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Wang X, Inoyama D, Russo R, Li SG, Jadhav R, Stratton TP, Mittal N, Bilotta JA, Singleton E, Kim T, Paget SD, Pottorf RS, Ahn YM, Davila-Pagan A, Kandasamy S, Grady C, Hussain S, Soteropoulos P, Zimmerman MD, Ho HP, Park S, Dartois V, Ekins S, Connell N, Kumar P, Freundlich JS. Antitubercular Triazines: Optimization and Intrabacterial Metabolism. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:172-185.e11. [PMID: 31711854 PMCID: PMC7035970 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The triazine antitubercular JSF-2019 was of interest due to its in vitro efficacy and the nitro group shared with the clinically relevant delamanid and pretomanid. JSF-2019 undergoes activation requiring F420H2 and one or more nitroreductases in addition to Ddn. An intrabacterial drug metabolism (IBDM) platform was leveraged to demonstrate the system kinetics, evidencing formation of NO⋅ and a des-nitro metabolite. Structure-activity relationship studies focused on improving the solubility and mouse pharmacokinetic profile of JSF-2019 and culminated in JSF-2513, relying on the key introduction of a morpholine. Mechanistic studies with JSF-2019, JSF-2513, and other triazines stressed the significance of achieving potent in vitro efficacy via release of intrabacterial NO⋅ along with inhibition of InhA and, more generally, the FAS-II pathway. This study highlights the importance of probing IBDM and its potential to clarify mechanism of action, which in this case is a combination of NO⋅ release and InhA inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Daigo Inoyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Riccardo Russo
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine and the Ruy V. Lourenço Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Shao-Gang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Ravindra Jadhav
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Thomas P Stratton
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Nisha Mittal
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Joseph A Bilotta
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Eric Singleton
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine and the Ruy V. Lourenço Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Thomas Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine and the Ruy V. Lourenço Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Steve D Paget
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Richard S Pottorf
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Yong-Mo Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Alejandro Davila-Pagan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Srinivasan Kandasamy
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Courtney Grady
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine and the Ruy V. Lourenço Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Seema Hussain
- Genomics Center, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Patricia Soteropoulos
- Genomics Center, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Matthew D Zimmerman
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Hsin Pin Ho
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Steven Park
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Véronique Dartois
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations in Chemistry Inc., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Nancy Connell
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine and the Ruy V. Lourenço Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine and the Ruy V. Lourenço Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Joel S Freundlich
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine and the Ruy V. Lourenço Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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2
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Toselli F, Fredenwall M, Svensson P, Li XQ, Johansson A, Weidolf L, Hayes MA. Hip To Be Square: Oxetanes as Design Elements To Alter Metabolic Pathways. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7383-7399. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Toselli
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marlene Fredenwall
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peder Svensson
- Integrative Research Laboratories, Arvid Wallgrens Backe 20, Gothenburg 413 46, Sweden
| | - Xue-Qing Li
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Johansson
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Weidolf
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin A. Hayes
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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3
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Daga PR, Bolger MB, Haworth IS, Clark RD, Martin EJ. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Lead Optimization. 1. Evaluation and Adaptation of GastroPlus To Predict Bioavailability of Medchem Series. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:821-830. [PMID: 29337578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
When medicinal chemists need to improve bioavailability (%F) within a chemical series during lead optimization, they synthesize new series members with systematically modified properties mainly by following experience and general rules of thumb. More quantitative models that predict %F of proposed compounds from chemical structure alone have proven elusive. Global empirical %F quantitative structure-property (QSPR) models perform poorly, and projects have too little data to train local %F QSPR models. Mechanistic oral absorption and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models simulate the dissolution, absorption, systemic distribution, and clearance of a drug in preclinical species and humans. Attempts to build global PBPK models based purely on calculated inputs have not achieved the <2-fold average error needed to guide lead optimization. In this work, local GastroPlus PBPK models are instead customized for individual medchem series. The key innovation was building a local QSPR for a numerically fitted effective intrinsic clearance (CLloc). All inputs are subsequently computed from structure alone, so the models can be applied in advance of synthesis. Training CLloc on the first 15-18 rat %F measurements gave adequate predictions, with clear improvements up to about 30 measurements, and incremental improvements beyond that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj R Daga
- Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research , Emeryville , California 94608 , United States
| | - Michael B Bolger
- Simulations Plus, Inc. , 42505 10th Street West , Lancaster , California 93534 , United States
| | - Ian S Haworth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Robert D Clark
- Simulations Plus, Inc. , 42505 10th Street West , Lancaster , California 93534 , United States
| | - Eric J Martin
- Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research , Emeryville , California 94608 , United States
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4
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Timmerman JC, Schmitt WW, Widenhoefer RA. Gold-Catalyzed Intermolecular, anti-Markovnikov Hydroarylation of Methylenecyclopropanes with Indoles. Org Lett 2016; 18:4966-4969. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C. Timmerman
- French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - William W. Schmitt
- French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ross A. Widenhoefer
- French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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5
