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Acar Çevik U, Celik I, İnce U, Maryam Z, Ahmad I, Patel H, Özkay Y, Asım Kaplancıklı Z. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling Studies of New 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives as Potent Antimicrobial Agents. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201146. [PMID: 36764924 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the synthesis, characterization, and biological activities of a new series of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives were investigated. The structures of final compounds were identified using 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, elemental analysis, and HRMS. All the new synthesized compounds were then screened for their antimicrobial activity against four types of pathogenic bacteria and one fungal strain, by application of the MIC assays, using Ampicilin, Gentamycin, Vancomycin, and Fluconazole as standards. Among the compounds, the MIC values of 4 and 8 μg/mL of the compounds 3f and 3g, respectively, are remarkable and indicate that these compounds are good candidates for antifungal activity. The docking experiments were used to identify the binding forms of produced ligands with sterol 14-demethylase to acquire insight into relevant proteins. The MD performed about 100 ns simulations to validate selected compounds' theoretical studies. Finally, using density functional theory (DFT) to predict reactivity, the chemical characteristics and quantum factors of synthesized compounds were computed. These results were then correlated with the experimental data. Furthermore, computational estimation was performed to predict the ADME properties of the most active compound 3f.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulviye Acar Çevik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, 26470, Turkey
| | - Ismail Celik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Ufuk İnce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Zahra Maryam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, 26470, Turkey
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, 26470, Turkey
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, 26470, Turkey
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2
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Ergena A, Rajeshwar Y, Solomon G. Synthesis and Diuretic Activity of Substituted 1,3,4-Thiadiazoles. SCIENTIFICA 2022; 2022:3011531. [PMID: 35433072 PMCID: PMC9012607 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3011531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
1,3,4-Thiadiazole nuclease, a 5-membered heterocyclic ring system containing two nitrogen and one sulfur atoms in addition to carbon atoms, is compound that showed promising results in the process of searching new diuretic agents. In this study, seven 5- and 2-thioate derivatives of 1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles were synthesized by substitution reaction using acetone as solvent and K2CO3 as a base. The compounds ware then characterized by using IR and NMR spectroscopy. The diuretic activity of the compounds was evaluated on Swiss albino mice by measuring urine volume, urinary pH, and urinary Na+, K+, and Cl-. The result showed increase in urinary excretion of both water and electrolytes. 5-Methyl-substituted derivatives of 1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles showed significant increase in excretion of both water and electrolytes when they are compared to both negative control and 5-amino-substituted derivatives. The highest diuretic activity (0.82) was recorded for para-nitro-substituted benzene ring at 2-thioate group of 5-methyl-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole, while the least (0.56) was recorded for propanethioate group at 2nd position and amine group at 5th position of 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole. The finding of the present study showed that all the compounds have diuretic activity and 5-methyl derivatives of 1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles exhibited significant diuretic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asrat Ergena
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yerra Rajeshwar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Gebremedhin Solomon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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3
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Kemparajegowda, Swarup HA, Chandrasekhar S, Jayanna B, Kumara K, Lokanath N, Thimmaiah SB, Mantelingu K. Sulfuric acid-mediated synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-thiadiazole via intramolecular cyclization reaction from dithioesters: An approach to crystal structure prediction, DFT studies and Hirshfeld surface analysis. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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4
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Abu‐Hashem AA. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of new 1,2,4‐triazole, 1,3,4‐oxadiazole, 1,3,4‐thiadiazole, thiopyrane, thiazolidinone, and azepine derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ameen Ali Abu‐Hashem
- Photochemistry Department (Heterocyclic Unit) National Research Centre Giza Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Jazan University Jazan Saudi Arabia
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5
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Synthesis and trypanocidal activity of novel pyridinyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110162. [PMID: 32407986 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present the design, synthesis and trypanocidal evaluation of sixteen new 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives from N-aminobenzyl or N-arylhydrazone series. All derivatives were assayed against the trypomastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi, showing IC50 values ranging from 3 to 226 μM, and a better trypanocidal profile was demonstrated for the 1,3,4-thiadiazole-N-arylhydrazones (3a-g). In this series, the 2-pyridinyl fragment bound to the imine subunit of the hydrazine moiety presented pharmacophoric behavior for trypanocidal activity. Compounds 2a, 11a and 3e presented remarkable activity and excellent selectivity indexes. Compound 2a was also active against the intracellular amastigote form of T. cruzi. Moreover, its corresponding hydrochloride, compound 11a, showed the most promising profile, producing phenotypic changes similar to those caused by posaconazole, a well-known inhibitor of sterol biosynthesis. Thus, 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivative 11a could be considered a good prototype for the development of new drug candidates for Chagas disease therapy.
