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Li Y, Li Y, Guo Y, Chen C, Yang L, Jiang Q, Ling P, Wang S, Li L, Fang J. Enzymatic modular synthesis of asymmetrically branched human milk oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121908. [PMID: 38494200 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are intricate glycans that promote healthy growth of infants and have been incorporated into infant formula as food additives. Despite their importance, the limited availability of asymmetrically branched HMOs hinders the exploration of their structure and function relationships. Herein, we report an enzymatic modular strategy for the efficient synthesis of these HMOs. The key branching enzyme for the assembly of branched HMOs, human β1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (GCNT2), was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris for the first time. Then, it was integrated with six other bacterial glycosyltransferases to establish seven glycosylation modules. Each module comprises a one-pot multi-enzyme (OPME) system for in-situ generation of costly sugar nucleotide donors, combined with a glycosyltransferase for specific glycosylation. This approach enabled the synthesis of 31 branched HMOs and 13 linear HMOs in a stepwise manner with well-programmed synthetic routes. The binding details of these HMOs with related glycan-binding proteins were subsequently elucidated using glycan microarray assays to provide insights into their biological functions. This comprehensive collection of synthetic HMOs not only serves as standards for HMOs structure identification in complex biological samples but also significantly enhances the fields of HMOs glycomics, opening new avenues for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshuang Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Yi Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
| | - Congcong Chen
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Lin Yang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Peixue Ling
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America.
| | - Junqiang Fang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of carbohydrate chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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Wang X, Zhao S, Fang G, Wang R, Lyu X, Shao X, Ling P, Meng C, Chen J, Mu Y. Lysosome passivation triggered by silver nanoparticles enhances subcellular-targeted drug therapy. Nanoscale 2024. [PMID: 38602353 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00451e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Frequently, subcellular-targeted drugs tend to accumulate in lysosomes after cellular absorption, a process termed the lysosomal trap. This accumulation often interferes with the drug's ability to bind to its target, resulting in decreased efficiency. Existing methods for addressing lysosome-induced drug resistance mainly involve improving the structures of small molecules or enveloping drugs in nanomaterials. Nonetheless, these approaches can lead to changes in the drug structure or potentially trigger unexpected reactions within organisms. To address these issues, we introduced a strategy that involves inactivating the lysosome with the use of Ag nanoparticles (Cy3.5@Ag NPs). In this method, the Cy3.5@Ag NPs gradually accumulate inside lysosomes, leading to permeation of the lysosomal membrane and subsequent lysosomal inactivation. In addition, Cy3.5@Ag NPs also significantly affected the motility of lysosomes and induced the occurrence of lysosome passivation. Importantly, coincubating Cy3.5@Ag NPs with various subcellular-targeted drugs was found to significantly increase the efficiency of these treatments. Our strategy illustrates the potential of using lysosomal inactivation to enhance drug efficacy, providing a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China.
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China.
| | - Shulin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China.
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China.
| | - Guiqian Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China.
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China.
| | - Ran Wang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, PR China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China.
| | - Xinxing Lyu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China.
| | - Xintian Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China.
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China.
| | - Peixue Ling
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - CaiCai Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China.
| | - Jia Chen
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China.
| | - Yanling Mu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China.
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Li Y, Lv Y, Li J, Ling P, Guo X, Zhang L, Ni J, Long Y. Dexamethasone relieves the inflammatory response caused by inguinal hernia meshes through miR-155. Hernia 2024:10.1007/s10029-024-02985-2. [PMID: 38492053 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-024-02985-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inguinal hernia is a relatively common condition. Most patients with inguinal hernia require surgery. At present, mesh repair is one of the most effective methods to treat inguinal hernia, but insertion of the mesh can cause inflammation. Dexamethasone (DEX) can treat inflammation, but the mechanism by which DEX alleviates inflammation caused by inguinal hernia mesh placement remains unclear. METHOD We randomly divided rats into groups: negative control (NC), inguinal hernia (IH), polypropylene mesh (PM), DEX treatment, and miR-155 treatment groups. RT-qPCR was performed to determine the expression of miR-155. ELISA was implemented to determine the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18. Western blotting was used to detect caspase-1, JAK1, p-JAK1, STAT3, and p-STAT3 expression. A dual-luciferase reporter gene array identified a connection between miR-155 and JAK1. RESULTS The results revealed that the expression of miR-155, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 was upregulated in the PM group. After DEX treatment, the secretion of miR-155, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 decreased. Dual luciferase results confirmed that miR-155 induced the targeted downregulation of JAK1, while a miR-155 mimic reversed the therapeutic effect of DEX, and the expression levels of p-JAK1 and p-STAT3 increased. CONCLUSION DEX regulates the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway through miR-155 to relieve inflammation caused by inguinal hernia meshes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Xishan District, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Y Lv
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Xishan District, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - J Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Xishan District, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - P Ling
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Xishan District, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - X Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Xishan District, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Xishan District, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - J Ni
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Xishan District, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Y Long
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Xishan District, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
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Li S, Shao H, Sun T, Guo X, Zhang X, Zeng Q, Fang S, Liu X, Wang F, Liu F, Ling P. Anti-neuroinflammatory effect of hydroxytyrosol: a potential strategy for anti-depressant development. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1366683. [PMID: 38495098 PMCID: PMC10940523 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1366683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Depression is a complex psychiatric disorder with substantial societal impact. While current antidepressants offer moderate efficacy, their adverse effects and limited understanding of depression's pathophysiology hinder the development of more effective treatments. Amidst this complexity, the role of neuroinflammation, a recognized but poorly understood associate of depression, has gained increasing attention. This study investigates hydroxytyrosol (HT), an olive-derived phenolic antioxidant, for its antidepressant and anti-neuroinflammatory properties based on mitochondrial protection. Methods: In vitro studies on neuronal injury models, the protective effect of HT on mitochondrial ultrastructure from inflammatory damage was investigated in combination with high-resolution imaging of mitochondrial substructures. In animal models, depressive-like behaviors of chronic restraint stress (CRS) mice and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats were examined to investigate the alleviating effects of HT. Targeted metabolomics and RNA-Seq in CUMS rats were used to analyze the potential antidepressant pathways of HT. Results: HT protected mitochondrial ultrastructure from inflammatory damage, thus exerting neuroprotective effects in neuronal injury models. Moreover, HT reduced depressive-like behaviors in mice and rats exposed to CRS and CUMS, respectively. HT's influence in the CRS model included alleviating hippocampal neuronal damage and modulating cytokine production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. Targeted metabolomics in CUMS rats revealed HT's effect on neurotransmitter levels and tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism. RNA-Seq data underscored HT's antidepressant mechanism through the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways, key in nerve fiber functions, myelin formation, microglial differentiation, and neural regeneration. Discussion: The findings underscore HT's potential as an anti-neuroinflammatory treatment for depression, shedding light on its antidepressant effects and its relevance in nutritional psychiatry. Further investigations are warranted to comprehensively delineate its mechanisms and optimize its clinical application in depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiguang Li
- Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huarong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingkai Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shaoying Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peixue Ling
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Ma L, Wang W, Xu G, Li H, Liu F, Shao H, Zhang X, Ma Y, Li G, Li H, Gao S, Ling P. Connexin 43 in the function and homeostasis of osteocytes: a narrative review. Ann Jt 2023; 9:10. [PMID: 38529291 PMCID: PMC10929443 DOI: 10.21037/aoj-23-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the main gap junction (GJ) protein and hemichannel protein in bone tissue. It is involved in the formation of hemichannels and GJs and establishes channels that can communicate directly to exchange substances and signals, affecting the structure and function of osteocytes. CX43 is very important for the normal development of bone tissue and the establishment and balance of bone reconstruction. However, the molecular mechanisms by which CX43 regulates osteoblast function and homeostasis have been less well studied, and this article provides a review of research in this area. Methods We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for studies published up to June 2023 using the keywords Connexin 43/Cx43 and Osteocytes. Screening of literatures according to inclusion and exclusion guidelines and summarized the results. Key Content and Findings Osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts all express Cx43 and form an overall network through the interaction between GJs. Cx43 is not only involved in the mechanical response of bone tissue but also in the regulation of signal transduction, which could provide new molecular markers and novel targets for the treatment of certain bone diseases. Conclusions Cx43 is expressed in osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteoclasts and plays an important role in regulating the function, signal transduction, and mechanotransduction of osteocytes. This review offers a new contribution to the literature by summarizing the relationship between Cx43, a key protein of bone tissue, and osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, China
- Post-doctoral Station of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenzhao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guixuan Xu
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Huarong Shao
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhang
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Yuxia Ma
- Post-doctoral Station of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Operating Room, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuzhong Gao
- Post-doctoral Station of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Peixue Ling
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, China
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Wu S, Li Y, Chen S, Zhai H, Ling P. Design and construction of poly (L-lactic-acid) nanofibrous yarns and threads with controllable structure and performances. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 148:106214. [PMID: 37918339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The design and development of electrospun nanofibrous yarns (ENYs) have attracted intensive attentions in the fields of biomedical textiles and tissue engineering, but the inferior fiber arrangement structure, low yarn eveness, and poor tensile properties of currently-obtained ENYs has been troubled for a long time. In this study, a series of innovative strategies which combined a modified electrospinning method with some traditional textile processes like hot stretching, twisting, and plying, were designed and implemented to generate poly (L-lactic-acid) (PLLA) ENYs with adjustable morphology, structure, and tensile properties. PLLA ENYs made from bead-free and uniform PLLA nanofibers were fabricated by our modified electrospinning method, but the as-spun PLLA ENYs exhibited relatively lower fiber alignment degree and tensile properties. A hot stretching technique was explored to process the primary PLLA ENYs to improve the fiber alignment and crystallinity, resulting in a 779.7% increasement for ultimate stress and a 470.4% enhancement for Young's modulus, respectively. Then, the twisting post-treatment was applied to process as-stretched PLLA ENYs, and the tensile performances of as-twisted ENYs was found to present a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increasing of twisting degree. Finally, the PLLA threads made from different numbers of as-stretched PLLA ENYs were also manufactured with a traditional plying process, demonstrating the feasibility of further improving the yarn diameter and tensile properties. In all, this study reported a simple and cost-effective technique roadmap which could generate high performance PLLA nanofiber-constructed yarns or threads with controllable structures like highly aligned fiber orientation, twisted structure, and plied structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, 250101, China; College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Yiran Li
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shaojuan Chen
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Huiyuan Zhai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, China.
