1
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Piper NBC, Whitfield EA, Stewart GD, Xu X, Furness SGB. Targeting appetite and satiety in diabetes and obesity, via G protein-coupled receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115115. [PMID: 35671790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and obesity have reached pandemic proportions throughout the world, so much so that the World Health Organisation coined the term "Globesity" to help encapsulate the magnitude of the problem. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are highly tractable drug targets due to their wide involvement in all aspects of physiology and pathophysiology, indeed, GPCRs are the targets of approximately 30% of the currently approved drugs. GPCRs are also broadly involved in key physiologies that underlie type 2 diabetes and obesity including feeding reward, appetite and satiety, regulation of blood glucose levels, energy homeostasis and adipose function. Despite this, only two GPCRs are the target of approved pharmaceuticals for treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. In this review we discuss the role of these, and select other candidate GPCRs, involved in various facets of type 2 diabetic or obese pathophysiology, how they might be targeted and the potential reasons why pharmaceuticals against these targets have not progressed to clinical use. Finally, we provide a perspective on the current development pipeline of anti-obesity drugs that target GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah B C Piper
- Receptor Transducer Coupling Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Emily A Whitfield
- Receptor Transducer Coupling Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Gregory D Stewart
- Drug Discovery Biology Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Xiaomeng Xu
- Drug Discovery Biology Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sebastian G B Furness
- Receptor Transducer Coupling Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Drug Discovery Biology Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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2
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Daina A, Giuliano C, Pietra C, Wang J, Chi Y, Zou Z, Li F, Yan Z, Zhou Y, Guainazzi A, Garcia Rubio S, Zoete V. Rational Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Characterization of Novel Ghrelin Receptor Inverse Agonists as Potential Treatment against Obesity-Related Metabolic Diseases. J Med Chem 2018; 61:11039-11060. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Daina
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Giuliano
- Research and Preclinical Development Department, Helsinn Healthcare, CH-6912 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Pietra
- Research and Preclinical Development Department, Helsinn Healthcare, CH-6912 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Junbo Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Sundia MediTech, 388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yushi Chi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Sundia MediTech, 388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zack Zou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, Sundia MediTech, 388 Jialilue Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fugang Li
- Department of Discovery Biology, HD Biosciences, 590 Ruiqing Road Zhangjiang East Campus, Shanghai 201201, China
| | - Zhonghua Yan
- Department of Discovery Biology, HD Biosciences, 590 Ruiqing Road Zhangjiang East Campus, Shanghai 201201, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Department of Discovery Biology, HD Biosciences, 590 Ruiqing Road Zhangjiang East Campus, Shanghai 201201, China
| | - Angelo Guainazzi
- Research and Development Department, Helsinn Therapeutics (US), Inc., Iselin, New Jersey 08830, United-States
| | - Silvina Garcia Rubio
- Research and Development Department, Helsinn Therapeutics (US), Inc., Iselin, New Jersey 08830, United-States
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, Lausanne University, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Route de la Corniche 9A, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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3
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Kong J, Chuddy J, Stock IA, Loria PM, Straub SV, Vage C, Cameron KO, Bhattacharya SK, Lapham K, McClure KF, Zhang Y, Jackson VM. Pharmacological characterization of the first in class clinical candidate PF-05190457: a selective ghrelin receptor competitive antagonist with inverse agonism that increases vagal afferent firing and glucose-dependent insulin secretion ex vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1452-64. [PMID: 26784385 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ghrelin increases growth hormone secretion, gastric acid secretion, gastric motility and hunger but decreases glucose-dependent insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in humans. Antagonizing the ghrelin receptor has potential as a therapeutic approach in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the aim was to pharmacologically characterize the novel small-molecule antagonist PF-05190457 and assess translational pharmacology ex vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Radioligand binding in filter and scintillation proximity assay formats were used to evaluate affinity, and europium-labelled GTP to assess functional activity. Rat vagal afferent firing and calcium imaging in dispersed islets were used as native tissues underlying food intake and insulin secretion respectively. KEY RESULTS PF-05190457 was a potent and selective inverse agonist on constitutively active ghrelin receptors and acted as a competitive antagonist of ghrelin action, with a human Kd of 3 nM requiring 4 h to achieve equilibrium. Potency of PF-05190457 was similar across different species. PF-05190457 increased intracellular calcium within dispersed islets and increased vagal afferent firing in a concentration-dependent manner with similar potency but was threefold less potent as compared with the in vitro Ki in recombinant overexpressing cells. The effect of PF-05190457 on rodent islets was comparable with glibenclamide, but glucose-dependent and additive with the insulin secretagogue glucagon-like peptide-1. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Together, these data provide the pharmacological in vitro and ex vivo characterization of the first ghrelin receptor inverse agonist, which has advanced into clinical trials to evaluate the therapeutic potential of blocking ghrelin receptors in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kong
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, 01239, USA
| | - J Chuddy
