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Suppression of Ribose-5-Phosphate Isomerase a Induces ROS to Activate Autophagy, Apoptosis, and Cellular Senescence in Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147883. [PMID: 35887232 PMCID: PMC9322731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase A (RPIA) regulates tumorigenesis in liver and colorectal cancer. However, the role of RPIA in lung cancer remains obscure. Here we report that the suppression of RPIA diminishes cellular proliferation and activates autophagy, apoptosis, and cellular senescence in lung cancer cells. First, we detected that RPIA protein was increased in the human lung cancer versus adjust normal tissue via tissue array. Next, the knockdown of RPIA in lung cancer cells displayed autophagic vacuoles, enhanced acridine orange staining, GFP-LC3 punctae, accumulated autophagosomes, and showed elevated levels of LC3-II and reduced levels of p62, together suggesting that the suppression of RPIA stimulates autophagy in lung cancer cells. In addition, decreased RPIA expression induced apoptosis by increasing levels of Bax, cleaved PARP and caspase-3 and apoptotic cells. Moreover, RPIA knockdown triggered cellular senescence and increased p53 and p21 levels in lung cancer cells. Importantly, RPIA knockdown elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Treatment of ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) reverts the activation of autophagy, apoptosis and cellular senescence by RPIA knockdown in lung cancer cells. In conclusion, RPIA knockdown induces ROS levels to activate autophagy, apoptosis, and cellular senescence in lung cancer cells. Our study sheds new light on RPIA suppression in lung cancer therapy.
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2
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Malik MS, Alsantali RI, Jassas RS, Alsimaree AA, Syed R, Alsharif MA, Kalpana K, Morad M, Althagafi II, Ahmed SA. Journey of anthraquinones as anticancer agents - a systematic review of recent literature. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35806-35827. [PMID: 35492773 PMCID: PMC9043427 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05686g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthraquinones are privileged chemical scaffolds that have been used for centuries in various therapeutic applications. The anthraquinone moiety forms the core of various anticancer agents. However, the emergence of drug-resistant cancers warrants the development of new anticancer agents. The research endeavours towards new anthraquinone-based compounds are increasing rapidly in recent years. They are used as a core chemical template to achieve structural modifications, resulting in the development of new anthraquinone-based compounds as promising anticancer agents. Mechanistically, most of the anthraquinone-based compounds inhibit cancer progression by targeting essential cellular proteins. Herein, we review new anthraquinone analogues that have been developed in recent years as anticancer agents. This includes a systematic review of the recent literature (2005-2021) on anthraquinone-based compounds in cell-based models and key target proteins such as kinases, topoisomerases, telomerases, matrix metalloproteinases and G-quadruplexes involved in the viability of cancer cells. In addition to this, the developments in PEG-based delivery of anthraquinones and the toxicity aspects of anthraquinone derivatives are also discussed. The review dispenses a compact background knowledge to understanding anthraquinones for future research on the expansion of anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shaheer Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem I Alsantali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University P. O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabab S Jassas
- Department of Chemistry, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alsimaree
- Department of Basic Science (Chemistry), College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University Afif Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyaz Syed
- Centalla Discovery, JHUB, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad Kukatpally Hyderabad 500085 India
| | - Meshari A Alsharif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Kulkarni Kalpana
- Department of Humanities and Sciences (Chemistry), Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology Bachupally Hyderabad 500090 India
| | - Moataz Morad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail I Althagafi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University 71516 Assiut Egypt
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Othman DI, Selim KB, El-Sayed MAA, Tantawy AS, Amen Y, Shimizu K, Okauchi T, Kitamura M. Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of New Substituted Thiophene-Quinoline Derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:115026. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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4
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Bertalovitz AC, Badhey MLO, McDonald TV. Synonymous nucleotide modification of the KCNH2 gene affects both mRNA characteristics and translation of the encoded hERG ion channel. