two single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting HygM and a gene of interest, respectively. We evaluated WDV-Gate on six rice loci by producing a total of 874 T0 plants. Compared with the conventional method, the WDV-Gate system, which was characterized by a transient and high level of sgRNA expression, significantly increased editing frequency (66.8% vs. 90.1%), plantlet regeneration efficiency (2.31-fold increase), and numbers of homozygous-edited plants (36.3% vs. 70.7%). Large-scale editing using pooled sgRNAs targeting the SLR1 gene resulted in a high editing frequency of 94.4%, further demonstrating its feasibility. We also tested WDV-Gate on sequence knock-in for protein tagging. By co-delivering a chemically modified donor DNA with the WDV-Gate plasmid, 3xFLAG peptides were successfully fused to three loci with an efficiency of up to 13%. Thus, by combining transiently expressed sgRNAs and a surrogate selection system, WDV-Gate could be useful for high-throughput gene knock-out and sequence knock-in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifu Tian
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
- Center for Advanced Bioindustry Technologies, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Dating Zhong
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinbo Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
- Center for Advanced Bioindustry Technologies, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Rundong Shen
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
- Center for Advanced Bioindustry Technologies, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Han Han
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuqin Dai
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Qi Yao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuening Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qi Deng
- Center for Advanced Bioindustry Technologies, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xuesong Cao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
- Center for Advanced Bioindustry Technologies, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya, 572024, China
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuming Lu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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18
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Sun N, Li C, Jiang X, Gai Y. Transcriptomic Insights into Functions of LkABCG36 and LkABCG40 in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:227. [PMID: 36678941 PMCID: PMC9860546 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters) play crucial physiological roles in plants, such as being involved in the growth and development of organs, nutrient acquisition, response to biotic and abiotic stress, disease resistance, and the interaction of the plant with its environment. The ABCG subfamily of proteins are involved in the process of plant vegetative organ development. In contrast, the functions of the ABCG36 and ABCG40 transporters have received considerably less attention. Here, we investigated changes in the transcriptomic data of the stem tissue of transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) with LkABCG36 and LkABCG40 (Larix kaempferi) overexpression, and compared them with those of the wild type (WT). Compared with the WT, we identified 1120 and 318 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the LkABCG36 and LkABCG40 groups, respectively. We then annotated the function of the DEGs against the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. The results showed enrichment in cell wall biogenesis and hormone signal transduction functional classes in transgenic LkABCG36 tobacco. In transgenic LkABCG40 tobacco, the enrichment was involved in metabolic and biosynthetic processes, mainly those related to environmental adaptation. In addition, among these DEGs, many auxin-related genes were significantly upregulated in the LkABCG36 group, and we found key genes involved in environmental adaptation in the LkABCG40 group, including an encoding resistance protein and a WRKY transcription factor. These results suggest that LkABCG36 and LkABCG40 play important roles in plant development and environmental adaptation. LkABCG36 may promote plant organ growth and development by increasing auxin transport, whereas LkABCG40 may inhibit the expression of WRKY to improve the resistance of transgenic tobacco. Our results are beneficial to researchers pursuing further study of the functions of ABCG36 and ABCG40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sun
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Can Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiangning Jiang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of Chinese Forestry Administration, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Gai
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of Chinese Forestry Administration, Beijing 100083, China
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19
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Xu W, Liu Z, Zhao Z, Zhang S, Li M, Guo D, Liu JH, Li C. The functional analysis of sugar transporter proteins in sugar accumulation and pollen tube growth in pummelo ( Citrus grandis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1106219. [PMID: 36684762 PMCID: PMC9846575 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1106219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sugar transporter proteins (STPs) play vital roles in sugar transport and allocation of carbon sources in plants. However, the evolutionary dynamics of this important gene family and their functions are still largely unknown in citrus, which is the largest fruit crop in the world. In this study, fourteen non-redundant CgSTP family members were identified in pummelo (Citrus grandis). A comprehensive analysis based on the biochemical characteristics, the chromosomal location, the exon-intron structures and the evolutionary relationships demonstrated the conservation and the divergence of CgSTPs. Moreover, CgSTP4, 11, 13, 14 were proofed to be localized in plasma membrane and have glucose transport activity in yeast. The hexose content were significantly increased with the transient overexpression of CgSTP11 and CgSTP14. In addition, antisense repression of CgSTP4 induced the shorter pollen tube length in vitro, implying the potential role of CgSTP4 in pummelo pollen tube growth. Taken together, this work explored a framework for understanding the physiological role of CgSTPs and laid a foundation for future functional studies of these members in citrus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuhang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dayong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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20
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Wang C, Wang J, Zhang D, Cheng J, Zhu J, Yang Z. Identification and functional analysis of protein secreted by Alternaria solani. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281530. [PMID: 36877688 PMCID: PMC9987770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria solani, is an important foliar disease that causes major yield losses of potato. Effector proteins secreted by pathogens to host cells can inhibit host immune response to pathogens. Currently, the function of effector proteins secreted by A. solani during infection is poorly understood. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel candidate effector protein, AsCEP50. AsCEP50 is a secreted protein that is highly expressed throughout the infection stages of A. solani. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato demonstrated that AsCEP50 is located on the plasma membrane of N. benthamiana and regulates senescence-related genes, resulting in the chlorosis of N. benthamiana and tomato leaves. Δ50 mutants were unaffected in vegetative growth, spore formation and mycelium morphology. However, the deletion of AsCEP50 significantly reduced virulence, melanin production and penetration of A. solani. These results strongly supported that AsCEP50 is an important pathogenic factor at the infection stage and contributes to the virulence of Alternaria solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, P. R. China
| | - Dai Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, P. R. China
| | - Jianing Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, P. R. China
| | - Jiehua Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, P. R. China
- Technological Innovation Center for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Hebei Province, Baoding, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (ZY)
| | - Zhihui Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, P. R. China
- Technological Innovation Center for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Hebei Province, Baoding, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (ZY)
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21