| | - Peixue Ling
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, 250101, China.
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Li Y, Hou H, Liu Z, Tang W, Wang J, Lu L, Fu J, Gao D, Zhao F, Gao X, Ling P, Wang F, Sun F, Tan H. CD44 targeting nanodrug based on chondroitin sulfate for melanoma therapy by inducing mitochondrial apoptosis pathways. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 320:121255. [PMID: 37659829 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Neovascularization is crucial to the occurrence and progression of tumors, and the development of antiangiogenic drugs has essential theoretical value and clinical significance. However, antiangiogenesis therapy alone cannot meet the needs of tumor therapy. Meanwhile, polysaccharides are ideal drug carriers with promising applications in drug modification and delivery. In this research, we developed a novel redox and acid sensitive nanodrug (CDDP-CS-Cys-EA, CCEA) composed of chondroitin sulfate (CS), antiangiogenic peptide (endostatin2-alft1, EA) and chemotherapeutic drug (cisplatin, CDDP). CCEA exhibited redox and acid responsiveness, better blood hemocompatibility (hemolysis rate < 5 %), the ability to target tumors (CD44-mediated endocytosis), and strong antiangiogenesis and antitumor characteristics in vitro. Moreover, CCEA showed excellent antitumor activity and low toxicity in B16 xenograft mice. It also has been confirmed that CCEA induced tumor cell apoptosis through promoting the expression of Bax, suppressing the expression of Bcl-2, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, releasing cytochrome C (Cyto C), and enhancing the activities of Caspase 9 and Caspase 3. The results of this paper provided a theoretical basis and insight for the development of antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huiwen Hou
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zengmei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wen Tang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lu Lu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jiaai Fu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Didi Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Feiyan Zhao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - XinQing Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Peixue Ling
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Feng Sun
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Haining Tan
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Li Y, Meng Q, Chen S, Ling P, Kuss MA, Duan B, Wu S. Advances, challenges, and prospects for surgical suture materials. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:78-112. [PMID: 37516417 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
As one of the long-established and necessary medical devices, surgical sutures play an essentially important role in the closing and healing of damaged tissues and organs postoperatively. The recent advances in multiple disciplines, like materials science, engineering technology, and biomedicine, have facilitated the generation of various innovative surgical sutures with humanization and multi-functionalization. For instance, the application of numerous absorbable materials is assuredly a marvelous progression in terms of surgical sutures. Moreover, some fantastic results from recent laboratory research cannot be ignored either, ranging from the fiber generation to the suture structure, as well as the suture modification, functionalization, and even intellectualization. In this review, the suture materials, including natural or synthetic polymers, absorbable or non-absorbable polymers, and metal materials, were first introduced, and then their advantages and disadvantages were summarized. Then we introduced and discussed various fiber fabrication strategies for the production of surgical sutures. Noticeably, advanced nanofiber generation strategies were highlighted. This review further summarized a wide and diverse variety of suture structures and further discussed their different features. After that, we covered the advanced design and development of surgical sutures with multiple functionalizations, which mainly included surface coating technologies and direct drug-loading technologies. Meanwhile, the review highlighted some smart and intelligent sutures that can monitor the wound status in a real-time manner and provide on-demand therapies accordingly. Furthermore, some representative commercial sutures were also introduced and summarized. At the end of this review, we discussed the challenges and future prospects in the field of surgical sutures in depth. This review aims to provide a meaningful reference and guidance for the future design and fabrication of innovative surgical sutures. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review article introduces the recent advances of surgical sutures, including material selection, fiber morphology, suture structure and construction, as well as suture modification, functionalization, and even intellectualization. Importantly, some innovative strategies for the construction of multifunctional sutures with predetermined biological properties are highlighted. Moreover, some important commercial suture products are systematically summarized and compared. This review also discusses the challenges and future prospects of advanced sutures in a deep manner. In all, this review is expected to arouse great interest from a broad group of readers in the fields of multifunctional biomaterials and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qi Meng
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shaojuan Chen
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Peixue Ling
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Mitchell A Kuss
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Shaohua Wu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, 250101, China.
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9
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Ling P, Shen Z, Wei CR, Zhu BH, Wu GS, Sun Y. [Progress of lung organoids in lung epithelial repair and regenerative medicine]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2023; 46:819-824. [PMID: 37536994 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20230223-00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical barrier of lung is made up of epithelial cells which participate in gas exchange. Some of these cells have stem cell potential and are known as lung epithelial stem cells. They play an important role in maintaining lung homeostasis and repairing injured epithelial cells. Organoids are derived from pluripotent stem cells or adult stem cells cultured in a three-dimensional manner in vitro. Their structure and function are very similar to original tissues or organs. They can also self-renew, proliferate, and differentiate. Lung organoids can simulate the structure and function of epithelial cells in vitro. They provide an ideal model for the study of lung epithelial stem cells, which repair epithelial cells in vitro. Meanwhile, they provide an ideal graft for regenerative medicine. Around the lung organoids, this review concludes the mechanisms involved in lung epithelial stem cells repairing epithelial cells, summarizes their applications in regenerative medicine, and provides related reference for the therapy of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ling
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433,China
| | - Z Shen
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433,China
| | - C R Wei
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433,China
| | - B H Zhu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433,China
| | - G S Wu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433,China
| | - Y Sun
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433,China
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10
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Tang W, Wang J, Hou H, Li Y, Wang J, Fu J, Lu L, Gao D, Liu Z, Zhao F, Gao X, Ling P, Wang F, Sun F, Tan H. Review: Application of chitosan and its derivatives in medical materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124398. [PMID: 37059277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Chitin is a natural polymeric polysaccharide extracted from marine crustaceans, and chitosan is obtained by removing part of the acetyl group (usually more than 60 %) in chitin's structure. Chitosan has attracted wide attention from researchers worldwide due to its good biodegradability, biocompatibility, hypoallergenic and biological activities (antibacterial, immune and antitumor activities). However, research has shown that chitosan does not melt or dissolve in water, alkaline solutions and general organic solvents, which greatly limits its application range. Therefore, researchers have carried out extensive and in-depth chemical modification of chitosan and prepared a variety of chitosan derivatives, which have expanded the application field of chitosan. Among them, the most extensive research has been conducted in the pharmaceutical field. This paper summarizes the application of chitosan and chitosan derivatives in medical materials over the past five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250001, Shandong, China
| | - Huiwen Hou
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaai Fu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Lu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Didi Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Zengmei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Feiyan Zhao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Xinqing Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Peixue Ling
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Sun
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Haining Tan
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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11
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Sun F, Hou H, Li Y, Tang W, Wang J, Lu L, Fu J, Liu Z, Gao D, Zhao F, Gao X, Ling P, Wang F, Tan H. Glycol-Split Heparin-Linked Prodrug Nanoparticles Target the Mitochondrion Apparatus for Cancer Metastasis Treatment. Small 2023:e2206491. [PMID: 36965026 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The progression and metastasis of solid tumors rely strongly on neovascularization. However, angiogenesis inhibitors alone cannot meet the needs of tumor therapy. This study prepared a new drug conjugate (PTX-GSHP-CYS-ES2, PGCE) by combining polysaccharides (heparin without anticoagulant activity, GSHP), chemotherapeutic drugs (paclitaxel, PTX), and antiangiogenic drugs (ES2). Furthermore, a tumor-targeted prodrug nanoparticle delivery system is established. The nanoparticles appear to accumulate in the mitochondrial of tumor cells and achieve ES2 and PTX release under high glutathione and acidic environment. It has been confirmed that PGCE inhibited the expression of multiple metastasis-related proteins by targeting the tumor cell mitochondrial apparatus and disrupting their structure. Furthermore, PGCE nanoparticles inhibit migration, invasion, and angiogenesis in B16F10 tumor-bearing mice and suppress tumor growth and metastasis in vitro. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments show that PGCE has strong antitumor growth and metastatic effects and exhibits efficient anti-angiogenesis properties. This multi-targeted nanoparticle system potentially enhances the antitumor and anti-metastatic effects of combination chemotherapy and antiangiogenic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Sun
