1
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Stewart R, Sharma S, Wu T, Okuda S, Xie G, Zhou XZ, Shilton B, Lu KP. The role of the master cancer regulator Pin1 in the development and treatment of cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1343938. [PMID: 38745861 PMCID: PMC11091292 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1343938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This review examines the complex role of Pin1 in the development and treatment of cancer. Pin1 is the only peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) that can recognize and isomerize phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro peptide bonds. Pin1 catalyzes a structural change in phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro motifs that can modulate protein function and thereby impact cell cycle regulation and tumorigenesis. The molecular mechanisms by which Pin1 contributes to oncogenesis are reviewed, including Pin1 overexpression and its correlation with poor cancer prognosis, and the contribution of Pin1 to aggressive tumor phenotypes involved in therapeutic resistance is discussed, with an emphasis on cancer stem cells, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and immunosuppression. The therapeutic potential of Pin1 inhibition in cancer is discussed, along with the promise and the difficulties in identifying potent, drug-like, small-molecule Pin1 inhibitors. The available evidence supports the efficacy of targeting Pin1 as a novel cancer therapeutic by analyzing the role of Pin1 in a complex network of cancer-driving pathways and illustrating the potential of synergistic drug combinations with Pin1 inhibitors for treating aggressive and drug-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Shaunik Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sho Okuda
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - George Xie
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Shilton
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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2
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Bai Y, Yuan Z, Yuan S, He Z. Recent advances of Pin1 inhibitors as potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107171. [PMID: 38325131 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Pin1 (proline isomerase peptidyl-prolyl isomerase NIMA-interacting-1), as a member of PPIase family, catalyzes cis-trans isomerization of pThr/Ser-Pro amide bonds of its substrate proteins, further regulating cell proliferation, division, apoptosis, and transformation. Pin1 is overexpressed in various cancers and is positively correlated with tumor initiation and progression. Pin1 inhibition can effectively reduce tumor growth and cancer stem cell expansion, block metastatic spread, and restore chemosensitivity, suggesting that targeting Pin1 may be an effective strategy for cancer treatment. Considering the promising therapeutic effects of Pin1 inhibitors on cancers, we herein are intended to comprehensively summarize the reported Pin1 inhibitors, mainly highlighting their structures, biological functions and binding modes, in hope of providing a reference for the future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Bai
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Ziqiao Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China.
| | - Zhangxu He
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046 Zhengzhou, China.
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3
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Stadler GR, Segawa TF, Bütikofer M, Decker V, Loss S, Czarniecki B, Torres F, Riek R. Fragment Screening and Fast Micromolar Detection on a Benchtop NMR Spectrometer Boosted by Photoinduced Hyperpolarization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308692. [PMID: 37524651 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Fragment-based drug design is a well-established strategy for rational drug design, with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) on high-field spectrometers as the method of reference for screening and hit validation. However, high-field NMR spectrometers are not only expensive, but require specialized maintenance, dedicated space, and depend on liquid helium cooling which became critical over the recurring global helium shortages. We propose an alternative to high-field NMR screening by applying the recently developed approach of fragment screening by photoinduced hyperpolarized NMR on a cryogen-free 80 MHz benchtop NMR spectrometer yielding signal enhancements of up to three orders in magnitude. It is demonstrated that it is possible to discover new hits and kick-off drug design using a benchtop NMR spectrometer at low micromolar concentrations of both protein and ligand. The approach presented performs at higher speed than state-of-the-art high-field NMR approaches while exhibiting a limit of detection in the nanomolar range. Photoinduced hyperpolarization is known to be inexpensive and simple to be implemented, which aligns greatly with the philosophy of benchtop NMR spectrometers. These findings open the way for the use of benchtop NMR in near-physiological conditions for drug design and further life science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela R Stadler
- ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute for Molecular Physical Science, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Takuya F Segawa
- ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Bütikofer
- ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute for Molecular Physical Science, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Venita Decker
- Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Rudolf-Plank-Strasse 23, 76275, Ettlingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Loss
- Bruker Switzerland AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117, Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Czarniecki
- Bruker Switzerland AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117, Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Felix Torres
- ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute for Molecular Physical Science, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- NexMR GmbH, Wiesenstrasse 10 A, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Roland Riek
- ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute for Molecular Physical Science, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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4
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Torres F, Stadler G, Kwiatkowski W, Orts J. A Benchmark Study of Protein-Fragment Complex Structure Calculations with NMR 2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14329. [PMID: 37762631 PMCID: PMC10531959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-fragment complex structures are particularly sought after in medicinal chemistry to rationally design lead molecules. These structures are usually derived using X-ray crystallography, but the failure rate is non-neglectable. NMR is a possible alternative for the calculation of weakly interacting complexes. Nevertheless, the time-consuming protein signal assignment step remains a barrier to its routine application. NMR Molecular Replacement (NMR2) is a versatile and rapid method that enables the elucidation of a protein-ligand complex structure. It has been successfully applied to peptides, drug-like molecules, and more recently to fragments. Due to the small size of the fragments, ca < 300 Da, solving the structures of the protein-fragment complexes is particularly challenging. Here, we present the expected performances of NMR2 when applied to protein-fragment complexes. The NMR2 approach has been benchmarked with the SERAPhic fragment library to identify the technical challenges in protein-fragment NMR structure calculation. A straightforward strategy is proposed to increase the method's success rate further. The presented work confirms that NMR2 is an alternative method to X-ray crystallography for solving protein-fragment complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Torres
- Institute of Molecular Physical Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH-Hönggerberg, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland (G.S.); (W.K.)
| | - Gabriela Stadler
- Institute of Molecular Physical Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH-Hönggerberg, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland (G.S.); (W.K.)
| | - Witek Kwiatkowski
- Institute of Molecular Physical Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH-Hönggerberg, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland (G.S.); (W.K.)
