1
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Li Y, Li Y, Guo Y, Chen C, Yang L, Jiang Q, Ling P, Wang S, Li L, Fang J. Enzymatic modular synthesis of asymmetrically branched human milk oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121908. [PMID: 38494200 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are intricate glycans that promote healthy growth of infants and have been incorporated into infant formula as food additives. Despite their importance, the limited availability of asymmetrically branched HMOs hinders the exploration of their structure and function relationships. Herein, we report an enzymatic modular strategy for the efficient synthesis of these HMOs. The key branching enzyme for the assembly of branched HMOs, human β1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (GCNT2), was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris for the first time. Then, it was integrated with six other bacterial glycosyltransferases to establish seven glycosylation modules. Each module comprises a one-pot multi-enzyme (OPME) system for in-situ generation of costly sugar nucleotide donors, combined with a glycosyltransferase for specific glycosylation. This approach enabled the synthesis of 31 branched HMOs and 13 linear HMOs in a stepwise manner with well-programmed synthetic routes. The binding details of these HMOs with related glycan-binding proteins were subsequently elucidated using glycan microarray assays to provide insights into their biological functions. This comprehensive collection of synthetic HMOs not only serves as standards for HMOs structure identification in complex biological samples but also significantly enhances the fields of HMOs glycomics, opening new avenues for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshuang Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Yi Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
| | - Congcong Chen
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Lin Yang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Peixue Ling
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America.
| | - Junqiang Fang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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2
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Ortiz-Soto ME, Baier M, Brenner D, Timm M, Seibel J. Single-mutations at the galactose-binding site of enzymes GalK, GalU, and LgtC enable the efficient synthesis of UDP-6-azido-6-deoxy-d-galactose and azido-functionalized Gb3 analogs. Glycobiology 2023; 33:651-660. [PMID: 37283491 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal accumulation of the glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide Gb3 is linked to the deficient activity of the α-galactosidase A in the Anderson-Fabry disease and an elevated level of deacylated Gb3 is a hallmark of this condition. Localization of Gb3 in the plasma membrane is critical for studying how the membrane organization and its dynamics are affected in this genetic disorder. Gb3 analogs containing a terminal 6-azido-functionalized galactose in its head group globotriose (αGal1, 4βGal1, and 4Glc) are attractive chemical reporters for bioimaging, as the azido-group may act as a chemical tag for bio-orthogonal click chemistry. We report here the production of azido-Gb3 analogs employing mutants of galactokinase, UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, and α-1,4-galactosyltransferase LgtC, which participate in the synthesis of the sugar motif globotriose. Variants of enzymes galactokinase/UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase generate UDP-6-azido-6-deoxy-d-galactose, which is the galactosyl-donor used by LgtC for transferring the terminal galactose moiety to lactosyl-acceptors. Residues at the galactose-binding site of the 3 enzymes were modified to facilitate the accommodation of azido-functionalized substrates and variants outperforming the wild-type enzymes were characterized. Synthesis of 6-azido-6-deoxy-d-galactose-1-phosphate, UDP-6-azido-6-deoxy-d-galactose, and azido-Gb3 analogs by variants GalK-E37S, GalU-D133V, and LgtC-Q187S, respectively, is 3-6-fold that of their wild-type counterparts. Coupled reactions with these variants permit the production of the pricy, unnatural galactosyl-donor UDP-6-azido-6-deoxy-d-galactose with ~90% conversion yields, and products azido-globotriose and lyso-AzGb3 with substrate conversion of up to 70%. AzGb3 analogs could serve as precursors for the synthesis of other tagged glycosphingolipids of the globo-series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Ortiz-Soto
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Makarius Baier
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Brenner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Malte Timm
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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3
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Enzyme cascades for the synthesis of nucleotide sugars: Updates to recent production strategies. Carbohydr Res 2023; 523:108727. [PMID: 36521208 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide sugars play an elementary role in nature as building blocks of glycans, polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries. As substrates of Leloir-glycosyltransferases, nucleotide sugars are essential for chemoenzymatic in vitro syntheses. However, high costs and the limited availability of nucleotide sugars prevent applications of biocatalytic cascades on a large industrial scale. Therefore, the focus is increasingly on nucleotide sugar synthesis strategies to make significant application processes feasible. The chemical synthesis of nucleotide sugars and their derivatives is well established, but the yields of these processes are usually low. Enzyme catalysis offers a suitable alternative here, and in the last 30 years, many synthesis routes for nucleotide sugars have been discovered and used for production. However, many of the published procedures shy away from assessing the practicability of their processes. With this review, we give an insight into the development of the (chemo)enzymatic nucleotide sugar synthesis pathways of the last years and present an assessment of critical process parameters such as total turnover number (TTN), space-time yield (STY), and enzyme loading.