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Huiwen Hou
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wen Tang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lu Lu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jiaai Fu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zengmei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Didi Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Feiyan Zhao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xinqing Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Peixue Ling
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Haining Tan
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
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12
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Chen M, Chen L, Yuan D, Niu L, Hu J, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Ling P, Liu F, Zhang D. Preparation, function, and safety evaluation of a novel degradable dermal filler, the cross-linked poly-γ-glutamic acid hydrogel particles. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:1407-1418. [PMID: 36930047 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA) is a naturally degradable hydrophilic linear microbial polymer with moisturizing, immunogenic, cross-linking, and hydrogel water absorption properties similar to hyaluronic acid, a biomaterial that is commonly used as a dermal filler. To explore the development feasibility of cross-linked PGA as a novel dermal filler, we studied the local skin response to PGA fillers and the effect of various cross-linking preparations on the average longevity of dermal injection. Injection site inflammation and the formation of collagen and elastin were also determined. PGA hydrogel particles prepared using 28% PGA and 10% 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether showed optimal filler properties, resistance to moist heat sterilization, and an average filling longevity of 94.7 ± 61.6 days in the dermis of rabbit ears. Local redness and swelling due to filler injection recovered within 14.2 ± 3.6 days. Local tissue necrosis or systemic allergic reactions were not observed, and local collagen formation was promoted. Preliminary results suggested that dermal injection of cross-linked PGA particles appeared safe and effective, suggesting that cross-linked PGA particles could be developed as a new hydrogel dermal filler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Chen
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Jinan, China
| | - Dandan Yuan
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Jinan, China
| | - Linlin Niu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Jinan, China
| | - Jianting Hu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangjun Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Jinan, China
| | - Peixue Ling
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Jinan, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Jinan, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Daizhou Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide drugs, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Jinan, China
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13
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Ma L, Wang W, Xu G, Li H, Liu F, Shao H, Zhang X, Ma Y, Li G, Li H, Gao S, Ling P. Connexin 43 in the function and homeostasis of osteocytes: a narrative review. Ann Transl Med 2023. [DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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14
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Fang G, Chen H, Shao X, Wang H, Zhan D, Wang R, Meng P, Fang H, Liu F, Ling P, Wu Z, Diao J, Yao Q, Chen Q. Single Image Capture of Bioactive Ion Crosstalk within Inter-Organelle Membrane Contacts at Nanometer Resolution. Small Methods 2022; 6:e2200321. [PMID: 35775956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid bioactive ion exchange is a form of communication that regulates a wide range of biological processes. Despite advances in super-resolution optical microscopy, visualizing ion exchange remains challenging due to the extremely fast nature of these events. Here, a "converting a dynamic event into a static image construction" (CDtSC) strategy is developed that uses the color transformation of a single dichromatic molecular probe to visualize bioactive ion inter-organelle exchange in live cells. As a proof of concept, a reactive sulfur species (RSS) is analyzed at the mitochondria-lysosome contact sites (MLCs). A non-toxic and sensitive probe based on coumarin-hemicyanine structure is designed that responds to RSS localized in both mitochondria and lysosomes while fluorescing different colors. Using this probe, RSS give-and-take at MLCs is visualized, thus providing the first evidence that RSS is involved in inter-organelle contacts and communication. Taken together, the CDtSC provides a strategy to visualize and analyze rapid inter-organelle ion exchange events in live cells at nanometer resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqian Fang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, P. R. China
| | - Xintian Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, P. R. China
| | - Dongxue Zhan
- Institute of Materia Medica, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, P. R. China
| | - Ran Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, P. R. China
| | - Peng Meng
- Institute of Materia Medica, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, P. R. China
| | - Hongbao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, P. R. China
| | - Peixue Ling
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyu Wu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, P. R. China
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, P. R. China
| | - Qixin Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, P. R. China
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15
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Mei L, Zhang D, Shao H, Hao Y, Zhang T, Zheng W, Ji Y, Ling P, Lu Y, Zhou Q. Injectable and Self-Healing Probiotics-Loaded Hydrogel for Promoting Superbacteria-Infected Wound Healing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:20538-20550. [PMID: 35471815 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Superbacteria-induced skin wound infections are huge health challenges, resulting in significant financial and medical costs due to notable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Probiotics are found in the skin and are effective in treating bacterial infection, moderating the microbial dysbiosis and inflammation induced by pathogens, regulating the immune system, as well as even promoting tissue repair. However, improving their colonization efficiency and viability remains a large obstacle for proper applications. Inspired by probiotic therapy and the natural extracellular matrix structure, hyaluronate-adipic dihydrazide/aldehyde-terminated Pluronic F127/fucoidan hydrogels loaded with Lactobacillus rhamnosus (HPF@L.rha) with unique (bio)physicochemical characteristics were developed through the dynamic Schiff-base reaction for superbacteria-infected trauma management. The developed HPF@L.rha exhibit a shortened gelation time, enhanced mechanical strength, and excellent self-healing and liquid-absorption abilities. Importantly, their anti-superbacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) effect was greatly increased in a dose-dependent fashion. Additionally, in vitro evaluation shows that the prepared HPF@L.rha containing appropriate probiotic concentrations (less than 1 × 107 CFU/mL) possess satisfactory cytocompatibility and blood compatibility. Further, compared to the HPF hydrogel, in vivo the hydrogel combined with probiotics significantly inhibits P. aeruginosa infection and inflammation, promotes the formation of re-epithelialization and collagen, and thus accelerates full-thickness superbacteria-infected wound repair, which is comparable to commercial Prontosan gel formulation. This work suggests that the combination of biomimicking hydrogels and probiotic therapy displays the great potential to manage superbug-infected trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Mei
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
- Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin 300038, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Huarong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yuanping Hao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Weiping Zheng
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yanjing Ji
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Peixue Ling
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
- Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin 300038, China
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16
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Sun M, Chen S, Ling P, Ma J, Wu S. Electrospun Methacrylated Gelatin/Poly(L-Lactic Acid) Nanofibrous Hydrogel Scaffolds for Potential Wound Dressing Application. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 12:6. [PMID: 35009955 PMCID: PMC8746433 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electrospun nanofiber mats have attracted intense attention as advanced wound dressing materials. The objective of this study was to fabricate methacrylated gelatin (MeGel)/poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) hybrid nanofiber mats with an extracellular matrix (ECM) mimicking nanofibrous structure and hydrogel-like properties for potential use as wound dressing materials. MeGel was first synthesized via the methacryloyl substitution of gelatin (Gel), a series of MeGel and PLLA blends with various mass ratios were electrospun into nanofiber mats, and a UV crosslinking process was subsequently utilized to stabilize the MeGel components in the nanofibers. All the as-crosslinked nanofiber mats exhibited smooth and bead-free fiber morphologies. The MeGel-containing and crosslinked nanofiber mats presented significantly improved hydrophilic properties (water contact angle = 0°; 100% wettability) compared to the pure PLLA nanofiber mats (~127°). The swelling ratio of crosslinked nanofiber mats notably increased with the increase of MeGel (143.6 ± 7.4% for PLLA mats vs. 875.0 ± 17.1% for crosslinked 1:1 MeGel/PLLA mats vs. 1135.2 ± 16.0% for crosslinked MeGel mats). The UV crosslinking process was demonstrated to significantly improve the structural stability and mechanical properties of MeGel/PLLA nanofiber mats. The Young's modulus and ultimate strength of the crosslinked nanofiber mats were demonstrated to obviously decrease when more MeGel was introduced in both dry and wet conditions. The biological tests showed that all the crosslinked nanofiber mats presented great biocompatibility, but the crosslinked nanofiber mats with more MeGel were able to notably promote the attachment, growth, and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts. Overall, this study demonstrates that our MeGel/PLLA blend nanofiber mats are attractive candidates for wound dressing material research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Sun
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (M.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Shaojuan Chen
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (M.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Peixue Ling
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China;
| | - Jianwei Ma
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (M.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Shaohua Wu
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (M.S.); (S.C.)
