1
|
Drug Design Targeting the Muscarinic Receptors and the Implications in Central Nervous System Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020398. [PMID: 35203607 PMCID: PMC8962391 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that cholinergic system function impairment plays a significant role in many central nervous system (CNS) disorders. During the past three decades, muscarinic receptors (mAChRs) have been implicated in various pathologies and have been prominent targets of drug-design efforts. However, due to the high sequence homology of the orthosteric binding site, many drug candidates resulted in limited clinical success. Although several advances in treating peripheral pathologies have been achieved, targeting CNS pathologies remains challenging for researchers. Nevertheless, significant progress has been made in recent years to develop functionally selective orthosteric and allosteric ligands targeting the mAChRs with limited side effect profiles. This review highlights past efforts and focuses on recent advances in drug design targeting these receptors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), schizophrenia (SZ), and depression.
Collapse
|
2
|
Qunies AM, Emmitte KA. Negative allosteric modulators of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors: A patent review (2015 - present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:687-708. [PMID: 33719801 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1903431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors have emerged as an attractive potential target for the development of novel CNS therapeutics in areas such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), anxiety, cognitive disorders, depression, and others. Several small molecules that act as negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) on these receptors have demonstrated efficacy and/or target engagement in animal models, and one molecule (decoglurant) has been advanced into clinical trials. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes patent applications published between January 2015 and November 2020. It is divided into three sections: (1) small molecule nonselective mGlu2/3 NAMs, (2) small molecule selective mGlu2 NAMs, and (3) small molecule selective mGlu3 NAMs. EXPERT OPINION Much progress has been made in the discovery of novel small molecule mGlu2 NAMs. Still, chemical diversity remains somewhat limited and room for expansion remains. Progress with mGlu3 NAMs has been more limited; however, some promising molecules have been disclosed. The process of elucidating the precise role of each receptor in the diseases associated with group II receptors has begun. Continued studies in animals with selective NAMs for both receptors will be critical in the coming years to inform researchers on the right compound profile and patient population for clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alshaima'a M Qunies
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Kyle A Emmitte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Felts AS, Rodriguez AL, Smith KA, Engers JL, Morrison RD, Byers FW, Blobaum AL, Locuson CW, Chang S, Venable DF, Niswender CM, Daniels JS, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW, Emmitte KA. Design of 4-Oxo-1-aryl-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamides as Selective Negative Allosteric Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2. J Med Chem 2015; 58:9027-40. [PMID: 26524606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Both orthosteric and allosteric antagonists of the group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) have been used to establish a link between mGlu2/3 inhibition and a variety of CNS diseases and disorders. Though these tools typically have good selectivity for mGlu2/3 versus the remaining six members of the mGlu family, compounds that are selective for only one of the individual group II mGlus have proved elusive. Herein we report on the discovery of a potent and highly selective mGlu2 negative allosteric modulator 58 (VU6001192) from a series of 4-oxo-1-aryl-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamides. The concept for the design of this series centered on morphing a quinoline series recently disclosed in the patent literature into a chemotype previously used for the preparation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype 1 positive allosteric modulators. Compound 58 exhibits a favorable profile and will be a useful tool for understanding the biological implications of selective inhibition of mGlu2 in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Felts
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Alice L Rodriguez
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Katrina A Smith
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Julie L Engers
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Ryan D Morrison
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Frank W Byers
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Anna L Blobaum
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Charles W Locuson
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Sichen Chang
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Daryl F Venable
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - J Scott Daniels
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kyle A Emmitte
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Kovackova S, Chang L, Bekerman E, Neveu G, Barouch-Bentov R, Chaikuad A, Heroven C, Šála M, De Jonghe S, Knapp S, Einav S, Herdewijn P. Selective Inhibitors of Cyclin G Associated Kinase (GAK) as Anti-Hepatitis C Agents. J Med Chem 2015; 58:3393-410. [PMID: 25822739 PMCID: PMC4431592 DOI: 10.1021/jm501759m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin G associated kinase (GAK) emerged as a promising drug target for the treatment of viral infections. However, no potent and selective GAK inhibitors have been reported in the literature to date. This paper describes the discovery of isothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridines as selective GAK inhibitors, with the most potent congeners displaying low nanomolar binding affinity for GAK. Cocrystallization experiments revealed that these compounds behaved as classic type I ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors. In addition, we have demonstrated that these compounds exhibit a potent activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV) by inhibiting two temporally distinct steps in the HCV life cycle (i.e., viral entry and assembly). Hence, these GAK inhibitors represent chemical probes to study GAK function in different disease areas where GAK has been implicated (including viral infection, cancer, and Parkinson's disease).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sona Kovackova
