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Kiganda I, Bogaerts J, Wieske LHE, Deyou T, Atilaw Y, Uwamariya C, Miah M, Said J, Ndakala A, Akala HM, Herrebout W, Trybala E, Bergström T, Yenesew A, Erdelyi M. Antiviral Rotenoids and Isoflavones Isolated from Millettia oblata ssp. teitensis. J Nat Prod 2024. [PMID: 38579352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Three new (1-3) and six known rotenoids (5-10), along with three known isoflavones (11-13), were isolated from the leaves of Millettia oblata ssp. teitensis. A new glycosylated isoflavone (4), four known isoflavones (14-18), and one known chalcone (19) were isolated from the root wood extract of the same plant. The structures were elucidated by NMR and mass spectrometric analyses. The absolute configuration of the chiral compounds was established by a comparison of experimental ECD and VCD data with those calculated for the possible stereoisomers. This is the first report on the use of VCD to assign the absolute configuration of rotenoids. The crude leaves and root wood extracts displayed anti-RSV (human respiratory syncytial virus) activity with IC50 values of 0.7 and 3.4 μg/mL, respectively. Compounds 6, 8, 10, 11, and 14 showed anti-RSV activity with IC50 values of 0.4-10 μM, while compound 3 exhibited anti-HRV-2 (human rhinovirus 2) activity with an IC50 of 4.2 μM. Most of the compounds showed low cytotoxicity for laryngeal carcinoma (HEp-2) cells; however compounds 3, 11, and 14 exhibited low cytotoxicity also in primary lung fibroblasts. This is the first report on rotenoids showing antiviral activity against RSV and HRV viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kiganda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Bogaerts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lianne H E Wieske
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tsegaye Deyou
- Department of Chemistry, Salale University, P.O. Box 245, QPVQ+6C7, Fitche, Ethiopia
| | - Yoseph Atilaw
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Colores Uwamariya
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Masum Miah
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joanna Said
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Albert Ndakala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hoseah M Akala
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research - Africa (WRAIR-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O. Box 54, 40100 Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Wouter Herrebout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Edward Trybala
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomas Bergström
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mate Erdelyi
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Ochora DO, Murithi C, Masai RJ, Abdi F, Cheruyiot A, Katuura E, Asiimwe S, Nabatanzi A, Anywar G, Oryem-Origa H, Namukobe J, Kakudidi EK, Yenesew A, Akala HM, Kamau E. Ex vivo and in vitro antiplasmodial activity and toxicity of Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston (Fabaceae). J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 318:117007. [PMID: 37549860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Malaria is among the most prevalent and devastating parasitic diseases globally with most cases reported in Sub-Saharan Africa. One of the major reasons for the high malaria prevalence is the ever-increasing emergence of resistant strains of malaria-causing parasites to the currently used antimalarial drugs. This, therefore, calls for the search for antimalarial compounds with alternative modes of action. Plants used in traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria offer possible sources of such compounds. Caesalpinia decapetala has been used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases including malaria. However, the antiplasmodial activity of the plant has never been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the ex vivo and in vitro antiplasmodial activities of the extracts of the roots, stem bark and leaves of Caesalpinia decapetala. METHODOLOGY The roots, stem bark and leaves of Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston (Caesalpiniaceae) were collected and air-dried under a shade then extracted consecutively with dichloromethane and methanol (1:1 (v/v) (4 × 0.8 L). The extracts were tested for antiplasmodial activities against four strains of Plasmodium falciparum (W2, DD2, 3D7, and D6) and fresh P. falciparum field isolates using the SYBR green I assay. The mean fifty percent inhibition concentration (IC50) was determined for each assay. An acute oral toxicity test was done based on the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD 425) guidelines using Swiss albino mice. RESULTS The leaves and stem bark extracts showed good antiplasmodial activities with IC50 values of 4.54 and 4.86 μg/mL, respectively, when tested against the fresh field isolates ex vivo. Similarly, the roots extract showed an IC50 value of 6.49 μg/mL when tested against field isolates ex vivo. The roots extract showed the highest antiplasmodial activities among the samples when tested against W2 (IC50 = 6.12 μg/mL), DD2 (IC50 = 8.17 μg/mL), and D6 (IC50 = 16.02 μg/mL) strains of P. falciparum whereas the leaves showed the highest activity (IC50 = 9.3 μg/mL) when tested against the 3D7 strain of P. falciparum. No mortality was observed for the mice treated with 2000 mg/kg of the leaves and stem bark extracts. The mouse treated with 2000 mg/kg of the roots extracts regained weight by day 12 of the observation period. CONCLUSION Caesalpinia decapetala has the potential to suppress the growth of P. falciparum thereby contributing to combating the recurrent emergence of antimalarial drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas O Ochora
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kisii University, P.O. Box 408-40200, Kisii, Kenya; DSI/NWU, Preclinical Drug Development Platform, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, 2520, Potchefstroom, South Africa; United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Kenya (USAMRD-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Walter Reed Project, P.O. Box 54-40100, Kisumu, Kenya.
| | - Caroline Murithi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Rael J Masai
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kisii University, P.O. Box 408-40200, Kisii, Kenya.
| | - Farid Abdi
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Kenya (USAMRD-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Walter Reed Project, P.O. Box 54-40100, Kisumu, Kenya.
| | - Agnes Cheruyiot
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Kenya (USAMRD-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Walter Reed Project, P.O. Box 54-40100, Kisumu, Kenya.
| | - Esther Katuura
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology & Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Savina Asiimwe
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology & Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Alice Nabatanzi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology & Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Godwin Anywar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology & Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Hannington Oryem-Origa
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology & Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Jane Namukobe
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Esezah K Kakudidi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology & Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Hoseah M Akala
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Kenya (USAMRD-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Walter Reed Project, P.O. Box 54-40100, Kisumu, Kenya.
| | - Edwin Kamau
- Department of Pathology and Area Laboratory Services, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (HI), USA.
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Obegi Matundura J, Midiwo JO, Yenesew A, Omosa LK, Kumarihamy M, Zhao J, Wang M, Tripathi S, Khan S, Masila VM, Nchiozem-Ngnitedem VA, Muhammad I. Antiplasmodial and antimicrobial activities of e nt-abietane diterpenoids from the roots of Suregada zanzibariensis. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:4008-4012. [PMID: 36576067 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2158463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The root extract of Suregada zanzibariensis Baill. afforded six previously described ent-abietane diterpenoids, namely 7-oxo-ent-abieta-5(6),8(14),13(15)-trien-16,12-olide (1), mangiolide (2), 8,14β:11,12α-diepoxy-13(15)-abietane-16,12-olide (3), 7β,11β,12β-trihydroxy-ent-abieta-8(14),13(15)-diene-16,12-olide (4), 8α,14-dihydro-7-oxo-jolkinolide E (5), jolkinolide A (6), together with 3β-sitosterol (7), scopoletin (8) and vanillin (9). Their structures were deduced through 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques, and HRESIMS, as well as by comparison of the NMR data with those reported in the literature. The crude extract and compounds 1-9 were evaluated for their antiplasmodial, antifungal and antibacterial activities. Mangiolide (2) showed strong in vitro antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine sensitive (D6) and resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 values of 0.79 and 0.87 µg/mL, respectively, while 3 (IC50 1.24 and 1.17 µg/mL) was less active than 2. Compound 2 also displayed antimicrobial activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) with IC50 values of 1.20, 3.90 and 7.20 µg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob O Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Mallika Kumarihamy
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States, Department of Agriculture, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Siddharth Tripathi
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Shabana Khan
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | | | | | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
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Ochora DO, Mogire RM, Masai RJ, Yeda RA, Mwakio EW, Amwoma JG, Wakoli DM, Yenesew A, Akala HM. Ex vivo and In vitro antiplasmodial activities of approved drugs predicted to have antimalarial activities using chemogenomics and drug repositioning approach. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18863. [PMID: 37583763 PMCID: PMC10424068 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
High malaria mortality coupled with increased emergence of resistant multi-drug resistant strains of Plasmodium parasite, warrants the development of new and effective antimalarial drugs. However, drug design and discovery are costly and time-consuming with many active antimalarial compounds failing to get approved due to safety reasons. To address these challenges, the current study aimed at testing the antiplasmodial activities of approved drugs that were predicted using a target-similarity approach. This approach is based on the fact that if an approved drug used to treat another disease targets a protein similar to Plasmodium falciparum protein, then the drug will have a comparable effect on P. falciparum. In a previous study, in vitro antiplasmodial activities of 10 approved drugs was reported of the total 28 approved drugs. In this study, six out of 18 drugs that were previously not tested, namely epirubicin, irinotecan, venlafaxine, palbociclib, pelitinib, and PD153035 were tested for antiplasmodial activity. The drug susceptibility in vitro assays against five P. falciparum reference strains (D6, 3D7, W2, DD2, and F32 ART) and ex vivo assays against fresh clinical isolates were done using the malaria SYBR Green I assay. Standard antimalarial drugs were included as controls. Epirubicin and irinotecan showed excellent antiplasmodial ex vivo activity against field isolates with mean IC50 values of 0.044 ± 0.033 μM and 0.085 ± 0.055 μM, respectively. Similar activity was observed against W2 strain where epirubicin had an IC50 value of 0.004 ± 0.0009 μM, palbociclib 0.056 ± 0.006 μM, and pelinitib 0.057 ± 0.013 μM. For the DD2 strain, epirubicin, irinotecan and PD 153035 displayed potent antiplasmodial activity (IC50 < 1 μM). Epirubicin and irinotecan showed potent antiplasmodial activities (IC50 < 1 μM) against DD2, D6, 3D7, and F32 ART strains and field isolates. This shows the potential use of these drugs as antimalarials. All the tested drugs showed antiplasmodial activities with IC50 values below 20 μM, which suggests that our target similarity-based strategy is successful at predicting antiplasmodial activity of compounds thereby circumventing challenges in antimalarial drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas O. Ochora
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kisii University, P.O. Box 408-40200, Kisii, Kenya
