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Tian X, Yang N, Sun M, Li Y, Wang W. Preparation, physicochemical, and antibacterial properties of bovine serum albumin microspheres loaded with sodium nitrite. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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2
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Chen Z, Pascal S, Daurat M, Lichon L, Nguyen C, Godefroy A, Durand D, Ali LMA, Bettache N, Gary-Bobo M, Arnoux P, Longevial JF, D'Aléo A, Marchand G, Jacquemin D, Siri O. Modified Indulines: From Dyestuffs to In Vivo Theranostic Agents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30337-30349. [PMID: 34159778 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The efficient, versatile, and straightforward synthesis of the first N-alkyl analogues of induline 3B (8a and 8b) is reported. Thanks to the introduction of lipophilic substituents and their attractive photophysical properties (far-red emission and production of singlet oxygen), phenazinium 8b can be used as a theranostic agent and shows, at very low concentrations (100 nM), a remarkable ability to (i) image cells and zebrafish embryos with high quality under both mono- (514 nm) and biphotonic (790 and 810 nm) excitations, (ii) efficiently and quickly penetrate cancer cells rather than healthy fibroblasts, and (iii) induce a total or almost total cancer cell death in vitro and in vivo after illumination (λexc = 540-560 nm). The molecular structure of 8b is based on a triamino-phenazinium core only, with no need for additional components, highlighting the emergence of a minimalistic and versatile class of fluorescent probes for targeted photodynamic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongrui Chen
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM, UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Simon Pascal
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM, UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Morgane Daurat
- Faculté de Pharmacie, NanoMedSyn, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier, Cedex 5 France
| | - Laure Lichon
- Université Montpellier, CNRS, IBMM, UMR 5247, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Nguyen
- Université Montpellier, CNRS, IBMM, UMR 5247, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Anastasia Godefroy
- Faculté de Pharmacie, NanoMedSyn, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier, Cedex 5 France
| | - Denis Durand
- Université Montpellier, CNRS, IBMM, UMR 5247, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Lamiaa M A Ali
- Université Montpellier, CNRS, IBMM, UMR 5247, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France
- Department of Biochemistry Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, 21561 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nadir Bettache
- Université Montpellier, CNRS, IBMM, UMR 5247, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Magali Gary-Bobo
- Université Montpellier, CNRS, IBMM, UMR 5247, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Arnoux
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, UMR 7274, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Jean-François Longevial
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM, UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Anthony D'Aléo
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM, UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Gabriel Marchand
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Olivier Siri
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM, UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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3
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Longevial JF, Chen Z, Pascal S, Canard G, Jacquemin D, Siri O. Stabilization of a 12-π electrons diamino-benzoquinonediimine tautomer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:548-551. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06815b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We explore tautomerism and its consequences in the first example of diamino-benzoquinonediimine bearing both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups on the same 6-π electron subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Longevial
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS UMR 7325 Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM)
- 13288 Marseille cedex 09
- France
| | - Zhongrui Chen
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS UMR 7325 Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM)
- 13288 Marseille cedex 09
- France
| | - Simon Pascal
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS UMR 7325 Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM)
- 13288 Marseille cedex 09
- France
| | - Gabriel Canard
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS UMR 7325 Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM)
- 13288 Marseille cedex 09
- France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire CEISAM – UMR CNRS 6230
- Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes
- France
| | - Olivier Siri
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS UMR 7325 Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM)
- 13288 Marseille cedex 09
- France