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, 01239, USA
| | - I A Stock
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, 01239, USA
| | - P M Loria
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, 01239, USA
| | - S V Straub
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, 01239, USA
| | - C Vage
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, 01239, USA
| | - K O Cameron
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, 01239, USA
| | - S K Bhattacharya
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, 01239, USA
| | - K Lapham
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, 01239, USA
| | - K F McClure
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, 01239, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, 01239, USA
| | - V M Jackson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, 01239, USA
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4
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Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is the major source of the related hormones ghrelin and motilin, which act on structurally similar G protein-coupled receptors. Nevertheless, selective receptor agonists are available. The primary roles of endogenous ghrelin and motilin in the digestive system are to increase appetite or hedonic eating (ghrelin) and initiate phase III of gastric migrating myoelectric complexes (motilin). Ghrelin and motilin also both inhibit nausea. In clinical trials, the motilin receptor agonist camicinal increased gastric emptying, but at lower doses reduced gastroparesis symptoms and improved appetite. Ghrelin receptor agonists have been trialled for the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis because of their ability to increase gastric emptying, but with mixed results; however, relamorelin, a ghrelin agonist, reduced nausea and vomiting in patients with this disorder. Treatment of postoperative ileus with a ghrelin receptor agonist proved unsuccessful. Centrally penetrant ghrelin receptor agonists stimulate defecation in animals and humans, although ghrelin itself does not seem to control colorectal function. Thus, the most promising uses of motilin receptor agonists are the treatment of gastroparesis or conditions with slow gastric emptying, and ghrelin receptor agonists hold potential for the reduction of nausea and vomiting, and the treatment of constipation. Therapeutic, gastrointestinal roles for receptor antagonists or inverse agonists have not been identified.
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5
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Takahashi B, Funami H, Iwaki T, Maruoka H, Nagahira A, Koyama M, Kamiide Y, Matsuo T, Muto T, Annoura H. 2-Aminoalkyl nicotinamide derivatives as pure inverse agonists of the ghrelin receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2707-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Orally active ghrelin receptor inverse agonists and their actions on a rat obesity model. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4792-4803. [PMID: 26100441 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2-alkylamino nicotinamide analogs was prepared as orally active ghrelin receptor (ghrelinR) inverse agonists. Starting from compound 1, oral bioavailability was improved by modifying metabolically unstable sites and reducing molecular weight. Brain-permeable compound 33 and compound 24 with low brain permeability were tested in rat models of obesity; 30 mg/kg of compound 33 suppressed weight gain. PK/PD analysis revealed that the anti-obesity effect of ghrelinR inverse agonists depends on their brain concentrations.
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7
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Broad J, Callaghan B, Sanger GJ, Brock JA, Furness JB. Analysis of the ghrelin receptor-independent vascular actions of ulimorelin. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 752:34-9. [PMID: 25687251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ulimorelin (TZP101) is a ghrelin receptor agonist that stimulates intestinal motility, but also reduces blood pressure in rodents and humans and dilates blood vessels. It has been proposed as a treatment for intestinal motility disorders. Here we investigated the mechanisms through which ulimorelin affects vascular diameter. Actions of ulimorelin on wall tension of rodent arteries were investigated and compared with other ghrelin receptor agonists. Saphenous, mesenteric and basilar arteries were obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats (male, 8 weeks) and saphenous arteries were obtained from wild type or ghrelin receptor null mice. These were mounted in myography chambers to record artery wall tension. Ulimorelin (0.03-30µM) inhibited phenylephrine-induced contractions of rat saphenous (IC50=0.6µM; Imax=66±5%; n=3-6) and mesenteric arteries (IC50=5µM, Imax=113±16%; n=3-4), but not those contracted by U46619, ET-1 or 60mM [K(+)]. Relaxation of phenylephrine-constricted arteries was not observed with ghrelin receptor agonists TZP102, capromorelin or AZP-531. In rat saphenous and basilar arteries, ulimorelin (10-100µM) and TZP102 (10-100µM) constricted arteries (EC50=9.9µM; Emax=50±7% and EC50=8µM; Emax=99±16% respectively), an effect not attenuated by the ghrelin receptor antagonist YIL 781 3µM or mimicked by capromorelin or AZP-531. In mesenteric arteries, ulimorelin, 1-10µM, caused a surmountable rightward shift in the response to phenylephrine (0.01-1000µM; pA2=5.7; n=3-4). Ulimorelin had similar actions in mouse saphenous artery from both wild type and ghrelin receptor null mice. We conclude that ulimorelin causes vasorelaxation through competitive antagonist action at α1-adrenoceptors and a constrictor action not mediated via the ghrelin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Broad
- Neurogastroenterology group, Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Brid Callaghan
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gareth J Sanger
- Neurogastroenterology group, Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - James A Brock
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - John B Furness
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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8