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China;
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Yang L, Xu X, Li S, Li Y, Ling P, Fang J. Robust one-pot multi-enzyme polysaccharide remodeling strategy for the synthesis of uniform chondroitin fragments and derivatives. Carbohydr Res 2021; 509:108442. [PMID: 34547517 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The non-sulfated chondroitin backbone (CH) is the synthetic precursor of chondroitin sulfate, a linear polysaccharide with dramatic biological functions. Owing to the intrinsic characteristics of the polysaccharide biosynthetic pathway, it is still a challenge to obtain structural-defined glycans via microbial fermentation or enzymatic synthesis, which hindering the illustration of CH polysaccharide functions. Herein, we report a robust one-pot multi-enzyme polysaccharide remodeling strategy to synthesize uniform CH fragments and their derivatives. CH tetrasaccharide, which was obtained from the digestion of heterogeneous CH fragments, was used as the starting material to trigger the assembly of uniform CH fragments in a one-pot multi-enzyme system. This strategy, which combined heteropolymer digestion, sugar nucleotide in situ generation, and sugar chain synchronized polymerization, provides a robust toolbox for structural-defined polysaccharides synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Xu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Peixue Ling
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiang Fang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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Wang K, Shao X, Tian Z, Liu L, Zhang C, Tan C, Zhang J, Ling P, Liu F, Chen Q, Diao J, Mao Z. A Continuous Add-On Probe Reveals the Nonlinear Enlargement of Mitochondria in Light-Activated Oncosis. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2004566. [PMID: 34197052 PMCID: PMC8425930 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Oncosis, depending on DNA damage and mitochondrial swelling, is an important approach for treating cancer and other diseases. However, little is known about the behavior of mitochondria during oncosis, due to the lack of probes for in situ visual illumination of the mitochondrial membrane and mtDNA. Herein, a mitochondrial lipid and mtDNA dual-labeled probe, MitoMN, and a continuous add-on assay, are designed to image the dynamic process of mitochondria in conditions that are unobservable with current mitochondrial probes. Meanwhile, the MitoMN can induce oncosis in a light-activated manner, which results in the enlargement of mitochondria and the death of cancer cells. Using structured illumination microscopy (SIM), MitoMN-stained mitochondria with a dual-color response reveals, for the first time, how swelled mitochondria interacts and fuses with each other for a nonlinear enlargement to accelerate oncosis into an irreversible stage. With this sign of irreversible oncosis revealed by MitoMN, oncosis can be segregated into three stages, including before oncosis, initial oncosis, and accelerated oncosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang‐Nan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Xintian Shao
- Institute of Materia MedicaShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan250000P. R. China
- Department of Cancer BiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnati45267USA
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical ScienceKey Laboratory of BiopharmaceuticalsEngineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide DrugsNational‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide DrugsJinan250101P. R. China
| | - Zhiqi Tian
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and MicrobiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnati45267USA
| | - Liu‐Yi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Chengying Zhang
- Institute of Materia MedicaShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan250000P. R. China
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical ScienceKey Laboratory of BiopharmaceuticalsEngineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide DrugsNational‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide DrugsJinan250101P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShandong UniversityJinan250101P. R. China
| | - Cai‐Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute/Translational Medicine Core Facility of Advanced Medical Research InstituteShandong UniversityJinan250101P. R. China
| | - Peixue Ling
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical ScienceKey Laboratory of BiopharmaceuticalsEngineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide DrugsNational‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide DrugsJinan250101P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShandong UniversityJinan250101P. R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical ScienceKey Laboratory of BiopharmaceuticalsEngineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide DrugsNational‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide DrugsJinan250101P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShandong UniversityJinan250101P. R. China
| | - Qixin Chen
- Institute of Materia MedicaShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan250000P. R. China
- Department of Cancer BiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnati45267USA
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical ScienceKey Laboratory of BiopharmaceuticalsEngineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide DrugsNational‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide DrugsJinan250101P. R. China
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer BiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnati45267USA
| | - Zong‐Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
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Jiang P, Dou X, Li S, Jia Q, Ling P, Liu H, Han Q, Sun S. miR-590-5p affects chondrocyte proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation by targeting FGF18 in osteoarthritis. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:8728-8741. [PMID: 34539990 PMCID: PMC8430182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential miRNA targeting FGF18, and its role in regulating the proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation in human primary chondrocytes. METHODS The normal human chondrocytes were induced by IL-1β to mimic OA in vitro. qPCR and Western blotting were performed to evaluate the expression of FGF18. Target Scan analysis was performed to predict the miRNA targeting FGF18. Then, the expression of miR-590-5p was quantified by qPCR in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. After transfection of miR-590-5p mimics or inhibitors, CCK-8 assay was conducted to determine the cell viability and apoptosis-related proteins, and cartilage degeneration related biomarkers were assayed by qPCR and Western blotting. The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were determined by ELISA. The targeting relationship between miR-590-5p and FGF18 was assayed by luciferase reporter assay in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. RESULTS Target Scan analysis predicted that FGF18 is directly targeted by miR-590-5p. miR-590-5p was up-regulated, whereas FGF18 expression was inhibited in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. miR-590-5p mimics reduced the expression of FGF18 protein, inhibited the cell viability of chondrocytes, and promoted secretion of inflammatory factors in chondrocytes, while miR-590-5p inhibitors increased FGF18 levels in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes. Furthermore, expression of inflammatory factors in chondrocytes was reduced by miR-590-5p inhibitors. The luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-590-5p could target FGF18. CONCLUSIONS miR-590-5p promotes OA progression by targeting FGF18, which serves as a potential therapeutic target for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xixi Dou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Transmucosal and Transdermal Drug Delivery, Shandong Freda Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shuaiguang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingwen Jia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Transmucosal and Transdermal Drug Delivery, Shandong Freda Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Peixue Ling
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Transmucosal and Transdermal Drug Delivery, Shandong Freda Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Prosit Sole BiotechnologyA302, No. 5 Kaituo Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuju Han
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shui Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong Province, China
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20
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Zhang C, Shao H, Zhang J, Guo X, Liu Y, Song Z, Liu F, Ling P, Tang L, Wang KN, Chen Q. Long-term live-cell lipid droplet-targeted biosensor development for nanoscopic tracking of lipid droplet-mitochondria contact sites. Theranostics 2021; 11:7767-7778. [PMID: 34335963 PMCID: PMC8315056 DOI: 10.7150/thno.59848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lipid droplets (LDs) establish a considerable number of contact sites with mitochondria to enable energy transfer and communication. In this study, we developed a fluorescent biosensor to image LD-mitochondria interactions at the nanoscale and further explored the function of LD-mediated matrix transmission in processes involving multi-organelle interactions. Methods: A fluorescent probe called C-Py (C21H19N3O2, 7-(diethylamino) coumarin-3-vinyl-4-pyridine acetonitrile) was designed and synthesized. Colocalization of C-Py and the commercial LD stain Nile Red was analyzed in HeLa cells. The fluorescence stability and signal to background ratio of C-Py under structured illumination microscopy (SIM) were compared to those of the commercial probe BODIPY493/503. The cytotoxicity of C-Py was assessed using CCK-8 assays. The uptake pattern of C-Py in HeLa cells was then observed under various temperatures, metabolic levels, and endocytosis levels. Contact sites between LDs and various organelles, such as mitochondria, nuclei, and cell membrane, were imaged and quantitated using SIM. Physical changes to the contact sites between LDs and mitochondria were monitored after lipopolysaccharide induction. Results: A LD-targeted fluorescent biosensor, C-Py, with good specificity, low background signal, excellent photostability, low cytotoxicity, and high cellular permeability was developed for tracking LD contact sites with multiple organelles using SIM. Using C-Py, the subcellular distribution and dynamic processes of LDs in living cells were observed under SIM. The formation of contact sites between LDs and multiple organelles was visualized at a resolution below ~200 nm. The number of LD-mitochondria contact sites formed was decreased by lipopolysaccharide treatment inducing an inflammatory environment. Conclusions: C-Py provides strategies for the design of ultra-highly selective biosensors and a new tool for investigating the role and regulation of LDs in living cells at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengying Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, PR China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, PR China
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Huarong Shao
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute/Translational Medicine Core Facility of Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University. Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Xinyan Guo
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Zhigang Song
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, PR China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, PR China
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Peixue Ling
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, PR China
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Longguang Tang
- International Institutes of Medicine, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Kang-Nan Wang
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong 528308, PR China
| | - Qixin Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, PR China
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, PR China
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Wang S, Chen C, Gadi MR, Saikam V, Liu D, Zhu H, Bollag R, Liu K, Chen X, Wang F, Wang PG, Ling P, Guan W, Li L. Chemoenzymatic modular assembly of O-GalNAc glycans for functional glycomics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3573. [PMID: 34117223 PMCID: PMC8196059 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GalNAc glycans (or mucin O-glycans) play pivotal roles in diverse biological and pathological processes, including tumor growth and progression. Structurally defined O-GalNAc glycans are essential for functional studies but synthetic challenges and their inherent structural diversity and complexity have limited access to these compounds. Herein, we report an efficient and robust chemoenzymatic modular assembly (CEMA) strategy to construct structurally diverse O-GalNAc glycans. The key to this strategy is the convergent assembly of O-GalNAc cores 1-4 and 6 from three chemical building blocks, followed by enzymatic diversification of the cores by 13 well-tailored enzyme modules. A total of 83 O-GalNAc glycans presenting various natural glycan epitopes are obtained and used to generate a unique synthetic mucin O-glycan microarray. Binding specificities of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) including plant lectins and selected anti-glycan antibodies towards these O-GalNAc glycans are revealed by this microarray, promoting their applicability in functional O-glycomics. Serum samples from colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls are assayed using the array reveal higher bindings towards less common cores 3, 4, and 6 than abundant cores 1 and 2, providing insights into O-GalNAc glycan structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Wang
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Congcong Chen
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong China ,grid.495839.aShandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan, 250101 Shandong China
| | - Madhusudhan Reddy Gadi
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Varma Saikam
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Ding Liu
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - He Zhu
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Roni Bollag
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Kebin Liu
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Xi Chen
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Fengshan Wang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
| | - Peng George Wang
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA ,grid.263817.9Present Address: School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Peixue Ling
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 Shandong China ,grid.495839.aShandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan, 250101 Shandong China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
| | - Wanyi Guan
- grid.256884.50000 0004 0605 1239College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024 Hebei China
| | - Lei Li
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
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Liu F, Zhang J, Zhang L, Diao M, Ling P, Wang F. Correlation between the synthesis of pullulan and melanin in Aureobasidium pullulans. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 177:252-260. [PMID: 33609584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The content of pullulan and melanin in 500 mutants of Aureobasidum pullulans obtained by ultraviolet mutagenesis were examined and statistically analyzed, and a strong positive correlation was found between them. The result was further confirmed by culturing wild type strain As3.3984 in different media. Then we constructed melanin-deletion mutant As-Δalb1 and pullulan-deletion mutant As-Δpul. As-Δalb1 was a melanin-free strain with the yield of pullulan decreased by 41.01%. The supplementation of melanin in the culture of As-Δalb1 increased the production of pullulan. As-Δpul synthesized neither pullulan nor melanin and recovered melanin synthesis by adding pullulan to the medium. The results suggested that high concentration- of pullulan induced morphological transformation and synthesis of melanin, and melanin promoted the synthesis of pullulan. The pullulan biosynthetic genes, upt, pgm, ugp, and pul, were down-regulated, while the negative regulatory gene of pullulan synthesis, creA, was up-regulated by melanin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Freda Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Jinan 250101, Shandong, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Linjun Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Mengqi Diao
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Peixue Ling
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Freda Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Jinan 250101, Shandong, China.