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Badour AR, Arnett-Butscher CJ, Mohanty DK, Squattrito PJ, Lambright KJ, Kirschbaum K. Models for potential dendritic nitric oxide donors: crystal structures of two 2-nitroanilino precursors and nitric oxide-release behavior of the nitrosated derivatives. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2018; 74:1038-1044. [PMID: 30191896 PMCID: PMC6128391 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229618011737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Two molecular precursors to dendrimeric materials that could serve as slow and sustained NO-releasing therapeutic agents have been synthesized and characterized. N1,N4-Bis(2-nitrophenyl)butane-1,4-diamine, C16H18N4O4, (I), crystallizes in a lattice with equal populations of two molecules of different conformations, both of which possess inversion symmetry through the central C-C bond. One molecule has exclusively anti conformations along the butyl chain, while the other has a gauche conformation of the substituents on the first C-C bond. N2,N2-Bis[2-(2-nitroanilino)ethyl]-N1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethane-1,2-diamine, C24H27N7O6, (II), crystallizes with one unique molecule in the asymmetric unit. Neighboring pairs of molecules are linked into dimers via N-H...O amine-nitro hydrogen bonds. The dimers are assembled into layers that stack in an A-B-A-B sequence such that the repeat distance in the stacking direction is over 46 Å. Molecular NO-release agents N1,N4-bis(2-nitrophenyl)-N1,N4-dinitrosobutane-1,4-diamine, C16H16N6O6, (III), and N1-(2-nitrophenyl)-N2,N2-bis{2-[(2-nitrophenyl)(nitroso)amino]ethyl}-N1-nitrosoethane-1,2-diamine, C24H24N10O9, (IV), were prepared via treatment of (I) and (II), respectively, with NaNO2 and acetic acid. The release of NO from solid-phase samples of (III) and (IV) suspended in phosphate buffer was monitored spectroscopically over a period of 21 days. Although (IV) released a greater amount of NO, as expected due to it having three NO moieties for every two in (III), the (IV):(III) ratio of the rate and extent of NO release was significantly less than 1.5:1, suggesting that some combination of electronic, chemical, and/or steric factors may be affecting the release process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec R. Badour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - Corey J. Arnett-Butscher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - Dillip K. Mohanty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - Philip J. Squattrito
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - Kelly J. Lambright
- College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Kristin Kirschbaum
- College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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Ji Y, Bowersock A, Badour AR, Vij N, Juris SJ, Ash DE, Mohanty DK. Dichotomous effects of isomeric secondary amines containing an aromatic nitrile and nitro group on human aortic smooth muscle cells via inhibition of cystathionine-γ-lyase. Biochimie 2016; 133:103-111. [PMID: 28034716 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) is an important contributor to the progression of atherosclerosis. Inhibition of proliferation can be achieved by endogenously produced and exogenously supplied nitrogen monoxide, commonly known as nitric oxide (NO). We report herein the dichotomous effects of two isomeric families of secondary amines, precursors to the N-nitrosated NO-donors, on HASMC proliferation. The syntheses of these two families were carried out using two equivalents of homologous, aliphatic monoamines and 2,6-difluoro-3-nitrobenzonitrile (2,6-DFNBN, O family) or 2,4-difluoro-5-nitrobenzonitrile (2,4-DFNBN, P family). The secondary amines belonging to the P family inhibited HASMC proliferation at all concentrations, whereas the O family induced HASMC proliferation at low concentrations, and exhibited inhibitory properties at high concentrations. A probable explanation of these behaviors is proposed herein. l-homocysteine (HCY) is known to induce HASMC proliferation at low concentrations (<1 mM) and inhibit HASMC proliferation at higher concentrations (>2.5 mM). Our findings suggest that these two families of amines inhibit cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) to varying extents, which directly results in altered levels of intracellular HCY and consequent changes in HASMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Ji
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Austin Bowersock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Alec R Badour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Neeraj Vij
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Stephen J Juris
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - David E Ash
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Dillip K Mohanty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
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6
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Badour AR, Wisniewski JA, Mohanty DK, Squattrito PJ. Two N-(2-phenylethyl)nitroaniline derivatives as precursors for slow and sustained nitric oxide release agents. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2016; 72:405-10. [PMID: 27146569 PMCID: PMC4857159 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229616005763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Notwithstanding its simple structure, the chemistry of nitric oxide (NO) is complex. As a radical, NO is highly reactive. NO also has profound effects on the cardiovascular system. In order to regulate NO levels, direct therapeutic interventions include the development of numerous NO donors. Most of these donors release NO in a single high-concentration burst, which is deleterious. N-Nitrosated secondary amines release NO in a slow, sustained, and rate-tunable manner. Two new precursors to sustained NO-releasing materials have been characterized. N-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2,4-dinitroaniline, C16H17N3O6, (I), crystallizes with one independent molecule in the asymmetric unit. The adjacent amine and nitro groups form an intramolecular N-H...O hydrogen