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Dong D, Wang X, Zong H, Lu X, Zhuge B. Construction of a novel plasmid for an industrial yeast Candida glycerinogenes by dual-autonomously replicating sequence strategy. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 135:10-16. [PMID: 36253249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Due to the lack of available episomal plasmid, the improvement of many industrial strains, especially exogenous gene expression, is severely restricted. The failure of autonomous replication or low copy number of episomal plasmids is the main reason for the failure of many episomal plasmids construction. In this paper, Candida glycerinogenes, an industrial strain lacking episomal plasmids, was employed as the topic. A series of GFP-based plasmids containing autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) from different strain sources were constructed and analyzed for performance, and it was found that only the panARS from Kluyveromyces lactis compared with other nine low capacity ARSs proved to have the best performance and could be used to construct episomal plasmid. Further, the dual-ARS strategy was used to optimize the episomal plasmid, and the results indicated that only the dual-ARS plasmid +PPARS2 with double different ARSs, not the dual-ARS plasmid +panARS with double same ARSs, showed an improvement in all properties, with an increase in transformation efficiency of about 36% and a synchronous trend of fluorescence intensity and copy number, both by about 40%. In addition, constructed episomal plasmids were used to express the exogenous gene CrGES, and the fact that geraniol was found proved the versatility of the plasmids. The successful construction of episomal plasmids will also substantially facilitate genetic engineering research and industrial use of C. glycerinogenes in the future, as well as providing a feasible approach to create episomal plasmids for industrial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejin Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Lab of Industrial Microorganism & Research and Design Center for Polyols, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Lab of Industrial Microorganism & Research and Design Center for Polyols, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hong Zong
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Lab of Industrial Microorganism & Research and Design Center for Polyols, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xinyao Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Lab of Industrial Microorganism & Research and Design Center for Polyols, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bin Zhuge
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Lab of Industrial Microorganism & Research and Design Center for Polyols, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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22
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Morgan JM, Jelenska J, Hensley D, Retterer ST, Morrell-Falvey JL, Standaert RF, Greenberg JT. An efficient and broadly applicable method for transient transformation of plants using vertically aligned carbon nanofiber arrays. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1051340. [PMID: 36507425 PMCID: PMC9728956 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1051340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transient transformation in plants is a useful process for evaluating gene function. However, there is a scarcity of minimally perturbing methods for gene delivery that can be used on multiple organs, plant species, and non-excised tissues. We pioneered and demonstrated the use of vertically aligned carbon nanofiber (VACNF) arrays to efficiently perform transient transformation of different tissues with DNA constructs in multiple plant species. The VACNFs permeabilize plant tissue transiently to allow molecules into cells without causing a detectable stress response. We successfully delivered DNA into leaves, roots and fruit of five plant species (Arabidopsis, poplar, lettuce, Nicotiana benthamiana, and tomato) and confirmed accumulation of the encoded fluorescent proteins by confocal microscopy. Using this system, it is possible to transiently transform plant cells with both small and large plasmids. The method is successful for species recalcitrant to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. VACNFs provide simple, reliable means of DNA delivery into a variety of plant organs and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Morgan
- Biophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joanna Jelenska
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dale Hensley
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Scott T Retterer
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | | | - Robert F Standaert
- Department of Chemistry, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Jean T Greenberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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23
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González-Villarreal JA, González-Lozano KJ, Aréchiga-Carvajal ET, Morlett-Chávez JA, Luévanos-Escareño MP, Balagurusamy N, Salinas-Santander MA. Molecular mechanisms of multidrug resistance in clinically relevant enteropathogenic bacteria (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:753. [PMID: 36561977 PMCID: PMC9748766 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistant (MDR) enteropathogenic bacteria are a growing problem within the clinical environment due to their acquired tolerance to a wide range of antibiotics, thus causing severe illnesses and a tremendous economic impact in the healthcare sector. Due to its difficult treatment, knowledge and understanding of the molecular mechanisms that confer this resistance are needed. The aim of the present review is to describe the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance from a genomic perspective observed in bacteria, including naturally acquired resistance. The present review also discusses common pharmacological and alternative treatments used in cases of infection caused by MDR bacteria, thus covering necessary information for the development of novel antimicrobials and adjuvant molecules inhibiting bacterial proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katia Jamileth González-Lozano
- Microbiology Department, Phytopathology and Mycology Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Genetic Manipulation Unit, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 66459, Mexico
| | - Elva Teresa Aréchiga-Carvajal
- Microbiology Department, Phytopathology and Mycology Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Genetic Manipulation Unit, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 66459, Mexico
| | - Jesús Antonio Morlett-Chávez
- Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Saltillo Unit, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila 25000, Mexico
| | | | - Nagamani Balagurusamy
- Bioremediation Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Coahuila 27275, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Andrés Salinas-Santander
- Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Saltillo Unit, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila 25000, Mexico,Correspondence to: Dr Mauricio Andrés Salinas-Santander, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Saltillo Unit, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Calle Francisco Murguía Sur 205, Zona Centro, Saltillo, Coahuila 25000, Mexico
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24
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Liu X, Zong X, Wu X, Liu H, Han J, Yao Z, Ren Y, Ma L, Wang B, Zhang H. Ectopic expression of NAC transcription factor HaNAC3 from Haloxylon ammodendron increased abiotic stress resistance in tobacco. PLANTA 2022; 256:105. [PMID: 36315282 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
HaNAC3 is a transcriptional activator located in the nucleus that may be involved in the response to high temperature, high salt and drought stresses as well as phytohormone IAA and ABA treatments. Our study demonstrated that HaNAC3 increased the tolerance of transgenic tobacco to abiotic stress and was involved in the regulation of a range of downstream genes and metabolic pathways. This also indicates the potential application of HaNAC3 as a plant tolerance gene. NAC transcription factors play a key role in plant growth and development and plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the biological functions of NAC transcription factors in the desert plant Haloxylon ammodendron are still poorly understood. In this study, the NAC transcription factor HaNAC3 was isolated and cloned from a typical desert plant H. ammodendron, and its possible biological functions were investigated. Bioinformatics analysis showed that HaNAC3 has the unique N-terminal NAC structural domain of NAC transcription factor. Quantitative real-time fluorescence analysis showed that HaNAC3 was able to participate in the response to simulated drought, high temperature, high salt, and phytohormone IAA and ABA treatments, and was very sensitive to simulated high temperature and phytohormone ABA treatments. Subcellular localization analysis showed that the GFP-HaNAC3 fusion protein was localized in the nucleus of tobacco epidermal cells. The transcriptional self-activation assay showed that HaNAC3 had transcriptional self-activation activity, and the truncation assay confirmed that the transcriptional activation activity was located at the C-terminus. HaNAC3 gene was expressed exogenously in wild-type Nicotiana benthamiana, and the physiological function of HaNAC3 was verified by simulating drought and other abiotic stresses. The results indicated that transgenic tobacco had better resistance to abiotic stresses than wild-type B. fuminata. Further transcriptome analysis showed that HaNAC3 was involved in the regulation of a range of downstream resistance genes, wax biosynthesis and other metabolic pathways. These results suggest that HaNAC3 may have a stress resistance role in H. ammodendron and has potential applications in plant molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiashun Liu
- College of Life Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Xingfeng Zong
- College of Life Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Xia Wu
- College of Life Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Life Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Jvdong Han
- College of Life Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Zhengpei Yao
- College of Life Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Yanping Ren
- College of Life Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Li Ma
- College of Life Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Life Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Life Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China.
- Arid Desert Research Institute, Ürümqi, China.