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12120-12136. [PMID: 29907571 PMCID: PMC6078446 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Synonymous nucleotide variation is increasingly recognized as a factor than can affect protein expression, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we investigated whether synonymous changes could affect expression of the potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2) gene, encoding the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) ion channel, which is linked to hereditary cardiac arrhythmia. We examined a previously described synthetic version (hERG-codon modified (CM)) with synonymous substitutions designed to reduce GC content, rare codons, and mRNA secondary structure relative to the native construct (hERG-NT). hERG-CM exhibited lower protein expression than hERG-NT in HEK293T cells. We found that the steady-state abundance of hERG-NT mRNA was greater than hERG-CM because of an enhanced transcription rate and increased mRNA stability for hERG-NT. Translation of hERG-CM was independently reduced, contributing to the overall greater synthesis of hERG-NT channel protein. This was partially offset, however, by a higher aggregation of a newly synthesized hERG-NT channel, resulting in nonfunctional protein. Regional mRNA analyses of chimeras of hERG-NT and hERG-CM revealed that synonymous changes in the 5' segments of the coding region had the greatest influence on hERG synthesis at both the mRNA and protein levels. Taken together, these results indicate that synonymous nucleotide variations within the coding region, particularly in the 5' region of the hERG mRNA, can affect both transcription and translation. These findings support the notion that greater attention should be given to the effects of synonymous genetic variation when analyzing hERG DNA sequences in the study of hereditary cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Bertalovitz
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Marika L Osterbur Badhey
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Thomas V McDonald
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612.
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5
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Zhu L, Wang W, Miao J, Yin X, Hu X, Yuan Y. Synthesis, NMR and computational studies on tautomerism of dichloroacetate of hydroxyanthraquinone. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
In the title compound, C11H10O3, the prop-2-yn-1-yl group is inclined to the benzene ring by 69 (7)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by a pair of C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with anR22(12) ring motif. The dimers are linked by a second C—H...O hydrogen bond, forming sheets parallel to the (102) plane. The sheets stack along thec-axis direction with a separation ofca3.4 Å.
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7
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Pham Thi T, Le Nhat TG, Ngo Hanh T, Luc Quang T, Pham The C, Dang Thi TA, Nguyen HT, Nguyen TH, Hoang Thi P, Van Nguyen T. Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of novel indenoisoquinoline-substituted triazole hybrids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3652-7. [PMID: 27342752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of various substituted triazole-indenoisoquinoline hybrids was performed based on a CuI-catalyzed 1,3-cycloaddition between propargyl-substituted derivatives and the azide-containing indenoisoquinoline. Besides, a variety of N-(alkyl)propargylindenoisoquinolines was used as substrates for the construction of triazole-indenoisoquinoline-AZT conjugated via a click chemistry-mediated coupling with 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT). Thus, twenty three new indenoisoquinoline-substituted triazole hybrids were successfully prepared and evaluated as cytotoxic agents, revealing an interesting anticancer activity of four triazole linker-indenoisoquinoline-AZT hybrids in KB and HepG2 cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tham Pham Thi
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam; Thuyloi University, 175, Tay Son, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Giang Le Nhat
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuong Ngo Hanh
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tan Luc Quang
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam; Hanoi Pedagogical University No. 2, Vietnam
| | - Chinh Pham The
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam; Thainguyen University of Science, Tanthinh, Thainguyen, Vietnam
| | - Tuyet Anh Dang Thi
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha Thanh Nguyen
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thu Ha Nguyen
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Hoang Thi
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tuyen Van Nguyen
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Design and synthesis of C3-tethered 1,2,3-triazolo-β-carboline derivatives: Anticancer activity, DNA-binding ability, viscosity and molecular modeling studies. Bioorg Chem 2016; 64:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wang J, Liu L, Cen J, Ji B. BME, a novel compound of anthraquinone, down regulated P-glycoprotein expression in doxorubicin-resistant human myelogenous leukemia (K562/DOX) cells via generation of reactive oxygen species. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 239:139-45. [PMID: 26169035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumor cells is still a main obstacle for the chemotherapeutic treatment of cancers. Thus, development of effective MDR reversing agents is an important approach in the clinic. The present study revealed that BME, a novel compound of anthraquinone, elevated intracellular accumulation of the P-gp substrates and reduced concentration resulting in 50% inhibition of cell growth (IC50) values for doxorubicin (DOX) in doxorubicin-resistant human myelogenous leukemia (K562/DOX) cells. Further more, BME was also reported to down regulated P-gp expression accompanying with generation of nontoxic low level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 as well as c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK). However, treatment with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), U0216 and SP600125 almost abolished actions of the BME mentioned above. These results indicated that the effect of the BME on the P-gp may be involved in generation of nontoxic low level of iROS and activation of ERK1/2 or JNK, which suggested valuable clues to screen and develop P-gp reversing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Juan Cen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Biansheng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China.