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Kerru N, Gummidi L, Bhaskaruni SVHS, Maddila SN, Singh P, Jonnalagadda SB. A comparison between observed and DFT calculations on structure of 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19280. [PMID: 31848439 PMCID: PMC6917775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55793-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The crystal and molecular structure of 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole 3 was reported, which was characterized by various spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, NMR and HRMS) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure 3 (C8H6ClN3S) crystallized in the orthorhombic space group Pna21 and the unit cell consisted of 8 asymmetric molecules. The unit cell parameters were a = 11.2027(2) Å, b = 7.6705(2) Å, c = 21.2166(6) Å, α = β = γ = 90°, V = 1823.15(8) Å3, Z = 8. In addition, the structural geometry (bond lengths, bond angles, and torsion angles), the electronic properties of mono and dimeric forms of compound 3 were calculated by using the density functional theory (DFT) method at B3LYP level 6-31+ G(d,p), 6-31++ G(d,p) and 6-311+ G(d,p) basis sets in ground state. A good correlation was found (R2 = 0.998) between the observed and theoretical vibrational frequencies. Frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) and Molecular Electrostatic Potential map of the compound was produced by using the optimized structures. The NBO analysis was suggested that the molecular system contains N-H…N hydrogen bonding, strong conjugative interactions and the molecule become more polarized owing to the movement of π-electron cloud from donor to acceptor. The calculated structural and geometrical results were in good rational agreement with the experimental X-ray crystal structure data of 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine, 3. The compound 3 exhibited n→π* UV absorption peak of UV cutoff edge, and great magnitude of the first-order hyperpolarizability was observed. The obtained results suggest that compound 3 could have potential application as NLO material. Therefore, this study provides valuable insight experimentally and theoretically, for designing new chemical entities to meet the demands of specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Kerru
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, P/Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Lalitha Gummidi
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, P/Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Sandeep V H S Bhaskaruni
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, P/Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Surya Narayana Maddila
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, P/Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, P/Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Sreekantha B Jonnalagadda
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, P/Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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7
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Al-Wahaibi LH, Sert Y, Ucun F, Al-Shaalan NH, Alsfouk A, El-Emam AA, Karakaya M. Theoretical and experimental spectroscopic studies, XPS analysis, dimer interaction energies and molecular docking study of 5-(adamantan-1-yl)-N-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpcs.2019.109091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Khathi SP, Chandrasekaran B, Karunanidhi S, Tham CL, Kozielski F, Sayyad N, Karpoormath R. Design and synthesis of novel thiadiazole-thiazolone hybrids as potential inhibitors of the human mitotic kinesin Eg5. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2930-2938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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Riyadh SM, El-Motairi SA, Ahmed HEA, Khalil KD, Habib ESE. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking of Novel Thiazoles and [1,3,4]Thiadiazoles Incorporating Sulfonamide Group as DHFR Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1800231. [PMID: 29956887 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
2-(1-{4-[(4-Methylphenyl)sulfonamido]phenyl}ethylidene)thiosemicarbazide (3) was exploited as a starting material for the synthesis of two novel series of 5-arylazo-2-hydrazonothiazoles 6a - 6j and 2-hydrazono[1,3,4]thiadiazoles 10a - 10d, incorporating sulfonamide group, through its reactions with appropriate hydrazonoyl halides. The structures of the newly synthesized products were confirmed by spectral and elemental analyses. Also, the antimicrobial, anticancer, and DHFR inhibition potency for two series of thiazoles and [1,3,4]thiadiazoles were evaluated and explained by molecular docking studies and SAR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed M Riyadh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawaraha, 30002, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Shojaa A El-Motairi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawaraha, 30002, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany E A Ahmed