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25
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Plant Molecular Pharming and Plant-Derived Compounds towards Generation of Vaccines and Therapeutics against Coronaviruses. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111805. [DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current century has witnessed infections of pandemic proportions caused by Coronaviruses (CoV) including severe acute respiratory syndrome-related CoV (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome-related CoV (MERS-CoV) and the recently identified SARS-CoV2. Significantly, the SARS-CoV2 outbreak, declared a pandemic in early 2020, has wreaked devastation and imposed intense pressure on medical establishments world-wide in a short time period by spreading at a rapid pace, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, there is a compelling need to combat and contain the CoV infections. The current review addresses the unique features of the molecular virology of major Coronaviruses that may be tractable towards antiviral targeting and design of novel preventative and therapeutic intervention strategies. Plant-derived vaccines, in particular oral vaccines, afford safer, effectual and low-cost avenues to develop antivirals and fast response vaccines, requiring minimal infrastructure and trained personnel for vaccine administration in developing countries. This review article discusses recent developments in the generation of plant-based vaccines, therapeutic/drug molecules, monoclonal antibodies and phytochemicals to preclude and combat infections caused by SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Efficacious plant-derived antivirals could contribute significantly to combating emerging and re-emerging pathogenic CoV infections and help stem the tide of any future pandemics.
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26
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Biotechnological Advances to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912053. [PMID: 36233352 PMCID: PMC9570234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The major challenges that agriculture is facing in the twenty-first century are increasing droughts, water scarcity, flooding, poorer soils, and extreme temperatures due to climate change. However, most crops are not tolerant to extreme climatic environments. The aim in the near future, in a world with hunger and an increasing population, is to breed and/or engineer crops to tolerate abiotic stress with a higher yield. Some crop varieties display a certain degree of tolerance, which has been exploited by plant breeders to develop varieties that thrive under stress conditions. Moreover, a long list of genes involved in abiotic stress tolerance have been identified and characterized by molecular techniques and overexpressed individually in plant transformation experiments. Nevertheless, stress tolerance phenotypes are polygenetic traits, which current genomic tools are dissecting to exploit their use by accelerating genetic introgression using molecular markers or site-directed mutagenesis such as CRISPR-Cas9. In this review, we describe plant mechanisms to sense and tolerate adverse climate conditions and examine and discuss classic and new molecular tools to select and improve abiotic stress tolerance in major crops.
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Transient Expression of Flavivirus Structural Proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101667. [PMID: 36298532 PMCID: PMC9610170 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are a threat to public health and can cause major disease outbreaks. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is caused by a flavivirus, and it is one of the most important causes of viral encephalitis in Europe and is on the rise in Sweden. As there is no antiviral treatment available, vaccination remains the best protective measure against TBE. Currently available TBE vaccines are based on formalin-inactivated virus produced in cell culture. These vaccines must be delivered by intramuscular injection, have a burdensome immunization schedule, and may exhibit vaccine failure in certain populations. This project aimed to develop an edible TBE vaccine to trigger a stronger immune response through oral delivery of viral antigens to mucosal surfaces. We demonstrated successful expression and post-translational processing of flavivirus structural proteins which then self-assembled to form virus-like particles in Nicotiana benthamiana. We performed oral toxicity tests in mice using various plant species as potential bioreactors and evaluated the immunogenicity of the resulting edible vaccine candidate. Mice immunized with the edible vaccine candidate did not survive challenge with TBE virus. Interestingly, immunization of female mice with a commercial TBE vaccine can protect their offspring against TBE virus infection.
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28
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Wang C, Zhang D, Cheng J, Zhao D, Pan Y, Li Q, Zhu J, Yang Z, Wang J. Identification of effector CEP112 that promotes the infection of necrotrophic Alternaria solani. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:466. [PMID: 36171557 PMCID: PMC9520946 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03845-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternaria solani is a typical necrotrophic pathogen that can cause severe early blight on Solanaceae crops and cause ring disease on plant leaves. Phytopathogens produce secretory effectors that regulate the host immune response and promote pathogenic infection. Effector proteins, as specialized secretions of host-infecting pathogens, play important roles in disrupting host defense systems. At present, the role of the effector secreted by A. solani during infection remains unclear. We report the identification and characterization of AsCEP112, an effector required for A. solani virulence. RESULT The AsCEP112 gene was screened from the transcriptome and genome of A. solani on the basis of typical effector signatures. Fluorescence quantification and transient expression analysis showed that the expression level of AsCEP112 continued to increase during infection. The protein localized to the cell membrane of Nicotiana benthamiana and regulated senescence-related genes, resulting in the chlorosis of N. benthamiana and tomato leaves. Moreover, comparative analysis of AsCEP112 mutant obtained by homologous recombination with wild-type and revertant strains indicated that AsCEP112 gene played an active role in regulating melanin formation and penetration in the pathogen. Deletion of AsCEP112 also reduced the pathogenicity of HWC-168. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that AsCEP112 was an important effector protein that targeted host cell membranes. AsCEP112 regulateed host senescence-related genes to control host leaf senescence and chlorosis, and contribute to pathogen virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Pan
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiehua Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China.
- Technological Innovation Center for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhihui Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China.
- Technological Innovation Center for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinhui Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China.