- DSI/NWU, Preclinical Drug Development Platform, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, 2520, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)—Walter Reed Project, P.O. Box 54-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Reagan M. Mogire
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) – Kemri-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Rael J. Masai
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kisii University, P.O. Box 408-40200, Kisii, Kenya
| | - Redemptah A. Yeda
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)—Walter Reed Project, P.O. Box 54-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Edwin W. Mwakio
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)—Walter Reed Project, P.O. Box 54-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Joseph G. Amwoma
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu P. O. Box 6-60100, Embu, Kenya
| | - Dancan M. Wakoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536-20115, Egerton-Njoro, Kenya
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hoseah M. Akala
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)—Walter Reed Project, P.O. Box 54-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
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Chalo DM, Franke K, Nchiozem-Ngnitedem VA, Kakudidi E, Origa-Oryem H, Namukobe J, Kloss F, Yenesew A, Wessjohann LA. Prenylated Isoflavanones with Antimicrobial Potential from the Root Bark of Dalbergia melanoxylon. Metabolites 2023; 13:678. [PMID: 37367838 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dalbergia melanoxylon Guill. & Perr (Fabaceae) is widely utilized in the traditional medicine of East Africa, showing effects against a variety of ailments including microbial infections. Phytochemical investigation of the root bark led to the isolation of six previously undescribed prenylated isoflavanones together with eight known secondary metabolites comprising isoflavanoids, neoflavones and an alkyl hydroxylcinnamate. Structures were elucidated based on HR-ESI-MS, 1- and 2-D NMR and ECD spectra. The crude extract and the isolated compounds of D. melanoxylon were tested for their antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic and cytotoxic properties, applying established model organisms non-pathogenic to humans. The crude extract exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis (97% inhibition at 50 μg/mL) and antifungal activity against the phytopathogens Phytophthora infestans, Botrytis cinerea and Septoria tritici (96, 89 and 73% at 125 μg/mL, respectively). Among the pure compounds tested, kenusanone H and (3R)-tomentosanol B exhibited, in a panel of partially human pathogenic bacteria and fungi, promising antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Mycobacterium showing MIC values between 0.8 and 6.2 μg/mL. The observed biological effects support the traditional use of D. melanoxylon and warrant detailed investigations of its prenylated isoflavanones as antibacterial lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Mutiso Chalo
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197-0100, Kenya
| | - Katrin Franke
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Esezah Kakudidi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Hannington Origa-Oryem
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Jane Namukobe
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Florian Kloss
- Transfer Group Anti-Infectives, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Leibniz-HKI, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197-0100, Kenya
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Chepkirui C, Ali Adem F, Rudenko A, Gütlin Y, Ndakala A, Derese S, Orthaber A, Bourgard C, Yenesew A, Erdélyi M. Benzo[ b]naphtho[2,1- d]furans and 2-Phenylnaphthalenes from Streblus usambarensis. J Nat Prod 2023; 86:1010-1018. [PMID: 37043719 PMCID: PMC10152483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Three new benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]furans, usambarins A-C (1-3), five new 2-phenylnaphthalenes, usambarins D-H (4-8), a new flavan (9), and a new phenyl-1-benzoxepin (10) as well as two known compounds (11 and 12) were isolated from the extract of the stem and roots of Streblus usambarensis (Moraceae). The structures were deduced using NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses, and those of compounds 1 and 4 were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Usambarin D (4) demonstrated moderate antibacterial activity (MIC 9.0 μM) against Bacillus subtilis, while none of the tested compounds were effective against Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Chepkirui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Physical and Biological Sciences, Kabarak University, Private Bag-20157, Nakuru, Kenya
| | - Fozia Ali Adem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anastasia Rudenko
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, and Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at the University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yukino Gütlin
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, and Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at the University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Albert Ndakala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Solomon Derese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Uppsala University, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Catarina Bourgard
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, and Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at the University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Máté Erdélyi
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
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Kaigongi MM, Lukhoba CW, Musila FM, Taylor M, Mbugua RW, Githiomi J, Yenesew A, Makunga NP. A versatile untargeted metabolomics-driven technology for rapid phytochemical profiling of stem barks of Zanthoxylum species with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. ADV TRADIT MED (ADTM) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-022-00676-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractZanthoxylum species are credited with various uses in ethnomedicine due to their rich metabolite composition. In Kenya, these include management of cancer and microbial related ailments. However, there are limited reports showing how the bioactivity of Kenyan Zanthoxylum species is linked to their phytochemical profiles. This study therefore aimed at examining the chemical variation among five Zanthoxylum species found in Kenya (Z. chalybeum, Z. gilletii, Z. holtzianum, Z. paracanthum and Z. usambarense) using metabolomics approaches and the anti-oxidant and antimicrobial activities of these species. In a Folin–Ciocalteu test, the phenolic content of the stem bark extracts of these species were 73.083–145.272 mg TAE/g, while the alkaloids (in bromothymol blue chromogenic test) and flavonoids (in aluminium chloride test) were found to be 152.39–207.19 mg ME/g, and 109.416–186.413 mg CE/g, respectively. These extracts also exerted strong antioxidant activities in the 2,2-iphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power assays. In a broth dilution assay, the extract of the stem bark of Z. holtzianum ability showed the highest antimicrobial activity, followed by Z. chalybeum stem bark extract. The activities were positively correlated to both flavonoids and alkaloids concentrations, while the concentration of phenolics had weak negative correlation to antimicrobial activities. A chemometric analysis of the liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry profiles led to grouping of the species into three clusters. This study illustrates the variation in the bioactivity of Zanthoxylum species based on metabolite composition and justifies the wide usage of Zanthoxylum species in Kenyan traditional medicinal practices.
Graphical abstract
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8
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Akampurira D, Akala HM, Derese S, Heydenreich M, Yenesew A. A new C-C linked benzophenathridine-2-quinoline dimer, and the antiplasmodial activity of alkaloids from Zanthoxylum holstzianum. Nat Prod Res 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35139708 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2034810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The CH2Cl2/MeOH (1:1) extract of Zanthoxylum holstzianum stem bark showed good antiplasmodial activity (IC50 2.5 ± 0.3 and 2.6 ± 0.3 µg/mL against the W2 and D6 strains of Plasmodium falciparum, respectively). From the extract five benzophenanthridine alkaloids [8-acetonyldihydrochelerythrine (1), nitidine (2), dihydrochelerythine (3), norchelerythrine (5), arnottianamide (8)]; a 2-quinolone alkaloid [N-methylflindersine (4)]; a lignan [4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxylignan-9,9'-diyl diacetate (7)] and a dimer of a benzophenanthridine and 2-quinoline [holstzianoquinoline (6)] were isolated. The CH2Cl2/MeOH (1:1) extract of the root bark afforded 1, 3-6, 8, chelerythridimerine (9) and 9-demethyloxychelerythrine (10). Holstzianoquinoline (6) is new, and is the second dimer linked by a C-C bond of a benzophenanthridine and a 2-quinoline reported thus far. The compounds were identified based on spectroscopic evidence. Amongst five compounds (1-5) tested against two strains of P. falciparum, nitidine (IC50 0.11 ± 0.01 µg/mL against W2 and D6 strains) and norchelerythrine (IC50 value of 0.15 ± 0.01 µg/mL against D6 strain) were the most active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Akampurira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Chemistry, Kyambogo University, Kyambogo, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hoseah M Akala
- Global Emerging Infections Surveillance (GEIS) Program, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRD-A/K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Walter Reed Project, Kisumu and Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Solomon Derese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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9
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Chepkirui C, Bourgard C, Gilisen PJ, Ndakala A, Derese S, Gütlin Y, Erdélyi M, Yenesew A. A new β-hydroxydihydrochalcone from Tephrosia uniflora, and the revision of three β-hydroxydihydrochalcones to flavanones. Fitoterapia 2022; 158:105166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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10
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Ochora DO, Kakudidi EK, Namukobe J, Ipulet P, Wakoli DM, Okore W, Mwakio EW, Yeda RA, Cheruiyot AC, Juma DW, Andagalu B, Roth AL, Ogutu BR, Yenesew A, Akala HM. Synergism in Antiplasmodial Activities of Artemether and Lumefantrine in Combination with Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen (Polygalaceae). Plants (Basel) 2021; 11:47. [PMID: 35009051 PMCID: PMC8747340 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is the most lethal parasitic disease in the world. The frequent emergence of resistance by malaria parasites to any drug is the hallmark of sustained malaria burden. Since the deployment of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) it is clear that for a sustained fight against malaria, drug combination is one of the strategies toward malaria elimination. In Sub-Saharan Africa where malaria prevalence is the highest, the identification of plants with a novel mechanism of action that is devoid of cross-resistance is a feasible strategy in drug combination therapy. Thus, artemether and lumefantrine were separately combined and tested with extracts of Securidaca longipedunculata, a plant widely used to treat malaria, at fixed extract-drug ratios of 4:1, 3:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4. These combinations were tested for antiplasmodial activity against three strains of Plasmodium falciparum (W2, D6, and DD2), and seven field isolates that were characterized for molecular and ex vivo drug resistance profiles. The mean sum of fifty-percent fractional inhibition concentration (FIC50) of each combination and singly was determined. Synergism was observed across all fixed doses when roots extracts were combined with artemether against D6 strain (FIC50 0.403 ± 0.068) and stems extract combined with lumefantrine against DD2 strain (FIC50 0.376 ± 0.096) as well as field isolates (FIC50 0.656 ± 0.067). Similarly, synergism was observed in all ratios when leaves extract were combined with lumefantrine against W2 strain (FIC50 0.456 ± 0.165). Synergism was observed in most combinations indicating the potential use of S. longipedunculata in combination with artemether and lumefantrine in combating resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas O. Ochora
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology & Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062-10207, Uganda; (E.K.K.); (P.I.)