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmacy College, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawaraha, 41477, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Khaled D Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawaraha, 30002, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed E Habib
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawaraha, 41477, Saudi Arabia.,Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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10
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Shahcheragh SM, Habibi A, Khosravi S. Straightforward synthesis of novel substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives in choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvent. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Synthesis and evaluation of the trypanocidal activity of a series of 1,3,4-thiadiazoles derivatives of R-(+)-limonene benzaldehyde-thiosemicarbazones. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Boechat N, Carvalho AS, Salomão K, Castro SLD, Araujo-Lima CF, Mello FVC, Felzenszwalb I, Aiub CAF, Conde TR, Zamith HPS, Skupin R, Haufe G. Studies of genotoxicity and mutagenicity of nitroimidazoles: demystifying this critical relationship with the nitro group. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:492-9. [PMID: 26018452 PMCID: PMC4501412 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroimidazoles exhibit high microbicidal activity, but mutagenic, genotoxic and cytotoxic properties have been attributed to the presence of the nitro group. However, we synthesised nitroimidazoles with activity against the trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi, but that were not genotoxic. Herein, nitroimidazoles (11-19) bearing different substituent groups were investigated for their potential induction of genotoxicity (comet assay) and mutagenicity (Salmonella/Microsome assay) and the correlations of these effects with their trypanocidal effect and with megazol were investigated. The compounds were designed to analyse the role played by the position of the nitro group in the imidazole nucleus (C-4 or C-5) and the presence of oxidisable groups at N-1 as an anion receptor group and the role of a methyl group at C-2. Nitroimidazoles bearing NO2 at C-4 and CH3 at C-2 were not genotoxic compared to those bearing NO 2 at C-5. However, when there was a CH3 at C-2, the position of the NO2 group had no influence on the genotoxic activity. Fluorinated compounds exhibited higher genotoxicity regardless of the presence of CH3 at C-2 or NO2 at C-4 or C-5. However, in compounds 11 (2-CH3; 4-NO2; N-CH2OHCH2Cl) and 12 (2-CH3; 4-NO2; N-CH2OHCH2F), the fluorine atom had no influence on genotoxicity. This study contributes to the future search for new and safer prototypes and provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núbia Boechat
- Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos, Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Alcione S Carvalho
- Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos, Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Kelly Salomão
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Solange L de Castro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Carlos F Araujo-Lima
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Francisco V C Mello
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Israel Felzenszwalb
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Claudia A F Aiub
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Taline Ramos Conde
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Toxicologia, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Helena P S Zamith
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Toxicologia, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rolf Skupin
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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13
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Supramolecular interactions in biologically relevant compounds. 2-Pyrazineformamide thiosemicarbazones and some products of their cyclization. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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de Carvalho AS, Salomão K, de Castro SL, Conde TR, Zamith HPDS, Caffarena ER, Hall BS, Wilkinson SR, Boechat N. Megazol and its bioisostere 4H-1,2,4-triazole: comparing the trypanocidal, cytotoxic and genotoxic activities and their in vitro and in silico interactions with the Trypanosoma brucei nitroreductase enzyme. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 109:315-23. [PMID: 24676659 PMCID: PMC4131783 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276140497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Megazol (7) is a 5-nitroimidazole that is highly active against Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei, as well as drug-resistant forms of trypanosomiasis. Compound 7 is not used clinically due to its mutagenic and genotoxic properties, but has been largely used as a lead compound. Here, we compared the activity of 7 with its 4H-1,2,4-triazole bioisostere (8) in bloodstream forms of T. brucei and T. cruzi and evaluated their activation by T. brucei type I nitroreductase (TbNTR) enzyme. We also analysed the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of these compounds in whole human blood using Comet and fluorescein diacetate/ethidium bromide assays. Although the only difference between 7 and 8 is the substitution of sulphur (in the thiadiazole in 7) for nitrogen (in the triazole in 8), the results indicated that 8 had poorer antiparasitic activity than 7 and was not genotoxic, whereas 7 presented this effect. The determination of Vmax indicated that although 8 was metabolised more rapidly than 7, it bounds to the TbNTR with better affinity, resulting in equivalent kcat/KM values. Docking assays of 7 and 8 performed within the active site of a homology model of the TbNTR indicating that 8 had greater affinity than 7.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly Salomão