| | - Julien Orts
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Zhang J, Zhou W, Chen Y, Wang Y, Guo Z, Hu W, Li Y, Han X, Si S. Small molecules targeting Pin1 as potent anticancer drugs. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1073037. [PMID: 37050909 PMCID: PMC10083437 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1073037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pin1 is a member of the evolutionarily conserved peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) family of proteins. Following phosphorylation, Pin1-catalyzed prolyl-isomerization induces conformational changes, which serve to regulate the function of many phosphorylated proteins that play important roles during oncogenesis. Thus, the inhibition of Pin1 provides a unique means of disrupting oncogenic pathways and therefore represents an appealing target for novel anticancer therapies.Methods: As Pin1 is conserved between yeast and humans, we employed budding yeast to establish a high-throughput screening method for the primary screening of Pin1 inhibitors. This effort culminated in the identification of the compounds HWH8-33 and HWH8-36. Multifaceted approaches were taken to determine the inhibition profiles of these compounds against Pin1 activity in vitro and in vivo, including an isomerization assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology, virtual docking, MTT proliferation assay, western blotting, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis analysis, immunofluorescence analysis, wound healing, migration assay, and nude mouse assay.Results:In vitro, HWH8-33 and HWH8-36 could bind to purified Pin1 and inhibited its enzyme activity; showed inhibitory effects on cancer cell proliferation; led to G2/M phase arrest, dysregulated downstream protein expression, and apoptosis; and suppressed cancer cell migration. In vivo, HWH8-33 suppressed tumor growth in the xenograft mice after oral administration for 4 weeks, with no noticeable toxicity. Together, these results show the anticancer activity of HWH8-33 and HWH8-36 against Pin1 for the first time.Conclusion: In summary, we identified two hit compounds HWH8-33 and HWH8-36, which after further structure optimization have the potential to be developed as antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyu Chen
- Institute for Drug Screening and Evaluation, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yanchang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Zongru Guo
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Li, ; Xiaomin Han, ; Shuyi Si,
| | - Xiaomin Han
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Li, ; Xiaomin Han, ; Shuyi Si,
| | - Shuyi Si
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Li, ; Xiaomin Han, ; Shuyi Si,
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6
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Chen XR, Igumenova TI. Regulation of eukaryotic protein kinases by Pin1, a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase. Adv Biol Regul 2023; 87:100938. [PMID: 36496344 PMCID: PMC9992314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 cooperates with proline-directed kinases and phosphatases to regulate multiple oncogenic pathways. Pin1 specifically recognizes phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro motifs in proteins and catalyzes their cis-trans isomerization. The Pin1-catalyzed conformational changes determine the stability, activity, and subcellular localization of numerous protein substrates. We conducted a survey of eukaryotic protein kinases that are regulated by Pin1 and whose Pin1 binding sites have been identified. Our analyses reveal that Pin1 target sites in kinases do not fall exclusively within the intrinsically disordered regions of these enzymes. Rather, they fall into three groups based on their location: (i) within the catalytic kinase domain, (ii) in the C-terminal kinase region, and (iii) in regulatory domains. Some of the kinases downregulated by Pin1 activity are tumor-suppressing, and all kinases upregulated by Pin1 activity are functionally pro-oncogenic. These findings further reinforce the rationale for developing Pin1-specific inhibitors as attractive pharmaceuticals for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ru Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Tatyana I Igumenova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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7
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Pokharna A, Torres F, Kadavath H, Orts J, Riek R. An improved, time-efficient approach to extract accurate distance restraints for NMR 2 structure calculation. MAGNETIC RESONANCE (GOTTINGEN, GERMANY) 2022; 3:137-144. [PMID: 37904864 PMCID: PMC10539809 DOI: 10.5194/mr-3-137-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Exact nuclear Overhauser enhancement (eNOE) yields highly accurate, ensemble averaged 1 H-1 H distance restraints with an accuracy of up to 0.1 Å for the multi-state structure determination of proteins as well as for nuclear magnetic resonance molecular replacement (N MR2 ) to determine the structure of the protein-ligand interaction site in a time-efficient manner. However, in the latter application, the acquired eNOEs lack the obtainable precision of 0.1 Å because of the asymmetrical nature of the filtered nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (NOESY) experiment used in N MR2 . This error is further propagated to the eNOE equations used to fit and extract the distance restraints. In this work, a new analysis method is proposed to obtain inter-molecular distance restraints from the filtered NOESY spectrum more accurately and intuitively by dividing the NOE cross peak by the corresponding diagonal peak of the ligand. The method termed diagonal-normalised eNOEs was tested on the data acquired by on the complex of PIN1 and a small, weak-binding phenylimidazole fragment. N MR2 calculations performed using the distances derived from diagonal-normalised eNOEs yielded the right orientation of the fragment in the binding pocket and produced a structure that more closely resembles the benchmark X-ray structure (2XP6) with an average heavy-atom root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of 1.681 Å with respect to it, when compared to the one produced with traditional N MR2 with an average heavy atom RMSD of 3.628 Å. This is attributed to the higher precision of the evaluated distance restraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Pokharna
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, HCI F217, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Torres
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, HCI F217, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Harindranath Kadavath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 2F 353, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julien Orts
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 2F 353, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Riek
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, HCI F217, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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8
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Pedroso
de Lima F, Lence E, Suárez de Cepeda P, Correia C, Carvalho MA, González-Bello C, Proença MF. Regioselective Synthesis of 2-Aryl-5-cyano-1-(2-hydroxyaryl)-1 H-imidazole-4-carboxamides Self-Assisted by a 2-Hydroxyaryl Group. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23289-23301. [PMID: 35847303 PMCID: PMC9280940 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of the diaminomaleonitrile-based imines containing hydroxyphenyl substituents with diverse aromatic aldehydes has been explored for the synthesis of novel highly substituted nitrogen heterocycles, which are considered privileged scaffolds in drug discovery. We report here a simple and efficient method for the regiocontrolled synthesis of a variety of 2-aryl-5-cyano-1-(2-hydroxyaryl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamides from 2-hydroxybenzylidene imines and aromatic aldehydes. Computational studies on the reaction path revealed that the regioselectivity of the reaction toward the formation of imidazole derivatives instead of 1,2-dihydropyrazines, most likely via a diaza-Cope rearrangement, is driven by the 2-hydroxyaryl group in the scaffold. The latter group promotes the intramolecular abstraction and protonation process in the cycloadduct intermediate, triggering the evolution of the reaction toward the formation of imidazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Pedroso
de Lima
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Emilio Lence
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pilar Suárez de Cepeda
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carla Correia
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - M. Alice Carvalho
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Concepción González-Bello
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M. Fernanda Proença
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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9
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Relitti N, Saraswati AP, Carullo G, Papa A, Monti A, Benedetti R, Passaro E, Brogi S, Calderone V, Butini S, Gemma S, Altucci L, Campiani G, Doti N. Design and Synthesis of New Oligopeptidic Parvulin Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200050. [PMID: 35357776 PMCID: PMC9321596 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Pin1 catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of pThr-Pro or pSer-Pro amide bonds of different proteins involved in several physio/pathological processes. In this framework, recent research activity is directed towards the identification of new selective Pin1 inhibitors. Here, we developed a set ( 5a - p ) of peptide-based Pin1 inhibitors. Direct-binding experiments allowed the identification of the peptide-based inhibitor 5k as a potent ligand of Pin1. Notably, 5k binds Pin1 with a higher affinity compared to Pin4. The comparative analysis of molecular models of Pin1 and Pin4 with the selected compound, gave a rational explanation of the biochemical activity, and pinpointed the chemical elements that, if opportunely modified, may further improve inhibitory potency, pharmacological properties and selectivity of future peptide-based Parvulin inhibitors. Since 5k showed a limited cell penetration and no antiproliferative activity, it was conjugated to a polyarginine stretch, known to promote cell penetration of peptides, to obtain R8-5k derivative, which displayed an anti-proliferative effect on cancer cell lines compared to non-tumor cells. The effect of R8 on cell proliferation was also investigated. This work doubts the application of the R8 strategy for the development of cell penetrating antiproliferative peptides since it is not inert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Relitti
- University of Siena: Universita degli Studi di Siena, DBCF, ITALY
| | | | - Gabriele Carullo
- University of Siena: Universita degli Studi di Siena, DBCF, 2, Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena Italy, 53100, Siena, ITALY
| | - Alessandro Papa
- University of Siena: Universita degli Studi di Siena, DBCF, ITALY
| | | | - Rosaria Benedetti
- University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli: Universita degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Medicine, ITALY
| | - Eugenia Passaro
- University of Pisa Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Farmacia, Pharmacy, ITALY
| | - Simone Brogi
- University of Pisa Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Farmacia, Pharmacy, ITALY
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- University of Pisa Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Farmacia, Pharmacy, ITALY