| | - Esezah K. Kakudidi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology & Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062-10207, Uganda; (E.K.K.); (P.I.)
| | - Jane Namukobe
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062-10207, Uganda;
| | - Perpetua Ipulet
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology & Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062-10207, Uganda; (E.K.K.); (P.I.)
| | - Dancan M. Wakoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, Njoro P.O. Box 536-20115, Kenya;
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Kenya (USAMRD-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)—Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kisumu P.O. Box 54-40100, Kenya;
| | - Winnie Okore
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Kenya (USAMRD-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)—Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kisumu P.O. Box 54-40100, Kenya;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno P.O. Box Private Bag-40105, Kenya; (E.W.M.); (R.A.Y.); (A.C.C.); (D.W.J.); (B.A.); (A.L.R.)
| | - Edwin W. Mwakio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno P.O. Box Private Bag-40105, Kenya; (E.W.M.); (R.A.Y.); (A.C.C.); (D.W.J.); (B.A.); (A.L.R.)
| | - Redempthah A. Yeda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno P.O. Box Private Bag-40105, Kenya; (E.W.M.); (R.A.Y.); (A.C.C.); (D.W.J.); (B.A.); (A.L.R.)
| | - Agnes C. Cheruiyot
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno P.O. Box Private Bag-40105, Kenya; (E.W.M.); (R.A.Y.); (A.C.C.); (D.W.J.); (B.A.); (A.L.R.)
| | - Dennis W. Juma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno P.O. Box Private Bag-40105, Kenya; (E.W.M.); (R.A.Y.); (A.C.C.); (D.W.J.); (B.A.); (A.L.R.)
| | - Ben Andagalu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno P.O. Box Private Bag-40105, Kenya; (E.W.M.); (R.A.Y.); (A.C.C.); (D.W.J.); (B.A.); (A.L.R.)
| | - Amanda L. Roth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno P.O. Box Private Bag-40105, Kenya; (E.W.M.); (R.A.Y.); (A.C.C.); (D.W.J.); (B.A.); (A.L.R.)
| | - Bernhards R. Ogutu
- Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu P.O. Box 1578-40100, Kenya;
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197-00100, Kenya;
| | - Hoseah M. Akala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno P.O. Box Private Bag-40105, Kenya; (E.W.M.); (R.A.Y.); (A.C.C.); (D.W.J.); (B.A.); (A.L.R.)
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11
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Buyinza D, Yang LJ, Derese S, Ndakala A, Coghi P, Heydenreich M, Wong VKW, Möller HM, Yenesew A. Cytotoxicity of isoflavones from Millettia dura. Nat Prod Res 2021; 35:2744-2747. [PMID: 34414847 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1660335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The first phytochemical investigation of the flowers of Millettia dura resulted in the isolation of seven isoflavones, a flavonol and a chalcone. Eleven isoflavones and a flavonol isolated from various plant parts from this plant were tested for cytotoxicity against a panel of cell lines, and six of these showed good activity with IC50 values of 6-14 μM. Durmillone was the most active with IC50 values of 6.6 μM against A549 adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cancer cell line with low cytotoxicity against the non-cancerous cell lines BEAS-2B (IC50 = 58.4 μM), LO2 hepatocytes (IC50 78.7 μM) and CCD19Lu fibroblasts (IC50 >100 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Buyinza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Chemistry, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Li Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Solomon Derese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Albert Ndakala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paolo Coghi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | | | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Heiko M Möller
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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12
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Ochora DO, Kakudidi E, Namukobe J, Heydenreich M, Coghi P, Yang LJ, Mwakio EW, Andagalu B, Roth A, Akala HM, Wong VKW, Yenesew A. A new benzophenone, and the antiplasmodial activities of the constituents of Securidaca longipedunculata fresen (Polygalaceae). Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:2758-2766. [PMID: 34000936 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1925272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracts from Securidaca longipedunculata showed antiplasmodial activities against reference clones and clinical isolates using SYBR Green I method. A new benzophenone, 2,3,4,5-tetramethoxybenzophenone (1) was isolated and characterized along with seven known compounds: 4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxybenzophenone (2); 3-hydroxy-5-methoxybiphenyl (3), methyl-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzoate (4), benzyl-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzoate (5), 2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzoic acid (6), 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzophenone (7) and 2-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxybenzophenone (8). Compounds 1 and 2 showed ex vivo antiplasmodial activities (IC50 28.8 μM and 18.6 μM, respectively); while 5 and 8 showed in vivo activities (IC50 19.7 μM and 14.5 μM, respectively) against D6 strain. In a cytotoxicity assay, all the extracts (with an exception of the MeOH extract of the leaves) and pure compounds were not toxic to the normal LO2 and BEAS cell-lines, while the methanol roots extract (IC50 66.4 µg/mL against A549, and 77.4 µg/mL against HepG2), compounds 6 (IC50 22.2 µM against A549) and 7 (IC50 45.2 µM against HepG2) were weakly active against cancerous cell-lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas O Ochora
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology & Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Esezah Kakudidi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology & Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jane Namukobe
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Paolo Coghi
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Li Jun Yang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Edwin W Mwakio
- United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Ben Andagalu
- United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Amanda Roth
- United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Hoseah M Akala
- United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Vincent K W Wong
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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13
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Andima M, Ndakala A, Derese S, Biswajyoti S, Hussain A, Yang LJ, Akoth OE, Coghi P, Pal C, Heydenreich M, Wong VKW, Yenesew A. Antileishmanial and cytotoxic activity of secondary metabolites from Taberneamontana ventricosa and two aloe species. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:1365-1369. [PMID: 33459049 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1871906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities of secondary metabolites isolated from Tabernaemontana ventricosa Hochst. ex A. DC., Aloe tororoana Reynolds, and Aloe schweinfurthii var. labworana Reynolds were investigated. Overall, nineteen known compounds were isolated from the three plant species. The compounds were characterized based on their spectroscopic data. Voacristine and aloenin were the most active compounds against promastigotes of antimony-sensitive Leishmania donovani (IC50 11 ± 5.2 μM and 26 ± 6.5 µM, respectively) with low toxicity against RAW264.7, murine monocyte/macrophage-like cells. The in silico docking evaluation and in vitro NO generation assay also substantially support the antileishmanial effects of these compounds. In a cytotoxicity assay against cancer and normal cell lines, ursolic acid highly inhibited proliferation of lung cancer cells, A549 (IC50 6.61 ± 0.7 μM) while voacristine was moderately active against human liver cancer cells, HepG2 (IC50 23.0 ± 0.0 μM). All other compounds were inactive against the test parasites and cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Andima
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Chemistry, Busitema University, Tororo, Uganda
| | - Albert Ndakala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Solomon Derese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sarkar Biswajyoti
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Parganas, West Bengal, India
| | - Aabid Hussain
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Parganas, West Bengal, India
| | - Li Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | | | - Paolo Coghi
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Chiranjib Pal
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Parganas, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Vincent Kam-Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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14
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Chalo DM, Kakudidi E, Origa-Oryem H, Namukobe J, Franke K, Yenesew A, Wessjohann LA. Chemical constituents of the roots of Ormocarpum sennoides subsp. zanzibaricum. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2020.104142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Chepkirui C, Ochieng PJ, Sarkar B, Hussain A, Pal C, Yang LJ, Coghi P, Akala HM, Derese S, Ndakala A, Heydenreich M, Wong VKW, Erdélyi M, Yenesew A. Antiplasmodial and antileishmanial flavonoids from Mundulea sericea. Fitoterapia 2020; 149:104796. [PMID: 33271256 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Five known compounds (1-5) were isolated from the extract of Mundulea sericea leaves. Similar investigation of the roots of this plant afforded an additional three known compounds (6-8). The structures were elucidated using NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was established using ECD spectroscopy. In an antiplasmodial activity assay, compound 1 showed good activity with an IC50 of 2.0 μM against chloroquine-resistant W2, and 6.6 μM against the chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Some of the compounds were also tested for antileishmanial activity. Dehydrolupinifolinol (2) and sericetin (5) were active against drug-sensitive Leishmania donovani (MHOM/IN/83/AG83) with IC50 values of 9.0 and 5.0 μM, respectively. In a cytotoxicity assay, lupinifolin (3) showed significant activity on BEAS-2B (IC50 4.9 μM) and HePG2 (IC50 10.8 μM) human cell lines. All the other compounds showed low cytotoxicity (IC50 > 30 μM) against human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549), human liver cancer cells (HepG2), lung/bronchus cells (epithelial virus transformed) (BEAS-2B) and immortal human hepatocytes (LO2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Chepkirui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Purity J Ochieng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Biswajyoti Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India
| | - Aabid Hussain
- Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India
| | - Chiranjib Pal
- Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India
| | - Li Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Paolo Coghi
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of science and technology, Macau, China
| | - Hoseah M Akala
- Global Emerging Infections Surveillance (GEIS) Program, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Solomon Derese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Albert Ndakala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Matthias Heydenreich
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Vincent K W Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Máté Erdélyi
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-752 37 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Atilaw Y, Muiva-Mutisya L, Bogaerts J, Duffy S, Valkonen A, Heydenreich M, Avery VM, Rissanen K, Erdélyi M, Yenesew A. Prenylated Flavonoids from the Roots of Tephrosia rhodesica. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:2390-2398. [PMID: 32790306 PMCID: PMC7460544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Five new compounds-rhodimer (1), rhodiflavan A (2), rhodiflavan B (3), rhodiflavan C (4), and rhodacarpin (5)-along with 16 known secondary metabolites, were isolated from the CH2Cl2-CH3OH (1:1) extract of the roots of Tephrosia rhodesica. They were identified by NMR spectroscopic, mass spectrometric, X-ray crystallographic, and ECD spectroscopic analyses. The crude extract and the isolated compounds 2-5, 9, 15, and 21 showed activity (100% at 10 μg and IC50 = 5-15 μM) against the chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) strain of Plasmodium falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoseph Atilaw
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department
of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 756, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lois Muiva-Mutisya