- Technological Innovation Center for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Spiegel H, Nölke G, Thangaraj H, Schillberg S. The concept of an agroinfiltration kit for recombinant protein production for educational and commercial use—A journey through a forest of regulatory and legal implications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:926239. [PMID: 36131725 PMCID: PMC9483176 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.926239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant expression using Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation (ATT) of plants has developed into a robust and versatile method to rapidly produce proteins. The capability of plants to efficiently synthesize even homo- and hetero-multimeric complex folded proteins featuring disulfide bonds and other post-translational modifications such as N-linked glycosylation makes them superior to most of the established microbial, especially prokaryotic expression hosts. Compared to production in mammalian cell cultures, ATT requires lower skills, simple technical equipment and cheaper media components. Taken together these features make the method optimally suited for R&D applications involving the development and engineering of recombinant proteins for various purposes ranging from vaccine candidates, therapeutic proteins, towards enzymes for different pharmaceutical and technical applications. Despite these advantages the technology is currently not being used outside the community of plant research. The design and realization of a kit containing all the information, instructions and ideally also the material required to perform recombinant protein production using ATT in an educational or commercial context was one of the objectives of the EU-funded Horizon 2020 project Pharma-Factory. While it is pretty straightforward to assemble a comprehensive instruction manual describing the procedure, the clarification of regulatory and legal aspects associated with the provision, dissemination and use of the different materials and organisms required to perform ATT is a complex matter. In this article, we describe the initial concept of an ATT kit for educational as well as research and development (R&D) purposes and the specific regulatory and legal implications associated with the various kit components. We cover aspects including intellectual property rights, freedom-to-operate (FTO), safety regulations for distributing genetically-modified organisms (GMOs), as well as export and import regulations. Our analysis reveals that important components of the ATT kit are freely available for research purposes but not or only with considerable effort for commercial use and distribution. We conclude with a number of considerations and requirements that need to be met in order to successfully disseminate such a kit in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Spiegel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Holger Spiegel,
| | - Greta Nölke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - Harry Thangaraj
- Independent Consultant, (Residential Address Withheld), Finchley, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Schillberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Department of Phytopathology, Giessen, Germany
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30
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Identification of MADS-Box Transcription Factors in Iris laevigata and Functional Assessment of IlSEP3 and IlSVP during Flowering. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179950. [PMID: 36077350 PMCID: PMC9456522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iris laevigata is ideal for gardening and landscaping in northeast China because of its beautiful flowers and strong cold resistance. However, the short length of flowering time (2 days for individual flowers) greatly limits its applications. Molecular breeding and engineering hold high potential for producing I. laevigata of desirable flowering properties. A prerequisite is to identify and characterize key flowering control genes, the identity of which remains largely unknown in I. laevigata due to the lack of genome information. To fill this knowledge gap, we used sequencing data of the I. laevigata transcriptome to identify MADS-box gene-encoding transcription factors that have been shown to play key roles in developmental processes, including flowering. Our data revealed 41 putative MADS-box genes, which consisted of 8 type I (5 Mα and 3 Mβ, respectively) and 33 type II members (2 MIKC* and 31 MIKCC, respectively). We then selected IlSEP3 and IlSVP for functional studies and found that both are localized to the nucleus and that they interact physically in vitro. Ectopic expression of IlSEP3 in Arabidopsis resulted in early flowering (32 days) compared to that of control plants (36 days), which could be mediated by modulating the expression of FT, SOC1, AP1, SVP, SPL3, VRN1, and GA20OX. By contrast, plants overexpressing IlSVP were phenotypically similar to that of wild type. Our functional validation of IlSEP3 was consistent with the notion that SEP3 promotes flowering in multiple plant species and indicated that IlSEP3 regulates flowering in I. laevigata. Taken together, this work provided a systematic identification of MADS-box genes in I. laevigata and demonstrated that the flowering time of I. laevigata can be genetically controlled by altering the expression of key MADS-box genes.
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Pierrat X, Pham A, Wong JPH, Al-Mayyah Z, Persat A. Engineering Agrobacterium tumefaciens Adhesion to Target Cells. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:2662-2671. [PMID: 35881049 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a plant pathogen commonly repurposed for genetic modification of crops. Despite its versatility, it remains inefficient at transferring DNA to many hosts, including to animal cells. Like many pathogens, physical contact between A. tumefaciens and host cells promotes infection efficacy. Thus, improving the strength and specificity of A. tumefaciens to target cells has the potential for enhancing DNA transfer for biotechnological and therapeutic purposes. Here, we demonstrate a methodology for engineering genetically encoded exogeneous adhesins at the surface of A. tumefaciens. We identified an autotransporter gene we named Aat that is predicted to show canonical β-barrel and passenger domains. We engineered the β-barrel scaffold and linker (Aatβ) to display synthetic adhesins susceptible to rewire A. tumefaciens to alternative host targets. As a proof of concept, we leveraged the versatility of a VHH domain to rewire A. tumefaciens adhesion to yeast and mammalian hosts displaying a GFP target receptor. Finally, to demonstrate how synthetic A. tumefaciens adhesion can improve transfer to host cells, we showed improved protein translocation into HeLa cells using a sensitive split luciferase reporter system. Engineering A. tumefaciens adhesion has therefore a strong potential in generating complex heterogeneous cellular assemblies and in improving DNA transfer efficiency against non-natural hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Pierrat
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering and Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alix Pham
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering and Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy P H Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering and Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zainebe Al-Mayyah
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering and Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Persat
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering and Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Flagellotropic Bacteriophages: Opportunities and Challenges for Antimicrobial Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137084. [PMID: 35806089 PMCID: PMC9266447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant biological entities in the biosphere. As viruses that solely infect bacteria, phages have myriad healthcare and agricultural applications including phage therapy and antibacterial treatments in the foodservice industry. Phage therapy has been explored since the turn of the twentieth century but was no longer prioritized following the invention of antibiotics. As we approach a post-antibiotic society, phage therapy research has experienced a significant resurgence for the use of phages against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, a growing concern in modern medicine. Phages are extraordinarily diverse, as are their host receptor targets. Flagellotropic (flagellum-dependent) phages begin their infection cycle by attaching to the flagellum of their motile host, although the later stages of the infection process of most of these phages remain elusive. Flagella are helical appendages required for swimming and swarming motility and are also of great importance for virulence in many pathogenic bacteria of clinical relevance. Not only is bacterial motility itself frequently important for virulence, as it allows pathogenic bacteria to move toward their host and find nutrients more effectively, but flagella can also serve additional functions including mediating bacterial adhesion to surfaces. Flagella are also a potent antigen recognized by the human immune system. Phages utilizing the flagellum for infections are of particular interest due to the unique evolutionary tradeoff they force upon their hosts: by downregulating or abolishing motility to escape infection by a flagellotropic phage, a pathogenic bacterium would also likely attenuate its virulence. This factor may lead to flagellotropic phages becoming especially potent antibacterial agents. This review outlines past, present, and future research of flagellotropic phages, including their molecular mechanisms of infection and potential future applications.
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Reproductive-Stage Heat Stress in Cereals: Impact, Plant Responses and Strategies for Tolerance Improvement. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136929. [PMID: 35805930 PMCID: PMC9266455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive-stage heat stress (RSHS) poses a major constraint to cereal crop production by damaging main plant reproductive structures and hampering reproductive processes, including pollen and stigma viability, pollination, fertilization, grain setting and grain filling. Despite this well-recognized fact, research on crop heat stress (HS) is relatively recent compared to other abiotic stresses, such as drought and salinity, and in particular, RSHS studies in cereals are considerably few in comparison with seedling-stage and vegetative-stage-centered studies. Meanwhile, climate change-exacerbated HS, independently or synergistically with drought, will have huge implications on crop performance and future global food security. Fortunately, due to their sedentary nature, crop plants have evolved complex and diverse transient and long-term mechanisms to perceive, transduce, respond and adapt to HS at the molecular, cell, physiological and whole plant levels. Therefore, uncovering the molecular and physiological mechanisms governing plant response and tolerance to RSHS facilitates the designing of effective strategies to improve HS tolerance in cereal crops. In this review, we update our understanding of several aspects of RSHS in cereals, particularly impacts on physiological processes and yield; HS signal perception and transduction; and transcriptional regulation by heat shock factors and heat stress-responsive genes. We also discuss the epigenetic, post-translational modification and HS memory mechanisms modulating plant HS tolerance. Moreover, we offer a critical set of strategies (encompassing genomics and plant breeding, transgenesis, omics and agronomy) that could accelerate the development of RSHS-resilient cereal crop cultivars. We underline that a judicious combination of all of these strategies offers the best foot forward in RSHS tolerance improvement in cereals. Further, we highlight critical shortcomings to RSHS tolerance investigations in cereals and propositions for their circumvention, as well as some knowledge gaps, which should guide future research priorities. Overall, our review furthers our understanding of HS tolerance in plants and supports the rational designing of RSHS-tolerant cereal crop cultivars for the warming climate.