| | - Stefania Butini
- University of Siena: Universita degli Studi di Siena, DBCF, ITALY
| | - Sandra Gemma
- University of Siena: Universita degli Studi di Siena, DBCF, ITALY
| | - Lucia Altucci
- University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli: Universita degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Medicine, ITALY
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Universita degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, ITALY
| | - Nunzianna Doti
- CNR: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bioimaging, ITALY
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10
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Poli G, Di Stefano M, Estevez JA, Minutolo F, Granchi C, Giordano A, Parisi S, Mauceri M, Canzonieri V, Macchia M, Caligiuri I, Tuccinardi T, Rizzolio F. New PIN1 inhibitors identified through a pharmacophore-driven, hierarchical consensus docking strategy. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 37:145-150. [PMID: 34894990 PMCID: PMC8667921 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1979970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PIN1 is considered as a therapeutic target for a wide variety of tumours. However, most of known inhibitors are devoid of cellular activity despite their good enzyme inhibitory profile. Hence, the lack of effective compounds for the clinic makes the identification of novel PIN1 inhibitors a hot topic in the medicinal chemistry field. In this work, we reported a virtual screening study for the identification of new promising PIN1 inhibitors. A receptor-based procedure was applied to screen different chemical databases of commercial compounds. Based on the whole workflow, two compounds were selected and biologically evaluated. Both ligands, compounds VS1 and VS2, showed a good enzyme inhibitory activity and VS2 also demonstrated a promising antitumoral activity in ovarian cancer cells. These results confirmed the reliability of our in silico protocol and provided a structurally novel ligand as a valuable starting point for the development of new PIN1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Salvatore Parisi
- Pathology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Matteo Mauceri
- Pathology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venezia, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venezia, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
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11
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Green H, Durrant JD. DeepFrag: An Open-Source Browser App for Deep-Learning Lead Optimization. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:2523-2529. [PMID: 34029094 PMCID: PMC8243318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lead optimization, a critical step in early stage drug discovery, involves making chemical modifications to a small-molecule ligand to improve properties such as binding affinity. We recently developed DeepFrag, a deep-learning model capable of recommending such modifications. Though a powerful hypothesis-generating tool, DeepFrag is currently implemented in Python and so requires a certain degree of computational expertise. To encourage broader adoption, we have created the DeepFrag browser app, which provides a user-friendly graphical user interface that runs the DeepFrag model in users' web browsers. The browser app does not require users to upload their molecular structures to a third-party server, nor does it require the separate installation of any third-party software. We are hopeful that the app will be a useful tool for both researchers and students. It can be accessed free of charge, without registration, at http://durrantlab.com/deepfrag. The source code is also available at http://git.durrantlab.com/jdurrant/deepfrag-app, released under the terms of the open-source Apache License, Version 2.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Green
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jacob D. Durrant
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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12
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Green H, Koes DR, Durrant JD. DeepFrag: a deep convolutional neural network for fragment-based lead optimization. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8036-8047. [PMID: 34194693 PMCID: PMC8208308 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00163a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Machine learning has been increasingly applied to the field of computer-aided drug discovery in recent years, leading to notable advances in binding-affinity prediction, virtual screening, and QSAR. Surprisingly, it is less often applied to lead optimization, the process of identifying chemical fragments that might be added to a known ligand to improve its binding affinity. We here describe a deep convolutional neural network that predicts appropriate fragments given the structure of a receptor/ligand complex. In an independent benchmark of known ligands with missing (deleted) fragments, our DeepFrag model selected the known (correct) fragment from a set over 6500 about 58% of the time. Even when the known/correct fragment was not selected, the top fragment was often chemically similar and may well represent a valid substitution. We release our trained DeepFrag model and associated software under the terms of the Apache License, Version 2.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Green
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - David R Koes
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - Jacob D Durrant
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
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13
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Targeting Pin1 for Modulation of Cell Motility and Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040359. [PMID: 33807199 PMCID: PMC8065645 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) specifically binds and isomerizes the phosphorylated serine/threonine-proline (pSer/Thr-Pro) motif, which leads to changes in protein conformation and function. Pin1 is widely overexpressed in cancers and plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Mounting evidence has revealed that targeting Pin1 is a potential therapeutic approach for various cancers by inhibiting cell proliferation, reducing metastasis, and maintaining genome stability. In this review, we summarize the underlying mechanisms of Pin1-mediated upregulation of oncogenes and downregulation of tumor suppressors in cancer development. Furthermore, we also discuss the multiple roles of Pin1 in cancer hallmarks and examine Pin1 as a desirable pharmaceutical target for cancer therapy. We also summarize the recent progress of Pin1-targeted small-molecule compounds for anticancer activity.
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14
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Li J, Mo C, Guo Y, Zhang B, Feng X, Si Q, Wu X, Zhao Z, Gong L, He D, Shao J. Roles of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 in disease pathogenesis. Theranostics 2021; 11:3348-3358. [PMID: 33537091 PMCID: PMC7847688 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pin1 belongs to the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases) superfamily and catalyzes the cis-trans conversion of proline in target substrates to modulate diverse cellular functions including cell cycle progression, cell motility, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of Pin1 has wide-ranging influences on the fate of cells; therefore, it is closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge of Pin1 in disease pathogenesis.
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15
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Schwarz DC, Williams SK, Dillenburg M, Wagner CR, Gestwicki JE. A Phosphoramidate Strategy Enables Membrane Permeability of a Non-nucleotide Inhibitor of the Prolyl Isomerase Pin1. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1704-1710. [PMID: 32944137 PMCID: PMC7488286 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane permeability of nucleotide-based drugs, such as sofosbuvir (Sovaldi), requires installation of phosphate-caging groups. One strategy, termed "ProTide", masks the anionic phosphate through an N-linked amino ester and an O-linked aromatic phospho-ester, such that release of the active drug requires consecutive enzymatic liberation by an esterase and then a phosphoramidase, such as Hint1. Because Hint1 is known to be selective for nucleotides, it was not clear if the ProTide approach could be deployed for non-nucleotides. Here, we demonstrate that caging of a phosphate-containing inhibitor of the prolyl isomerase Pin1 increases its permeability. Moreover, this compound was processed by both esterase and phosphoramidase activity, releasing the active molecule to bind and inhibit Pin1 in cells. Thus, Hint1 appears to recognize a broader set of substrates than previously appreciated. It seems possible that other potent, but impermeable, phosphate-containing inhibitors might likewise benefit from this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
M. C. Schwarz
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Sarah K. Williams
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Maxwell Dillenburg
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Carston R. Wagner
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jason E. Gestwicki
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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16
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Scheuplein NJ, Bzdyl NM, Kibble EA, Lohr T, Holzgrabe U, Sarkar-Tyson M. Targeting Protein Folding: A Novel Approach for the Treatment of Pathogenic Bacteria. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13355-13388. [PMID: 32786507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, exacerbated by increasing antibiotic resistance in many bacterial species. The development of drugs with new modes of action is essential. A leading strategy is antivirulence, with the aim to target bacterial proteins that are important in disease causation and progression but do not affect growth, resulting in reduced selective pressure for resistance. Immunophilins, a superfamily of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) enzymes have been shown to be important for virulence in a broad-spectrum of pathogenic bacteria. This Perspective will provide an overview of the recent advances made in understanding the role of each immunophilin family, cyclophilins, FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs), and parvulins in bacteria. Inhibitor design and medicinal chemistry strategies for development of novel drugs against bacterial FKBPs will be discussed. Furthermore, drugs against human cyclophilins and parvulins will be reviewed in their current indication as antiviral and anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J Scheuplein
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicole M Bzdyl
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009 Perth, Australia
| | - Emily A Kibble
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009 Perth, Australia.,School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 6150 Murdoch, Australia
| | - Theresa Lohr
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mitali Sarkar-Tyson
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009 Perth, Australia
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17