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jonathan Bogaerts
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sandra Duffy
- Discovery
Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia
| | - Arto Valkonen
- University
of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Matthias Heydenreich
- Institut
für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Vicky M. Avery
- Discovery
Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University
of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Máté Erdélyi
- Department
of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 756, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Buyinza D, Chalo DM, Derese S, Ndakala A, Yenesew A. Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids of Millettia dura and Millettia ferruginea: Phytochemical review and chemotaxonomic values. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2020.104053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Olale K, Yenesew A, Jamnadass R, Sila A, Shepherd K. A simple field based method for rapid wood density estimation for selected tree species in Western Kenya. Scientific African 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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19
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Adem FA, Mbaveng AT, Kuete V, Heydenreich M, Ndakala A, Irungu B, Yenesew A, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of isoflavones and biflavonoids from Ormocarpum kirkii towards multi-factorial drug resistant cancer. Phytomedicine 2019; 58:152853. [PMID: 30836216 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While incidences of cancer are continuously increasing, drug resistance of malignant cells is observed towards almost all pharmaceuticals. Several isoflavonoids and flavonoids are known for their cytotoxicity towards various cancer cells. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of isoflavones: osajin (1), 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-6,8-diprenylisoflavone (2) and biflavonoids: chamaejasmin (3), 7,7″-di-O-methylchamaejasmin (4) and campylospermone A (5), a dimeric chromene [diphysin(6)] and an ester of ferullic acid with long alkyl chain [erythrinasinate (7)] isolated from the stem bark and roots of the Kenyan medicinal plant, Ormocarpum kirkii. The mode of action of compounds 2 and 4 was further investigated. METHODS The cytotoxicity of compounds was determined based on the resazurin reduction assay. Caspases activation was evaluated using the caspase-Glo assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle (propodium iodide (PI) staining), apoptosis (annexin V/PI staining), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (JC-1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (H2DCFH-DA). CCRF-CEM leukemia cells were used as model cells for mechanistic studies. RESULTS Compounds 1, 2 and 4 displayed IC50 values below 20 µM towards CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells, and were further tested towards a panel of 7 carcinoma cells. The IC50 values of the compounds against carcinoma cells varied from 16.90 µM (in resistant U87MG.ΔEGFR glioblastoma cells) to 48.67 µM (against HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells) for 1, from 7.85 µM (in U87MG.ΔEGFR cells) to 14.44 µM (in resistant MDA-MB231/BCRP breast adenocarcinoma cells) for 2, from 4.96 µM (towards U87MG.ΔEGFRcells) to 7.76 µM (against MDA-MB231/BCRP cells) for 4, and from 0.07 µM (against MDA-MB231 cells) to 2.15 µM (against HepG2 cells) for doxorubicin. Compounds 2 and 4 induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells mediated by MMP alteration and increased ROS production. CONCLUSION The present report indicates that isoflavones and biflavonoids from Ormocarpum kirkii are cytotoxic compounds with the potential of being exploited in cancer chemotherapy. Compounds 2 and 4 deserve further studies to develop new anticancer drugs to fight sensitive and resistant cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia A Adem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Stawdenger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Stawdenger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Stawdenger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Matthias Heydenreich
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, P.O. Box 60 15 53, D-14415 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Albert Ndakala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Beatrice Irungu
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Stawdenger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Omosa LK, Mbogo GM, Korir E, Omole R, Seo EJ, Yenesew A, Heydenreich M, Midiwo JO, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of fagaramide derivative and canthin-6-one from Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae) species against multidrug resistant leukemia cells. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:579-586. [PMID: 30896260 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1587424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In our continuous search for cytotoxic compounds from the genus Zanthoxylum, chromatographic separation of the MeOH/CH2Cl2 (1:1) extract of Z. chalybeum yielded one new alkamide; 4-(isoprenyloxy)-3-methoxy-3,4-deoxymethylenedioxyfagaramide (1) and a known one; fagaramide (2). Similarly, from the MeOH/CH2Cl2 (1:1) extract of the stem bark of Z. parachanthum four known compounds; canthin-6-one (3), dihydrochelerythrine (4), lupeol (5) and sesamin (6) were isolated. Characterization of the structures of these compounds was achieved using spectroscopic techniques (NMR and MS). Using resazurin reduction assay 1, 3 and 6 displayed moderate cytotoxicity with IC50 values below 50 μM against the drug sensitive CCRF-CEM and multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cell lines. It is interesting to note that 3 was more active than the standard drug, doxorubicin against CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells. Compounds 3 and 6 showed good selectivity on leukemia cells than normal cells. In future studies 3 should be tested against a panel of drug resistant human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Korir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruth Omole
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ean-Jeong Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Adem FA, Kuete V, Mbaveng AT, Heydenreich M, Koch A, Ndakala A, Irungu B, Yenesew A, Efferth T. Cytotoxic flavonoids from two Lonchocarpus species. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:2609-2617. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1462179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fozia A. Adem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Armelle T. Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Andreas Koch
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Albert Ndakala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Beatrice Irungu
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Deyou T, Marco M, Heydenreich M, Pan F, Gruhonjic A, Fitzpatrick PA, Koch A, Derese S, Pelletier J, Rissanen K, Yenesew A, Erdélyi M. Isoflavones and Rotenoids from the Leaves of Millettia oblata ssp. teitensis. J Nat Prod 2017; 80:2060-2066. [PMID: 28665590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A new isoflavone, 8-prenylmilldrone (1), and four new rotenoids, oblarotenoids A-D (2-5), along with nine known compounds (6-14), were isolated from the CH2Cl2/CH3OH (1:1) extract of the leaves of Millettia oblata ssp. teitensis by chromatographic separation. The purified compounds were identified by NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses, whereas the absolute configurations of the rotenoids were established on the basis of chiroptical data and in some cases by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Maximaisoflavone J (11) and oblarotenoid C (4) showed weak activity against the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 with IC50 values of 33.3 and 93.8 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsegaye Deyou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi , P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Makungu Marco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi , P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Matthias Heydenreich
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Fangfang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla , P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Amra Gruhonjic
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Centre, University of Gothenburg , SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paul A Fitzpatrick
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Centre, University of Gothenburg , SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Koch
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Solomon Derese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi , P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jerry Pelletier
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla , P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi , P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Máté Erdélyi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Swedish NMR Center, University of Gothenburg , P.O. Box 465, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Muiva-Mutisya LM, Atilaw Y, Heydenreich M, Koch A, Akala HM, Cheruiyot AC, Brown ML, Irungu B, Okalebo FA, Derese S, Mutai C, Yenesew A. Antiplasmodial prenylated flavanonols from Tephrosia subtriflora. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1407-1414. [PMID: 28714338 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1353510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The CH2Cl2/MeOH (1:1) extract of the aerial parts of Tephrosia subtriflora afforded a new flavanonol, named subtriflavanonol (1), along with the known flavanone spinoflavanone B, and the known flavanonols MS-II (2) and mundulinol. The structures were elucidated by the use of NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The absolute configuration of the flavanonols was determined based on quantum chemical ECD calculations. In the antiplasmodial assay, compound 2 showed the highest activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum reference clones (D6 and 3D7), artemisinin-sensitive isolate (F32-TEM) as well as field isolate (KSM 009) with IC50 values 1.4-4.6 μM without significant cytotoxicity against Vero and HEp2 cell lines (IC50 > 100 μM). The new compound (1) showed weak antiplasmodial activity, IC50 12.5-24.2 μM, but also showed selective anticancer activity against HEp2 cell line (CC50 16.9 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoseph Atilaw
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Nairobi , Nairobi , Kenya
| | | | - Andreas Koch
- b Institut für Chemie , Universität Potsdam , Potsdam , Germany
| | - Hoseah M Akala
- c United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Kenya (USAMRD-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project (WRP) , Kisumu , Kenya
| | - Agnes C Cheruiyot
- c United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Kenya (USAMRD-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project (WRP) , Kisumu , Kenya
| | - Matthew L Brown
- c United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Kenya (USAMRD-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Walter Reed Project (WRP) , Kisumu , Kenya
| | - Beatrice Irungu
- d Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research , Kenya Medical Research Institute , Nairobi , Kenya
| | - Faith A Okalebo
- e Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy , University of Nairobi , Nairobi , Kenya
| | - Solomon Derese
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Nairobi , Nairobi , Kenya
| | - Charles Mutai
- f Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences , Masinde Muliro University of Sciences and Technology , Kakamega , Kenya
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Nairobi , Nairobi , Kenya
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Muthaura CN, Keriko J, Mutai C, Yenesew A, Heydenreich M, Atilaw YM, Gathirwa JW, Irungu BN, Derese S. Antiplasmodial, Cytotoxicity and Phytochemical Constituents of Four Maytenus Species Used in Traditional Medicine in Kenya. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/2210315507666161206144050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abdissa N, Pan F, Gruhonjic A, Gräfenstein J, Fitzpatrick PA, Landberg G, Rissanen K, Yenesew A, Erdélyi M. Naphthalene Derivatives from the Roots of Pentas parvifolia and Pentas bussei. J Nat Prod 2016; 79:2181-2187. [PMID: 27518587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical investigation of the CH2Cl2/MeOH (1:1) extract of the roots of Pentas parvifolia led to the isolation of three new naphthalenes, parvinaphthols A (1), B (2), and C (3), two known anthraquinones, and five known naphthalene derivatives. Similar investigation of the roots of Pentas bussei afforded a new polycyclic naphthalene, busseihydroquinone E (4), a new 2,2'-binaphthralenyl-1,1'-dione, busseihydroquinone F (5), and five known naphthalenes. All purified metabolites were characterized by NMR and MS data analyses, whereas the absolute configurations of 3 and 4 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The E-geometry of compound 5 was supported by DFT-based chemical shift calculations. Compounds 2-4 showed marginal cytotoxicity against the MDA-MB-231 human triple-negative breast cancer cell line with IC50 values ranging from 62.3 to 129.6 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negera Abdissa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi , P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Jimma University , P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Fangfang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla , P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Amra Gruhonjic