bond. The anti conformation about the phenylethyl-to-aniline C-N bond leads to the planes of the arene and aniline rings being approximately perpendicular. Molecules are linked into dimers by weak intermolecular N-H...O hydrogen bonds such that each amine H atom participates in a three-center interaction with two nitro O atoms. The dimers pack so that the arene rings of adjacent molecules are not parallel and π-π interactions do not appear to be favored. N-(4-Methylsulfonyl-2-nitrophenyl)-L-phenylalanine, C16H16N2O6S, (II), with an optically active center, also crystallizes with one unique molecule in the asymmetric unit. The L enantiomer was established via the configuration of the starting material and was confirmed by refinement of the Flack parameter. As in (I), there is an intramolecular N-H...O hydrogen bond between adjacent amine and nitro groups. The conformation of the molecule is such that the arene rings display a dihedral angle of ca 60°. Unlike (I), molecules are not linked via intermolecular N-H...O hydrogen bonds. Rather, the carboxylic acid H atom forms a classic, approximately linear, O-H...O hydrogen bond with a sulfone O atom. Pairs of molecules related by twofold rotation axes are linked into dimers by two such interactions. The packing pattern features a zigzag arrangement of the arene rings without apparent π-π interactions. These structures are compared with reported analogues, revealing significant differences in molecular conformation, intermolecular interactions, and packing that result from modest changes in functional groups. The structures are discussed in terms of potential NO-release capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec R. Badour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - John A. Wisniewski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - Dillip K. Mohanty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - Philip J. Squattrito
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
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7
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Goszczyńska A, Kwiecień H, Fijałkowski K. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of Schiff bases and amines derived from alkyl 2-(2-formyl-4-nitrophenoxy)alkanoates. Med Chem Res 2015. [PMID: 26213456 PMCID: PMC4513202 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel Schiff bases and secondary amines were obtained in good yields, as a result of the reductive amination of alkyl 2-(2-formyl-4-nitrophenoxy)alkanoates with both aniline and 4-methoxyaniline under established mild reaction conditions. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride as well as hydrogen in the presence of palladium on carbon were used as efficient reducing agents of the Schiff bases, in both direct and stepwise reductive amination processes. The Schiff bases, amines, and amine hydrochlorides were designed as potential antibacterial agents, and structure-activity relationship could be established following in vitro assays against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The minimal inhibitory concentration and zone of inhibition were also determined. In these tests, some of Schiff bases and secondary amine hydrochlorides showed moderate-to-good activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including S. aureus, M. luteus, and S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Goszczyńska
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Drug Technology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Al. Piastów 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Halina Kwiecień
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Drug Technology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Al. Piastów 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karol Fijałkowski
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Physiological Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Al. Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland
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8
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Walczak C, Payne TJ, Wade CB, Yonkey M, Scheid M, Badour A, Mohanty DK. The Thermal Instability of 2,4 and 2,6- N-Alkylamino Disubstituted and 2- N-Alkylamino Substituted Nitrobenzenes in Weakly Alkaline Solution: sec-Amino Effect. J Heterocycl Chem 2015; 52:681-687. [PMID: 26097254 PMCID: PMC4469390 DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the preparation of two families of secondary amines by the reactions of two equivalents of monoamines with either 2,4 or 2,6-difluoronitrobenzenes in N,N-dimethylacetamide in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate, as precursors of biologically important nitric oxide donating N-nitrosamines. In both instances, these compounds could be prepared in quantitative yield when the reaction temperature was held below 130°C. Above this reaction temperature, an unexpected cyclization reaction between the nitro and newly formed adjacent secondary amine group leads to the formation of benzimidazole or quinoxaline rings in low yields. Reasonable reaction mechanisms for the cyclization reaction are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J. Payne
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI-48858, USA
| | - Colin B. Wade
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI-48858, USA
| | | | - Melissa Scheid
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI-48858, USA
| | - Alec Badour
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI-48858, USA
| | - Dillip K. Mohanty
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI-48858, USA