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Nakatsu Y, Matsunaga Y, Ueda K, Yamamotoya T, Inoue Y, Inoue MK, Mizuno Y, Kushiyama A, Ono H, Fujishiro M, Ito H, Okabe T, Asano T. Development of Pin1 Inhibitors and their Potential as Therapeutic Agents. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3314-3329. [PMID: 30394205 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181105120911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The prolyl isomerase Pin1 is a unique enzyme, which isomerizes the cis-trans conformation between pSer/pThr and proline and thereby regulates the function, stability and/or subcellular distribution of its target proteins. Such regulations by Pin1 are involved in numerous physiological functions as well as the pathogenic mechanisms underlying various diseases. Notably, Pin1 deficiency or inactivation is a potential cause of Alzheimer's disease, since Pin1 induces the degradation of Tau. In contrast, Pin1 overexpression is highly correlated with the degree of malignancy of cancers, as Pin1 controls a number of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Accordingly, Pin1 inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs have been developed. Interestingly, recent intensive studies have demonstrated Pin1 to be responsible for the onset or development of nonalcoholic steatosis, obesity, atherosclerosis, lung fibrosis, heart failure and so on, all of which have been experimentally induced in Pin1 deficient mice. In this review, we discuss the possible applications of Pin1 inhibitors to a variety of diseases including malignant tumors and also introduce the recent advances in Pin1 inhibitor research, which have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nakatsu
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yasuka Matsunaga
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamotoya
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yuki Inoue
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masa-Ki Inoue
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yu Mizuno
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kushiyama
- The Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0002, Japan
| | - Hiraku Ono
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba City, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Midori Fujishiro
- The Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hisanaka Ito
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Okabe
- Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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18
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Torres F, Ghosh D, Strotz D, Chi CN, Davis B, Orts J. Protein-fragment complex structures derived by NMR molecular replacement. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:591-596. [PMID: 33479661 PMCID: PMC7649837 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00068j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently we have established an NMR molecular replacement method, which is capable of solving the structure of the interaction site of protein-ligand complexes in a fully automated manner. While the method was successfully applied for ligands with strong and weak binding affinities, including small molecules and peptides, its applicability on ligand fragments remains to be shown. Structures of fragment-protein complexes are more challenging for the method since fragments contain only few protons. Here we show a successful application of the NMR molecular replacement method in solving structures of complexes between three derivatives of a ligand fragment and the protein receptor PIN1. We anticipate that this approach will find a broad application in fragment-based lead discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Torres
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry , ETH , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , HCI F217, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - Dhiman Ghosh
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry , ETH , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , HCI F217, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - Dean Strotz
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry , ETH , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , HCI F217, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - Celestine N Chi
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry , ETH , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , HCI F217, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - Ben Davis
- Vernalis , Granta Park , Cambridge , UK
| | - Julien Orts
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry , ETH , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , HCI F217, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
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19
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Yu JH, Im CY, Min SH. Function of PIN1 in Cancer Development and Its Inhibitors as Cancer Therapeutics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:120. [PMID: 32258027 PMCID: PMC7089927 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PIN1) specifically binds and isomerizes the phosphorylated serine/threonine-proline (pSer/Thr-Pro) motif, which results in the alteration of protein structure, function, and stability. The altered structure and function of these phosphorylated proteins regulated by PIN1 are closely related to cancer development. PIN1 is highly expressed in human cancers and promotes cancer as well as cancer stem cells by breaking the balance of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. In this review, we discuss the roles of PIN1 in cancer and PIN1-targeted small-molecule compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Yu
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chun Young Im
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Min
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, South Korea
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20
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Brusina MA, Nikolaev DN, Piotrovskiy LB. Synthesis of substituted imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acids. Russ Chem Bull 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Structure-Based Design of Novel Benzimidazole Derivatives as Pin1 Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071198. [PMID: 30934730 PMCID: PMC6479814 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 plays a key role in amplifying and translating multiple oncogenic signaling pathways during oncogenesis. The blockade of Pin1 provided a unique way of disrupting multiple oncogenic pathways and inducing apoptosis. Aiming to develop potent Pin1 inhibitors, a series of benzimidazole derivatives were designed and synthesized. Among the derivatives, compounds 6h and 13g showed the most potent Pin1 inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.64 and 0.37 μM, respectively. In vitro antiproliferative assay demonstrated that compounds 6d, 6g, 6h, 6n, 6o and 7c exhibited moderate antiproliferative activity against human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Taken together, these unique benzimidazole derivatives exhibited great potential to be further explored as potent Pin1 inhibitors with improved potency.
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22
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El Boustani M, De Stefano L, Caligiuri I, Mouawad N, Granchi C, Canzonieri V, Tuccinardi T, Giordano A, Rizzolio F. A Guide to PIN1 Function and Mutations Across Cancers. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1477. [PMID: 30723410 PMCID: PMC6349750 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PIN1 is a member of a family of peptidylprolyl isomerases that bind phosphoproteins and catalyze the rapid cis-trans isomerization of proline peptidyl bonds, resulting in an alteration of protein structure, function, and stability. PIN1 is overexpressed in human cancers, suggesting it promotes tumorigenesis, but depending on the cellular context, it also acts as a tumor suppressor. Here, we review the role of PIN1 in cancer and the regulation of PIN1 expression, and catalog the single nucleotide polymorphisms, and mutations in PIN1 gene associated with cancer. In addition, we provide a 3D model of the protein to localize the mutated residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maguie El Boustani
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Doctoral School in Molecular Biomedicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucia De Stefano
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Doctoral School in Chemistry, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Nayla Mouawad
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
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23
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Ieda N, Itoh K, Inoue Y, Izumiya Y, Kawaguchi M, Miyata N, Nakagawa H. An irreversible inhibitor of peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 and evaluation of cytotoxicity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:353-356. [PMID: 30585173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pin1 (protein interacting with never in mitosis A-1) is a member of the peptidyl prolyl isomerase (PPIase) family, and catalyzes cis-trans isomerization of pThr/Ser-Pro amide bonds. Because Pin1 is overexpressed in various cancer cell lines and promotes cell growth, it is considered a target for anticancer agents. Here, we designed and synthesized a covalently binding Pin1 inhibitor (S)-2 to target Pin1's active site. This compound inhibited Pin1 in protease-coupled assay, and formed a covalent bond with Cys113 of Pin1, as determined by ESI-MS. The acetoxymethyl ester of (S)-2, i.e., 6, suppressed cyclin D1 expression in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells, and exhibited cytotoxicity. Pin1-knockdown experiments indicated that a target for the cytotoxicity of 6 is Pin1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Ieda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Citi University, 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Kaoru Itoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Citi University, 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Citi University, 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yusuke Izumiya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Citi University, 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Mitusyasu Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Citi University, 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Naoki Miyata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Citi University, 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Citi University, 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan.
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24
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Ma T, Huang M, Li A, Zhao F, Li D, Liu D, Zhao L. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of benzimidazole derivatives as novel human Pin1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:1859-1863. [PMID: 31103446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a series of novel benzimidazole derivatives were designed and synthesized as Pin1 inhibitors. Protease-coupled assay was used to investigate the Pin1 inhibitory potency of all synthesized compounds. Thirteen of them showed preferable Pin1 inhibitory effects with IC50 values lower than 5 μM, and 12a, 15b, 15d and 16c exhibited the most promising Pin1 inhibitory activity at low micromolar level (0.33-1.00 μM) than the positive control compound Juglone. Flow cytometry results showed that treating PC-3 cells with 16c caused slight cycle arrest in a concentration-dependent manner. The structure-activity relationships of R1, R2, R3 and linker of the benzimidazole derivatives were analyzed in detail, which would help further exploration of new Pin1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Min Huang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Aihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Deyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Linxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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25