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Das D, Singha DL, Paswan RR, Chowdhury N, Sharma M, Reddy PS, Chikkaputtaiah C. Recent advancements in CRISPR/Cas technology for accelerated crop improvement. PLANTA 2022; 255:109. [PMID: 35460444 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Precise genome engineering approaches could be perceived as a second paradigm for targeted trait improvement in crop plants, with the potential to overcome the constraints imposed by conventional CRISPR/Cas technology. The likelihood of reduced agricultural production due to highly turbulent climatic conditions increases as the global population expands. The second paradigm of stress-resilient crops with enhanced tolerance and increased productivity against various stresses is paramount to support global production and consumption equilibrium. Although traditional breeding approaches have substantially increased crop production and yield, effective strategies are anticipated to restore crop productivity even further in meeting the world's increasing food demands. CRISPR/Cas, which originated in prokaryotes, has surfaced as a coveted genome editing tool in recent decades, reshaping plant molecular biology in unprecedented ways and paving the way for engineering stress-tolerant crops. CRISPR/Cas is distinguished by its efficiency, high target specificity, and modularity, enables precise genetic modification of crop plants, allowing for the creation of allelic variations in the germplasm and the development of novel and more productive agricultural practices. Additionally, a slew of advanced biotechnologies premised on the CRISPR/Cas methodologies have augmented fundamental research and plant synthetic biology toolkits. Here, we describe gene editing tools, including CRISPR/Cas and its imitative tools, such as base and prime editing, multiplex genome editing, chromosome engineering followed by their implications in crop genetic improvement. Further, we comprehensively discuss the latest developments of CRISPR/Cas technology including CRISPR-mediated gene drive, tissue-specific genome editing, dCas9 mediated epigenetic modification and programmed self-elimination of transgenes in plants. Finally, we highlight the applicability and scope of advanced CRISPR-based techniques in crop genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajit Das
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Dhanawantari L Singha
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Ricky Raj Paswan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Naimisha Chowdhury
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Monica Sharma
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy
- International Crop Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502 324, India
| | - Channakeshavaiah Chikkaputtaiah
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.
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He Y, Mudgett M, Zhao Y. Advances in gene editing without residual transgenes in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1757-1768. [PMID: 34893903 PMCID: PMC8968301 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Transgene residuals in edited plants affect genetic analysis, pose off-target risks, and cause regulatory concerns. Several strategies have been developed to efficiently edit target genes without leaving any transgenes in plants. Some approaches directly address this issue by editing plant genomes with DNA-free reagents. On the other hand, DNA-based techniques require another step for ensuring plants are transgene-free. Fluorescent markers, pigments, and chemical treatments have all been employed as tools to distinguish transgenic plants from transgene-free plants quickly and easily. Moreover, suicide genes have been used to trigger self-elimination of transgenic plants, greatly improving the efficiency of isolating the desired transgene-free plants. Transgenes can also be excised from plant genomes using site-specific recombination, transposition or gene editing nucleases, providing a strategy for editing asexually produced plants. Finally, haploid induction coupled with gene editing may make it feasible to edit plants that are recalcitrant to transformation. Here, we evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of recently developed approaches for obtaining edited plants without transgene residuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Michael Mudgett
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
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Hou K, Yu W, Wang X, Liu J, Liu Y, Liu J, Su X, Zhang X, Xue Q, Wang C. Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for de Novo Dihydroniloticin Production Using Novel CYP450 from Neem ( Azadirachta indica). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3467-3476. [PMID: 35258300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Azadirachtin, a limonoid isolated from the neem tree, has attracted considerable interest due to its excellent performance in pest control. Studies have also reported pharmaceutical activities of dihydroniloticin, an intermediate in azadirachtin biosynthesis, but these pharmaceutical activities could not be validated due to the limited supply. In this study, AiCYP71CD2 was first identified as involved in azadirachtin biosynthesis in neem by expressing it in Nicotiana benthamiana and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Homology modeling and molecular docking analysis revealed that AiCYP71CD2 may exhibit a higher ability in catalyzing tirucalla-7,24-dien-3β-ol into dihydroniloticin compared with MaCYP71CD2 from Melia azedarach L. G310 was identified as the critical residue responsible for the higher catalytic ability of AiCYP71CD2. Condon-Optimized AiCYP71CD2 greatly improved the catalytic efficiency in yeast. De novo dihydroniloticin production using the novel AiCYP71CD2 was achieved by constructing the S. cerevisiae DI-3 strain, and the titer could reach up to 405 mg/L in a fermentor, which was an alternative source for dihydroniloticin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangxin Hou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, P.R. China
| | - Wantong Yu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojiao Wang
- Exchange, Development & Service Center for Science & Technology Talents, The Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST), 54 Sanlihe Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100045, P.R.China
| | - Jiarou Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Xinyao Su
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301607, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
- Department of Food Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
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Zhu G, Zhu H. Modified Gene Editing Systems: Diverse Bioengineering Tools and Crop Improvement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:847169. [PMID: 35371136 PMCID: PMC8969578 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.847169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gene-editing systems have emerged as bioengineering tools in recent years. Classical gene-editing systems include zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) with CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) (CRISPR/Cas9), and these tools allow specific sequences to be targeted and edited. Various modified gene-editing systems have been established based on classical gene-editing systems. Base editors (BEs) can accurately carry out base substitution on target sequences, while prime editors (PEs) can replace or insert sequences. CRISPR systems targeting mitochondrial genomes and RNA have also been explored and established. Multiple gene-editing techniques based on CRISPR/Cas9 have been established and applied to genome engineering. Modified gene-editing systems also make transgene-free plants more readily available. In this review, we discuss the modifications made to gene-editing systems in recent years and summarize the capabilities, deficiencies, and applications of these modified gene-editing systems. Finally, we discuss the future developmental direction and challenges of modified gene-editing systems.