- †Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- ‡Interface Valorisation Platform, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lei Chang
- †Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- ‡Interface Valorisation Platform, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Bekerman
- §Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Gregory Neveu
- §Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Rina Barouch-Bentov
- §Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- ∥Target Discovery Institute (TDI), and Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Heroven
- ∥Target Discovery Institute (TDI), and Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Šála
- †Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- ‡Interface Valorisation Platform, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- †Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- ‡Interface Valorisation Platform, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Knapp
- ∥Target Discovery Institute (TDI), and Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Shirit Einav
- §Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- †Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- ‡Interface Valorisation Platform, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Han C, Chatterjee A, Noetzel MJ, Panarese JD, Smith E, Chase P, Hodder P, Niswender C, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW, Stauffer SR. Discovery and SAR of muscarinic receptor subtype 1 (M1) allosteric activators from a molecular libraries high throughput screen. Part 1: 2,5-dibenzyl-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolin-3(5H)-ones as positive allosteric modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 25:384-8. [PMID: 25435150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Results from a 2012 high-throughput screen of the NIH Molecular Libraries Small Molecule Repository (MLSMR) against the human muscarinic receptor subtype 1 (M1) for positive allosteric modulators is reported. A content-rich screen utilizing an intracellular calcium mobilization triple-addition protocol allowed for assessment of all three modes of pharmacology at M1, including agonist, positive allosteric modulator, and antagonist activities in a single screening platform. We disclose a dibenzyl-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolin-3(5H)-one hit (DBPQ, CID 915409) and examine N-benzyl pharmacophore/SAR relationships versus previously reported quinolin-3(5H)-ones and isatins, including ML137. SAR and consideration of recently reported crystal structures, homology modeling, and structure-function relationships using point mutations suggests a shared binding mode orientation at the putative common allosteric binding site directed by the pendant N-benzyl substructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changho Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Arindam Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Meredith J Noetzel
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joseph D Panarese
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Emery Smith
- The Scripps Research Institutes Molecular Screening Center, Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Peter Chase
- The Scripps Research Institutes Molecular Screening Center, Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | | | - Colleen Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Davie BJ, Sexton PM, Capuano B, Christopoulos A, Scammells PJ. Development of a photoactivatable allosteric ligand for the m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:902-7. [PMID: 25188871 DOI: 10.1021/cn500173x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of G protein-coupled receptor drug discovery has benefited greatly from the structural and functional insights afforded by photoactivatable ligands. One G protein-coupled receptor subfamily for which photoactivatable ligands have been developed is the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor family, though, to date, all such ligands have been designed to target the orthosteric (endogenous ligand) binding site of these receptors. Herein we report the synthesis and pharmacological investigation of a novel photoaffinity label, MIPS1455 (4), designed to bind irreversibly to an allosteric site of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor; a target of therapeutic interest for the treatment of cognitive deficits. MIPS1455 may be a valuable molecular tool for further investigating allosteric interactions at this receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Briana J. Davie
- Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ben Capuano
- Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Peter J. Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang ZQ, Shu Y, Ma L, Wittmann M, Ray W, Seager MA, Koeplinger KA, Thompson CD, Hartman G, Bilodeau MT, Kuduk SD. Discovery of naphthyl-fused 5-membered lactams as a new class of m1 positive allosteric modulators. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:604-8. [PMID: 24900888 PMCID: PMC4027734 DOI: 10.1021/ml500055h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective activation of the M1 muscarinic receptor via positive allosteric modulation represents an original approach to treat the cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease. A series of naphthyl-fused 5-membered lactams were identified as a new class of M1 positive allosteric modulators and were found to possess good potency and in vivo efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Yang
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Alzheimer’s Research, and Drug Metabolism, Merck
Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Youheng Shu
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Alzheimer’s Research, and Drug Metabolism, Merck
Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Lei Ma
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Alzheimer’s Research, and Drug Metabolism, Merck
Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Marion Wittmann
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Alzheimer’s Research, and Drug Metabolism, Merck
Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - William
J. Ray