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Lee YM, Liou YC. Gears-In-Motion: The Interplay of WW and PPIase Domains in Pin1. Front Oncol 2018; 8:469. [PMID: 30460195 PMCID: PMC6232885 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pin1 belongs to the family of the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase), which is a class of enzymes that catalyze the cis/trans isomerization of the Proline residue. Pin1 is unique and only catalyzes the phosphorylated Serine/Threonine-Proline (S/T-P) motifs of a subset of proteins. Since the discovery of Pin1 as a key protein in cell cycle regulation, it has been implicated in numerous diseases, ranging from cancer to neurodegenerative diseases. The main features of Pin1 lies in its two main domains: the WW (two conserved tryptophan) domain and the PPIase domain. Despite extensive studies trying to understand the mechanisms of Pin1 functions, how these two domains contribute to the biological roles of Pin1 in cellular signaling requires more investigations. The WW domain of Pin1 is known to have a higher affinity to its substrate than that of the PPIase domain. Yet, the WW domain seems to prefer the trans configuration of phosphorylated S/T-P motif, while the PPIase catalyzes the cis to trans isomerasion. Such contradicting information has generated much confusion as to the actual mechanism of Pin1 function. In addition, dynamic allostery has been suggested to be important for Pin1 function. Henceforth, in this review, we will be looking at the progress made in understanding the function of Pin1, and how these understandings can aid us in overcoming the diseases implicated by Pin1 such as cancer during drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yew Mun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yih-Cherng Liou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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26
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Huang M, Li A, Zhao F, Xie X, Li K, Jing Y, Liu D, Zhao L. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of ring A modified 11-keto-boswellic acid derivatives as Pin1 inhibitors with remarkable anti-prostate cancer activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3187-3193. [PMID: 30153964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pin1 (Protein interaction with never in mitosis A1) is a validated molecular target for anticancer drug discovery. Herein, we reported the design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship study of novel ring A modified AKBA (3-acetyl-11-keto-boswellic acid) derivatives as Pin1 inhibitors. Most compounds showed superior Pin1 inhibitory activities to AKBA. One of the most promising compounds, 10a, potently inhibited Pin1 with IC50 value of 0.46 μM, while it displayed excellent anti-proliferative effect against prostate cancer cells PC-3 with GI50 value of 1.82 μM. Structure-activity relationship indicated that reasonable structural modifications in ring A had significant impact on improving activity. Further mechanism research revealed that 10a decreased the level of Cyclin D1 and caused cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in PC-3 cancer cells. Thus, compound 10a may serve as potential anti-prostate cancer agent for further investigation through Pin1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Huang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Aihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaorui Xie
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yongkui Jing
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Linxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Ramírez-Jarquín JO. Polyubiquitination inhibition of estrogen receptor alpha and its implications in breast cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2018; 9:60-70. [PMID: 30148069 PMCID: PMC6107474 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v9.i4.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is detected in more than 70% of the cases of breast cancer. Nuclear activity of ERα, a transcriptional regulator, is linked to the development of mammary tumors, whereas the extranuclear activity of ERα is related to endocrine therapy resistance. ERα polyubiquitination is induced by the estradiol hormone, and also by selective estrogen receptor degraders, resulting in ERα degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome system. Moreover, polyubiquitination is related to the ERα transcription cycle, and some E3-ubiquitin ligases also function as coactivators for ERα. Several studies have demonstrated that ERα polyubiquitination is inhibited by multiple mechanisms that include posttranslational modifications, interactions with coregulators, and formation of specific protein complexes with ERα. These events are responsible for an increase in ERα protein levels and deregulation of its signaling in breast cancers. Thus, ERα polyubiquitination inhibition may be a key factor in the progression of breast cancer and resistance to endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C Tecalco-Cruz
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama (PICM), Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 04510, México
| | - Josué O Ramírez-Jarquín
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México 04510, México
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Pu W, Li J, Zheng Y, Shen X, Fan X, Zhou JK, He J, Deng Y, Liu X, Wang C, Yang S, Chen Q, Liu L, Zhang G, Wei YQ, Peng Y. Targeting Pin1 by inhibitor API-1 regulates microRNA biogenesis and suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma development. Hepatology 2018; 68:547-560. [PMID: 29381806 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, but there are few effective treatments. Aberrant microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis is correlated with HCC development. We previously demonstrated that peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) participates in miRNA biogenesis and is a potential HCC treatment target. However, how Pin1 modulates miRNA biogenesis remains obscure. Here, we present in vivo evidence that Pin1 overexpression is directly linked to the development of HCC. Administration with the Pin1 inhibitor (API-1), a specific small molecule targeting Pin1 peptidyl-prolyl isomerase domain and inhibiting Pin1 cis-trans isomerizing activity, suppresses in vitro cell proliferation and migration of HCC cells. But API-1-induced Pin1 inhibition is insensitive to HCC cells with low Pin1 expression and/or low exportin-5 (XPO5) phosphorylation. Mechanistically, Pin1 recognizes and isomerizes the phosphorylated serine-proline motif of phosphorylated XPO5 and passivates phosphorylated XPO5. Pin1 inhibition by API-1 maintains the active conformation of phosphorylated XPO5 and restores XPO5-driven precursor miRNA nuclear-to-cytoplasm export, activating anticancer miRNA biogenesis and leading to both in vitro HCC suppression and HCC suppression in xenograft mice. CONCLUSION Experimental evidence suggests that Pin1 inhibition by API-1 up-regulates miRNA biogenesis by retaining active XPO5 conformation and suppresses HCC development, revealing the mechanism of Pin1-mediated miRNA biogenesis and unequivocally supporting API-1 as a drug candidate for HCC therapy, especially for Pin1-overexpressing, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-activated HCC. (Hepatology 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchen Pu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy
| | - Xianyan Shen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy
| | - Jian-Kang Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy
| | - Juan He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy
| | - Yulan Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy
| | - Xuesha Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy
| | - Chun Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Shengyong Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy
| | - Lunxu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yu-Quan Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy
| | - Yong Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrimidine derivatives as novel human Pin1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2186-2197. [PMID: 29576270 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pin1 (Protein interacting with NIMA1) is a cis-trans isomerase and promotes the amide bond rotation of phosphoSer/Thr-Pro motifs in its substrates. Inhibition of Pin1 might be a novel strategy for developing anticancer agents. Herein, a series of pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and their Pin1 inhibitory activities were evaluated. Among them, four compounds (2a, 2f, 2h and 2l) displayed potent inhibitory activities against Pin1 with IC50 values lower than 3 µM. This series of pyrimidine-based inhibitors presented time-dependent inhibition against Pin1. The structure-activity relationships on the 2-, 4- and 5-positions of the pyrimidine ring were analyzed in details, which would facilitate further exploration of new Pin1 inhibitors.
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Matena A, Rehic E, Hönig D, Kamba B, Bayer P. Structure and function of the human parvulins Pin1 and Par14/17. Biol Chem 2018; 399:101-125. [PMID: 29040060 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parvulins belong to the family of peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) assisting in protein folding and in regulating the function of a broad variety of proteins in all branches of life. The human representatives Pin1 and Par14/17 are directly involved in processes influencing cellular maintenance and cell fate decisions such as cell-cycle progression, metabolic pathways and ribosome biogenesis. This review on human parvulins summarizes the current knowledge of these enzymes and intends to oppose the well-studied Pin1 to its less well-examined homolog human Par14/17 with respect to structure, catalytic and cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Matena
- Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Edisa Rehic
- Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Dana Hönig
- Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Bianca Kamba
- Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Bayer
- Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, D-45117 Essen, Germany
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Campaner E, Rustighi A, Zannini A, Cristiani A, Piazza S, Ciani Y, Kalid O, Golan G, Baloglu E, Shacham S, Valsasina B, Cucchi U, Pippione AC, Lolli ML, Giabbai B, Storici P, Carloni P, Rossetti G, Benvenuti F, Bello E, D'Incalci M, Cappuzzello E, Rosato A, Del Sal G. A covalent PIN1 inhibitor selectively targets cancer cells by a dual mechanism of action. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15772. [PMID: 28598431 PMCID: PMC5472749 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prolyl isomerase PIN1, a critical modifier of multiple signalling pathways, is overexpressed in the majority of cancers and its activity strongly contributes to tumour initiation and progression. Inactivation of PIN1 function conversely curbs tumour growth and cancer stem cell expansion, restores chemosensitivity and blocks metastatic spread, thus providing the rationale for a therapeutic strategy based on PIN1 inhibition. Notwithstanding, potent PIN1 inhibitors are still missing from the arsenal of anti-cancer drugs. By a mechanism-based screening, we have identified a novel covalent PIN1 inhibitor, KPT-6566, able to selectively inhibit PIN1 and target it for degradation. We demonstrate that KPT-6566 covalently binds to the catalytic site of PIN1. This interaction results in the release of a quinone-mimicking drug that generates reactive oxygen species and DNA damage, inducing cell death specifically in cancer cells. Accordingly, KPT-6566 treatment impairs PIN1-dependent cancer phenotypes in vitro and growth of lung metastasis in vivo. PIN1 is a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this study, the authors identify a covalent inhibitor of PIN1 with anti-tumour and anti-metastatic properties thanks to PIN1 inactivation and to the release, after binding to PIN1, of a quinone-mimicking compound that elicits reactive oxygen generation and causes DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Campaner