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4
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Kim G, Yoon Y, Park JH, Park JW, Noh MG, Kim H, Park C, Kwon H, Park JH, Kim Y, Sohn J, Park S, Kim H, Im SK, Kim Y, Chung HY, Nam MH, Kwon JY, Kim IY, Kim YJ, Baek JH, Kim HS, Weinstock GM, Cho B, Lee C, Fang S, Park H, Seong JK. Bifidobacterial carbohydrate/nucleoside metabolism enhances oxidative phosphorylation in white adipose tissue to protect against diet-induced obesity. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:188. [PMID: 36333752 PMCID: PMC9635107 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparisons of the gut microbiome of lean and obese humans have revealed that obesity is associated with the gut microbiome plus changes in numerous environmental factors, including high-fat diet (HFD). Here, we report that two species of Bifidobacterium are crucial to controlling metabolic parameters in the Korean population. RESULTS Based on gut microbial analysis from 99 Korean individuals, we observed the abundance of Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium bifidum was markedly reduced in individuals with increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT), body mass index (BMI), blood triglyceride (TG), and fatty liver. Bacterial transcriptomic analysis revealed that carbohydrate/nucleoside metabolic processes of Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium bifidum were associated with protecting against diet-induced obesity. Oral treatment of specific commercial Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium bifidum enhanced bile acid signaling contributing to potentiate oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in adipose tissues, leading to reduction of body weight gain and improvement in hepatic steatosis and glucose homeostasis. Bifidobacterium longum or Bifidobacterium bifidum manipulated intestinal sterol biosynthetic processes to protect against diet-induced obesity in germ-free mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the notion that treatment of carbohydrate/nucleoside metabolic processes-enriched Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium bifidum would be a novel therapeutic strategy for reprograming the host metabolic homeostasis to protect against metabolic syndromes, including diet-induced obesity. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihyeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 255, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Youngmin Yoon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Won Park
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 255, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Myung-Guin Noh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | - Changho Park
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 255, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyuktae Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Yena Kim
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 255, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Sohn
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 255, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Shinyoung Park
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 255, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyeonhui Kim
- Graduate school of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Kyoung Im
- Graduate school of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeongmin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ha Yung Chung
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung Hee Nam
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee Young Kwon
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, 06032, USA
| | - Il Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Plus Program for Advanced Veterinary Science and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Jae Kim
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Baek
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak Su Kim
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - George M Weinstock
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, 06032, USA
| | - Belong Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Charles Lee
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, 06032, USA
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Sungsoon Fang
- Graduate school of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hansoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea.
- Genome and Company, Pangyo-ro 255, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Plus Program for Advanced Veterinary Science and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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5
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Li Y, Yang X, Gao R. Thermophilic Inorganic Pyrophosphatase Ton1914 from Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 Removes the Inhibitory Effect of Pyrophosphate. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112735. [PMID: 36361526 PMCID: PMC9653972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrophosphate (PPi) is a byproduct of over 120 biosynthetic reactions, and an overabundance of PPi can inhibit industrial synthesis. Pyrophosphatases (PPases) can effectively hydrolyze pyrophosphate to remove the inhibitory effect of pyrophosphate. In the present work, a thermophilic alkaline inorganic pyrophosphatase from Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 was studied. The optimum pH and temperature of Ton1914 were 9.0 and 80 °C, respectively, and the half-life was 52 h at 70 °C and 2.5 h at 90 °C. Ton1914 showed excellent thermal stability, and its relative enzyme activity, when incubated in Tris-HCl 9.0 containing 1.6 mM Mg2+ at 90 °C for 5 h, was still 100%, which was much higher than the control, whose relative activity was only 37%. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) results showed that the promotion of Ton1914 on long-chain DNA was more efficient than that on short-chain DNA when the same concentration of templates was supplemented. The yield of long-chain products was increased by 32-41%, while that of short-chain DNA was only improved by 9.5-15%. Ton1914 also increased the yields of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose enzymatic synthesis from 40.1% to 84.8% and 20.9% to 35.4%, respectively. These findings suggested that Ton1914 has considerable potential for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renjun Gao