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Orr STM, Beveridge R, Bhattacharya SK, Cameron KO, Coffey S, Fernando D, Hepworth D, Jackson MV, Khot V, Kosa R, Lapham K, Loria PM, McClure KF, Patel J, Rose C, Saenz J, Stock IA, Storer G, von Volkenburg M, Vrieze D, Wang G, Xiao J, Zhang Y. Evaluation and synthesis of polar aryl- and heteroaryl spiroazetidine-piperidine acetamides as ghrelin inverse agonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:156-61. [PMID: 25699143 DOI: 10.1021/ml500414n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Several polar heteroaromatic acetic acids and their piperidine amides were synthesized and evaluated as ghrelin or type 1a growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1a) inverse agonists. Efforts to improve pharmacokinetic and safety profile was achieved by modulating physicochemical properties and, more specifically, emphasizing increased polarity of our chemical series. ortho-Carboxamide containing compounds provided optimal physicochemical, pharmacologic, and safety profile. pH-dependent chemical stability was also assessed with our series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi T. M. Orr
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 10770
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ramsay Beveridge
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Samit K. Bhattacharya
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 610
Main St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kimberly O. Cameron
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 610
Main St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Steven Coffey
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Dilinie Fernando
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Hepworth
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 610
Main St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Margaret V. Jackson
- Cardiovascular
and Metabolic Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vishal Khot
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Rachel Kosa
- Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kimberly Lapham
- Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Paula M. Loria
- Primary
Pharmacology Group, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kim F. McClure
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 610
Main St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jigna Patel
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Colin Rose
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 610
Main St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James Saenz
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ingrid A. Stock
- Primary
Pharmacology Group, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregory Storer
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Maria von Volkenburg
- Cardiovascular
and Metabolic Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Derek Vrieze
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jun Xiao
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 550
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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9
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Cameron KO, Bhattacharya SK, Loomis AK. Small Molecule Ghrelin Receptor Inverse Agonists and Antagonists. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8671-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5003183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly O. Cameron
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610
Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Samit K. Bhattacharya
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610
Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - A. Katrina Loomis
- Pharmatherapeutics
Precision Medicine, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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10
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past 3 years, several patents appeared dealing with the discovery of compounds able to modulate ghrelin actions: agonists for the treatment of cachexia, as diagnostic agents for GH deficiency or for the increase in gastrointestinal motility, antagonists and inverse agonists as anorexigenic agents for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. This research has been conducted by several pharmaceutical companies and some compounds have entered clinical trials, but, to date, compounds acting on the ghrelin receptor do not represent clinical options yet. AREAS COVERED A comprehensive description and categorization of patents related to each type of compounds is provided, together with data related to these compounds that appeared in the scientific literature. EXPERT OPINION Ghrelin appears to mediate a myriad of actions, and some of these appear to be due to unknown mechanisms (a second putative ghrelin receptor, putative receptors for unacylated ghrelin); several agonists, antagonists and inverse agonists at ghrelin receptor have been developed but their mechanism of action into CNS is poorly understood. The therapeutic potential of compounds acting on ghrelin receptor is still to be fully assessed, but the results obtained to date are encouraging for the successful clinical translation of compounds able to treat several pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Costantino
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita , Via Campi 183, 41100 Modena , Italy +39 059 2055749 ; +39 059 2055131 ;
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11
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McCoull W, Barton P, Brown AJH, Bowker SS, Cameron J, Clarke DS, Davies RDM, Dossetter AG, Ertan A, Fenwick M, Green C, Holmes JL, Martin N, Masters D, Moore JE, Newcombe NJ, Newton C, Pointon H, Robb GR, Sheldon C, Stokes S, Morgan D. Identification, Optimization, and Pharmacology of Acylurea GHS-R1a Inverse Agonists. J Med Chem 2014; 57:6128-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500610n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William McCoull
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Peter Barton
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | | | | | - Jennifer Cameron
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - David S. Clarke
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | | | | | - Anne Ertan
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Mark Fenwick
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Clive Green
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Jane L. Holmes
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Nathaniel Martin
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - David Masters
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Jane E. Moore
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | | | - Claire Newton
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Helen Pointon
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Graeme R. Robb
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | | | - Stephen Stokes
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - David Morgan
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
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12