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rustighi
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zannini
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Alberto Cristiani
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Yari Ciani
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Ori Kalid
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, Massachusetts 02459, USA
| | - Gali Golan
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, Massachusetts 02459, USA
| | - Erkan Baloglu
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, Massachusetts 02459, USA
| | - Sharon Shacham
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, Massachusetts 02459, USA
| | | | - Ulisse Cucchi
- Nerviano Medical Sciences Srl, Nerviano 20014, Italy
| | | | - Marco Lucio Lolli
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Barbara Giabbai
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Paola Storici
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Paolo Carloni
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-5) and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Giulia Rossetti
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-5) and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany.,Jülich Supercomputing Center (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany.,Department of Oncology, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Federica Benvenuti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Ezia Bello
- IRCCS-Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano 20156, Italy
| | - Maurizio D'Incalci
- IRCCS-Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano 20156, Italy
| | - Elisa Cappuzzello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV)-IRCCS, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
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Brusina MA, Nikolaev DN, Ramsh SM, Piotrovskii LB. Unexpected formation of imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid in the oxidation of 2-substituted benzimidazoles with hydrogen peroxide. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428016100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rogals MJ, Greenwood AI, Kwon J, Lu KP, Nicholson LK. Neighboring phosphoSer-Pro motifs in the undefined domain of IRAK1 impart bivalent advantage for Pin1 binding. FEBS J 2016; 283:4528-4548. [PMID: 27790836 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The peptidyl prolyl isomerase Pin1 has two domains that are considered to be its binding (WW) and catalytic (PPIase) domains, both of which interact with phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro motifs. This shared specificity might influence substrate selection, as many known Pin1 substrates have multiple sequentially close phosphoSer/Thr-Pro motifs, including the protein interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK1). The IRAK1 undefined domain (UD) contains two sets of such neighboring motifs (Ser131/Ser144 and Ser163/Ser173), suggesting possible bivalent interactions with Pin1. Using a series of NMR titrations with 15N-labeled full-length Pin1 (Pin1-FL), PPIase, or WW domain and phosphopeptides representing the Ser131/Ser144 and Ser163/Ser173 regions of IRAK1-UD, bivalent interactions were investigated. Binding studies using singly phosphorylated peptides showed that individual motifs displayed weak affinities (> 100 μm) for Pin1-FL and each isolated domain. Analysis of dually phosphorylated peptides binding to Pin1-FL showed that inclusion of bivalent states was necessary to fit the data. The resulting complex model and fitted parameters were applied to predict the impact of bivalent states at low micromolar concentrations, demonstrating significant affinity enhancement for both dually phosphorylated peptides (3.5 and 24 μm for peptides based on the Ser131/Ser144 and Ser163/Ser173 regions, respectively). The complementary technique biolayer interferometry confirmed the predicted affinity enhancement for a representative set of singly and dually phosphorylated Ser131/Ser144 peptides at low micromolar concentrations, validating model predictions. These studies provide novel insights regarding the complexity of interactions between Pin1 and activated IRAK1, and more broadly suggest that phosphorylation of neighboring Ser/Thr-Pro motifs in proteins might provide competitive advantage at cellular concentrations for engaging with Pin1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique J Rogals
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Alexander I Greenwood
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Jeahoo Kwon
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda K Nicholson
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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34
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Synthesis and Pin1 inhibitory activity of thiazole derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5911-5920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Ramírez-Jarquín JO. Mechanisms that Increase Stability of Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2016; 17:1-10. [PMID: 27561704 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ER) is a transcriptional regulator that controls the expression of genes related to cellular proliferation and differentiation in normal mammary tissue. However, the expression, abundance, and activity of this receptor are increased in 70% of breast cancers. The ER upregulation is facilitated by several molecular mechanisms, including protein stability, which represents an important strategy to maintain an active and functional repertoire of ER. Several proteins interact and protect ER from degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Through diverse mechanisms, these proteins prevent polyubiquitination and degradation of ER, leading to an increase in ER protein levels; consequently, estrogen signaling and its physiologic effects are enhanced in breast cancer cells. Thus, increased protein stability seems to be one of the main reasons that ER is upregulated in breast cancer. Here, we highlight findings on the proteins and mechanisms that participate directly or indirectly in ER stability and their relevance to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C Tecalco-Cruz
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico.
| | - Josué O Ramírez-Jarquín
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico
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Dunyak BM, Gestwicki JE. Peptidyl-Proline Isomerases (PPIases): Targets for Natural Products and Natural Product-Inspired Compounds. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9622-9644. [PMID: 27409354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peptidyl-proline isomerases (PPIases) are a chaperone superfamily comprising the FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs), cyclophilins, and parvulins. PPIases catalyze the cis/trans isomerization of proline, acting as a regulatory switch during folding, activation, and/or degradation of many proteins. These "clients" include proteins with key roles in cancer, neurodegeneration, and psychiatric disorders, suggesting that PPIase inhibitors could be important therapeutics. However, the active site of PPIases is shallow, solvent-exposed, and well conserved between family members, making selective inhibitor design challenging. Despite these hurdles, macrocyclic natural products, including FK506, rapamycin, and cyclosporin, bind PPIases with nanomolar or better affinity. De novo attempts to derive new classes of inhibitors have been somewhat less successful, often showcasing the "undruggable" features of PPIases. Interestingly, the most potent of these next-generation molecules tend to integrate features of the natural products, including macrocyclization or proline mimicry strategies. Here, we review recent developments and ongoing challenges in the inhibition of PPIases, with a focus on how natural products might inform the creation of potent and selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M Dunyak
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School , 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco , 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco , 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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Abstract
Targeted drugs have changed cancer treatment but are often ineffective in the long term against solid tumours, largely because of the activation of heterogeneous oncogenic pathways. A central common signalling mechanism in many of these pathways is proline-directed phosphorylation, which is regulated by many kinases and phosphatases. The structure and function of these phosphorylated proteins are further controlled by a single proline isomerase: PIN1. PIN1 is overactivated in cancers and it promotes cancer and cancer stem cells by disrupting the balance of oncogenes and tumour suppressors. This Review discusses the roles of PIN1 in cancer and the potential of PIN1 inhibitors to restore this balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Jiang L, Chu H, Zheng H. Pin1 is related with clinical stage of papillary thyroid carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:95. [PMID: 27029791 PMCID: PMC4815147 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-0847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The context and aim of this article was to investigate whether the expression level of Pin1 was in association with the clinical stage of papillary thyroid carcinomas. Methods Seventy-two patients who had been treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University – Yantai YuHuangDing Hospital during January 2013 to December 2014 were rolled in. The expression levels of Pin1 using immunohistochemistry were tested and were divided into four groups according to the different clinical stages and final scores based on multiplying intensity and percentage value of IHC results. Data was analyzed with SPSS 20.0, and P value <0.05 had been chosen as significant. Results Considered from analysis result, the Pin1 expression status statistically significantly correlated with the PTC clinical stages (χ2 = 8.128, P = 0.043); as the clinical stage proceeded, the intensity of Pin1 in PTC cells had been increased. But we did not find any relationships between immunohistochemical staining results and other clinicopathological characteristics. Conclusions The PTC cells’ intensity of Pin1 was in association with the clinical stage. The role played by Pin1 in PTC has been studied, and we need to further investigate the application of Pin1 in the treatment of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Jiang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Ward I, Thyroid Surgery Ward, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University - Yantai YuHuangDing Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Haidi Chu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Ward I, Thyroid Surgery Ward, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University - Yantai YuHuangDing Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China.