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-186-0431-3058
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6
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Lan C, Zhao B, Yang L, Zhou Y, Guo S, Zhang X, Zhang J. Determination of UDP-Glucose and UDP-Galactose in Maize by Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography and Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 2022:7015311. [PMID: 35800972 PMCID: PMC9256458 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7015311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide sugars, the activated forms of monosaccharides, are important intermediates of carbohydrate metabolism in all organisms. Here, we describe a method for the detection and quantification of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose in maize in order to compare their metabolism in both wild-type and mutated plants. Triple quadrupole operating in a multiple reaction monitoring mode was used to quantify nucleotide sugars. The limits of detection for UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose were 0.50 and 0.70 ng·mL-1, respectively. The recoveries of the method ranged from 98.3% to 103.6% with the relative standard deviations less than 6.3%. To prove the applicability of this method, we analyzed several sets of maize extracts obtained from different cultivars grown under standardized greenhouse conditions. All the results demonstrated the suitability of the developed method to quantify UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose in maize extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yusen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Chiang PY, Adak AK, Liang WL, Tsai CY, Tseng HK, Cheng JY, Hwu JR, Yu AL, Hung JT, Lin CC. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Globo-series Glycosphingolipids and Evaluation of Their Immunosuppressive Activities. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200403. [PMID: 35616406 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) play essential roles in many important biological processes, making them attractive synthetic targets. In this paper, a viable chemoenzymatic method is described for the synthesis of globo-series GSLs, namely, Gb4, Gb5, SSEA-4, and Globo H. The strategy uses a chemically synthesized lactoside acceptor equipped with a partial ceramide structure that is uniquely extended by glycosyltransferases in a highly efficient one-pot multiple engyme (OPME) procedure. A direct and quantitative conversion of Gb4 sphingosine to Globo H sphingosine is achieved by performing two-sequential OPME glycosylations. A reduction and N -acylation protocol allows facile incorporation of various fatty acids into the lipid portions of the GSLs. The chemically well-defined lipid-modified Globo H-GSLs displayed some differences in their immunosuprressive activities, which may benefit the structural modifications of Globo h ceramides in finding new types of immunosuppressive agents. The strategy outlined in this work should be applicable to rapid access to other complex GSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yun Chiang
- National Tsing Hua University, Department of Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Avijit K Adak
- National Tsing Hua University, Department of Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Wei-Lun Liang
- National Tsing Hua University, Department of Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Chen-Yen Tsai
- National Tsing Hua University, Department of Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Hsin-Kai Tseng
- National Tsing Hua University, Departemnt of Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Jing-Yan Cheng
- Chang Gung University, Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, TAIWAN
| | - Jih Ru Hwu
- National Tsing Hua University, Department of Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Alice L Yu
- Chang Gung University, Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, TAIWAN
| | - Jung-Tung Hung
- Chang Gung University, Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, TAIWAN
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- National Tsing Hua University, Department of chemistry, 101 Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd, 30013, Hsinchu, TAIWAN
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Fu X, Gadi MR, Wang S, Han J, Liu D, Chen X, Yin J, Li L. General Tolerance of Galactosyltransferases toward UDP‐galactosamine Expands Their Synthetic Capability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Fu
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
- Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | | | - Shuaishuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Jinghua Han
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
- Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
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9
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Fu X, Gadi MR, Wang S, Han J, Liu D, Chen X, Yin J, Li L. General Tolerance of Galactosyltransferases toward UDP-galactosamine Expands Their Synthetic Capability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26555-26560. [PMID: 34661966 PMCID: PMC8720041 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Accessing large numbers of structurally diverse glycans and derivatives is essential to functional glycomics. We showed a general tolerance of galactosyltransferases toward uridine-diphosphate-galactosamine (UDP-GalN), which is not a commonly used sugar nucleotide donor. The property was harnessed to develop a two-step chemoenzymatic strategy for facile synthesis of novel and divergent N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-glycosides and derivatives in preparative scales. The discovery and the application of the new property of existing glycosyltransferases expand their catalytic capabilities in generating novel carbohydrate linkages, thus prompting the synthesis of diverse glycans and glycoconjugates for biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
- Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | | | - Shuaishuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Jinghua Han
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
- Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
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10
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Chen D, Fan S, Yang Z, Dai J. Biocatalytic Application of a Membrane‐Bound Coumarin C‐Glucosyltransferase in the Synthesis of Coumarin and Benzofuran C‐Glucosides. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College 1 Xian Nong Tan Street Beijing 100050 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Fan
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College 1 Tian Tan Xi Li Beijing 100050 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyong Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College 1 Tian Tan Xi Li Beijing 100050 People's Republic of China
| | - Jungui Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College 1 Xian Nong Tan Street Beijing 100050 People's Republic of China
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11
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Zhao L, Ma Z, Yin J, Shi G, Ding Z. Biological strategies for oligo/polysaccharide synthesis: biocatalyst and microbial cell factory. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 258:117695. [PMID: 33593568 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides constitute the principal components of carbohydrates, which are important biomacromolecules that demonstrate considerable bioactivities. However, the variety and structural complexity of oligo/polysaccharides represent a major challenge for biological and structural explorations. To access structurally defined oligo/polysaccharides, biological strategies using glycoenzyme biocatalysts have shown remarkable synthetic potential attributed to their regioselectivity and stereoselectivity that allow mild, structurally controlled reaction without addition of protecting groups necessary in chemical strategies. This review summarizes recent biotechnological approaches of oligo/polysaccharide synthesis, which mainly includes in vitro enzymatic synthesis and cell factory synthesis. We have discussed the important factors involved in the production of nucleotide sugars. Furthermore, the strategies established in the cell factory and enzymatic syntheses are summarized, and we have highlighted concepts like metabolic flux rebuilding and regulation, enzyme engineering, and route design as important strategies. The research challenges and prospects are also outlined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Zhongbao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Guiyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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12
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Li Y, Zhao M, Chen W, Du H, Xie X, Wang D, Dai Y, Xia Q, Wang G. Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals that multiple hormone signal transduction and carbohydrate metabolic pathways are affected by Bacillus cereus in Nicotiana tabacum. Genomics 2020; 112:4254-4267. [PMID: 32679071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is thought to be a beneficial bacterium for plants in several aspects, such as promoting plant growth and inducing plant disease resistance. However, there is no detailed report on the effect of Bacillus cereus acting on Nicotiana tabacum. In the present study, RNA-based sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to identify the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between B. cereus CGMCC 5977 and N. tabacum. A total of 7345 and 5604 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from leaves inoculated with Bacillus cereus at 6 and 24 hpi, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed that the most DEGs could be significantly enriched in hormone signal transduction, the MAPK signaling pathway, photosynthesis, oxidative stress, and amino sugar, and nucleotide sugar metabolism. Furthermore, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis was severely affected by inoculation with Bacillus cereus. In the hormone signal pathway, multiple DEGs were involved in plant defense-related major hormones, including activation of jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (Eth). Further analyses showed that other hormone-related genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), auxin (AUX), and cytokinin (CK) also showed changes. Notably, a large number of genes associated with glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, catabolism of starch and oxidative stress were induced. In addition, the majority of DEGs related to nucleic acid sugar metabolism were also significantly upregulated. Biochemical assays showed that the starch content of B. cereus-treated leaves was reduced to 2.51 mg/g and 2.38 mg/g at 6 and 24 hpi, respectively, while that of the control sample was 5.42 mg/g. Overall, our results demonstrated that multiple hormone signal transduction and carbohydrate metabolic pathways are involved in the interaction of tobacco and B. cereus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Chongqing Institute of Tobacco Science, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hongyi Du
- Technology Center of China, Tobacco Chongqing Industrial Co.,Ltd, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Daibin Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Tobacco Science, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ya Dai
- Technology Center of China, Tobacco Chongqing Industrial Co.,Ltd, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Genhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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13