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Centre, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Gräfenstein
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paul A Fitzpatrick
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Centre, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Göran Landberg
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Centre, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla , P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi , P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Máté Erdélyi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
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Abosl AO, Mbukwa E, Majinda RRT, Raserok BH, Yenesew A, Midiwo JO, Akala H, Liyala P, Waters NC. Vangueria infausta root bark: in vivo and in vitro antiplasmodial activity. Br J Biomed Sci 2016; 63:129-33. [PMID: 17058713 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2006.11732732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Vangueria infausta burch subsp. infausta (Rubiaceae) produces fruits eaten by humans and animals. The leaf, fruit, stem bark and root bark are used as a remedy for many ailments and the roots are used to treat malaria. In this study, concentrations of fractions of the V. infausta root bark extract that produce 50% inhibition (IC50) are determined using the ability of the extract to inhibit the uptake of [G3H]-hypoxanthine by P. falciparum cultured in vitro. The root bark extract showed antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei in mice. It gave a parasite suppression of 73.5% in early infection and a repository effect of 88.7%. One fraction obtained from a chloroform extract gave an IC50 value of 3.8 +/- 1.5 microg/mL and 4.5 +/- 2.3 microg/mL against D6 and W2 strains of P. falciparum, respectively, and another from the butanol extract gave an IC50 value of 3.9 +/- 0.3 microg/mL against the D6 strain. Chloroquine had an IC50 value of 0.016 microg/mL and 0.029 microg/mL against D6 and W2 strains, respectively. The plant showed the presence of flavonoids, coumarins, tannins, terpenoids, anthraquinones and saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Abosl
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
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Deyou T, Gumula I, Pang F, Gruhonjic A, Mumo M, Holleran J, Duffy S, Fitzpatrick PA, Heydenreich M, Landberg G, Derese S, Avery V, Rissanen K, Erdélyi M, Yenesew A. Rotenoids, Flavonoids, and Chalcones from the Root Bark of Millettia usaramensis. J Nat Prod 2015; 78:2932-2939. [PMID: 26651537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Five new compounds, 4-O-geranylisoliquiritigenin (1), 12-dihydrousararotenoid B (2), 12-dihydrousararotenoid C (3), 4'-O-geranyl-7-hydroxyflavanone (4), and 4'-O-geranyl-7-hydroxydihydroflavanol (5), along with 12 known natural products (6-17) were isolated from the CH2Cl2/MeOH (1:1) extract of the root bark of Millettia usaramensis ssp. usaramensis by chromatographic separation. The purified metabolites were identified by NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses, whereas their absolute configurations were established on the basis of chiroptical data and in some cases also by X-ray crystallography. The crude extract was moderately active (IC50 = 11.63 μg/mL) against the ER-negative MDB-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line, and accordingly compounds 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 16 also showed moderate to low cytotoxic activities (IC50 25.7-207.2 μM). The new natural product 1 exhibited antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values of 3.7 and 5.3 μM against the chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 and the chloroquine-resistant Dd2 Plasmodium falciparum strains, respectively, and was also cytotoxic to the HEK293 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsegaye Deyou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi , P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ivan Gumula
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi , P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fangfang Pang
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla , P.O. Box. 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | | | - Michael Mumo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi , P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John Holleran
- Discovery Biology, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Nathan Qld 4111 Australia
| | - Sandra Duffy
- Discovery Biology, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Nathan Qld 4111 Australia
| | | | - Matthias Heydenreich
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-1146, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Solomon Derese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi , P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Vicky Avery
- Discovery Biology, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Nathan Qld 4111 Australia
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla , P.O. Box. 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | | | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi , P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Muthaura CN, Keriko JM, Mutai C, Yenesew A, Gathirwa JW, Irungu BN, Nyangacha R, Mungai GM, Derese S. Antiplasmodial potential of traditional phytotherapy of some remedies used in treatment of malaria in Meru-Tharaka Nithi County of Kenya. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 175:315-23. [PMID: 26409181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants play a major role in many communities across the world, in the treatment and prevention of disease and the promotion of general health. The aim of the study was to escalate documentation from an earlier study of medicinal plants, traditionally used to combat malaria by the Ameru community of Imenti Forest area and Gatunga in Eastern Region of Kenya, and validate their ethnopharmacological claims by evaluating their antiplasmodial efficacies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out in Meru County at Imenti Forest Game Reserve and in Tharaka Nithi County at Gatunga. Traditional health practitioners (THP) were interviewed with a standard questionnaire to obtain information on medicinal plants traditionally used for management of malaria. Group interviews were also held among THPs and members of the community. The antiplasmodial activities of the crude extracts against chloroquine sensitive (D6) and resistant (W2) Plasmodium falciparum were determined using the semi-automated micro-dilution technique that measures the ability of the extracts to inhibit the incorporation of (G-3H) hypoxanthine into the malaria parasite. RESULTS Ninety nine (99) species in eighty one (81) genera and forty five (45) families were documented and evaluated for in vitro antiplasmodial activity. Compositae, Fabaceae, Meliceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae and Verbenaceae had the highest number of species mentioned in treatment of malaria in Meru/Tharaka Nithi study area. Twenty four (24.2%) species showed antiplasmodial efficacy of IC50 ≤ 5 µg/ml and were considered to have potential for isolation of antimalarial compounds. Eight plant (8) species with moderate antiplasmodial activity namely; Cordia africana, Commiphora africana, Elaeodendron buchananii, Gomphocarpus semilunatus, Tarena graveolens, Plectranthus igniarius, Acacia senegal and Ziziphus abyssinica were documented from this region for the first time for the treatment of malaria. The antiplasmodial activity of MeOH root bark extract of Maytenus obtusifolia was very promising (IC50 < 1.9 µg/ml) and this is the first report on traditional use of M. obtusifolia for treatment of malaria and antimalarial activity. CONCLUSIONS The results seem to indicate that ethnopharmacological inquiry used in search for new herbal remedies as predictive and could be used as the basis for search of new active principles. Eight plant (8) species are documented from this region for the first time for the treatment of malaria. This is the first report on traditional use of M. obtusifolia for treatment of malaria and evaluation of its antiplasmodial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Muthaura
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - J M Keriko
- Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - C Mutai
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya; Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 190, 50100 Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - J W Gathirwa
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - B N Irungu
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - R Nyangacha
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - G M Mungai
- East Africa Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Solomon Derese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya
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Irungu BN, Adipo N, Orwa JA, Kimani F, Heydenreich M, Midiwo JO, Martin Björemark P, Håkansson M, Yenesew A, Erdélyi M. Antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities of the constituents of Turraea robusta and Turraea nilotica. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 174:419-25. [PMID: 26320684 PMCID: PMC4642656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Turraea robusta and Turraea nilotica are African medicinal plants used for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases, including malaria. The genus Turraea is rich in limonoids and other triterpenoids known to possess various biological activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS From the stem bark of T. robusta six compounds, and from various parts of T. nilotica eleven compounds were isolated by the use of a combination of chromatographic techniques. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using NMR and MS, whilst the relative configuration of one of the isolated compounds, toonapubesin F, was established by X-ray crystallography. The antiplasmodial activities of the crude extracts and the isolated constituents against the D6 and W2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum were determined using the semiautomated micro dilution technique that measures the ability of the extracts to inhibit the incorporation of (G-(3)H, where G is guanine) hypoxanthine into the malaria parasite. The cytotoxicity of the crude extracts and their isolated constituents was evaluated against the mammalian cell lines African monkey kidney (vero), mouse breast cancer (4T1) and human larynx carcinoma (HEp2). RESULTS The extracts showed good to moderate antiplasmodial activities, where the extract of the stem bark of T. robusta was also cytotoxic against the 4T1 and the HEp2 cells (IC50<10 μg/ml). The compounds isolated from these extracts were characterized as limonoids, protolimonoids and phytosterol glucosides. These compounds showed good to moderate activities with the most active one being azadironolide, IC50 2.4 ± 0.03 μM and 1.1 ± 0.01 μM against the D6 and W2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum, respectively; all other compounds possessed IC50 14.4-40.5 μM. None of the compounds showed significant cytotoxicity against vero cells, yet four of them were toxic against the 4T1 and HEp2 cancer cell lines with piscidinol A having IC50 8.0 ± 0.03 and 8.4 ± 0.01 μM against the 4T1 and HEp2 cells, respectively. Diacetylation of piscidinol A resulted in reduced cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION From the medicinal plants T. robusta and T. nilotica, twelve compounds were isolated and characterized; two of the isolated compounds, namely 11-epi-toonacilin and azadironolide showed good antiplasmodial activity with the highest selectivity indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice N Irungu
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Nicholas Adipo
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jennifer A Orwa
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Francis Kimani
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Matthias Heydenreich
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jacob O Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Per Martin Björemark
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Mikael Håkansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Máté Erdélyi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41296, Sweden; Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-40530 Sweden.