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Alzheimer’s Research, and Drug Metabolism, Merck
Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Matthew A. Seager
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Alzheimer’s Research, and Drug Metabolism, Merck
Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Koeplinger
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Alzheimer’s Research, and Drug Metabolism, Merck
Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Charles D. Thompson
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Alzheimer’s Research, and Drug Metabolism, Merck
Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - George
D. Hartman
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Alzheimer’s Research, and Drug Metabolism, Merck
Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Mark T. Bilodeau
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Alzheimer’s Research, and Drug Metabolism, Merck
Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Scott D. Kuduk
- Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Alzheimer’s Research, and Drug Metabolism, Merck
Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sedenkova KN, Averina EB, Grishin YK, Kuznetsova TS, Zefirov NS. A novel and effective approach to 4-fluoropyrimidines. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
10
|
Melancon BJ, Tarr JC, Panarese JD, Wood MR, Lindsley CW. Allosteric modulation of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor: improving cognition and a potential treatment for schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:1185-99. [PMID: 24051397 PMCID: PMC3876030 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric modulation of AMPA, NR2B, mGlu2, mGlu5 and M1, targeting glutamatergic dysfunction, represents a significant area of research for the treatment of schizophrenia. Of these targets, clinical promise has been demonstrated using muscarinic activators for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia. These diseases have inspired researchers to determine the effects of modulating cholinergic transmission in the forebrain, which is primarily regulated by one of five subtypes of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR), a subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Of these five subtypes, M1 is highly expressed in brain regions responsible for learning, cognition and memory. Xanomeline, an orthosteric muscarinic agonist with modest selectivity, was one of the first compounds that displayed improvements in behavioral disturbances in AD patients and efficacy in schizophrenics. Since these initial clinical results, many scientists, including those in our laboratories, have strived to elucidate the role of M1 with compounds that display improved selectivity for this receptor by targeting allosteric modes of receptor activation. A survey of selected compounds in this area will be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce J Melancon
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1205 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232-6600, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Davie BJ, Christopoulos A, Scammells PJ. Development of M1 mAChR allosteric and bitopic ligands: prospective therapeutics for the treatment of cognitive deficits. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:1026-48. [PMID: 23659787 PMCID: PMC3715844 DOI: 10.1021/cn400086m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the cholinergic hypothesis of memory dysfunction was first reported, extensive research efforts have focused on elucidating the mechanisms by which this intricate system contributes to the regulation of processes such as learning, memory, and higher executive function. Several cholinergic therapeutic targets for the treatment of cognitive deficits, psychotic symptoms, and the underlying pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, have since emerged. Clinically approved drugs now exist for some of these targets; however, they all may be considered suboptimal therapeutics in that they produce undesirable off-target activity leading to side effects, fail to address the wide variety of symptoms and underlying pathophysiology that characterize these disorders, and/or afford little to no therapeutic effect in subsets of patient populations. A promising target for which there are presently no approved therapies is the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1 mAChR). Despite avid investigation, development of agents that selectively activate this receptor via the orthosteric site has been hampered by the high sequence homology of the binding site between the five muscarinic receptor subtypes and the wide distribution of this receptor family in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the periphery. Hence, a plethora of ligands targeting less structurally conserved allosteric sites of the M1 mAChR have been investigated. This Review aims to explain the rationale behind allosterically targeting the M1 mAChR, comprehensively summarize and critically evaluate the M1 mAChR allosteric ligand literature to date, highlight the challenges inherent in allosteric ligand investigation that are impeding their clinical advancement, and discuss potential methods for resolving these issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Briana J. Davie
- Medicinal
Chemistry and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal
Parade, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Medicinal
Chemistry and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal
Parade, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Peter J. Scammells
- Medicinal
Chemistry and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal
Parade, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Efficient synthesis of novel thieno[3,2-b]-, [2,3-c]- and [3,2-c]pyridones by Sonogashira coupling of bromothiophenes with terminal alkynes and subsequent intramolecular C–N bond-forming reaction. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
13
|
Kuduk SD, Chang RK, Greshock T, Ray WJ, Ma L, Wittmann M, Seager MA, Koeplinger KA, Thompson CD, Hartman G, Bilodeau MT. Identification of amides as carboxylic Acid surrogates for quinolizidinone-based m1 positive allosteric modulators. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:1070-4. [PMID: 24900430 PMCID: PMC4025801 DOI: 10.1021/ml300280g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective activation of the M1 muscarinic receptor via positive allosteric modulation represents an approach to treat the cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease. A series of amides were examined as a replacement for the carboxylic acid moiety in a class of quinolizidinone carboxylic acid M1 muscarinic receptor positive allosteric modulators, and leading pyran 4o and cyclohexane 5c were found to possess good potency and in vivo efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott D. Kuduk