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Bhattacharya SK, Andrews K, Beveridge R, Cameron KO, Chen C, Dunn M, Fernando D, Gao H, Hepworth D, Jackson VM, Khot V, Kong J, Kosa RE, Lapham K, Loria PM, Londregan AT, McClure KF, Orr STM, Patel J, Rose C, Saenz J, Stock IA, Storer G, VanVolkenburg M, Vrieze D, Wang G, Xiao J, Zhang Y. Discovery of PF-5190457, a Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Ghrelin Receptor Inverse Agonist Clinical Candidate. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:474-9. [PMID: 24900864 DOI: 10.1021/ml400473x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of potent, highly selective orally bioavailable ghrelin receptor inverse agonists from a spiro-azetidino-piperidine series is described. Examples from this series have promising in vivo pharmacokinetics and increase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in human whole and dispersed islets. A physicochemistry-based strategy to increase lipophilic efficiency for ghrelin receptor potency and retain low clearance and satisfactory permeability while reducing off-target pharmacology led to the discovery of 16h. Compound 16h has a superior balance of ghrelin receptor pharmacology and off-target selectivity. On the basis of its promising pharmacological and safety profile, 16h was advanced to human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samit K. Bhattacharya
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kim Andrews
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ramsay Beveridge
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kimberly O. Cameron
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chiliu Chen
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew Dunn
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dilinie Fernando
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hua Gao
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David Hepworth
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - V. Margaret Jackson
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vishal Khot
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jimmy Kong
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rachel E. Kosa
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kimberly Lapham
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Paula M. Loria
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Allyn T. Londregan
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kim F. McClure
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Suvi T. M. Orr
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jigna Patel
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Colin Rose
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James Saenz
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ingrid A. Stock
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gregory Storer
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Maria VanVolkenburg
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Derek Vrieze
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jun Xiao
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Research Unit, §Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, ∥Primary Pharmacology Group, and ⊥Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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13
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McClure KF, Jackson M, Cameron KO, Kung DW, Perry DA, Orr STM, Zhang Y, Kohrt J, Tu M, Gao H, Fernando D, Jones R, Erasga N, Wang G, Polivkova J, Jiao W, Swartz R, Ueno H, Bhattacharya SK, Stock IA, Varma S, Bagdasarian V, Perez S, Kelly-Sullivan D, Wang R, Kong J, Cornelius P, Michael L, Lee E, Janssen A, Steyn SJ, Lapham K, Goosen T. Identification of potent, selective, CNS-targeted inverse agonists of the ghrelin receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5410-4. [PMID: 23953189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The optimization for selectivity and central receptor occupancy for a series of spirocyclic azetidine-piperidine inverse agonists of the ghrelin receptor is described. Decreased mAChR muscarinic M2 binding was achieved by use of a chiral indane in place of a substituted benzylic group. Compounds with desirable balance of human in vitro clearance and ex vivo central receptor occupancy were discovered by incorporation of heterocycles. Specifically, heteroaryl rings with nitrogen(s) vicinal to the indane linkage provided the most attractive overall properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim F McClure
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Discovery Biology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, United States.
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14
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McCoull W, Barton P, Broo A, Brown AJH, Clarke DS, Coope G, Davies RDM, Dossetter AG, Kelly EE, Knerr L, MacFaul P, Holmes JL, Martin N, Moore JE, Morgan D, Newton C, Österlund K, Robb GR, Rosevere E, Selmi N, Stokes S, Svensson TS, Ullah VBK, Williams EJ. Identification of pyrazolo-pyrimidinones as GHS-R1a antagonists and inverse agonists for the treatment of obesity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20340e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of indolinone derivatives as novel ghrelin receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:5623-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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16
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Identification of spirocyclic piperidine-azetidine inverse agonists of the ghrelin receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4281-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17
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Verspohl EJ. Novel Pharmacological Approaches to the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Pharmacol Rev 2012; 64:188-237. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.003319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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18
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2011; 18:83-98. [PMID: 21178692 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3283432fa7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Sabbatini F, Di Fabio R, Corsi M, Cavanni P, Bromidge S, St-Denis Y, D'Adamo L, Contini S, Rinaldi M, Guery S, Savoia C, Mundi C, Perini B, Carpenter A, Dal Forno G, Faggioni F, Tessari M, Pavone F, Di Francesco C, Buson A, Mattioli M, Perdona' E, Melotto S. Discovery Process and Characterization of Novel Carbohydrazide Derivatives as Potent and Selective GHSR1a Antagonists. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:1450-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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