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Muthaura CN, Keriko JM, Mutai C, Yenesew A, Gathirwa JW, Irungu BN, Nyangacha R, Mungai GM, Derese S. Antiplasmodial potential of traditional antimalarial phytotherapy remedies used by the Kwale community of the Kenyan Coast. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 170:148-157. [PMID: 26002768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Kenya, 22 million people are at risk of malaria, 70% of them are in rural areas and most of these people use traditional plant based medicines to treat malaria. The aim of the study was to escalate documentation, from an earlier study of medicinal plants, traditionally used to treat malaria by the Digo community of Kwale County, taking cognizance of their pharmacological information by evaluating their antiplasmodial efficacies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out in Kwale County at Shimba Hills Game Reserve and adjoining part of Kinango. Traditional health practitioners (THP) were interviewed with a standard questionnaire to obtain information on medicinal plants traditionally used for management of malaria. Group interviews were also held among THPs and members of the community. The plant samples collected were tested for antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine sensitive (D6) and resistant (W2) Plasmodium falciparum using the ability of extracts, prepared from the plant species, to inhibit the incorporation of [G-3H] hypoxanthine into the malaria parasites. RESULTS Fifty seven (57) species in forty eight (48) genera and thirty (30) families were documented and evaluated for in vitro antiplasmodial activity. Apocynaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Rubiaceae families had each about 12% of the plant species reported as antimalarial remedy and represented the species that are most commonly used. Twelve species (21.1%) showed antiplasmodial efficacy of IC50<5µg/ml and these were Boscia salicifolia, Cissampelos mucronata, Clerodendrum myricoides, Commiphora schimperi, Flueggea virosa, Maytenus undata, Maytenus senegalensis, Maytenus putterlickioides, Vernonia amygdalina, Warburgia stuhlmannii, Zanthoxylum chalybeum and Tabernaemontana pachysiphon. CONCLUSIONS These results seem to indicate that ethnopharmacological inquiry used in search for new herbal remedies as predictive and could form the basis of an ethnopharmacopoeia and search for new active principles. This is the first report on traditional use of T. pachysiphon for malaria and its antiplasmodial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Muthaura
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - J M Keriko
- Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - C Mutai
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - A Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - J W Gathirwa
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - B N Irungu
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - R Nyangacha
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - G M Mungai
- East Africa Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - S Derese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya
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Gumula I, Alao JP, Ndiege IO, Sunnerhagen P, Yenesew A, Erdélyi M. Flemingins G-O, cytotoxic and antioxidant constituents of the leaves of Flemingia grahamiana. J Nat Prod 2014; 77:2060-2067. [PMID: 25226568 DOI: 10.1021/np500418n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The known flemingins A-C (1-3) and nine new chalcones, named flemingins G-O (4-12), along with deoxyhomoflemingin (13) and emodin (14) were isolated from a leaf extract of Flemingia grahamiana. The isolated chalcones were found to have a geranyl substituent modified into a chromene ring possessing a residual chain, as shown by spectroscopic methods. The leaf extract showed an IC50 value of 5.9 μg/mL in a DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. The chalcones flemingins A, B, C, G, and H were active in the DPPH radical scavenging assay (ED50 4.4-8.9 μM), while flemingins A and C showed cytotoxicity against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells (IC50 8.9 and 7.6 μM, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Gumula
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi , POB 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Abdissa N, Induli M, Fitzpatrick P, Alao JP, Sunnerhagen P, Landberg G, Yenesew A, Erdélyi M. Cytotoxic quinones from the roots of Aloe dawei. Molecules 2014; 19:3264-73. [PMID: 24642911 PMCID: PMC6270816 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19033264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven naphthoquinones and nine anthraquinones were isolated from the roots of Aloe dawei by chromatographic separation. The purified metabolites were identified by NMR and MS analyses. Out of the sixteen quinones, 6-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone is a new compound. Two of the isolates, 5,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione and 1-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3-methylanthraquinone showed high cytotoxic activity (IC50 1.15 and 4.85 µM) on MCF-7 breast cancer cells, whereas the others showed moderate to low cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 (ER Negative) and MCF-7 (ER Positive) cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negera Abdissa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Martha Induli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Paul Fitzpatrick
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden.
| | - John Patrick Alao
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden.
| | - Per Sunnerhagen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden.
| | - Göran Landberg
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden.
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Máté Erdélyi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden.
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Induli M, Gebru M, Abdissa N, Akala H, Wekesa I, Byamukama R, Heydenreich M, Murunga S, Dagne E, Yenesew A. Antiplasmodial Quinones from the Rhizomes of Kniphofia Foliosa. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts of the rhizomes of Kniphofia foliosa exhibited antiplasmodial activities against the chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 values of 3–5 μg/mL. A phenyloxanthrone, named 10-acetonylknipholone cyclooxanthrone (1) and an anthraquinone-anthrone dimer, chryslandicin 10-methyl ether (2), were isolated from the rhizomes, along with known quinones, including the rare phenylanthraquinone dimers, joziknipholones A and B. The structures of these compounds were determined based on spectroscopic data. This is the second report on the occurrence of the dimeric phenylanthraquinones in nature. In an in vitro antiplasmodial assay of the isolated compounds, activity was observed for phenylanthraquinones, anthraquinone-anthrone dimers and dimeric phenylanthraquinones, with joziknipholone A being the most active. The new compound, 10-acetonylknipholone cyclooxanthrone, also showed anti-plasmodial activity. In an in vivo assay, knipholone anthrone displayed marginal antimalarial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Induli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
- Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 30650-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Meron Gebru
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Negera Abdissa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hosea Akala
- United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Walter Reed Project, MRU 64109, APO, Kisumu AE 09831-4109, USA
| | - Ingrid Wekesa
- Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 30650-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Robert Byamukama
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Matthias Heydenreich
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, P.O. Box 60 15 53, D-14415 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sylvia Murunga
- Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 30650-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ermias Dagne
- Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, P.O. Box 30270, Ethiopia
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Induli M, Gebru M, Abdissa N, Akala H, Wekesa I, Byamukama R, Heydenreich M, Murunga S, Dagne E, Yenesew A. Antiplasmodial quinones from the rhizomes of Kniphofia foliosa. Nat Prod Commun 2013; 8:1261-1264. [PMID: 24273862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracts of the rhizomes of Kniphofia foliosa exhibited antiplasmodial activities against the chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 values of 3-5 microg/mL. A phenyloxanthrone, named 10-acetonylknipholone cyclooxanthrone (1) and an anthraquinone-anthrone dimer, chryslandicin 10-methyl ether (2), were isolated from the rhizomes, along with known quinones, including the rare phenylanthraquinone dimers, joziknipholones A and B. The structures of these compounds were determined based on spectroscopic data. This is the second report on the occurrence of the dimeric phenylanthraquinones in nature. In an in vitro antiplasmodial assay of the isolated compounds, activity was observed for phenylanthraquinones, anthraquinone-anthrone dimers and dimeric phenylanthraquinones, with joziknipholone A being the most active. The new compound, 10-acetonylknipholone cyclooxanthrone, also showed anti-plasmodial activity. In an in vivo assay, knipholone anthrone displayed marginal antimalarial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Induli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Kariuki HN, Kanui TI, Yenesew A, Patel N, Mbugua PM. Antinocieptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Toddalia asiatica (L) Lam. (Rutaceae) root extract in Swiss albino mice. Pan Afr Med J 2013; 14:133. [PMID: 23734278 PMCID: PMC3670198 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2013.14.133.2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Toddalia asiatica is a commonly used medicinal plant in East Africa for the management of pain and inflammatory conditions. The present study investigated the antinociceptive and the anti-inflammatory effects of T. asiatica in Swiss albino mice. Methods The antinociceptive and the anti-inflammatory effects of T. asiatica were investigated using formalin-induced pain test and the carrageenin-induced oedema paw. The extract solvent (vehicle), aspirin and indomethacin were employed as negative and positive controls respectively. Eight mice were used in each experiment. Results In the early phase of the formalin test, the 100mg/kg dose showed no significant antinociceptive activity while the 200mg/kg showed significant (p < 0.01) antinociceptive activity. The 100 mg/kg dose showed highly significant antinociceptive activity (p < 0.001) in the late phase of the formalin test while the 200mg/kg dose showed no significant antinociceptive activity. A reduction in carragenin induced acute inflammation paw oedema was significant (p < 0.01) following administration of 100mg/kg dose but not with the 200mg/kg dose. Conclusion The present study therefore lends support to the anecdotal evidence for use of T. asiatica in the management of painful and inflammatory conditions.