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Alzheimer's Research, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown
Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Ronald K. Chang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Alzheimer's Research, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown
Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Thomas
J. Greshock
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Alzheimer's Research, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown
Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - William J. Ray
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Alzheimer's Research, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown
Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Lei Ma
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Alzheimer's Research, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown
Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Marion Wittmann
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Alzheimer's Research, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown
Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Matthew A. Seager
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Alzheimer's Research, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown
Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Koeplinger
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Alzheimer's Research, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown
Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Charles D. Thompson
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Alzheimer's Research, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown
Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - George
D. Hartman
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Alzheimer's Research, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown
Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Mark T. Bilodeau
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Alzheimer's Research, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown
Pike, P.O. Box 4, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lebois EP, Digby GJ, Sheffler DJ, Melancon BJ, Tarr JC, Cho HP, Miller NR, Morrison R, Bridges TM, Xiang Z, Daniels JS, Wood MR, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW. Development of a highly selective, orally bioavailable and CNS penetrant M1 agonist derived from the MLPCN probe ML071. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6451-5. [PMID: 21930376 PMCID: PMC3190051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the discovery and SAR of a novel series of M(1) agonists based on the MLPCN probe, ML071. From this, VU0364572 emerged as a potent, orally bioavailable and CNS penetrant M(1) agonist with high selectivity, clean ancillary pharmacology and enantiospecific activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan P. Lebois
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gregory J. Digby
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Douglas J. Sheffler
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bruce J. Melancon
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James C. Tarr
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hyekyung P. Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Ryan Morrison
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas M. Bridges
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Zixiu Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - J. Scott Daniels
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael R. Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kuduk SD, Chang RK, Di Marco CN, Pitts DR, Greshock TJ, Ma L, Wittmann M, Seager MA, Koeplinger KA, Thompson CD, Hartman GD, Bilodeau MT, Ray WJ. Discovery of a selective allosteric M1 receptor modulator with suitable development properties based on a quinolizidinone carboxylic acid scaffold. J Med Chem 2011; 54:4773-80. [PMID: 21682298 DOI: 10.1021/jm200400m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One approach to ameliorate the cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been to restore neuronal signaling from the basal forebrain cholinergic system via the activation of the M(1) muscarinic receptor. A number of nonselective M(1) muscarinic agonists have previously shown positive effects on cognitive behaviors in AD patients, but were limited due to cholinergic adverse events thought to be mediated by the activation of the M(2) to M(5) subtypes. One strategy to confer selectivity for M(1) is the identification of positive allosteric modulators, which would target an allosteric site on the M(1) receptor rather than the highly conserved orthosteric acetylcholine binding site. Quinoline carboxylic acids have been previously identified as highly selective M(1) positive allosteric modulators with good pharmacokinetic and in vivo properties. Herein is described the optimization of a novel quinolizidinone carboxylic acid scaffold with 4-cyanopiperidines being a key discovery in terms of enhanced activity. In particular, modulator 4i gave high plasma free fractions, enhanced central nervous system (CNS) exposure, was efficacious in a rodent in vivo model of cognition, and afforded good physicochemical properties suitable for further preclinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Kuduk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kuduk SD, Chang RK, Di Marco CN, Ray WJ, Ma L, Wittmann M, Seager MA, Koeplinger KA, Thompson CD, Hartman GD, Bilodeau MT. Quinolizidinone carboxylic acids as CNS penetrant, selective m1 allosteric muscarinic receptor modulators. ACS Med Chem Lett 2010; 1:263-7. [PMID: 24900206 PMCID: PMC4007972 DOI: 10.1021/ml100095k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulation of the M1 muscarinic receptor represents an approach to treat the cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Replacement of a quinolone ring system in a quinolone carboxylic acid series of M1 modulators with a quinolizidinone bearing a basic amine linkage led to a series of compounds with higher free fraction, enhanced CNS exposure, and improved efficacy in rodent in vivo models of cognition.
Collapse
|