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Zhang X, Sheng W, Li K, Rong Y, Wu Q, Meng Q, Kong Y, Chen M. Substrate specificity of the galactokinase from the human gut symbiont Akkermansia muciniphila ATCC BAA-835. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 139:109568. [PMID: 32732027 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Galactokinases, which catalyze the phosphorylation of galactose and possible other monosaccharides, can provide an activated sugar donor to synthesize sugar-containing molecules. In this study, a novel galactokinase from human gut symbiont Akkermansia muciniphila ATCC BAA-835 (GalKAmu) was expressed and characterized. GalKAmu displayed broad substrate tolerance, with catalytic activity towards Gal (100 %), GalN (100 %), GalA (20.2 %), Glc (52.5 %), GlcNAc (15.5 %), Xyl (<5%), ManNAc (58 %), ManF (37.4 %) and l-Glc (80 %). Most interestingly, this was the first GalK isoform which can tolerate ManNAc. Thus, our characterization of GalKAmu broadens the substrate selection of galactokinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunlian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Weihao Sheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Kun Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Yongheng Rong
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Qizheng Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Qingyun Meng
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Yun Kong
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
| | - Min Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
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14
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Zang LX, Du RR, Zang HC, Wang FS, Sheng JZ. Production of Arabidopsis thaliana UDP-Sugar Pyrophosphorylase by Pichia pastoris and Its Application in Efficient UDP-Glucose and UDP-Glucuronic Acid Synthesis. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819060152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Gottschalk J, Zaun H, Eisele A, Kuballa J, Elling L. Key Factors for A One-Pot Enzyme Cascade Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225664. [PMID: 31726754 PMCID: PMC6888640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, interest in medical or cosmetic applications of hyaluronic acid (HA) has increased. Size and dispersity are key characteristics of biological function. In contrast to extraction from animal tissue or bacterial fermentation, enzymatic in vitro synthesis is the choice to produce defined HA. Here we present a one-pot enzyme cascade with six enzymes for the synthesis of HA from the cheap monosaccharides glucuronic acid (GlcA) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). The combination of two enzyme modules, providing the precursors UDP–GlcA and UDP–GlcNAc, respectively, with hyaluronan synthase from Pasteurella multocida (PmHAS), was optimized to meet the kinetic requirements of PmHAS for high HA productivity and molecular weight. The Mg2+ concentration and the pH value were found as key factors. The HA product can be tailored by different conditions: 25 mM Mg2+ and 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)-NaOH pH 8 result into an HA product with high Mw HA (1.55 MDa) and low dispersity (1.05). Whereas with 15 mM Mg2+ and HEPES–NaOH pH 8.5, we reached the highest HA concentration (2.7 g/L) with a yield of 86.3%. Our comprehensive data set lays the basis for larger scale enzymatic HA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gottschalk
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Henning Zaun
- Research and Development Department, GALAB Laboratories GmbH, Am Schleusengraben 7, 21029 Hamburg, Germany; (H.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Anna Eisele
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Jürgen Kuballa
- Research and Development Department, GALAB Laboratories GmbH, Am Schleusengraben 7, 21029 Hamburg, Germany; (H.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.G.); (A.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-241-80-28350
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16
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Li PJ, Huang SY, Chiang PY, Fan CY, Guo LJ, Wu DY, Angata T, Lin CC. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of DSGb5 and Sialylated Globo-series Glycans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11273-11278. [PMID: 31140679 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sialic-acid-binding, immunoglobulin-type lectin-7 (Siglec-7) is present on the surface of natural killer cells. Siglec-7 shows preference for disialylated glycans, including α(2,8)-α(2,3)-disialic acids or internally branched α(2,6)-NeuAc, such as disialosylglobopentaose (DSGb5). Herein, DSGb5 was synthesized by a one-pot multiple enzyme method from Gb5 by α2,3-sialylation (with PmST1) followed by α2,6-sialylation (with Psp2,6ST) in 23 % overall yield. DSGb5 was also chemoenzymatically synthesized. The protection of the nonreducing-end galactose of Gb5 as 3,4-O-acetonide, 3,4-O-benzylidene, and 4,6-O-benzylidene derivatives provided DSGb5 in overall yields of 26 %, 12 %, and 19 %, respectively. Gb3, Gb4, and Gb5 were enzymatically sialylated to afford a range of globo-glycans. Surprisingly, DSGb5 shows a low affinity for Siglec-7 in a glycan microarray binding affinity assay. Among the synthesized globo-series glycans, α6α3DSGb4 shows the highest binding affinity for Siglec-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jhen Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yo Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jhen Guo
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Dung-Yeh Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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17
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Li P, Huang S, Chiang P, Fan C, Guo L, Wu D, Angata T, Lin C. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of DSGb5 and Sialylated Globo‐series Glycans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei‐Jhen Li