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Cao L, Zhang L, Zhang X, Liu J, Jia MA, Zhang J, Liu J, Wang F. Types of Interferons and Their Expression in Plant Systems. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:62-71. [PMID: 35171703 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2021.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are divided into 3 types (type I, type II, and type III) on the basis of sequence homology and functional properties. Recombinant IFNs have been approved by regulatory agencies in many countries for clinical treatment of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and other diseases; these IFNs are mainly produced in microorganisms and mammalian cell systems. However, there are serious obstacles to the production of recombinant IFNs in microorganism systems; for example, the recombinant IFN may have different glycosylation patterns from the native protein, be present in insoluble inclusion bodies, be contaminated with impurities such as endotoxins and nucleic acids, have a short half-life in human blood, and incur high production costs. Some medicinal proteins have been successfully expressed in plants and used in clinical applications, suggesting that plants may also be a good system for IFN expression. However, there are still many technical problems that need to be addressed before the clinical application of plant-expressed IFNs, such as increasing the amount of recombinant protein expression and ensuring that the IFN is modified with the correct type of glycosylation. In this article, we review the classification of IFNs, their roles in antiviral signal transduction pathways, their clinical applications, and their expression in plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linggai Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaolian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meng-Ao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Jishun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiemin Liu
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
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Zhu L, Chen L, Gu J, Ma H, Wu H. Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Sustainable Agriculture: Their Application as Light Converters, Nanosensors, and Delivery Tools. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040511. [PMID: 35214844 PMCID: PMC8874462 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nano-enabled agriculture is now receiving increasing attentions. Among the used nanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterials are good candidates for sustainable agriculture. Previous review papers about the role of carbon-based nanomaterials in agriculture are either focused on one type of carbon-based nanomaterial or lack systematic discussion of the potential wide applications in agriculture. In this review, different types of carbon-based nanomaterials and their applications in light converters, nanosensors, and delivery tools in agriculture are summarized. Possible knowledge gaps are discussed. Overall, this review helps to better understand the role and the potential of carbon-based nanomaterials for nano-enabled agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (L.C.); (H.M.)
| | - Lingling Chen
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (L.C.); (H.M.)
| | - Jiangjiang Gu
- School of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Huixin Ma
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (L.C.); (H.M.)
| | - Honghong Wu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (L.C.); (H.M.)
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 511464, China
- Shenzhen Branch of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 511464, China
- Correspondence:
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Plant-Derived Recombinant Vaccines against Zoonotic Viruses. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020156. [PMID: 35207444 PMCID: PMC8878793 DOI: 10.3390/life12020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases cause serious illness with billions of cases, and millions of deaths. The most effective way to restrict the spread of zoonotic viruses among humans and animals and prevent disease is vaccination. Recombinant proteins produced in plants offer an alternative approach for the development of safe, effective, inexpensive candidate vaccines. Current strategies are focused on the production of highly immunogenic structural proteins, which mimic the organizations of the native virion but lack the viral genetic material. These include chimeric viral peptides, subunit virus proteins, and virus-like particles (VLPs). The latter, with their ability to self-assemble and thus resemble the form of virus particles, are gaining traction among plant-based candidate vaccines against many infectious diseases. In this review, we summarized the main zoonotic diseases and followed the progress in using plant expression systems for the production of recombinant proteins and VLPs used in the development of plant-based vaccines against zoonotic viruses.
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Huang PW, Xu YS, Sun XM, Shi TQ, Gu Y, Ye C, Huang H. Development of an Efficient Gene Editing Tool in Schizochytrium sp. and Improving Its Lipid and Terpenoid Biosynthesis. Front Nutr 2022; 8:795651. [PMID: 34970583 PMCID: PMC8712325 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.795651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizochytrium sp. HX-308 is a marine microalga with fast growth and high lipid content, which has potential as microbial cell factories for lipid compound biosynthesis. It is significant to develop efficient genetic editing tool and discover molecular target in Schizochytrium sp. HX-308 for lipid compound biosynthesis. In this study, we developed an efficient gene editing tool in HX-308 which was mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens AGL-1. Results showed that the random integration efficiency reached 100%, and the homologous recombination efficiency reached about 30%. Furthermore, the metabolic pathway of lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis were engineered. Firstly, the acetyl-CoA c-acetyltransferase was overexpressed in HX-308 with a strong constitutive promoter. With the overexpression of acetyl-CoA c-acetyltransferase, more acetyl-CoA was used to synthesize terpenoids, and the production of squalene, β-carotene and astaxanthin was increased 5.4, 1.8, and 2.4 times, respectively. Interestingly, the production of saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids also changed. Moreover, three Acyl-CoA oxidase genes which catalyze the first step of β-oxidation were knocked out using homologous recombination. Results showed that the production of lipids increased in the three knock-out strains. Our results demonstrated that the A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation method will be of great use for the study of function genes, as well as developing Schizochytrium sp. as a strong cell factory for producing high value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Wei Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying-Shuang Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Man Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Gu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
Plants are increasingly viewed as suitable expression hosts for the production of recombinant proteins, especially when oxidative folding and/or posttranslational modification is essential for protein stability and functionality. In contrast to traditional platforms such as yeast and mammalian cells, where the product is secreted into the culture medium, recombinant proteins expressed in plants are usually retained within the cells so additional effort is required during extraction and purification. Various extraction processes are used to release soluble proteins from plant tissues, followed by clarification to remove fibers and particulates before the target protein is purified. Fermentation media generally contain few proteins, making it easier to recover a secreted product, whereas the green juice extracted from plants usually contains a large number of host proteins that interfere with target isolation and purification. In this chapter, we describe the use of heat precipitation to remove a large portion of the host cell proteins, thus improving the efficiency of subsequent purification steps and the quality of the purified recombinant protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Spiegel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany.