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Murugavel S, Madhanraj R, Prasanna Kumar DKA, Nagarajan S, Ponnuswamy A. Experimental and Theoretical Studies of 4-(1-benzyl-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrimidin-2-amine: A Potential Antibacterial Agent. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201500010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Li X, Gao L, Zheng L, Kou J, Zhu X, Jiang Y, Zhong Z, Dan J, Xu H, Yang Y, Li H, Shi S, Cao W, Zhao Y, Tian Y, Yang L. The efficacy and mechanism of apoptosis induction by hypericin-mediated sonodynamic therapy in THP-1 macrophages. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:821-38. [PMID: 25653524 PMCID: PMC4309797 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s75398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the sonoactivity of hypericin (HY), together with its sonodynamic effect on THP-1 macrophages and the underlying mechanism. Materials and methods CCK-8 was used to examine cell viability. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was performed to assess the localization of HY in cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) after different treatments. Apoptosis was analyzed using Hoechst–propidium iodide and transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) collapse was detected via fluorescence microscopy. Lipoprotein oxidation was determined in malondialdehyde (MDA) assays. Western blotting was conducted to determine the translocation of BAX and cytochrome C and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Results HY was sublocalized among the nuclei and the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosome in the cytosol of THP-1 macrophages. Under low-intensity ultrasound irradiation, HY significantly decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, greater ROS generation, higher MDA levels, and greater ΔΨm loss were observed in the sonodynamic therapy (SDT) group. Both ROS generation and MDA levels were significantly reduced by the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and the singlet oxygen scavenger sodium azide. Most of the loss of ΔΨm was inhibited by pretreatment with NAC, sodium azide, and the mPTP inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA). mPTP opening was induced upon SDT but was reduced by pretreatment with bongkrekic acid, 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid disodium, CsA, and NAC. Western blot analyses revealed translocation of BAX and cytochrome C, downregulated expression of Bcl-2, and upregulated expression of cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in the SDT group, which were reversed by NAC. Conclusion HY mediated SDT-induced apoptosis in THP-1 macrophages via ROS generation. Then, the proapoptotic factor BAX translocated from the cytosol to the mitochondria, increasing the ratio of BAX/Bcl-2, and the mPTP opened to release cytochrome C. This study demonstrated the great potential of HY-mediated SDT for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Gao
- Electron Microscopy Centre, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Longbin Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayuan Kou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqing Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyu Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Juhua Dan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Haobo Xu
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Sa Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwu Cao
- Laboratory of Sono- and Photo-theranostic Technologies, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China ; Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China ; Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Khaybullin RN, Zhang M, Fu J, Liang X, Li T, Katritzky AR, Okunieff P, Qi X. Design and synthesis of isosteviol triazole conjugates for cancer therapy. Molecules 2014; 19:18676-89. [PMID: 25405286 PMCID: PMC5753759 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191118676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the keys for successfully developing drugs against the broad spectrum of cancer cell types is structural diversity. In the current study, we focused on a family of isosteviol derivatives as potential novel antitumor agents. Isosteviol is a tetracyclic diterpenoid obtained by acid hydrolysis of steviol glycoside extracts isolated from abundant Stevia rebaudiana plants. In this work, we have designed and synthesized a panel of isosteviol triazole conjugates using "click" chemistry methodology. Evaluation of these compounds against a series of cancer cell lines derived from primary and metastatic tumors demonstrated that these conjugates exhibit cytotoxic activities with IC50 in the low μM range. In addition, their anti-proliferative activities are cancer cell type specific. Taken together, our studies underscore the importance of structural diversity in achieving cancer cell type specific drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravil N Khaybullin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Junjie Fu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Tammy Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Alan R Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Paul Okunieff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Chen J, Wang W, Wang H, Liu X, Guo X. Combination treatment of ligustrazine piperazine derivate DLJ14 and adriamycin inhibits progression of resistant breast cancer through inhibition of the EGFR/PI3K/Akt survival pathway and induction of apoptosis. Drug Discov Ther 2014; 8:33-41. [PMID: 24647156 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.8.