| | - Haitao Zheng
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Ward I, Thyroid Surgery Ward, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University - Yantai YuHuangDing Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
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40
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Nakagawa H, Seike S, Sugimoto M, Ieda N, Kawaguchi M, Suzuki T, Miyata N. Peptidyl prolyl isomerase Pin1-inhibitory activity of D-glutamic and D-aspartic acid derivatives bearing a cyclic aliphatic amine moiety. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5619-24. [PMID: 26508545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pin1 is a peptidyl prolyl isomerase that specifically catalyzes cis-trans isomerization of phosphorylated Thr/Ser-Pro peptide bonds in substrate proteins and peptides. Pin1 is involved in many important cellular processes, including cancer progression, so it is a potential target of cancer therapy. We designed and synthesized a novel series of Pin1 inhibitors based on a glutamic acid or aspartic acid scaffold bearing an aromatic moiety to provide a hydrophobic surface and a cyclic aliphatic amine moiety with affinity for the proline-binding site of Pin1. Glutamic acid derivatives bearing cycloalkylamino and phenylthiazole groups showed potent Pin1-inhibitory activity comparable with that of known inhibitor VER-1. The results indicate that steric interaction of the cyclic alkyl amine moiety with binding site residues plays a key role in enhancing Pin1-inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiko Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Suguru Seike
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Naoya Ieda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Miyata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
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Rostam MA, Piva TJ, Rezaei HB, Kamato D, Little PJ, Zheng W, Osman N. Peptidyl-prolyl isomerases: functionality and potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:117-24. [PMID: 25377120 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) are a conserved group of enzymes that catalyse the conversion between cis and trans conformations of proline imidic peptide bonds. These enzymes play critical roles in regulatory mechanisms of cellular function and pathophysiology of disease. There are three different classes of PPIases and increasing interest in the development of specific PPIase inhibitors. Cyclosporine A, FK506, rapamycin and juglone are known PPIase inhibitors. Herein, we review recent advances in elucidating the role and regulation of the PPIase family in vascular disease. We focus on peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1), an important member of the PPIase family that plays a role in cell cycle progression, gene expression, cell signalling and cell proliferation. In addition, Pin1 may be involved in atherosclerosis. The unique role of Pin1 as a molecular switch that impacts on multiple downstream pathways necessitates the evaluation of a highly specific Pin1 inhibitor to aid in potential therapeutic drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad A Rostam
- Discipline of Pharmacy, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia; Diabetes Complications Group, Metabolism, Exercise and Disease Program, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia; International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Nakatsu Y, Iwashita M, Sakoda H, Ono H, Nagata K, Matsunaga Y, Fukushima T, Fujishiro M, Kushiyama A, Kamata H, Takahashi SI, Katagiri H, Honda H, Kiyonari H, Uchida T, Asano T. Prolyl isomerase Pin1 negatively regulates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by associating with the CBS domain in the γ subunit. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:24255-66. [PMID: 26276391 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.658559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a critical role in metabolic regulation. In this study, first, it was revealed that Pin1 associates with any isoform of γ, but not with either the α or the β subunit, of AMPK. The association between Pin1 and the AMPK γ1 subunit is mediated by the WW domain of Pin1 and the Thr(211)-Pro-containing motif located in the CBS domain of the γ1 subunit. Importantly, overexpression of Pin1 suppressed AMPK phosphorylation in response to either 2-deoxyglucose or biguanide stimulation, whereas Pin1 knockdown by siRNAs or treatment with Pin1 inhibitors enhanced it. The experiments using recombinant Pin1, AMPK, LKB1, and PP2C proteins revealed that the protective effect of AMP against PP2C-induced AMPKα subunit dephosphorylation was markedly suppressed by the addition of Pin1. In good agreement with the in vitro data, the level of AMPK phosphorylation as well as the expressions of mitochondria-related genes, such as PGC-1α, which are known to be positively regulated by AMPK, were markedly higher with reduced triglyceride accumulation in the muscles of Pin1 KO mice as compared with controls. These findings suggest that Pin1 plays an important role in the pathogenic mechanisms underlying impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, functioning as a negative regulator of AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nakatsu
- From the Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Misaki Iwashita
- the Department of Dental Science for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, and
| | - Hideyuki Sakoda
- the Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiraku Ono
- the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, School of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Kengo Nagata
- From the Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yasuka Matsunaga
- From the Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Midori Fujishiro
- the Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kushiyama
- the Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute for Adult Disease, Asahi Life Foundation, 1-6-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 103-0002, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kamata
- From the Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- the Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hideki Katagiri
- the Division of Molecular Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- the Department of Disease Model, Research Institute of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City 734-8553, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- the Animal Resource Development Unit and Genetic Engineering Team, Division of Bio-function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi, Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan, and
| | - Takafumi Uchida
- the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- From the Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine,
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Roles of Prolyl Isomerases in RNA-Mediated Gene Expression. Biomolecules 2015; 5:974-99. [PMID: 25992900 PMCID: PMC4496705 DOI: 10.3390/biom5020974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases) that include immunophilins (cyclophilins and FKBPs) and parvulins (Pin1, Par14, Par17) participate in cell signaling, transcription, pre-mRNA processing and mRNA decay. The human genome encodes 19 cyclophilins, 18 FKBPs and three parvulins. Immunophilins are receptors for the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporin A, FK506, and rapamycin that are used in organ transplantation. Pin1 has also been targeted in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, asthma, and a number of cancers. While these PPIases are characterized as molecular chaperones, they also act in a nonchaperone manner to promote protein-protein interactions using surfaces outside their active sites. The immunosuppressive drugs act by a gain-of-function mechanism by promoting protein-protein interactions in vivo. Several immunophilins have been identified as components of the spliceosome and are essential for alternative splicing. Pin1 plays roles in transcription and RNA processing by catalyzing conformational changes in the RNA Pol II C-terminal domain. Pin1 also binds several RNA binding proteins such as AUF1, KSRP, HuR, and SLBP that regulate mRNA decay by remodeling mRNP complexes. The functions of ribonucleoprotein associated PPIases are largely unknown. This review highlights PPIases that play roles in RNA-mediated gene expression, providing insight into their structures, functions and mechanisms of action in mRNP remodeling in vivo.
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44
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Sowole MA, Innes BT, Amunugama M, Litchfield DW, Brandl CJ, Shilton BH, Konermann L. Noncovalent binding of a cyclic peptide inhibitor to the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1, explored by hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pin1 is a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) that plays a central role in eukaryotic cell cycle regulation, making this protein an interesting target for cancer therapy. Pin1 exhibits high specificity for substrates where proline is preceded by phosphoserine or phosphothreonine. The protein comprises an N-terminal WW (tryptophan–tryptophan) domain and a C-terminal PPIase domain. The cyclic peptide [CRYPEVEIC] (square brackets are used to denote the cyclic structure) represents a lead compound for a new class of nonphosphorylated Pin1 inhibitors. Unfortunately, it has not been possible thus far to characterize the Pin1–[CRYPEVEIC] complex by X-ray crystallography. Thus, the exact binding mode remains unknown. The current work employs hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry for gaining insights into the Pin1–[CRYPEVEIC] interactions. The WW domain shows extensive conformational dynamics, both in the presence and in the absence of ligand. In contrast, profound changes in deuteration kinetics are observed in the PPIase domain after the addition of [CRYPEVEIC]. The secondary structure elements β2, α3, and α4 exhibit markedly reduced deuteration, consistent with their postulated involvement in ligand binding. Unexpectedly, [CRYPEVEIC] destabilizes the range of residues 61–86, a segment that comprises basic side chains that normally interact with the substrate phosphate. This destabilization is likely caused by steric clashes with Y3 or E5 of the inhibitor. Ligand-induced destabilization has previously been reported for a few other proteins, but effects of this type are not very common. Our findings suggest that future crystallization trials on Pin1 variants deleted for residues in the 61–86 range might provide a path towards high-resolution X-ray structures of Pin1 bound to cyclic peptide inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modupeola A. Sowole
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Brendan T. Innes
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Mahasilu Amunugama
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - David W. Litchfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Christopher J. Brandl
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Brian H. Shilton
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Lars Konermann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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45
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Wang JZ, Liu BG, Zhang Y. Pin1-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for breast cancer. Pharmacol Res 2014; 93:28-35. [PMID: 25553719 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pin1 is the only known cis-to-trans isomerase that recognizes the phosphorylated pThr/pSer-Pro motifs in many signaling molecules, playing unique roles in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. First, Pin1 is prevalently over-expressed in kinds of breast cancer cell lines and tissues, such as MDA-MB-231 cell, MCF-7 cell, Her2+, ERα+, and basal-like breast cancer subtypes. Second, Pin1 amplifies many oncogenic signaling pathways, inhibits multiple tumor suppressors, promotes the angiogenesis and metastasis of breast cancer cells, and enhances the resistance of breast cancer cells to anti-tumor medicines. Third, inhibiting Pin1 blocks most of these detrimental effects in a great number of breast cancer cell lines. These findings suggest Pin1 as a promising diagnostic biomarker as well as an efficient therapeutic target for breast cancer. It is strongly expected that a Pin1-positive subtype of breast cancers should be extremely concerned and that the therapeutic efficacy of Pin1 inhibitors on breast cancer patients should be evaluated as soon as possible. Nonetheless, Pin1-based therapeutic strategies for breast cancer still deserve some debates. Hence, we give the predictions of several important issues, such as application precondition, side effects, and personalized medication, when Pin1 inhibitors are used in the breast cancer therapy. These proposals are meaningful for the further development of Pin1-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in order to conquer breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Zhang Wang
- Department of Medical Technology, Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056002, PR China.