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Murugan C, Ramamoorthy S, Kuppuswamy G, Murugan RK, Sivalingam Y, Sundaramurthy A. COVID-19: A review of newly formed viral clades, pathophysiology, therapeutic strategies and current vaccination tasks. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1165-1200. [PMID: 34710479 PMCID: PMC8545698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Today, the world population is facing an existential threat by an invisible enemy known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) or COVID-19. It is highly contagious and has infected a larger fraction of human population across the globe on various routes of transmission. The detailed knowledge of the SARS-CoV-2 structure and clinical aspects offers an important insight into the evolution of infection, disease progression and helps in executing the different therapies effectively. Herein, we have discussed in detail about the genome structure of SARS-CoV-2 and its role in the proteomic rational spread of different muted species and pathogenesis in infecting the host cells. The mechanisms behind the viral outbreak and its immune response, the availability of existing diagnostics techniques, the treatment efficacy of repurposed drugs and the emerging vaccine trials for the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak also have been highlighted. Furthermore, the possible antiviral effects of various herbal products and their extracted molecules in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication and cellular entry are also reported. Finally, we conclude our opinion on current challenges involved in the drug development, bulk production of drug/vaccines and their storage requirements, logistical procedures and limitations related to dosage trials for larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandran Murugan
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sharmiladevi Ramamoorthy
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Guruprasad Kuppuswamy
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Murugan
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yuvaraj Sivalingam
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603203, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Li Y, Chen T, Wang W, Liu H, Yan X, Wu-Zhang K, Qin W, Xie L, Zhang Y, Peng B, Yao X, Wang C, Kayani SI, Fu X, Li L, Tang K. A high-efficiency Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system in the leaves of Artemisia annua L. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:106. [PMID: 34654448 PMCID: PMC8520255 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation, which proved effective in diverse plant species, has been widely applied for high-throughput gene function studies due to its simplicity, rapidity, and high efficiency. Despite the efforts have made on Artemisia annua transient expression, achieving high-throughput gene functional characterization basing on a fast and easy-manipulated transient transformation system in A. annua remains challenging. RESULTS The first pair of true leaves of A. annua is an ideal candidate for Agrobacterium injection. EHA105 was the optimal strain that can be used for the development of the transient expression system. The supplementation of Triton X-100 at a concentration of 0.005% greatly improved the transient expression frequency. According to the histochemical β-Glucuronidase (GUS) staining assay, high transient expression level of the reporter gene (GUS) maintained at least a week. Dual-luciferase (Dual-LUC) transient assays showed that the activity of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV35S) promoter and its derivates varied between A. annua and tobacco. In A. annua, the CaMV35S promoter had comparable activity with double CaMV35S promoter, while in tobacco, CaMV35S exhibited approximately 50% activity of double CaMV35S promoter. Otherwise, despite the CaMV35S promoter and double CaMV35S promoter from GoldenBraid Kit 2.0 displayed high activity strength in tobacco, they demonstrated a very low activity in transiently expressed A. annua. The activity of UBQ10 promoter and endogenous UBQb promoter was investigated as well. Additionally, using our transient expression system, the transactivation of AaGSW1 and AaORA on AaCYP71AV1 promoter was confirmed. Dual-LUC assays demonstrated that AaHD8 activated the expression of two glandular secreting trichomes-specific lipid transfer protein genes AaLTP1 and AaLTP2, indicating that AaLTP1 and AaLTP2 might serve as downstream components of AaHD8-involved glandular trichome initiation and cuticle formation, as well as artemisinin secretion in A. annua. CONCLUSIONS A simple, rapid, good-reproducibility, high-efficiency and low-cost transient transformation system in A. annua was developed. Our method offered a new way for gene functional characterization studies such as gene subcellular localization, promoter activity and transcription activation assays in A. annua, avoiding the aberrant phenotypes resulting from gene expression in a heterologous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kuanyu Wu-Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lihui Xie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yaojie Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bowen Peng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinghao Yao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Sadaf-Ilyas Kayani
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xueqing Fu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ling Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kexuan Tang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Kaur M, Manchanda P, Kalia A, Ahmed FK, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Abd-Elsalam KA. Agroinfiltration Mediated Scalable Transient Gene Expression in Genome Edited Crop Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10882. [PMID: 34639221 PMCID: PMC8509792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is one of the most commonly used genetic transformation method that involves transfer of foreign genes into target plants. Agroinfiltration, an Agrobacterium-based transient approach and the breakthrough discovery of CRISPR/Cas9 holds trending stature to perform targeted and efficient genome editing (GE). The predominant feature of agroinfiltration is the abolishment of Transfer-DNA (T-DNA) integration event to ensure fewer biosafety and regulatory issues besides showcasing the capability to perform transcription and translation efficiently, hence providing a large picture through pilot-scale experiment via transient approach. The direct delivery of recombinant agrobacteria through this approach carrying CRISPR/Cas cassette to knockout the expression of the target gene in the intercellular tissue spaces by physical or vacuum infiltration can simplify the targeted site modification. This review aims to provide information on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and implementation of agroinfiltration with GE to widen the horizon of targeted genome editing before a stable genome editing approach. This will ease the screening of numerous functions of genes in different plant species with wider applicability in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maninder Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India;
| | - Pooja Manchanda
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India;
| | - Anu Kalia
- Electron Microscopy and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India;
| | - Farah K. Ahmed
- Biotechnology English Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), 9-Gamaa St., Giza 12619, Egypt;
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Jutras PV, Soldan R, Dodds I, Schuster M, Preston GM, van der Hoorn RAL. AgroLux: bioluminescent Agrobacterium to improve molecular pharming and study plant immunity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:600-612. [PMID: 34369027 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Agroinfiltration in Nicotiana benthamiana is widely used to transiently express heterologous proteins in plants. However, the state of Agrobacterium itself is not well studied in agroinfiltrated tissues, despite frequent studies of immunity genes conducted through agroinfiltration. Here, we generated a bioluminescent strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 to monitor the luminescence of Agrobacterium during agroinfiltration. By integrating a single copy of the lux operon into the genome, we generated a stable 'AgroLux' strain, which is bioluminescent without affecting Agrobacterium growth in vitro and in planta. To illustrate its versatility, we used AgroLux to demonstrate that high light intensity post infiltration suppresses both Agrobacterium luminescence and protein expression. We also discovered that AgroLux can detect Avr/Cf-induced immune responses before tissue collapse, establishing a robust and rapid quantitative assay for the hypersensitive response (HR). Thus, AgroLux provides a non-destructive, versatile and easy-to-use imaging tool to monitor both Agrobacterium and plant responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe V Jutras
- Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Park Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Riccardo Soldan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Park Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Isobel Dodds
- Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Park Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Mariana Schuster
- Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Park Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Gail M Preston
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Park Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Renier A L van der Hoorn
- Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Park Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
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Citiulo F, Crosatti C, Cattivelli L, Biselli C. Frontiers in the Standardization of the Plant Platform for High Scale Production of Vaccines. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1828. [PMID: 34579360 PMCID: PMC8467261 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the value of technologies that allow a fast setup and production of biopharmaceuticals in emergency situations. The plant factory system can provide a fast response to epidemics/pandemics. Thanks to their scalability and genome plasticity, plants represent advantageous platforms to produce vaccines. Plant systems imply less complicated production processes and quality controls with respect to mammalian and bacterial cells. The expression of vaccines in plants is based on transient or stable transformation systems and the recent progresses in genome editing techniques, based on the CRISPR/Cas method, allow the manipulation of DNA in an efficient, fast, and easy way by introducing specific modifications in specific sites of a genome. Nonetheless, CRISPR/Cas is far away from being fully exploited for vaccine expression in plants. In this review, an overview of the potential conjugation of the renewed vaccine technologies (i.e., virus-like particles-VLPs, and industrialization of the production process) with genome editing to produce vaccines in plants is reported, illustrating the potential advantages in the standardization of the plant platforms, with the overtaking of constancy of large-scale production challenges, facilitating regulatory requirements and expediting the release and commercialization of the vaccine products of genome edited plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Citiulo
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Cristina Crosatti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy; (C.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Luigi Cattivelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy; (C.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Chiara Biselli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Viale Santa Margherita 80, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
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Shanmugaraj B, Siriwattananon K, Malla A, Phoolcharoen W. Potential for Developing Plant-Derived Candidate Vaccines and Biologics against Emerging Coronavirus Infections. Pathogens 2021; 10:1051. [PMID: 34451516 PMCID: PMC8400130 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging human coronavirus infections in the 21st century remain a major public health crisis causing worldwide impact and challenging the global health care system. The virus is circulating in several zoonotic hosts and continuously evolving, causing occasional outbreaks due to spill-over events occurring between animals and humans. Hence, the development of effective vaccines or therapeutic interventions is the current global priority in order to reduce disease severity, frequent outbreaks, and to prevent future infections. Vaccine development for newly emerging pathogens takes a long time, which hinders rapid immunization programs. The concept of plant-based pharmaceuticals can be readily applied to meet the recombinant protein demand by means of transient expression. Plants are evolved as an expression platform, and they bring a combination of unique interests in terms of rapid scalability, flexibility, and economy for industrial-scale production of effective vaccines, diagnostic reagents, and other biopharmaceuticals. Plants offer safe biologics to fulfill emergency demands, especially during pandemic situations or outbreaks caused by emerging strains. This review highlights the features of a plant expression platform for producing recombinant biopharmaceuticals to combat coronavirus infections with emphasis on COVID-19 vaccine and biologics development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konlavat Siriwattananon
- Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ashwini Malla
- Baiya Phytopharm Co., Ltd., Bangkok 10250, Thailand; (B.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
- Baiya Phytopharm Co., Ltd., Bangkok 10250, Thailand; (B.S.); (A.M.)
- Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
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Maquia ISA, Fareleira P, Videira e. Castro I, Soares R, Brito DRA, Mbanze AA, Chaúque A, Máguas C, Ezeokoli OT, Ribeiro NS, Marques I, Ribeiro-Barros AI. The Nexus between Fire and Soil Bacterial Diversity in the African Miombo Woodlands of Niassa Special Reserve, Mozambique. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081562. [PMID: 34442641 PMCID: PMC8400031 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: the Miombo woodlands comprise the most important vegetation from southern Africa and are dominated by tree legumes with an ecology highly driven by fires. Here, we report on the characterization of bacterial communities from the rhizosphere of Brachystegia boehmii in different soil types from areas subjected to different regimes. (2) Methods: bacterial communities were identified through Illumina MiSeq sequencing (16S rRNA). Vigna unguiculata was used as a trap to capture nitrogen-fixing bacteria and culture-dependent methods in selective media were used to isolate plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). PGP traits were analysed and molecular taxonomy of the purified isolates was performed. (3) Results: Bacterial communities in the Miombo rhizosphere are highly diverse and driven by soil type and fire regime. Independent of the soil or fire regime, the functional diversity was high, and the different consortia maintained the general functions. A diverse pool of diazotrophs was isolated, and included symbiotic (e.g., Mesorhizobium sp., Neorhizobium galegae, Rhizobium sp., and Ensifer adhaerens), and non-symbiotic (e.g., Agrobacterium sp., Burkholderia sp., Cohnella sp., Microvirga sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Stenotrophomonas sp.) bacteria. Several isolates presented cumulative PGP traits. (4) Conclusions: Although the dynamics of bacterial communities from the Miombo rhizosphere is driven by fire, the maintenance of high levels of diversity and functions remain unchanged, constituting a source of promising bacteria in terms of plant-beneficial activities such as mobilization and acquisition of nutrients, mitigation of abiotic stress, and modulation of plant hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivete Sandra Alberto Maquia
- Forest Research Center, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal;
- TropiKMan Doctoral Program, NOVA SBE, 2775-405 Carcavelos, Portugal
- Biotechnology Center, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo 3453, Mozambique;
| | - Paula Fareleira
- National Institute of Agricultural and Veterinary Research, I.P. (INIAV, I.P), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (P.F.); (I.V.e.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Isabel Videira e. Castro
- National Institute of Agricultural and Veterinary Research, I.P. (INIAV, I.P), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (P.F.); (I.V.e.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Ricardo Soares
- National Institute of Agricultural and Veterinary Research, I.P. (INIAV, I.P), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (P.F.); (I.V.e.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Denise R. A. Brito
- Biotechnology Center, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo 3453, Mozambique;
| | | | - Aniceto Chaúque
- Faculty of Agronomy and Forest Engineering, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo 3453, Mozambique; (A.C.); (N.S.R.)
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Obinna T. Ezeokoli
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
| | - Natasha Sofia Ribeiro
- Faculty of Agronomy and Forest Engineering, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo 3453, Mozambique; (A.C.); (N.S.R.)
| | - Isabel Marques
- Forest Research Center, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (A.I.R.-B.)
| | - Ana I. Ribeiro-Barros
- Forest Research Center, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (A.I.R.-B.)
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Venkataraman S, Hefferon K, Makhzoum A, Abouhaidar M. Combating Human Viral Diseases: Will Plant-Based Vaccines Be the Answer? Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070761. [PMID: 34358177 PMCID: PMC8310141 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular pharming or the technology of application of plants and plant cell culture to manufacture high-value recombinant proteins has progressed a long way over the last three decades. Whether generated in transgenic plants by stable expression or in plant virus-based transient expression systems, biopharmaceuticals have been produced to combat several human viral diseases that have impacted the world in pandemic proportions. Plants have been variously employed in expressing a host of viral antigens as well as monoclonal antibodies. Many of these biopharmaceuticals have shown great promise in animal models and several of them have performed successfully in clinical trials. The current review elaborates the strategies and successes achieved in generating plant-derived vaccines to target several virus-induced health concerns including highly communicable infectious viral diseases. Importantly, plant-made biopharmaceuticals against hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), the cancer-causing virus human papillomavirus (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza virus, zika virus, and the emerging respiratory virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been discussed. The use of plant virus-derived nanoparticles (VNPs) and virus-like particles (VLPs) in generating plant-based vaccines are extensively addressed. The review closes with a critical look at the caveats of plant-based molecular pharming and future prospects towards further advancements in this technology. The use of biopharmed viral vaccines in human medicine and as part of emergency response vaccines and therapeutics in humans looks promising for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividhya Venkataraman
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; (K.H.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kathleen Hefferon
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; (K.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Abdullah Makhzoum
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Palapye, Botswana;
| | - Mounir Abouhaidar
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; (K.H.); (M.A.)
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