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Curtis BM, Leix KA, Ji Y, Glaves RSE, Ash DE, Mohanty DK. Slow and sustained nitric oxide releasing compounds inhibit multipotent vascular stem cell proliferation and differentiation without causing cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:208-12. [PMID: 24878532 PMCID: PMC4107195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of cerebral and myocardial infarction. It is believed that neointimal growth common in the later stages of atherosclerosis is a result of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) de-differentiation in response to endothelial injury. However, the claims of the SMC de-differentiation theory have not been substantiated by monitoring the fate of mature SMCs in response to such injuries. A recent study suggests that atherosclerosis is a consequence of multipotent vascular stem cell (MVSC) differentiation. Nitric oxide (NO) is a well-known mediator against atherosclerosis, in part because of its inhibitory effect on SMC proliferation. Using three different NO-donors, we have investigated the effects of NO on MVSC proliferation. Results indicate that NO inhibits MVSC proliferation in a concentration dependent manner. A slow and sustained delivery of NO proved to inhibit proliferation without causing cell death. On the other hand, larger, single-burst NO concentrations, inhibits proliferation, with concurrent significant cell death. Furthermore, our results indicate that endogenously produced NO inhibits MVSC differentiation to mesenchymal-like stem cells (MSCs) and subsequently to SMC as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Curtis
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Kyle Alexander Leix
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Yajing Ji
- Department of Biomedical Science and Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - David E Ash
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Dillip K Mohanty
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
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Wade CB, Mohanty DK, Squattrito PJ, Amato NJ, Kirschbaum K. A series of N-(2-phenylethyl)nitroaniline derivatives as precursors for slow and sustained nitric oxide release agents. Acta Crystallogr C 2013; 69:1383-9. [PMID: 24192194 PMCID: PMC3818095 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270113025869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
2,4-Dinitro-N-(2-phenylethyl)aniline, C14H13N3O4, (I), crystallizes with one independent molecule in the asymmetric unit. The adjacent amine and nitro groups form an intramolecular N-H...O hydrogen bond. The anti conformation about the ethyl C-C bond leads to the phenyl and aniline rings being essentially parallel. Molecules are linked into dimers by intermolecular N-H...O hydrogen bonds, such that each amine H atom participates in a three-centre interaction with two nitro O atoms. Though the dimers pack so that the arene rings of adjacent molecules are parallel, the rings are staggered and π-π interactions do not appear to be favoured. 4,6-Dinitro-N,N'-bis(2-phenylethyl)benzene-1,3-diamine, C22H22N4O4, (II), differs from (I) in the presence of a second 2-phenylethylamine group on the substituted ring. Compound (II) also crystallizes with one unique molecule in the asymmetric unit. Both amine groups are involved in intramolecular N-H...O hydrogen bonds with adjacent nitro groups. Although one ethyl group adopts an anti conformation as in (I), the other is gauche, with the result that the pendant phenyl rings are not parallel. The amine group that is part of the gauche conformation participates in a three-centre N-H...O hydrogen bond with the nitro group of a neighbouring molecule, leading to dimers as in (I). The other amine H atom does not form any intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The packing leads to separations of ca 3.4 Å of the parallel anti phenyl and aminobenzene rings. 2-Cyano-4-nitro-N-(2-phenylethyl)aniline, C15H13N3O2, (III), differs from (I) only in having a cyano group in place of the 2-nitro group. The absence of the adjacent nitro group eliminates the intramolecular N-H...O hydrogen bond. Molecules of (III) adopt the same anti conformation about the ethyl group as in (I), but crystallize in the higher-symmetry monoclinic space group P21/n. The molecules are linked into dimers via N-H...N amine-cyano hydrogen bonds, while the nitro groups are not involved in any N-H...O interactions. Owing to the different symmetry, the molecules pack in a herringbone pattern with fewer face-to-face interactions between the rings. The closest such interactions are about 3.5 Å between rings that are largely slipped past one another. 4-Methylsulfonyl-2-nitro-N-(2-phenylethyl)aniline, C15H16N2O4S, (IV), differs from (I) in having a methylsulfonyl group in place of the 4-nitro group. The intramolecular N-H...O hydrogen bond is present as in (I). However, unlike (I), the conformation about the ethyl group is gauche, so the two arene rings are nearly perpendicular rather than parallel. The packing is significantly different from the other three structures in that there are no intermolecular hydrogen bonds involving the N-H groups. The molecules are arranged in tetragonal columns running along the c axis, with the aniline rings mostly parallel and separated by ca 3.7 Å. Taken together, these structures demonstrate that modest changes in functional groups cause significant differences in molecular conformation, intermolecular interactions and packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin B. Wade
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Dillip K. Mohanty
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Philip J. Squattrito
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Amato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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