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Endale M, Ekberg A, Alao JP, Akala HM, Ndakala A, Sunnerhagen P, Erdélyi M, Yenesew A. Anthraquinones of the roots of Pentas micrantha. Molecules 2012; 18:311-21. [PMID: 23271468 PMCID: PMC6270246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18010311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentas micrantha is used in the East African indigenous medicine to treat malaria. In the first investigation of this plant, the crude methanol root extract showed moderate antiplasmodial activity against the W2- (3.37 μg/mL) and D6-strains (4.00 μg/mL) of Plasmodium falciparum and low cytotoxicity (>450 μg/mL, MCF-7 cell line). Chromatographic separation of the extract yielded nine anthraquinones, of which 5,6-dihydroxylucidin-11-O-methyl ether is new. Isolation of a munjistin derivative from the genus Pentas is reported here for the first time. The isolated constituents were identified by NMR and mass spectrometric techniques and showed low antiplasmodial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milkyas Endale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annabel Ekberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John Patrick Alao
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hoseah M. Akala
- United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, MRU 64109, APO, AE 09831, USA
| | - Albert Ndakala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Per Sunnerhagen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Máté Erdélyi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Swedish NMR Center, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 465, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: (M.E.); (A.Y.); Tel.: +46-31-786-9033 (M.E.); Tel.: +254-202-444-6138 (A.Y.)
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: (M.E.); (A.Y.); Tel.: +46-31-786-9033 (M.E.); Tel.: +254-202-444-6138 (A.Y.)
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Machumi F, Yenesew A, Midiwo JO, Heydenreich M, Kleinpeter E, Tekwani BL, Khan SI, Walker LA, Muhammad I. Antiparasitic and Anticancer Carvotacetone Derivatives of Sphaeranthus bullatus. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200700902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The CH2Cl2-MeOH (1:1) extract of the aerial parts of Sphaeranthus bullatus, an annual herb native to tropical East Africa, showed activity against chloroquine sensitive D6 (IC50 9.7 μg/mL) and chloroquine resistant W2 (IC50 15.0 μg/mL) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Seventeen secondary metabolites were isolated from the extract through conventional chromatographic techniques and identified using various spectroscopic methods. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antiplasmodial, antileishmanial and anticancer activities revealing activity of four carvotacetone derivatives, namely 3-acetoxy-7-hydroxy-5-tigloyloxycarvotacetone (1), 3,7-dihydroxy-5-tigloyloxycarvotacetone (2), 3-acetoxy-5,7-dihydroxycarvotacetone (3) and 3,5,7-trihydroxy-carvotacetone (4); with antiplasmodial IC50 values of 1.40, 0.79, 0.60 and 3.40 μg/mL, respectively, against chloroquine sensitive D6 strains of P. falciparum; antiplasmodial activity of IC50 2.00, 0.90, 0.68 and 2.80 μg/mL, respectively, against chloroquine resistant W2 strains of P. falciparum; antileishmanial IC50 values of 0.70, 3.00, 0.70 and 17.00 μg/mL, respectively, against the parasite L. donovanii promastigotes, and anticancer activity against human SK-MEL, KB, BT-549 and SK-OV-3 tumor cells, with IC50 values between <1.1 - 5.3 μg/mL for 1-3. In addition, cytotoxic effects of the active compounds were evaluated against monkey kidney fibroblasts (VERO) and pig kidney epithelial cells (LLC-PK11). The structures of carvotacetone derivatives were determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy; the absolute stereochemical configuration of 3-acetoxy-7-hydroxy-5-tigloyloxycarvotacetone (1) was determined as 3 R, 4 R, 5 S by circular dichroism, specific rotation, 1H NMR and 2D NMR ROESY and NOESY experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Machumi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 (00100), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 (00100), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jacob O. Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 (00100), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Matthias Heydenreich
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, P.O. Box 60 15 53, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Erich Kleinpeter
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, P.O. Box 60 15 53, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Larry A. Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
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Machumi F, Yenesew A, Midiwo JO, Heydenreich M, Kleinpeter E, Tekwani BL, Khan SI, Walker LA, Muhammad I. Antiparasitic and anticancer carvotacetone derivatives of Sphaeranthus bullatus. Nat Prod Commun 2012; 7:1123-1126. [PMID: 23074885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The CH2Cl2-MeOH (1:1) extract of the aerial parts of Sphaeranthus bullatus, an annual herb native to tropical East Africa, showed activity against chloroquine sensitive D6 (IC50 9.7 microg/mL) and chloroquine resistant W2 (IC50 15.0 microg/mL) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Seventeen secondary metabolites were isolated from the extract through conventional chromatographic techniques and identified using various spectroscopic methods. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antiplasmodial, antileishmanial and anticancer activities revealing activity of four carvotacetone derivatives, namely 3-acetoxy-7-hydroxy-5-tigloyloxycarvotacetone (1), 3,7-dihydroxy-5-tigloyloxycarvotacetone (2), 3-acetoxy-5,7-dihydroxycarvotacetone (3) and 3,5,7-trihydroxy-carvotacetone (4); with antiplasmodial IC50 values of 1.40, 0.79, 0.60 and 3.40 microg/mL, respectively, against chloroquine sensitive D6 strains of P. falciparum; antiplasmodial activity of IC50 2.00, 0.90, 0.68 and 2.80 microg/mL, respectively, against chloroquine resistant W2 strains of P. falciparum; antileishmanial IC50 values of 0.70, 3.00, 0.70 and 17.00 microg/mL, respectively, against the parasite L. donovanii promastigotes, and anticancer activity against human SK-MEL, KB, BT-549 and SK-OV-3 tumor cells, with IC50 values between <1.1 - 5.3 microg/mL for 1-3. In addition, cytotoxic effects of the active compounds were evaluated against monkey kidney fibroblasts (VERO) and pig kidney epithelial cells (LLC-PK11). The structures of carvotacetone derivatives were determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy; the absolute stereochemical configuration of 3-acetoxy-7-hydroxy-5-tigloyloxycarvotacetone (1) was determined as 3R, 4R, 5S by circular dichroism, specific rotation, 1H NMR and 2D NMR ROESY and NOESY experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Machumi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 (00100), Nairobi, Kenya
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Yenesew A, Akala HM, Twinomuhwezi H, Chepkirui C, Irungu BN, Eyase FL, Kamatenesi-Mugisha M, Kiremire BT, Johnson JD, Waters NC. The antiplasmodial and radical scavenging activities of flavonoids of Erythrina burttii. Acta Trop 2012; 123:123-7. [PMID: 22575309 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The acetone extract of the root bark of Erythrina burttii showed in vitro antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum with IC(50) values of 0.97 ± 0.2 and 1.73 ± 0.5 μg/ml respectively. The extract also had radical scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical with an EC(50) value of 12.0 μg/ml. The isoflav-3-enes burttinol-A and burttinol-C, and the 2-arylbenzofuran derivative burttinol-D were identified as the most active antiplasmodial (IC(50)<10 μM) and free radical scavenging (EC(50)ca. 10 μM) principles. The acetone extract of E. burttii at 800 mg/kg/day, in a 4-day Plasmodium berghei ANKA suppressive test, showed in vivo antimalarial activity with 52% chemosuppression. In the same in vivo test, marginal activities were also observed for the extracts of the root and stem bark of Erythrina abyssinica and the root bark of Erythrina sacleuxii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Code 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Endale M, Ekberg A, Akala HM, Alao JP, Sunnerhagen P, Yenesew A, Erdélyi M. Busseihydroquinones A-D from the roots of Pentas bussei. J Nat Prod 2012; 75:1299-1304. [PMID: 22709138 DOI: 10.1021/np3002223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Four new naphthohydroquinones, named busseihydroquinones A-D (1-4), along with a known homoprenylated dihydronaphthoquinone (5), were isolated from the CH(2)Cl(2)/MeOH (1:1) extract of the roots of Pentas bussei. Although the genus Pentas is frequently used by traditional healers for the treatment of malaria, only marginal activities against the chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and the chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum were observed for the crude root extract and the isolated constituents of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milkyas Endale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi , P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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41