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shangdong, China.
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Chen C, Wang S, Gadi MR, Zhu H, Liu F, Liu CC, Li L, Wang F, Ling P, Cao H. Enzymatic modular synthesis and microarray assay of poly-N-acetyllactosamine derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7549-7552. [PMID: 32579622 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03268a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A facile enzymatic modular assembly strategy for the preparative-scale synthesis of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (poly-LacNAc) glycans with varied lengths and designed sialylation and/or fucosylation patterns is described. These glycans were printed as a microarray to investigate their interactions with a panel of glycan binding proteins (GBPs). Binding affinities revealed that the avidity of GBPs could be largely affected by the length and the patterns of sialylation and fucosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Zheng XY, Luo SH, Wei XY, Ling P, Ai HY, Liu ZY, Lin QY, Lü J, Yao B, Yan JH, Weng JP, Yang DZ. [Related factors for microalbuminuria in adult type 1 diabetes patients of short disease duration]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 100:419-423. [PMID: 32146763 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate related factors for microalbuminuria in adult type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients of short disease duration (less than 5 years), and provide evidence for prevention of early diabetic kidney disease in this population. Methods: All adult patients enrolled in the Guangdong T1D translational medicine study between 2011 and 2017 with a disease duration of less than 5 years were included in this analysis. At enrollment, patients' demographic and clinical data were documented, and blood and urine samples were collected for the measurements of blood lipids, glycated hemoglobin A1c and urine albuminuria. Insulin resistance was evaluated by estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR). Patients were categorized into groups based on urine albumin creatitine ratio (UACR): normoalbuminuric group (UACR<30 mg/g) and microalbuminuric group (UACR≥30 mg/g). Stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyze risk factors for microalbuminuria in adult T1D patients of short disease duration. Results: A total of 384 patients were included in this analysis, and 51.3% (197/384) of which was female. The onset age of patients was (24.6±12.5) years, with a disease duration of 2.1(0.6, 3.5) years, body mass index of (19.8±3.2) kg/m(2), waist hip ratio of 0.85±0.21, and glycated hemoglobin A1c of (9.8±3.3)% at enrollment. Microalbuminuria occurred in 62 patients (16.1%). Multivariate linear analysis showed that higher glycated hemoglobin A1c, higher systolic blood pressure and more severe insulin resistance were related factors for microalbuminuria (t=2.322, 2.868 and -2.373, respectively, all P<0.05). Conclusions: Microalbuminuria was not rare in adult T1D patients of short disease duration. Inadequate glycemic control and insulin resistance were independent related factors for microalbuminuria in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei 230001, China
| | - S H Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei 230001, China
| | - X Y Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - P Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - H Y Ai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Z Y Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Q Y Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - J Lü
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - B Yao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - J H Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - J P Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei 230001, China
| | - D Z Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
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Aaij R, Abellán Beteta C, Ackernley T, Adeva B, Adinolfi M, Aidala CA, Ajaltouni Z, Akar S, Albicocco P, Albrecht J, Alessio F, Alexander M, Alfonso Albero A, Alkhazov G, Alvarez Cartelle P, Alves AA, Amato S, Amhis Y, An L, Anderlini L, Andreassi G, Andreotti M, Andrews JE, Archilli F, d'Argent P, Arnau Romeu J, Artamonov A, Artuso M, Arzymatov K, Aslanides E, Atzeni M, Audurier B, Bachmann S, Back JJ, Baker S, Balagura V, Baldini W, Baranov A, Barlow RJ, Barsuk S, Barter W, Bartolini M, Baryshnikov F, Batozskaya V, Batsukh B, Battig A, Battista V, Bay A, Becker M, Bedeschi F, Bediaga I, Beiter A, Bel LJ, Belavin V, Belin S, Beliy N, Bellee V, Belous K, Belyaev I, Ben-Haim E, Bencivenni G, Benson S, Beranek S, Berezhnoy A, Bernet R, Berninghoff D, Bertholet E, Bertolin A, Betancourt C, Betti F, Bettler MO, van Beuzekom M, Bezshyiko I, Bhasin S, Bhom J, Bieker MS, Bifani S, Billoir P, Birnkraut A, Bizzeti A, Bjørn M, Blago MP, Blake T, Blanc F, Blusk S, Bobulska D, Bocci V, Boente Garcia O, Boettcher T, Boldyrev A, Bondar A, Bondar N, Borghi S, Borisyak M, Borsato M, Borsuk JT, Boubdir M, Bowcock TJV, Bozzi C, Braun S, Brea Rodriguez A, Brodski M, Brodzicka J, Brossa Gonzalo A, Brundu D, Buchanan E, Buonaura A, Burr C, Bursche A, Butter JS, Buytaert J, Byczynski W, Cadeddu S, Cai H, Calabrese R, Cali S, Calladine R, Calvi M, Calvo Gomez M, Camboni A, Campana P, Campora Perez DH, Capriotti L, Carbone A, Carboni G, Cardinale R, Cardini A, Carniti P, Carvalho Akiba K, Casais Vidal A, Casse G, Cattaneo M, Cavallero G, Cenci R, Chapman MG, Charles M, Charpentier P, Chatzikonstantinidis G, Chefdeville M, Chekalina V, Chen C, Chen S, Chernov A, Chitic SG, Chobanova V, Chrzaszcz M, Chubykin A, Ciambrone P, Cicala MF, Cid Vidal X, Ciezarek G, Cindolo F, Clarke PEL, Clemencic M, Cliff HV, Closier J, Cobbledick JL, Coco V, Coelho JAB, Cogan J, Cogneras E, Cojocariu L, Collins P, Colombo T, Comerma-Montells A, Contu A, Cooke N, Coombs G, Coquereau S, Corti G, Costa Sobral CM, Couturier B, Cowan GA, Craik DC, Crocombe A, Cruz Torres M, Currie R, D'Ambrosio C, Da Silva CL, Dall'Occo E, Dalseno J, Danilina A, Davis A, De Aguiar Francisco O, De Bruyn K, De Capua S, De Cian M, De Miranda JM, De Paula L, De Serio M, De Simone P, Dean CT, Dean W, Decamp D, Del Buono L, Delaney B, Dembinski HP, Demmer M, Dendek A, Denysenko V, Derkach D, Deschamps O, Desse F, Dettori F, Dey B, Di Canto A, Di Nezza P, Didenko S, Dijkstra H, Dordei F, Dorigo M, Dosil Suárez A, Douglas L, Dovbnya A, Dreimanis K, Dudek MW, Dufour L, Dujany G, Durante P, Durham JM, Dutta D, Dzhelyadin R, Dziewiecki M, Dziurda A, Dzyuba A, Easo S, Egede U, Egorychev V, Eidelman S, Eisenhardt S, Eitschberger U, Ek-In S, Ekelhof R, Eklund L, Ely S, Ene A, Escher S, Esen S, Evans T, Falabella A, Farley N, Farry S, Fazzini D, Fernandez Declara P, Fernandez Prieto A, Ferrari F, Ferreira Lopes L, Ferreira Rodrigues F, Ferreres Sole S, Ferro-Luzzi M, Filippov S, Fini RA, Fiorini M, Firlej M, Fischer KM, Fitzpatrick C, Fiutowski T, Fleuret F, Fontana M, Fontanelli F, Forty R, Franco Lima V, Franco Sevilla M, Frank M, Frei C, Friday DA, Fu J, Funk W, Féo M, Gabriel E, Gallas Torreira A, Galli D, Gallorini S, Gambetta S, Gan Y, Gandelman M, Gandini P, Gao Y, Garcia Martin LM, Garcia Plana B, Garcia Rosales FA, García Pardiñas J, Garra Tico J, Garrido L, Gascon D, Gaspar C, Gazzoni G, Gerick D, Gersabeck E, Gersabeck M, Gershon T, Gerstel D, Ghez P, Gibson V, Gioventù A, Girard OG, Gironell PG, Giubega L, Gizdov K, Gligorov VV, Golubkov D, Golutvin A, Gomes A, Gorelov IV, Gotti C, Govorkova E, Grabowski JP, Graciani Diaz R, Grammatico T, Granado Cardoso LA, Graugés E, Graverini E, Graziani G, Grecu A, Greim R, Griffith P, Grillo L, Gruber L, Gruberg Cazon BR, Gu C, Guo X, Gushchin E, Guth A, Guz Y, Gys T, Göbel C, Hadavizadeh T, Hadjivasiliou C, Haefeli G, Haen C, Haines SC, Hamilton PM, Han Q, Han X, Hancock TH, Hansmann-Menzemer S, Harnew N, Harrison T, Hasse C, Hatch M, He J, Hecker M, Heijhoff K, Heinicke K, Heister A, Hennessy K, Henry L, van Herwijnen E, Heuel J, Heß M, Hicheur A, Hidalgo Charman R, Hill D, Hilton M, Hopchev PH, Hu J, Hu W, Huang W, Huard ZC, Hulsbergen W, Humair T, Hunter RJ, Hushchyn M, Hutchcroft D, Hynds D, Ibis P, Idzik M, Ilten P, Inglessi A, Inyakin A, Ivshin K, Jacobsson R, Jakobsen S, Jalocha J, Jans E, Jashal BK, Jawahery A, Jiang F, John M, Johnson D, Jones CR, Jost B, Jurik N, Kandybei S, Karacson M, Kariuki JM, Karodia S, Kazeev N, Kecke M, Keizer F, Kelsey M, Kenzie M, Ketel T, Khanji B, Kharisova A, Khurewathanakul C, Kim KE, Kirn T, Kirsebom VS, Klaver S, Klimaszewski K, Koliiev S, Kolpin M, Kondybayeva A, Konoplyannikov A, Kopciewicz P, Kopecna R, Koppenburg P, Kostiuk I, Kot O, Kotriakhova S, Kozeiha M, Kravchuk L, Kreps M, Kress F, Kretzschmar S, Krokovny P, Krupa W, Krzemien W, Kucewicz W, Kucharczyk M, Kudryavtsev V, Kuindersma HS, Kunde GJ, Kuonen AK, Kvaratskheliya T, Lacarrere D, Lafferty G, Lai A, Lancierini D, Lane JJ, Lanfranchi G, Langenbruch C, Latham T, Lazzari F, Lazzeroni C, Le Gac R, Leflat A, Lefèvre R, Lemaitre F, Leroy O, Lesiak T, Leverington B, Li H, Li PR, Li X, Li Y, Li Z, Liang X, Likhomanenko T, Lindner R, Ling P, Lionetto F, Lisovskyi V, Liu G, Liu X, Loh D, Loi A, Lomba Castro J, Longstaff I, Lopes JH, Loustau G, Lovell GH, Lucchesi D, Lucio Martinez M, Luo Y, Lupato A, Luppi E, Lupton O, Lusiani A, Lyu X, Ma R, Machefert F, Maciuc F, Macko V, Mackowiak P, Maddrell-Mander S, Madhan Mohan LR, Maev O, Maevskiy A, Maguire K, Maisuzenko D, Majewski MW, Malde S, Malecki B, Malinin A, Maltsev T, Malygina H, Manca G, Mancinelli G, Marangotto D, Maratas J, Marchand JF, Marconi U, Marin Benito C, Marinangeli M, Marino P, Marks J, Marshall PJ, Martellotti G, Martinazzoli L, Martinelli M, Martinez Santos D, Martinez Vidal F, Massafferri A, Materok M, Matev R, Mathad A, Mathe Z, Matiunin V, Matteuzzi C, Mattioli KR, Mauri A, Maurice E, Maurin B, McCann M, Mcconnell L, McNab A, McNulty R, Mead JV, Meadows B, Meaux C, Meier G, Meinert N, Melnychuk D, Merk M, Merli A, Michielin E, Milanes DA, Millard E, Minard MN, Mineev O, Minzoni L, Mitchell SE, Mitreska B, Mitzel DS, Mogini A, Moise RD, Mombächer T, Monroy IA, Monteil S, Morandin M, Morello G, Morello MJ, Moron J, Morris AB, Morris AG, Mountain R, Mu H, Muheim F, Mukherjee M, Mulder M, Murphy CH, Murray D, Mödden A, Müller D, Müller J, Müller K, Müller V, Naik P, Nakada T, Nandakumar R, Nandi A, Nanut T, Nasteva I, Needham M, Neri N, Neubert S, Neufeld N, Newcombe R, Nguyen TD, Nguyen-Mau C, Niel EM, Nieswand S, Nikitin N, Nolte NS, O'Hanlon DP, Oblakowska-Mucha A, Obraztsov V, Ogilvy S, Oldeman R, Onderwater CJG, Osborn JD, Ossowska A, Otalora Goicochea JM, Ovsiannikova T, Owen P, Oyanguren A, Pais PR, Pajero T, Palano A, Palutan M, Panshin G, Papanestis A, Pappagallo M, Pappalardo LL, Parker W, Parkes C, Passaleva G, Pastore A, Patel M, Patrignani C, Pearce A, Pellegrino A, Penso G, Pepe Altarelli M, Perazzini S, Pereima D, Perret P, Pescatore L, Petridis K, Petrolini A, Petrov A, Petrucci S, Petruzzo M, Pietrzyk B, Pietrzyk G, Pikies M, Pili M, Pinci D, Pinzino J, Pisani F, Piucci A, Placinta V, Playfer S, Plews J, Plo Casasus M, Polci F, Lener MP, Poliakova M, Poluektov A, Polukhina N, Polyakov I, Polycarpo E, Pomery GJ, Ponce S, Popov A, Popov D, Poslavskii S, Prasanth K, Prouve C, Pugatch V, Puig Navarro A, Pullen H, Punzi G, Qian W, Qin J, Quagliani R, Quintana B, Raab NV, Rachwal B, Rademacker JH, Rama M, Ramos Pernas M, Rangel MS, Ratnikov F, Raven G, Ravonel Salzgeber M, Reboud M, Redi F, Reichert S, Reis ACD, Reiss F, Remon Alepuz C, Ren Z, Renaudin V, Ricciardi S, Richards S, Rinnert K, Robbe P, Robert A, Rodrigues AB, Rodrigues E, Rodriguez Lopez JA, Roehrken M, Roiser S, Rollings A, Romanovskiy V, Romero Vidal A, Roth JD, Rotondo M, Rudolph MS, Ruf T, Ruiz Vidal J, Ryzka J, Saborido Silva JJ, Sagidova N, Saitta B, Sanchez Gras C, Sanchez Mayordomo C, Sedes BS, Santacesaria R, Santamarina Rios C, Santimaria M, Santovetti E, Sarpis G, Sarti A, Satriano C, Satta A, Saur M, Savrina D, Scantlebury Smead LG, Schael S, Schellenberg M, Schiller M, Schindler H, Schmelling M, Schmelzer T, Schmidt B, Schneider O, Schopper A, Schreiner HF, Schubiger M, Schulte S, Schune MH, Schwemmer R, Sciascia B, Sciubba A, Semennikov A, Sergi A, Serra N, Serrano J, Sestini L, Seuthe A, Seyfert P, Shapkin M, Shears T, Shekhtman L, Shevchenko V, Shmanin E, Shupperd JD, Siddi BG, Silva Coutinho R, Silva de Oliveira L, Simi G, Simone S, Skiba I, Skidmore N, Skwarnicki T, Slater MW, Smeaton JG, Smith E, Smith IT, Smith M, Soares M, Soares Lavra L, Sokoloff MD, Soler FJP, Souza De Paula B, Spaan B, Spadaro Norella E, Spradlin P, Stagni F, Stahl M, Stahl S, Stefko P, Stefkova S, Steinkamp O, Stemmle S, Stenyakin O, Stepanova M, Stevens H, Stocchi A, Stone S, Stracka S, Stramaglia ME, Straticiuc M, Straumann U, Strokov S, Sun J, Sun L, Sun Y, Swientek K, Szabelski A, Szumlak T, Szymanski M, T'Jampens S, Taneja S, Tang Z, Tekampe T, Tellarini G, Teubert F, Thomas E, Thomson KA, van Tilburg J, Tilley MJ, Tisserand V, Tobin M, Tolk S, Tomassetti L, Tonelli D, Tou DY, Tournefier E, Traill M, Tran MT, Trisovic A, Tsaregorodtsev A, Tuci G, Tully A, Tuning N, Ukleja A, Usachov A, Ustyuzhanin A, Uwer U, Vagner A, Vagnoni V, Valassi A, Valat S, Valenti G, Van Hecke H, Van Hulse CB, Vazquez Gomez R, Vazquez Regueiro P, Vecchi S, van Veghel M, Velthuis JJ, Veltri M, Venkateswaran A, Vernet M, Veronesi M, Vesterinen M, Viana Barbosa JV, Vieira D, Vieites Diaz M, Viemann H, Vilasis-Cardona X, Vitkovskiy A, Volkov V, Vollhardt A, Vom Bruch D, Voneki B, Vorobyev A, Vorobyev V, Voropaev N, de Vries JA, Vázquez Sierra C, Waldi R, Walsh J, Wang J, Wang J, Wang M, Wang Y, Wang Z, Ward DR, Wark HM, Watson NK, Websdale D, Weiden A, Weisser C, Westhenry BDC, White DJ, Whitehead M, Wilkinson G, Wilkinson M, Williams I, Williams MRJ, Williams M, Williams T, Wilson FF, Winn M, Wislicki W, Witek M, Wormser G, Wotton SA, Wu H, Wyllie K, Xiang Z, Xiao D, Xie Y, Xing H, Xu A, Xu L, Xu M, Xu Q, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yang Z, Yang Z, Yao Y, Yeomans LE, Yin H, Yu J, Yuan X, Yushchenko O, Zarebski KA, Zavertyaev M, Zeng M, Zhang D, Zhang L, Zhang S, Zhang WC, Zhang Y, Zhelezov A, Zheng Y, Zhou X, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zhukov V, Zonneveld JB, Zucchelli S. Search for Lepton-Flavor Violating Decays B^{+}→K^{+}μ^{±}e^{∓}. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:241802. [PMID: 31922836 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.241802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A search for the lepton-flavor violating decays B^{+}→K^{+}μ^{±}e^{∓} is performed using a sample of proton-proton collision data, collected with the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb^{-1}. No significant signal is observed, and upper limits on the branching fractions are set as B(B^{+}→K^{+}μ^{-}e^{+})<7.0(9.5)×10^{-9} and B(B^{+}→K^{+}μ^{+}e^{-})<6.4(8.8)×10^{-9} at 90% (95)% confidence level. The results improve the current best limits on these decays by more than one order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Aaij
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - T Ackernley
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - B Adeva
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Adinolfi
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - C A Aidala
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - Z Ajaltouni
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Akar
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - P Albicocco
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - J Albrecht
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - F Alessio
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Alexander
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - G Alkhazov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia
| | | | - A A Alves
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Amato
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Y Amhis
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - L An
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - G Andreassi
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - J E Andrews
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - F Archilli
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P d'Argent
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Arnau Romeu