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Szu‐Yu Huang
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Yun Chiang
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Chen‐Yo Fan
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Li‐Jhen Guo
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Dung‐Yeh Wu
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological ChemistryAcademia Sinica 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd. Nankang Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Chun‐Cheng Lin
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
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18
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Wen L, Edmunds G, Gibbons C, Zhang J, Gadi MR, Zhu H, Fang J, Liu X, Kong Y, Wang PG. Toward Automated Enzymatic Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8151-8187. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Garrett Edmunds
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Christopher Gibbons
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Madhusudhan Reddy Gadi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Hailiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Junqiang Fang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xianwei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yun Kong
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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19
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Wang J, Greenway H, Li S, Wei M, Polizzi SJ, Wang PG. Facile and Stereo-Selective Synthesis of UDP-α-D-xylose and UDP-β-L-arabinose Using UDP-Sugar Pyrophosphorylase. Front Chem 2018; 6:163. [PMID: 29876343 PMCID: PMC5974040 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel synthesis of nucleotide sugars was conducted to prepare UDP-α-D-xylose and UDP-β-L-arabinose without utilizing protection strategies or advanced purification techniques. Sugar-1-phosphates of D-xylose and L-arabinose were synthesized from their β-glycosylsulfonylhydrazides and evaluated as substrates for recombinant UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylases from Arabidopsis thaliana or Bifidobacterium infantis to furnish the biologically active nucleotide. The facile, three-step procedure takes advantage of substrate diversity available through chemical synthesis followed by the selectivity of enzyme catalysis. This approach increases the substrate scope of enzymatic preparation and expands access to stereopure nucleotide sugars on preparative scale. Increased production of both sugars has implications for glycoengineering and glycan production using glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaJia Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Harmon Greenway
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Chemily, LLC, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mohui Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Peng G. Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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20
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Huang K, Parmeggiani F, Pallister E, Huang CJ, Liu FF, Li Q, Birmingham WR, Both P, Thomas B, Liu L, Voglmeir J, Flitsch SL. Characterisation of a Bacterial Galactokinase with High Activity and Broad Substrate Tolerance for Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of 6-Aminogalactose-1-Phosphate and Analogues. Chembiochem 2018; 19:388-394. [PMID: 29193544 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyl phosphates are important intermediates in many metabolic pathways and are substrates for diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes. Thus, there is a need to develop libraries of structurally similar analogues that can be used as selective chemical probes in glycomics. Here, we explore chemoenzymatic cascades for the fast generation of glycosyl phosphate libraries without protecting-group strategies. The key enzyme is a new bacterial galactokinase (LgGalK) cloned from Leminorella grimontii, which was produced in Escherichia coli and shown to catalyse 1-phosphorylation of galactose. LgGalK displayed a broad substrate tolerance, being able to catalyse the 1-phosphorylation of a number of galactose analogues, including 3-deoxy-3-fluorogalactose and 4-deoxy-4-fluorogalactose, which were first reported to be substrates for wild-type galactokinase. LgGalK and galactose oxidase variant M1 were combined in a one-pot, two-step system to synthesise 6-oxogalactose-1-phosphate and 6-oxo-2-fluorogalactose-1-phosphate, which were subsequently used to produce a panel of 30 substituted 6-aminogalactose-1-phosphate derivatives by chemical reductive amination in a one-pot, three-step chemoenzymatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Huang
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Edward Pallister
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Chuen-Jiuan Huang
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Fang-Fang Liu
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qian Li
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - William R Birmingham
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Peter Both
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Baptiste Thomas
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Li Liu
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sabine L Flitsch
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
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21