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de
Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Taline Ramos Conde
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Toxicologia, Instituto Nacional de
Controle de Qualidade em Saúde - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brasil
| | - Helena Pereira da Silva Zamith
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Toxicologia, Instituto Nacional de
Controle de Qualidade em Saúde - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brasil
| | | | - Belinda Suzette Hall
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of
London, London, UK
| | | | - Núbia Boechat
- Departamento de Síntese de Fármacos, Farmanguinhos - Fiocruz, Rio de
Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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15
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Hu Y, Li CY, Wang XM, Yang YH, Zhu HL. 1,3,4-Thiadiazole: synthesis, reactions, and applications in medicinal, agricultural, and materials chemistry. Chem Rev 2014; 114:5572-610. [PMID: 24716666 DOI: 10.1021/cr400131u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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16
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Jain AK, Sharma S, Vaidya A, Ravichandran V, Agrawal RK. 1,3,4-thiadiazole and its derivatives: a review on recent progress in biological activities. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 81:557-76. [PMID: 23452185 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus is one of the most important and well-known heterocyclic nuclei, which is a common and integral feature of a variety of natural products and medicinal agents. Thiadiazole nucleus is present as a core structural component in an array of drug categories such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiepileptic, antiviral, antineoplastic, and antitubercular agents. The broad and potent activity of thiadiazole and their derivatives has established them as pharmacologically significant scaffolds. In this study, an attempt has been made with recent research findings on this nucleus, to review the structural modifications on different thiadiazole derivatives for various pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Jain
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradhesh, India.
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17
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Al-Tamimi AMS, Alafeefy AM, El-Emam AA, Ng SW, Tiekink ERT. 5-(Adamantan-1-yl)-N-methyl-1,3,4-thia-diazol-2-amine. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o683. [PMID: 23723843 PMCID: PMC3647877 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813009033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C13H19N3S, the methyl-amine substituent is coplanar with the thia-diazole ring to which it is attached [C-N-C-S torsion angle = 175.9 (2)°] and the amine H atom is syn to the thia-diazole S atom. Supra-molecular chains along [101], sustained by N-H⋯N hydrogen bonding, feature in the crystal packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Malek S. Al-Tamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Salman bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Alafeefy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Salman bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A. El-Emam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seik Weng Ng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Synthesis and trypanocidal activity of novel 2,4,5-triaryl-N-hydroxylimidazole derivatives. Molecules 2013; 18:3445-57. [PMID: 23503118 PMCID: PMC6269799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18033445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the design, synthesis and trypanocidal activity of some novel trisubstituted imidazole derivatives. These heterocyclic derivatives were structurally planned by exploring the concept of molecular hybridisation between two arylhydrazones derived from megazol, which has potent trypanocidal activity. The trypanocidal activity of these triarylimidazole derivatives was evaluated against infective trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi and the derivative 2'-(4-bromophenyl)-1-methyl-5'-phenyl-1H,3'H-2,4'-biimidazol-3'-ol showed moderate biological activity (IC50 = 23.9 µM) when compared to benznidazole, a standard trypanocidal drug. These compounds did not present cytotoxic effects at concentrations near the trypanocidal IC50, being considered a good starting point for the development of new anti-Chagas drug candidates.