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - A Artamonov
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - M Artuso
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - K Arzymatov
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Aslanides
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - M Atzeni
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Audurier
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - S Bachmann
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J J Back
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - S Baker
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Balagura
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - W Baldini
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Baranov
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
| | - R J Barlow
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - S Barsuk
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - W Barter
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - F Baryshnikov
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - V Batozskaya
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Batsukh
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - A Battig
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - V Battista
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Bay
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Becker
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - I Bediaga
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Beiter
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - L J Bel
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - V Belavin
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Belin
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - N Beliy
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - V Bellee
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Belous
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - I Belyaev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Ben-Haim
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - G Bencivenni
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - S Benson
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Beranek
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Berezhnoy
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - R Bernet
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Berninghoff
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Bertholet
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | | | - C Betancourt
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Betti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M O Bettler
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M van Beuzekom
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ia Bezshyiko
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Bhasin
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - J Bhom
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - M S Bieker
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Bifani
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - P Billoir
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - A Birnkraut
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Bizzeti
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - M Bjørn
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M P Blago
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Blake
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - F Blanc
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Blusk
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - D Bobulska
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - V Bocci
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - O Boente Garcia
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - T Boettcher
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Boldyrev
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Bondar
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N Bondar
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia
| | - S Borghi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Borisyak
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Borsato
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J T Borsuk
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Boubdir
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - T J V Bowcock
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Braun
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Brea Rodriguez
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Brodski
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Brodzicka
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Brossa Gonzalo
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - D Brundu
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Buchanan
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - A Buonaura
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Burr
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Bursche
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - J S Butter
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Buytaert
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - W Byczynski
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Cadeddu
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - H Cai
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | | | - S Cali
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - R Calladine
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Calvi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | - A Camboni
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Campana
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - D H Campora Perez
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - A Carbone
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Carboni
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | | | - A Cardini
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - P Carniti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - K Carvalho Akiba
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Casais Vidal
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - G Casse
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M Cattaneo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R Cenci
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M G Chapman
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Charles
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ph Charpentier
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - M Chefdeville
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - V Chekalina
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
| | - C Chen
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - S Chen
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - A Chernov
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - S-G Chitic
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Chobanova
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Chrzaszcz
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Chubykin
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia
| | - P Ciambrone
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M F Cicala
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - X Cid Vidal
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - G Ciezarek
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Cindolo
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - P E L Clarke
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Clemencic
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H V Cliff
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Closier
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J L Cobbledick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - V Coco
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J A B Coelho
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - J Cogan
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - E Cogneras
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Cojocariu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P Collins
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Colombo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Comerma-Montells
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Contu
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - N Cooke
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - G Coombs
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - S Coquereau
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Corti
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C M Costa Sobral
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - B Couturier
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G A Cowan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - D C Craik
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Crocombe
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - M Cruz Torres
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R Currie
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - C D'Ambrosio
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C L Da Silva
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - E Dall'Occo
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Dalseno
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - A Danilina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Davis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - K De Bruyn
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S De Capua
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M De Cian
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J M De Miranda
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L De Paula
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - P De Simone
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C T Dean
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - W Dean
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - D Decamp
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - L Del Buono
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - B Delaney
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - H-P Dembinski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Demmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Dendek
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - V Denysenko
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Derkach
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - O Deschamps
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F Desse
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - F Dettori
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - B Dey
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - A Di Canto
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Di Nezza
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - S Didenko
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - H Dijkstra
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Dordei
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - M Dorigo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Dosil Suárez
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L Douglas
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - A Dovbnya
- NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - K Dreimanis
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M W Dudek
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - L Dufour
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Dujany
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - P Durante
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J M Durham
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - D Dutta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - R Dzhelyadin
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - M Dziewiecki
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Dziurda
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Dzyuba
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia
| | - S Easo
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - U Egede
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Egorychev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Eidelman
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S Eisenhardt
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - U Eitschberger
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Ek-In
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Ekelhof
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - L Eklund
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - S Ely
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - A Ene
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Escher
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Esen
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T Evans
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - N Farley
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - S Farry
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Fazzini
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | | | - A Fernandez Prieto
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F Ferrari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Ferreira Lopes
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - S Ferreres Sole
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Ferro-Luzzi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Filippov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - R A Fini
- INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - M Fiorini
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Firlej
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - K M Fischer
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C Fitzpatrick
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Fiutowski
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - F Fleuret
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - M Fontana
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R Forty
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Franco Lima
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Frank
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Frei
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D A Friday
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J Fu
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - W Funk
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Féo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Gabriel
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Gallas Torreira
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Galli
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - S Gambetta
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Y Gan
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - M Gandelman
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P Gandini
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Y Gao
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - L M Garcia Martin
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - B Garcia Plana
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F A Garcia Rosales
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | | | - J Garra Tico
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - L Garrido
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Gascon
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Gaspar
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Gazzoni
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D Gerick
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Gersabeck
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Gersabeck
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - T Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - D Gerstel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - Ph Ghez
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - V Gibson
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Gioventù
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - O G Girard
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - L Giubega
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - K Gizdov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - V V Gligorov
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - D Golubkov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Golutvin
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - A Gomes