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A ligustrazine (TMP) derivative, (E)-2-(2, 4-dimethoxystyryl)-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine (DLJ14) was synthesized for the improvement of low bioavailability and short half-life of ligustrazine. We have observed potential reversal effects of DLJ14 on adriamycin (Adr)-resistant human myelogenous leukemia cells (K562/A02) and Adr-resistant human breast cancer cells (MCF-7/A) in vitro or in vivo in previous studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of DLJ14 and Adr combination treatment on Adr-resistant human breast cancer. Inhibition of cancer cell growth was estimated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry and apoptosis determined using Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) double staining and Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining. The expression of proteins in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt survival pathway and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway were measured by Western blotting analysis. Results showed that DLJ14 and Adr combination treatment exhibited stronger inhibition of the survival of MCF-7/A cells than Adr treatment alone. This effect might be associated with its role in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. DLJ14 combined with Adr induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M-phase by activating p21(wafl /cip1) and p53 in mitochondria and increased cleavage of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) disruption and cytochrome c (Cytc) release from mitochondria to cytosol suggested that apoptosis induction might be mediated by the mitochondrial pathway. Moreover, the combination of DLJ14 and Adr could down-regulate the expression of EGFR, p-EGFR, PI3K, and p-Akt in MCF-7/A cells. Overall, DLJ14 and Adr combination treatment may inhibit proliferation of Adr-resistant human breast cancer cells through inhibition of the EGFR/PI3K/Akt survival pathway and induction of apoptosis via the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University
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14
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Fares M, Abou-Seri SM, Abdel-Aziz HA, Abbas SES, Youssef MM, Eladwy RA. Synthesis and antitumor activity of pyrido [2,3-d]pyrimidine and pyrido[2,3-d] [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine derivatives that induce apoptosis through G1 cell-cycle arrest. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 83:155-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Nagarajan S, Shanmugavelan P, Sathishkumar M, Selvi R, Ponnuswamy A, Harikrishnan H, Shanmugaiah V. An eco-friendly water mediated synthesis of 1,2,3-triazolyl-2-aminopyrimidine hybrids as highly potent anti-bacterial agents. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Adhikari A, Datta A, Adhikari M, Chauhan K, Chuttani K, Saw S, Shukla A, Mishra AK. Preclinical Evaluation of DO3A-Act-AQ: A Polyazamacrocyclic Monomeric Anthraquinone Derivative as a Theranostic Agent. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:445-56. [DOI: 10.1021/mp4004089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Adhikari
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Brig S K Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Kanya Gurukul Campus, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar-249404, India
| | - Anupama Datta
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Brig S K Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
| | - Manish Adhikari
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Brig S K Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
| | - Kanchan Chauhan
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Brig S K Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
| | - Krishna Chuttani
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Brig S K Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
| | - Sanjiv Saw
- Division of Clinical PET, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Brig S K Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
| | - Abha Shukla
- Department
of Chemistry, Kanya Gurukul Campus, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar-249404, India
| | - Anil K. Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Brig S K Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