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Endale M, Alao JP, Akala HM, Rono NK, Eyase FL, Derese S, Ndakala A, Mbugua M, Walsh DS, Sunnerhagen P, Erdelyi M, Yenesew A. Antiplasmodial quinones from Pentas longiflora and Pentas lanceolata. Planta Med 2012; 78:31-35. [PMID: 21979929 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1280179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The dichloromethane/methanol (1:1) extracts of the roots of Pentas longiflora and Pentas lanceolata showed low micromolar (IC(50) = 0.9-3 µg/mL) IN VITRO antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant (W2) and chloroquine-sensitive (D6) strains of PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. Chromatographic separation of the extract of PENTAS LONGIFLORA led to the isolation of the pyranonaphthoquinones pentalongin (1) and psychorubrin (2) with IC(50) values below 1 µg/mL and the naphthalene derivative mollugin (3), which showed marginal activity. Similar treatment of Pentas lanceolata led to the isolation of eight anthraquinones ( 4-11, IC(50) = 5-31 µg/mL) of which one is new (5,6-dihydroxydamnacanthol, 11), while three--nordamnacanthal (7), lucidin-ω-methyl ether (9), and damnacanthol (10)--are reported here for the first time from the genus Pentas. The compounds were identified by NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milkyas Endale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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Machumi F, Samoylenko V, Yenesew A, Derese S, Midiwo JO, Wiggers FT, Jacob MR, Tekwani BL, Khan SI, Walker LA, Muhammad I. Antimicrobial and Antiparasitic Abietane Diterpenoids from the Roots of Clerodendrum eriophyllum. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000500605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatographic separation of the roots of a Kenyan medicinal plant, Clerodendrum eriophyllum, led to the isolation of ten abietane diterpenoids (1-10), one of which (1) was isolated for the first time from a natural source. Using spectroscopic data, the structure of 1 was determined to be 12-hydroxy-8,12-abietadiene-3,11,14-trione. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra showed that the stereochemistry of compounds 1, 3, and 6-8 belongs to the normal series of abietane diterpenes, which confirmed the absolute stereochemistry of the isolated compounds. Compounds 1-10 were evaluated for their in vitro antiplasmodial, antileishmanial, antifungal and antibacterial activities. Compounds 3 and 7 exhibited potent antifungal activity (IC50/MIC 0.58/1.25 and 0.96/2.5 μg/mL, respectively) against C. neoformans, whereas 3, 6 and 7 showed strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus with IC50/MIC values between 1.33-1.75/2.5-5 and 0.96-1.56/2.5 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, compounds 3 and 9 exhibited potent antileishmanial activity (IC50 0.08 and 0.20 μg/mL, respectively) against L. donovani, while 3 and 7 displayed weak antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, but 9 was inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Machumi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 (00100), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Volodymyr Samoylenko
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 (00100), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Solomon Derese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 (00100), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jacob O. Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 (00100), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Frank T. Wiggers
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Larry A. Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
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Machumi F, Samoylenko V, Yenesew A, Derese S, Midiwo JO, Wiggers FT, Jacob MR, Tekwani BL, Khan SI, Walker LA, Muhammad I. Antimicrobial and antiparasitic abietane diterpenoids from the roots of Clerodendrum eriophyllum. Nat Prod Commun 2010; 5:853-858. [PMID: 20614808 PMCID: PMC3697071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatographic separation of the roots of a Kenyan medicinal plant, Clerodendrum eriophyllum, led to the isolation of ten abietane diterpenoids (1-10), one of which (1) was isolated for the first time from a natural source. Using spectroscopic data, the structure of 1 was determined to be 12-hydroxy-8,12-abietadiene-3,11,14-trione. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra showed that the stereochemistry of compounds 1, 3, and 6-8 belongs to the normal series of abietane diterpenes, which confirmed the absolute stereochemistry of the isolated compounds. Compounds 1-10 were evaluated for their in vitro antiplasmodial, antileishmanial, antifungal and antibacterial activities. Compounds 3 and 7 exhibited potent antifungal activity (IC50/MIC 0.58/1.25 and 0.96/2.5 microg/mL, respectively) against C. neoformans, whereas 3, 6 and 7 showed strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus with IC50/MIC values between 1.33-1.75/2.5-5 and 0.96-1.56/2.5 microg/mL, respectively. In addition, compounds 3 and 9 exhibited potent antileishmanial activity (IC50 0.08 and 0.20 microg/mL, respectively) against L. donovani, while 3 and 7 displayed weak antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, but 9 was inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Machumi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 (00100), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Volodymyr Samoylenko
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 (00100), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Solomon Derese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 (00100), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jacob O. Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 (00100), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Frank T. Wiggers
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Larry A. Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
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Yenesew A, Twinomuhwezi H, Kabaru JM, Akala HM, Kiremire BT, Heydenreich M, Peter MG, Eyase FI, Waters NC, Walsh DS. Antiplasmodial and larvicidal flavonoids from Derris trifoliata. B CHEM SOC ETHIOPIA 2009. [DOI: 10.4314/bcse.v23i3.47665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Yenesew A, Twinomuhwezi H, Kiremire BT, Mbugua MN, Gitu PM, Heydenreich M, Peter MG. 8-Methoxyneorautenol and radical scavenging flavonoids from Erythrina abyssinica. B CHEM SOC ETHIOPIA 2009. [DOI: 10.4314/bcse.v23i2.44963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Bringmann G, Mutanyatta-Comar J, Maksimenka K, Wanjohi J, Heydenreich M, Brun R, Müller W, Peter M, Midiwo J, Yenesew A. Joziknipholones A and B: The First Dimeric Phenylanthraquinones, from the Roots ofBulbine frutescens. Chemistry 2008; 14:1420-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Guchu SM, Yenesew A, Tsanuo MK, Gikonyo NK, Pickett JA, Hooper AM, Hassanali A. C-methylated and C-prenylated isoflavonoids from root extract of Desmodium uncinatum. Phytochemistry 2007; 68:646-51. [PMID: 17234222 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2006] [Revised: 11/18/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A pterocarpan, 1,9-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-methylpterocarpan (named uncinacarpan) and two isoflavanones, 5,7-dihydroxy-2',3',4'-trimethoxy-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)isoflavanone (named uncinanone D) and 5,4'-dihydroxy-7,2'-dimethoxy-6-methylisoflavanone (named uncinanone E), were isolated from the CH(2)Cl(2) root extract of Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC and characterised by spectroscopic methods. In addition, a rare pterocarpan edudiol and two known abietane diterpenes, 7-oxo-15-hydroxydehydroabietic acid and 7-hydroxycallitrisic acid were identified. The fraction of the root extract that was analysed induced germination of Striga hermonthica seeds, but none of the isolated compounds showed this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome M Guchu
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
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Midiwo JO, Omoto FM, Yenesew A, Akala HM, Wangui J, Liyala P, Wasunna C, Waters NC. The first 9-hydroxyhomoisoflavanone, and antiplasmodial chalcones, from the aerial exudates of Polygonum senegalense. ARKIVOC 2006. [DOI: 10.3998/ark.5550190.0008.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Juma BF, Midiwo JO, Yenesew A, Waterman PG, Heydenreich M, Peter MG. Three ent-trachylobane diterpenes from the leaf exudates of Psiadia punctulata. Phytochemistry 2006; 67:1322-5. [PMID: 16766003 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2006] [Revised: 04/19/2006] [Accepted: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Three ent-trachylobane diterpenes have been isolated from the leaf exudates of Psiadia punctulata and characterised as 6alpha,17,19-ent-trachylobantriol; 2alpha,18,19-ent-trachylobantriol; and 2beta,6alpha,18,19-ent-trachylobantetraol. The structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard F Juma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P O Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya
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50
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Yenesew A, Kiplagat JT, Derese S, Midiwo JO, Kabaru JM, Heydenreich M, Peter MG. Two unusual rotenoid derivatives, 7a-O-methyl-12a-hydroxydeguelol and spiro-13-homo-13-oxaelliptone, from the seeds of Derris trifoliata. Phytochemistry 2006; 67:988-91. [PMID: 16483619 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2005] [Revised: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 01/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The crude methanol extract of the seeds of Derris trifoliata showed potent and dose dependent larvicidal activity against the 2nd instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. From this extract two unusual rotenoid derivatives, a rotenoloid (named 7a-O-methyl-12a-hydroxydeguelol) and a spirohomooxarotenoid (named spiro-13-homo-13-oxaelliptone), were isolated and characterised. In addition a rare natural chromanone (6,7-dimethoxy-4-chromanone) and the known rotenoids rotenone, tephrosin and dehydrodeguelin were identified. The structures were assigned on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. The larvicidal activity of the crude extract is mainly due to rotenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya.
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