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Halimehjani AZ, Ashouri A, Marjani K. Dithiocarbamates as an Efficient Intermediate for the Synthesis of Symmetrical Substituted 2,5-Diamino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles in Water. J Heterocycl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Akram Ashouri
- Faculty of Chemistry; Tarbiat Moallem University; Tehran; 11365; Iran
| | - Katayoun Marjani
- Faculty of Chemistry; Tarbiat Moallem University; Tehran; 11365; Iran
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dos Santos Filho JM, Moreira DRM, de Simone CA, Ferreira RS, McKerrow JH, Meira CS, Guimarães ET, Soares MBP. Optimization of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi oxadiazoles leads to identification of compounds with efficacy in infected mice. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6423-33. [PMID: 23006639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We recently showed that oxadiazoles have anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity at micromolar concentrations. These compounds are easy to synthesize and show a number of clear and interpretable structure-activity relationships (SAR), features that make them attractive to pursue potency enhancement. We present here the structural design, synthesis, and anti-T. cruzi evaluation of new oxadiazoles denoted 5a-h and 6a-h. The design of these compounds was based on a previous model of computational docking of oxadiazoles on the T. cruzi protease cruzain. We tested the ability of these compounds to inhibit catalytic activity of cruzain, but we found no correlation between the enzyme inhibition and the antiparasitic activity of the compounds. However, we found reliable SAR data when we tested these compounds against the whole parasite. While none of these oxadiazoles showed toxicity for mammalian cells, oxadiazoles 6c (fluorine), 6d (chlorine), and 6e (bromine) reduced epimastigote proliferation and were cidal for trypomastigotes of T. cruzi Y strain. Oxadiazoles 6c and 6d have IC(50) of 9.5 ± 2.8 and 3.5 ± 1.8 μM for trypomastigotes, while Benznidazole, which is the currently used drug for Chagas disease treatment, showed an IC(50) of 11.3 ± 2.8 μM. Compounds 6c and 6d impair trypomastigote development and invasion in macrophages, and also induce ultrastructural alterations in trypomastigotes. Finally, compound 6d given orally at 50mg/kg substantially reduces the parasitemia in T. cruzi-infected BALB/c mice. Our drug design resulted in potency enhancement of oxadiazoles as anti-Chagas disease agents, and culminated with the identification of oxadiazole 6d, a trypanosomicidal compound in an animal model of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Maurício dos Santos Filho
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, CEP 50740-521, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Ramiz MM, Abdel-Rahman AA. Antimicrobial Activity of Newly Synthesized 2,5-Disubstituted 1,3,4-Thiadiaozle Derivatives. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.12.4227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Amine MS, Mahmoud AA, Badr SK, Gouda AS. Fatty Acids in Heterocyclic Synthesis Part XII: Synthesis of Surfactants from Pyrazole, Isoxazole, Pyrimidine and Triazine, Incorporating the 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Moiety Having Dyeing and Antimicrobial Activities. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-011-1301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chumakov YM, Tsapkov VI, Antosyak BY, Gulya AP, Palomares-Sanches SA. Crystal structure of 5-methyl-N-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-amine. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476611040317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Soeiro MDNC, de Castro SL. Screening of Potential anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Candidates: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2011; 5:21-30. [PMID: 21629508 PMCID: PMC3103897 DOI: 10.2174/1874104501105010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), caused by the intracellular protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a parasitic illness endemic in Latin America. In the centennial after CD discovery by Carlos Chagas (1909), although it still represents an important public health problem in these affected areas, the existing chemotherapy, based on benznidazole and nifurtimox (both introduced more than four decades ago), is far from being considered ideal due to substantial toxicity, variable effect on different parasite stocks and well-known poor activity on the chronic phase. CD is considered one of the major "neglected" diseases of the world, as commercial incentives are very limited to guarantee investments for developing and discovering novel drugs. In this context, our group has been pursuing, over the last years, the efficacy, selectivity, toxicity, cellular targets and mechanisms of action of new potential anti-T. cruzi candidates screened from an in-house compound library of different research groups in the area of medicinal chemistry. A brief review regarding these studies will be discussed, mainly related to the effect on T. cruzi of (i) diamidines and related compounds, (ii) natural naphthoquinone derivatives, and (iii) megazol derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Solange Lisboa de Castro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
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Urbina JA. Specific chemotherapy of Chagas disease: relevance, current limitations and new approaches. Acta Trop 2010; 115:55-68. [PMID: 19900395 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A critical review of the development of specific chemotherapeutic approaches for the management of American Trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease is presented, including controversies on the pathogenesis of the disease, the initial efforts that led to the development of currently available drugs (nifurtimox and benznidazole), limitations of these therapies and novel approaches for the development of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi drugs, based on our growing understanding of the biology of this parasite. Among the later, the most promising approaches are ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors such as posaconazole and ravuconazole, poised to enter clinical trials for chronic Chagas disease in the short term; inhibitors of cruzipain, the main cysteine protease of T. cruzi, essential for its survival and proliferation in vitro and in vivo; bisphosphonates, metabolic stable pyrophosphate analogs that have trypanocidal activity through the inhibition of the parasite's farnesyl-pyrophosphate synthase or hexokinase; inhibitors of trypanothione synthesis and redox metabolism and inhibitors of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase, an essential enzyme for purine salvage in T. cruzi and related organisms. Finally, the economic and political challenges faced by development of drugs for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases, which afflict almost exclusively poor populations in developing countries, are analyzed and recent potential solutions for this conundrum are discussed.