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I V Gorelov
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - C Gotti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - E Govorkova
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J P Grabowski
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - T Grammatico
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | | | - E Graugés
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Graverini
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - A Grecu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - R Greim
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Griffith
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - L Grillo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - L Gruber
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - C Gu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - X Guo
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - E Gushchin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - A Guth
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yu Guz
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Gys
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Göbel
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [associated with Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]
| | - T Hadavizadeh
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C Hadjivasiliou
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - G Haefeli
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Haen
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S C Haines
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - P M Hamilton
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Q Han
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Han
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T H Hancock
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Hansmann-Menzemer
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Harnew
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - T Harrison
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - C Hasse
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Hatch
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J He
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - M Hecker
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Heijhoff
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - K Heinicke
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Heister
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - K Hennessy
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - L Henry
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - E van Herwijnen
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Heuel
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | - A Hicheur
- Laboratory of Mathematical and Subatomic Physics, Constantine, Algeria [associated with Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]
| | - R Hidalgo Charman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - D Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Hilton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - P H Hopchev
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Hu
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Hu
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - W Huang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Z C Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - W Hulsbergen
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T Humair
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - R J Hunter
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - M Hushchyn
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Hutchcroft
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Hynds
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Ibis
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Idzik
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - P Ilten
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Inglessi
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia
| | - A Inyakin
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - K Ivshin
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia
| | - R Jacobsson
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Jakobsen
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Jalocha
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - E Jans
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B K Jashal
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - F Jiang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - M John
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D Johnson
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C R Jones
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - B Jost
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N Jurik
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Kandybei
- NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - M Karacson
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J M Kariuki
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - S Karodia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - N Kazeev
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Kecke
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Keizer
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Kelsey
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - M Kenzie
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - T Ketel
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B Khanji
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Kharisova
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - C Khurewathanakul
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K E Kim
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - T Kirn
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - V S Kirsebom
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Klaver
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - K Klimaszewski
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Koliiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - M Kolpin
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Kondybayeva
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - A Konoplyannikov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - P Kopciewicz
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - R Kopecna
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Koppenburg
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - I Kostiuk
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - O Kot
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - S Kotriakhova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia
| | - M Kozeiha
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Kravchuk
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - M Kreps
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - F Kress
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Kretzschmar
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Krokovny
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - W Krupa
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - W Krzemien
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Kucewicz
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Kucharczyk
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - V Kudryavtsev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - H S Kuindersma
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G J Kunde
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - A K Kuonen
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Kvaratskheliya
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Lacarrere
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Lafferty
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Lai
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - D Lancierini
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J J Lane
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - G Lanfranchi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C Langenbruch
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - C Lazzeroni
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Le Gac
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - A Leflat
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - R Lefèvre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F Lemaitre
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Leroy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - T Lesiak
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - B Leverington
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Li
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - P-R Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Li
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - Y Li
- Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China
| | - Z Li
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - X Liang
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - T Likhomanenko
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - R Lindner
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Ling
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - F Lionetto
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Lisovskyi
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - G Liu
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Liu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - D Loh
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - A Loi
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - J Lomba Castro
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - I Longstaff
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J H Lopes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Loustau
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G H Lovell
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Lucio Martinez
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Y Luo
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - A Lupato
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - O Lupton
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - X Lyu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - R Ma
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - F Machefert
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - F Maciuc
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - V Macko
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Mackowiak
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Maddrell-Mander
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - L R Madhan Mohan
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - O Maev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Maevskiy
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - K Maguire
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - D Maisuzenko
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia
| | - M W Majewski
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - S Malde
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - B Malecki
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Malinin
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - T Maltsev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - H Malygina
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Manca
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - G Mancinelli
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | | | - J Maratas
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J F Marchand
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - U Marconi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Marin Benito
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - M Marinangeli
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Marino
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Marks
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P J Marshall
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - L Martinazzoli
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Martinelli
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Martinez Santos
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F Martinez Vidal
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - A Massafferri
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Materok
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - R Matev
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Mathad
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Z Mathe
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Matiunin
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - C Matteuzzi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - K R Mattioli
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - A Mauri
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E Maurice
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - B Maurin
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M McCann
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - L Mcconnell
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A McNab
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - R McNulty
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J V Mead
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - B Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - C Meaux
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - G Meier
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - N Meinert
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | - D Melnychuk
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Merk
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Merli
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - D A Milanes
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France)
| | - E Millard
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - M-N Minard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - O Mineev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - L Minzoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S E Mitchell
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - B Mitreska
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - D S Mitzel
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Mogini
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - R D Moise
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Mombächer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - I A Monroy
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France)
| | - S Monteil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - G Morello
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | | | - J Moron
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - A B Morris
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - A G Morris
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - R Mountain
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - H Mu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - F Muheim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Mukherjee
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - M Mulder
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C H Murphy
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D Murray
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Mödden
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Müller
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Müller
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - K Müller
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Müller
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - P Naik
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - T Nakada
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Nandakumar
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - A Nandi
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - T Nanut
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Nasteva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Needham
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - S Neubert
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Neufeld
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Newcombe
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - T D Nguyen
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Nguyen-Mau
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E M Niel
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - S Nieswand
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - N Nikitin
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - N S Nolte