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Li S, Wang S, Fu X, Liu XW, Wang PG, Fang J. Sequential one-pot multienzyme synthesis of hyaluronan and its derivative. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 178:221-227. [PMID: 29050588 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a linear polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units. It has been well documented to play an array of biological functions in cancer events. Here, we reported a sequential one-pot multienzyme (OPME) strategy for in vitro synthesis of HA and its derivatives. The strategy, which combined in situ sugar nucleotides generation with HA chain polymerization, could convert cheap monosaccharides into HA polymers without consuming exogenous sugar nucleotide donors. HA polymers (number-average molecular weight ranged from 1.5×104 to 5.5×105Da) with over 70% yields were efficiently synthesized and purified from this one-pot system. More importantly, partial labeled HA derivative was further synthesized by metabolic incorporation of unnatural monosaccharide analogues into the sequential OPME system. Cross-linked HA hydrogel was achieved via copper (I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition and exhibited novel networks consisting of both inter- and intra-connected HA chains, which could facilitate the potential applications of this unique polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycochemistry Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | - Xuan Fu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycochemistry Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Wei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycochemistry Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng George Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycochemistry Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China; Department of Chemistry and Center of Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | - Junqiang Fang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycochemistry Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Wahl C, Spiertz M, Elling L. Characterization of a new UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase from Hordeum vulgare (barley). J Biotechnol 2017; 258:51-55. [PMID: 28347767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The broad substrate spectrum of UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylases from plant salvage pathways is of high interest for the synthesis of expensive nucleotide sugars by straightforward enzyme cascade reactions in combination with monosaccharide kinases. We here present a new UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase from Hordeum vulgare with favorable biochemical properties like broad pH and temperature tolerances as well as a broad substrate spectrum and high synthesis stability. Enzyme properties were determined and reaction conditions were optimized by high-through-put multiplexed capillary electrophoresis analysis. In combination with a galactokinase UDP-α-d-galactose (UDP-Gal) was efficiently synthesized with a space-time-yield of 17g/L*h for full conversion of 10mM substrate within 20min by 1.2U of each enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Wahl
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Spiertz
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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23
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Kulmer ST, Gutmann A, Lemmerer M, Nidetzky B. Biocatalytic Cascade of Polyphosphate Kinase and Sucrose Synthase for Synthesis of Nucleotide-Activated Derivatives of Glucose. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra T. Kulmer
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering; Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz; Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Alexander Gutmann
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering; Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz; Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Martin Lemmerer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering; Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz; Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
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24
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Decker D, Kleczkowski LA. Substrate Specificity and Inhibitor Sensitivity of Plant UDP-Sugar Producing Pyrophosphorylases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1610. [PMID: 28970843 PMCID: PMC5609113 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
UDP-sugars are essential precursors for glycosylation reactions producing cell wall polysaccharides, sucrose, glycoproteins, glycolipids, etc. Primary mechanisms of UDP sugar formation involve the action of at least three distinct pyrophosphorylases using UTP and sugar-1-P as substrates. Here, substrate specificities of barley and Arabidopsis (two isozymes) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (UGPase), Arabidopsis UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase) and Arabidopsis UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine pyrophosphorylase2 (UAGPase2) were investigated using a range of sugar-1-phosphates and nucleoside-triphosphates as substrates. Whereas all the enzymes preferentially used UTP as nucleotide donor, they differed in their specificity for sugar-1-P. UGPases had high activity with D-Glc-1-P, but could also react with Fru-1-P and Fru-2-P (Km values over 10 mM). Contrary to an earlier report, their activity with Gal-1-P was extremely low. USPase reacted with a range of sugar-1-phosphates, including D-Glc-1-P, D-Gal-1-P, D-GalA-1-P (Km of 1.3 mM), β-L-Ara-1-P and α-D-Fuc-1-P (Km of 3.4 mM), but not β-L-Fuc-1-P. In contrast, UAGPase2 reacted only with D-GlcNAc-1-P, D-GalNAc-1-P (Km of 1 mM) and, to some extent, D-Glc-1-P (Km of 3.2 mM). Generally, different conformations/substituents at C2, C4, and C5 of the pyranose ring of a sugar were crucial determinants of substrate specificity of a given pyrophosphorylase. Homology models of UDP-sugar binding to UGPase, USPase and UAGPase2 revealed more common amino acids for UDP binding than for sugar binding, reflecting differences in substrate specificity of these proteins. UAGPase2 was inhibited by a salicylate derivative that was earlier shown to affect UGPase and USPase activities, consistent with a common structural architecture of the three pyrophosphorylases. The results are discussed with respect to the role of the pyrophosphorylases in sugar activation for glycosylated end-products.