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In vitro and in vivo activities of 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-arylhydrazone derivatives of megazol against Trypanosoma cruzi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:2023-31. [PMID: 20231395 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01241-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
From a series of 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-arylhydrazone derivatives of megazol screened in vitro against Trypanosoma cruzi, eight (S1 to S8) were selected for in vivo screening by single-dose oral administration (200 mg/kg of body weight) to infected mice at 5 days postinfection (dpi). Based on significant decreases in both parasitemia levels and mortality rates, S2 and S3 were selected for further assays. Despite having no in vivo effect, S1 was included since it was 2-fold more potent against trypomastigotes than megazol in vitro. Trypomastigotes treated with S1, S2, or S3 showed alterations of the flagellar structure and of the nuclear envelope. When assayed on intracellular amastigotes, the selectivity index (SI) for macrophages was in the range of >27 to >63 and for cardiac cells was >32 for S1 and >48 for megazol. In noninfected mice, S1 did not alter the levels of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), or urea. S2 led to an increase in GOT, S3 to increases in GOT and GPT, and megazol to an increase in GOT. Infected mice were treated with each derivative at 50 and 100 mg/kg from dpi 6 to 15: S1 did not interfere with the course of infection or reduce the number of inflammatory foci in the cardiac tissue, S2 led to a significant decrease of parasitemia, and S3 decreased mortality. There was no direct correlation between the in vitro effect on trypomastigotes and amastigotes and the results of the treatment in experimental models, as S1 showed a high potency in vitro while, in two different schemes of in vivo treatment, no decrease of parasitemia or mortality was observed.
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Carvalho SA, de Feitosa LO, da Silva EF, Tiekink ERT, Wardell JL, Wardell SMSV. 5-(3-Nitro-benz-yl)-1,3,4-thia-diazol-2-amine. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o3200-1. [PMID: 21578910 PMCID: PMC2971864 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809049654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title molecule, C9H8N4O2S, the dihedral angle between the thiadiazole and benzene rings is 73.92 (8)° and the thiadiazole group S atom is orientated towards the benzene ring, the central S—C—C—C torsion angle being 45.44 (18)°. In the crystal, supramolecular tapes mediated by N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds and comprising alternating eight-membered {⋯HNCN}2 and 10-membered {⋯HNH⋯NN}2 synthons are formed along [010]. The tapes are consolidated into a three-dimensional network by a combination of C—H⋯O, C—H⋯S and C—H⋯π interactions
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dos Santos Filho JM, Leite ACL, de Oliveira BG, Moreira DRM, Lima MS, Soares MBP, Leite LFCC. Design, synthesis and cruzain docking of 3-(4-substituted-aryl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-N-acylhydrazones as anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:6682-91. [PMID: 19683450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Research in recent years has demonstrated that the Trypanosoma cruzi cysteine protease cruzain (TCC) is a valid chemotherapeutic target, since inhibitors of this protease affect the pathology appropriately. By exploring the N-acylhydrazones (NAH) as privileged structures usually present in antiparasitic agents, we investigated a library of 16 NAH bearing the 3-(4-substituted-aryl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole scaffold (NAH 3a-h, 4a-h). The in vitro bioactivity against epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi was evaluated, and some NAH under study exhibited antitrypanosomal activity at concentrations that are not toxic to mammalian cells. The series of compounds based on the 3-(4-substituted-aryl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole scaffold revealed the remarkable importance of each substituent at the phenyl's 4-position for the inhibitory activity. Non-nitrated compounds 3a and 4e were found to be as potent as the reference drug, Benznidazole. In addition, the molecular origin of the antitrypanosomal properties for these series was investigated using docking studies of the TCC structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Mauricio dos Santos Filho
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Prof. Artur Sá S/N, Cidade Universitária, 50740-521 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Cavalli A, Bolognesi ML. Neglected Tropical Diseases: Multi-Target-Directed Ligands in the Search for Novel Lead Candidates against Trypanosoma and Leishmania. J Med Chem 2009; 52:7339-59. [DOI: 10.1021/jm9004835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cavalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bolognesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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