| | - Bao-Guo Liu
- Department of Medical Technology, Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056002, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Medical Technology, Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056002, PR China
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Guo C, Hou X, Dong L, Marakovits J, Greasley S, Dagostino E, Ferre R, Johnson MC, Humphries PS, Li H, Paderes GD, Piraino J, Kraynov E, Murray BW. Structure-based design of novel human Pin1 inhibitors (III): optimizing affinity beyond the phosphate recognition pocket. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4187-91. [PMID: 25091930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The design of potent Pin1 inhibitors has been challenging because its active site specifically recognizes a phospho-protein epitope. The de novo design of phosphate-based Pin1 inhibitors focusing on the phosphate recognition pocket and the successful replacement of the phosphate group with a carboxylate have been previously reported. The potency of the carboxylate series is now further improved through structure-based optimization of ligand-protein interactions in the proline binding site which exploits the H-bond interactions necessary for Pin1 catalytic function. Further optimization using a focused library approach led to the discovery of low nanomolar non-phosphate small molecular Pin1 inhibitors. Structural modifications designed to improve cell permeability resulted in Pin1 inhibitors with low micromolar anti-proliferative activities against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangxing Guo
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Xinjun Hou
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Liming Dong
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Joseph Marakovits
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Samantha Greasley
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Eleanor Dagostino
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - RoseAnn Ferre
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - M Catherine Johnson
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Paul S Humphries
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Haitao Li
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Genevieve D Paderes
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Joseph Piraino
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Eugenia Kraynov
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Brion W Murray
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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47
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Luo ML, Gong C, Chen CH, Lee DY, Hu H, Huang P, Yao Y, Guo W, Reinhardt F, Wulf G, Lieberman J, Zhou XZ, Song E, Lu KP. Prolyl isomerase Pin1 acts downstream of miR200c to promote cancer stem-like cell traits in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3603-16. [PMID: 24786790 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSC) have been implicated in tumor growth, metastasis, drug resistance, and relapse but druggable targets in appropriate subsets of this cell population have yet to be identified. Here we identify a fundamental role for the prolyl isomerase Pin1 in driving BCSC expansion, invasiveness, and tumorigenicity, defining it as a key target of miR200c, which is known to be a critical regulator in BCSC. Pin1 overexpression expanded the growth and tumorigenicity of BCSC and triggered epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Conversely, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of Pin1 reduced the abundance and self-renewal activity of BCSC. Moreover, moderate overexpression of miR200c-resistant Pin1 rescued the BCSC defect in miR200c-expressing cells. Genetic deletion of Pin1 also decreased the abundance and repopulating capability of normal mouse mammary stem cells. In human cells, freshly isolated from reduction mammoplasty tissues, Pin1 overexpression endowed BCSC traits to normal breast epithelial cells, expanding both luminal and basal/myoepithelial lineages in these cells. In contrast, Pin1 silencing in primary breast cancer cells freshly isolated from clinical samples inhibited the expansion, self-renewal activity, and tumorigenesis of BCSC in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our work demonstrated that Pin1 is a pivotal regulator acting downstream of miR200c to drive BCSC and breast tumorigenicity, highlighting a new therapeutic target to eradicate BCSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Li Luo
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - Chang Gong
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou; and
| | - Chun-Hau Chen
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - Daniel Y Lee
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - Hai Hu
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - Pengyu Huang
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - Yandan Yao
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - Wenjun Guo
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ferenc Reinhardt
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Gerburg Wulf
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - Judy Lieberman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - Erwei Song
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou; and
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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48
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Krishnan N, Titus MA, Thapar R. The prolyl isomerase pin1 regulates mRNA levels of genes with short half-lives by targeting specific RNA binding proteins. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85427. [PMID: 24416409 PMCID: PMC3887067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 is over-expressed in several cancer tissues is a potential prognostic marker in prostate cancer, and Pin1 ablation can suppress tumorigenesis in breast and prostate cancers. Pin1 can co-operate with activated ErbB2 or Ras to enhance tumorigenesis. It does so by regulating the activity of proteins that are essential for gene expression and cell proliferation. Several targets of Pin1 such as c-Myc, the Androgen Receptor, Estrogen Receptor-alpha, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, p53, RAF kinase and NCOA3 are deregulated in cancer. At the posttranscriptional level, emerging evidence indicates that Pin1 also regulates mRNA decay of histone mRNAs, GM-CSF, Pth, and TGFβ mRNAs by interacting with the histone mRNA specific protein SLBP, and the ARE-binding proteins AUF1 and KSRP, respectively. To understand how Pin1 may affect mRNA abundance on a genome-wide scale in mammalian cells, we used RNAi along with DNA microarrays to identify genes whose abundance is significantly altered in response to a Pin1 knockdown. Functional scoring of differentially expressed genes showed that Pin1 gene targets control cell adhesion, leukocyte migration, the phosphatidylinositol signaling system and DNA replication. Several mRNAs whose abundance was significantly altered by Pin1 knockdown contained AU-rich element (ARE) sequences in their 3' untranslated regions. We identified HuR and AUF1 as Pin1 interacting ARE-binding proteins in vivo. Pin1 was also found to stabilize all core histone mRNAs in this study, thereby validating our results from a previously published study. Statistical analysis suggests that Pin1 may target the decay of essential mRNAs that are inherently unstable and have short to medium half-lives. Thus, this study shows that an important biological role of Pin1 is to regulate mRNA abundance and stability by interacting with specific RNA-binding proteins that may play a role in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Krishnan
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, SUNY at Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Titus
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roopa Thapar
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, SUNY at Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Structural Biology, SUNY at Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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49
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Velazquez HA, Hamelberg D. Conformation-Directed Catalysis and Coupled Enzyme–Substrate Dynamics in Pin1 Phosphorylation-Dependent Cis–Trans Isomerase. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:11509-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jp405271s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hector A. Velazquez
- Department
of Chemistry and
the Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4098, United States
| | - Donald Hamelberg
- Department
of Chemistry and
the Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4098, United States
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50
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Moore JD, Potter A. Pin1 inhibitors: Pitfalls, progress and cellular pharmacology. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4283-91. [PMID: 23796453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Compelling data supports the hypothesis that Pin1 inhibitors will be useful for the therapy of cancer: Pin1 deficient mice resist the induction of breast cancers normally evoked by expression of MMTV-driven Ras or Erb2 alleles. While Pin1 poses challenges for drug discovery, several groups have identified potent antagonists by structure based drug design, significant progress has been made designing peptidic inhibitors and a number of natural products have been found that blockade Pin1, notably epigallocatchechin gallate (EGCG), a major flavonoid in green tea. Here we critically discuss the modes of action and likely specificity of these compounds, concluding that a suitable chemical biology tool for probing the function of Pin1 has yet to be found. We conclude by outlining some open questions regarding the target validation of Pin1 and the prospects for identification of improved inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Moore
- Horizon Discovery, Cambridge Research Park, Cambridge CB25 9TL, UK.
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