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Shanmugavelan P, Sathishkumar M, Nagarajan S, Ponnuswamy A. An efficient and facile synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazolyl-N-acylpyrazoline hybrids. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pertino MW, Lopez C, Theoduloz C, Schmeda-Hirschmann G. 1,2,3-triazole-substituted oleanolic Acid derivatives: synthesis and antiproliferative activity. Molecules 2013; 18:7661-74. [PMID: 23884119 PMCID: PMC6270232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18077661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid compounds are relevant products when searching for structure-activity relationships of natural products. Starting from the naturally occurring triterpene oleanolic acid, alkyl esters were prepared and treated with different aromatic azides using click chemistry to produce hybrid compounds. Some 18 new oleanolic acid derivatives were synthesized and the structures were confirmed by spectroscopic and spectrometric means. The antiproliferative activity of the new derivatives was evaluated towards normal lung fibroblasts (MRC-5), gastric epithelial adenocarcinoma (AGS), promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60), lung cancer (SK-MES-1) and bladder carcinoma (J82) cells. The alkyne esters 1 and 3 showed activity on all cell lines but without selectivity (19.6-23.1 μM and 14.1-56.2 μM, respectively), their respective methyl esters were inactive. Compounds with a benzene and p-anisole attached to the triazole ring, showed no antiproliferative effect. Introduction of a chlorine atom into the benzene ring (compound 9) elicited a selective effect against AGS cells (IC50 value: 8.9 μM). The activity was lost when the COOH function at C-28 was methylated. Better antiproliferative effect was found for compounds 11 and 15 bearing a p-toluenesulphonyl group, with values in the range of 10.8-47.1 μM and 11.5-22.2 μM, respectively. The effect, however, was not associated with selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Walter Pertino
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Cecilia Lopez
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
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Zhou D, Wei A, Cao C, Ruan J. DICO, a novel nonaromatic B-ring flavonoid, induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 57:322-9. [PMID: 23567243 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
DICO was a novel nonaromatic B-ring flavonoid obtained from Macrothelypteris torresiana. In the present work, we investigated the antitumor activity and the antineoplastic mechanism of DICO. Our study showed that DICO inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells in dose and time-dependent manners. As well as DICO induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via a ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Western blot assay demonstrated that DICO decreased Bcl-2 level and induced Bax translocation to cause cytochrome c release. Subsequently, caspase-9 and caspase-3 were activated. Meanwhile, the alterations of cyclin A and B1, p-CDK1 and p-cdc25c levels were also observed in response to DICO treatment. Taken together, DICO displayed a significant antitumor effect through G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction, which suggested DICO might have therapeutic potential against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daonian Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100000, China
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Endale M, Ekberg A, Alao JP, Akala HM, Ndakala A, Sunnerhagen P, Erdélyi M, Yenesew A. Anthraquinones of the roots of Pentas micrantha. Molecules 2012; 18:311-21. [PMID: 23271468 PMCID: PMC6270246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18010311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentas micrantha is used in the East African indigenous medicine to treat malaria. In the first investigation of this plant, the crude methanol root extract showed moderate antiplasmodial activity against the W2- (3.37 μg/mL) and D6-strains (4.00 μg/mL) of Plasmodium falciparum and low cytotoxicity (>450 μg/mL, MCF-7 cell line). Chromatographic separation of the extract yielded nine anthraquinones, of which 5,6-dihydroxylucidin-11-O-methyl ether is new. Isolation of a munjistin derivative from the genus Pentas is reported here for the first time. The isolated constituents were identified by NMR and mass spectrometric techniques and showed low antiplasmodial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milkyas Endale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annabel Ekberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John Patrick Alao
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hoseah M. Akala
- United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, MRU 64109, APO, AE 09831, USA
| | - Albert Ndakala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Per Sunnerhagen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Máté Erdélyi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Swedish NMR Center, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 465, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: (M.E.); (A.Y.); Tel.: +46-31-786-9033 (M.E.); Tel.: +254-202-444-6138 (A.Y.)
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: (M.E.); (A.Y.); Tel.: +46-31-786-9033 (M.E.); Tel.: +254-202-444-6138 (A.Y.)