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Jia H, Bai F, Liu N, Liang X, Zhan P, Ma C, Jiang X, Liu X. Design, synthesis and evaluation of pyrazole derivatives as non-nucleoside hepatitis B virus inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:202-210. [PMID: 27484509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In continuation of our efforts toward the discovery of potent non-nucleoside hepatitis B virus (HBV) inhibitors with novel structures, we have employed bioisosterism and hybrid pharmacophore-based strategy to explore the chemically diverse space of bioactive compounds. In this article, the original thiazole platform was replaced with pyrazole scaffold to yield the optimal pharmacophore moieties in order to generate novel non-nucleoside HBV inhibitors with desirable potency. Some of the new compounds were able to inhibit HBV activity in the low micromolar range. In particular, compound 6a3 displayed the most potent activity against the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg with IC50 of 24.33 μM and 2.22 μM, respectively. The preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) of this new series of compounds was investigated, which may help designing more potent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyong Jia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fuxiang Bai
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental, Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental, Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental, Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Department of Hepatic Diseases, Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Jingshi Road, 173, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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6
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Goldberg FW, Dossetter AG, Scott JS, Robb GR, Boyd S, Groombridge SD, Kemmitt PD, Sjögren T, Gutierrez PM, deSchoolmeester J, Swales JG, Turnbull AV, Wild MJ. Optimization of Brain Penetrant 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type I Inhibitors and in Vivo Testing in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Med Chem 2014; 57:970-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4016729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James S. Scott
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme R. Robb
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Boyd
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Sam D. Groombridge
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D. Kemmitt
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Tove Sjögren
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - John G. Swales
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew V. Turnbull
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Wild
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
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7
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McCoull W, Augustin M, Blake C, Ertan A, Kilgour E, Krapp S, Moore JE, Newcombe NJ, Packer MJ, Rees A, Revill J, Scott JS, Selmi N, Gerhardt S, Ogg DJ, Steinbacher S, Whittamore PRO. Identification and optimisation of 3,3-dimethyl-azetidin-2-ones as potent and selective inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1). MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00234a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Scott JS, Goldberg FW, Turnbull AV. Medicinal Chemistry of Inhibitors of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (11β-HSD1). J Med Chem 2013; 57:4466-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4014746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James S. Scott
- AstraZeneca Innovative Medicines, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Frederick W. Goldberg
- AstraZeneca Innovative Medicines, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Andrew V. Turnbull
- AstraZeneca Innovative Medicines, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
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Harno E, Cottrell EC, Yu A, DeSchoolmeester J, Gutierrez PM, Denn M, Swales JG, Goldberg FW, Bohlooly-Y M, Andersén H, Wild MJ, Turnbull AV, Leighton B, White A. 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitors still improve metabolic phenotype in male 11β-HSD1 knockout mice suggesting off-target mechanisms. Endocrinology 2013; 154:4580-93. [PMID: 24169553 PMCID: PMC4192288 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) is a target for novel type 2 diabetes and obesity therapies based on the premise that lowering of tissue glucocorticoids will have positive effects on body weight, glycemic control, and insulin sensitivity. An 11β-HSD1 inhibitor (compound C) inhibited liver 11β-HSD1 by >90% but led to only small improvements in metabolic parameters in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed male C57BL/6J mice. A 4-fold higher concentration produced similar enzyme inhibition but, in addition, reduced body weight (17%), food intake (28%), and glucose (22%). We hypothesized that at the higher doses compound C might be accessing the brain. However, when we developed male brain-specific 11β-HSD1 knockout mice and fed them the HFD, they had body weight and fat pad mass and glucose and insulin responses similar to those of HFD-fed Nestin-Cre controls. We then found that administration of compound C to male global 11β-HSD1 knockout mice elicited improvements in metabolic parameters, suggesting "off-target" mechanisms. Based on the patent literature, we synthesized another 11β-HSD1 inhibitor (MK-0916) from a different chemical series and showed that it too had similar off-target body weight and food intake effects at high doses. In summary, a significant component of the beneficial metabolic effects of these 11β-HSD1 inhibitors occurs via 11β-HSD1-independent pathways, and only limited efficacy is achievable from selective 11β-HSD1 inhibition. These data challenge the concept that inhibition of 11β-HSD1 is likely to produce a "step-change" treatment for diabetes and/or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Harno
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, AV Hill Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
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10
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Just-Baringo X, Albericio F, Álvarez M. From 2,6-Dichloronicotinic Acid to Thiopeptide Cores. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Goldberg FW, Leach AG, Scott JS, Snelson WL, Groombridge SD, Donald CS, Bennett SNL, Bodin C, Gutierrez PM, Gyte AC. Free-Wilson and Structural Approaches to Co-optimizing Human and Rodent Isoform Potency for 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (11β-HSD1) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:10652-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3013163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew G. Leach
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley
Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - James S. Scott
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley
Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy L. Snelson
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley
Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Sam D. Groombridge
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley
Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Craig S. Donald
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley
Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cristian Bodin
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley
Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amy C. Gyte
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley
Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
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