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Gutmann A, Nidetzky B. Unlocking the Potential of Leloir Glycosyltransferases for Applied Biocatalysis: Efficient Synthesis of Uridine 5′-Diphosphate-Glucose by Sucrose Synthase. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gutmann
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering; Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz; Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering; Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz; Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
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26
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Functional analysis of anomeric sugar kinases. Carbohydr Res 2016; 432:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wahl C, Hirtz D, Elling L. Multiplexed Capillary Electrophoresis as Analytical Tool for Fast Optimization of Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactions - Synthesis of Nucleotide Sugars: Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Vladimir Křen on the occasion of his 60 th birthday. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1298-1308. [PMID: 27311566 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide sugars are considered as bottleneck and expensive substrates for enzymatic glycan synthesis using Leloir-glycosyltransferases. Synthesis from cheap substrates such as monosaccharides is accomplished by multi-enzyme cascade reactions. Optimization of product yields in such enzyme modules is dependent on the interplay of multiple parameters of the individual enzymes and governed by a considerable time effort when convential analytic methods like capillary electrophoresis (CE) or HPLC are applied. We here demonstrate for the first time multiplexed CE (MP-CE) as fast analytical tool for the optimization of nucleotide sugar synthesis with multi-enzyme cascade reactions. We introduce a universal separation method for nucleotides and nucleotide sugars enabling us to analyze the composition of six different enzyme modules in a high-throughput format. Optimization of parameters (T, pH, inhibitors, kinetics, cofactors and enzyme amount) employing MP-CE analysis is demonstrated for enzyme modules for the synthesis of UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) and UDP-α-D-galactose (UDP-Gal). In this way we achieve high space-time-yields: 1.8 g/L⋆h for UDP-GlcA and 17 g/L⋆h for UDP-Gal. The presented MP-CE methodology has the impact to be used as general analytical tool for fast optimization of multi-enzyme cascade reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Wahl
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dennis Hirtz
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Muthana MM, Qu J, Xue M, Klyuchnik T, Siu A, Li Y, Zhang L, Yu H, Li L, Wang PG, Chen X. Improved one-pot multienzyme (OPME) systems for synthesizing UDP-uronic acids and glucuronides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:4595-8. [PMID: 25686901 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc10306h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana glucuronokinase (AtGlcAK) was cloned and shown to be able to use various uronic acids as substrates to produce the corresponding uronic acid-1-phosphates. AtGlcAK or Bifidobacterium infantis galactokinase (BiGalK) was used with a UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase, an inorganic pyrophosphatase, with or without a glycosyltransferase for highly efficient synthesis of UDP-uronic acids and glucuronides. These improved cost-effective one-pot multienzyme (OPME) systems avoid the use of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+))-cofactor in dehydrogenase-dependent UDP-glucuronic acid production processes and can be broadly applied for synthesizing various glucuronic acid-containing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musleh M Muthana
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Comparing substrate specificity of two UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylases and efficient one-pot enzymatic synthesis of UDP-GlcA and UDP-GalA. Carbohydr Res 2015; 411:1-5. [PMID: 25942062 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) and UDP-galacturonic acid (UDP-GalA), the unique carboxylic acid-formed sugar nucleotides, are key precursors involved in the biosynthesis of numerous cell components. Limited availability of those components has been hindering the development of efficient ways towards facile synthesis of bioactive glycans such as glycosaminoglycans. In current study, we biochemically characterized two UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylases from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtUSP) and Bifidobacterium infantis ATCC15697 (BiUSP), and compared their activities towards a panel of sugar-1-phosphates and derivatives. Both enzymes showed significant pyrophosphorylation activities towards GlcA-1-phosphate, and AtUSP also exhibited comparable activity towards GalA-1-phosphate. By combining with monosaccharide-1-phosphate kinases, we have developed an efficient and facile one-pot three-enzyme approach to quickly obtain hundreds milligrams of UDP-GlcA and UDP-GalA.
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Chien WT, Liang CF, Yu CC, Lin CH, Li SP, Primadona I, Chen YJ, Mong KKT, Lin CC. Sequential one-pot enzymatic synthesis of oligo-N-acetyllactosamine and its multi-sialylated extensions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:5786-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01227e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A simple and efficient protocol for the preparative-scale synthesis of various lengths of oligo-N-acetyllactosamine (oligo-LacNAc) and its multi-sialylated extensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Chien
- Department of Chemistry
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Fu Liang
- Department of Chemistry
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ching Yu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Si-Peng Li
- Department of Chemistry
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Indah Primadona
- Department of Chemistry
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Genomic Research Center
- Academia Sinica
| | - Kwok Kong T. Mong
- Applied Chemistry Department
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Genomic Research Center
- Academia Sinica
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