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A facile synthesis of 1,2,3-triazolyl indole hybrids via SbCl3-catalysed Michael addition of indoles to 1,2,3-triazolyl chalcones. J CHEM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-012-0281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Wei A, Zhou D, Xiong C, Cai Y, Ruan J. A novel non-aromatic B-ring flavonoid: isolation, structure elucidation and its induction of apoptosis in human colon HT-29 tumor cell via the reactive oxygen species-mitochondrial dysfunction and MAPK activation. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2445-52. [PMID: 21741427 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the chemical structure of a novel non-aromatic B-ring flavonoid (DHEC) isolated from Macrothelypteris viridifrons and to evaluate its putative molecular mechanism of action on induction of apoptosis in human colon HT-29 cancer cell. On the basis of MS, UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR data, DHEC was identified as 2-(cis-1, 2-dihydroxy-4-oxo-cyclohex-5-enyl)-5-hydroxy-7-ethoxy-chromone. In addition, the cytotoxicity of DHEC and its effect on induction of apoptosis were confirmed by several assays. After treatment of HT-29 cell with DHEC, we observed the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the alteration of expression of the Bcl-2 family members, the releasing of cytochrome c, the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9. Further analysis showed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) related proteins were stimulated by treatment with DHEC. These results suggest that DHEC exhibits potential anti-cancer activity in HT-29 cell through induction of apoptosis, which may highly be associated with reactive oxygen species-mitochondrial dysfunction as well as activation of MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anhua Wei
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation of Hubei Province, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Synthesis and anticancer activity of chalcone-pyrrolobenzodiazepine conjugates linked via 1,2,3-triazole ring side-armed with alkane spacers. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3820-31. [PMID: 21676506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to develop multitarget drugs for the anticancer treatment, a new class of chalcone-pyrrolo[2,1-c] [1,4]benzodiazepine (PBD) conjugates linked through a 1,2,3-triazole moiety containing alkane spacers has been designed and synthesized. Combining these two core pharmacophore structures with modifications at A-C8/C-C2-position of PBD ring system yielded analogs with improved efficacy and have shown promising in vitro anticancer activity ranging from <0.1-2.92 μM. These PBD-conjugates caused G1 cell cycle arrest with effect on G1 cell cycle regulatory proteins such as Cyclin D1 and Cdk4. These conjugates also exhibited inhibitory effect on NF-kB, Bcl-XL proteins that play a vital role in breast cancer cell proliferation. These findings suggest that one of the compound 4d among this series is most effective and has potential for detailed investigations.
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of estradiol linked pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine (PBD) conjugates as potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2565-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Im YS, Chung Y, Won DY, Kwon SH, Kim HR, Lee DG, Kim SR, Park KD, Lee HK, Choi JK. Apoptotic effect of Naphthoquinone derivatives on HCT116 colon cancer cells. Genes Genomics 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-010-0145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Biasutto L, Dong LF, Zoratti M, Neuzil J. Mitochondrially targeted anti-cancer agents. Mitochondrion 2010; 10:670-81. [PMID: 20601192 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2010] [Revised: 06/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is an ever-increasing problem that is yet to be harnessed. Frequent mutations make this pathology very variable and, consequently, a considerable challenge. Intriguingly, mitochondria have recently emerged as novel targets for cancer therapy. A group of agents with anti-cancer activity that induce apoptosis by way of mitochondrial destabilisation, termed mitocans, have been a recent focus of research. Of these compounds, many are hydrophobic agents that associate with various sub-cellular organelles. Clearly, modification of such structures with mitochondria-targeting moieties, for example tagging them with lipophilic cations, would be expected to enhance their activity. This may be accomplished by the addition of triphenylphosphonium groups that direct such compounds to mitochondria, enhancing their activity. In this paper, we will review agents that possess anti-cancer activity by way of destabilizing mitochondria and their possible targets. We propose that mitochondrial targeting, in particular where the agent associates directly with the target, results in more specific and efficient anti-cancer drugs of potential high clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience and Dept. of Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Liu Z, Liu M, Liu M, Li J. Methylanthraquinone from Hedyotis diffusa WILLD induces Ca2+-mediated apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:142-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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