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - A Oblakowska-Mucha
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - V Obraztsov
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - S Ogilvy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - R Oldeman
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - C J G Onderwater
- Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (associated with Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands)
| | - J D Osborn
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - A Ossowska
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - T Ovsiannikova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - P Owen
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Oyanguren
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - P R Pais
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Pajero
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - M Palutan
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - G Panshin
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - A Papanestis
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - M Pappagallo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - W Parker
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - C Parkes
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - G Passaleva
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - M Patel
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Pearce
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Pellegrino
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G Penso
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - M Pepe Altarelli
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - D Pereima
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - P Perret
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Pescatore
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Petridis
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Petrov
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - S Petrucci
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - B Pietrzyk
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - G Pietrzyk
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Pikies
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Pili
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D Pinci
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - J Pinzino
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Pisani
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Piucci
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Placinta
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Playfer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - J Plews
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Plo Casasus
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F Polci
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - M Poli Lener
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M Poliakova
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - A Poluektov
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - N Polukhina
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - I Polyakov
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - E Polycarpo
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G J Pomery
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - S Ponce
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Popov
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - D Popov
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - S Poslavskii
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - K Prasanth
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - C Prouve
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - V Pugatch
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - A Puig Navarro
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - H Pullen
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - G Punzi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - W Qian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - J Qin
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - R Quagliani
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - B Quintana
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - N V Raab
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Rachwal
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - J H Rademacker
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Ramos Pernas
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M S Rangel
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F Ratnikov
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Raven
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - M Reboud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - F Redi
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Reichert
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A C Dos Reis
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F Reiss
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - C Remon Alepuz
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - Z Ren
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - V Renaudin
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Ricciardi
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - S Richards
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - K Rinnert
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - P Robbe
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - A Robert
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - A B Rodrigues
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Rodrigues
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - J A Rodriguez Lopez
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France)
| | - M Roehrken
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Roiser
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Rollings
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - V Romanovskiy
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - A Romero Vidal
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J D Roth
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M S Rudolph
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - T Ruf
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Ruiz Vidal
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - J Ryzka
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - J J Saborido Silva
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - N Sagidova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia
| | - B Saitta
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - C Sanchez Gras
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C Sanchez Mayordomo
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - B Sanmartin Sedes
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - C Santamarina Rios
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Santimaria
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - G Sarpis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Sarti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C Satriano
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - A Satta
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - M Saur
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - D Savrina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - S Schael
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Schellenberg
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Schiller
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - H Schindler
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Schmelling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Schmelzer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - B Schmidt
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Schneider
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Schopper
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - M Schubiger
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Schulte
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M H Schune
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - R Schwemmer
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Sciascia
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - A Sciubba
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - A Semennikov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Sergi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - N Serra
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Serrano
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - L Sestini
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Seuthe
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - P Seyfert
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Shapkin
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - T Shears
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - L Shekhtman
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V Shevchenko
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - E Shmanin
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | | | - B G Siddi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - S Simone
- INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - I Skiba
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - N Skidmore
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - M W Slater
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - J G Smeaton
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - E Smith
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - I T Smith
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Smith
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Soares
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Soares Lavra
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - F J P Soler
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - B Souza De Paula
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B Spaan
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - P Spradlin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - F Stagni
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Stahl
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - S Stahl
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Stefko
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Stefkova
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - O Steinkamp
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Stemmle
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O Stenyakin
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - M Stepanova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia
| | - H Stevens
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Stocchi
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - S Stone
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | | | - M E Stramaglia
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Straticiuc
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - U Straumann
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Strokov
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - J Sun
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - L Sun
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Y Sun
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - K Swientek
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Szabelski
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Szumlak
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Szymanski
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - S T'Jampens
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - S Taneja
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Z Tang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - T Tekampe
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - F Teubert
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Thomas
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K A Thomson
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - J van Tilburg
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M J Tilley
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Tisserand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Tobin
- Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China
| | - S Tolk
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - D Y Tou
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - E Tournefier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - M Traill
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - M T Tran
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Trisovic
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - G Tuci
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Tully
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - N Tuning
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Ukleja
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Usachov
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - A Ustyuzhanin
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - U Uwer
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Vagner
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - V Vagnoni
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Valassi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Valat
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Valenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - H Van Hecke
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - C B Van Hulse
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Vazquez Gomez
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Vazquez Regueiro
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Vecchi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M van Veghel
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J J Velthuis
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Veltri
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - M Vernet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Veronesi
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Vesterinen
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - J V Viana Barbosa
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Vieira
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - M Vieites Diaz
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H Viemann
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | | | - A Vitkovskiy
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - V Volkov
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - A Vollhardt
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Vom Bruch
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - B Voneki
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Vorobyev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia
| | - V Vorobyev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N Voropaev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia
| | - J A de Vries
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C Vázquez Sierra
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Waldi
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | - J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - J Wang
- Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China
| | - J Wang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - M Wang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wang
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Z Wang
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D R Ward
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - H M Wark
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - N K Watson
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - D Websdale
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Weiden
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Weisser
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - B D C Westhenry
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - D J White
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Whitehead
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - G Wilkinson
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Wilkinson
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - I Williams
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M R J Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Williams
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - T Williams
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - M Winn
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - W Wislicki
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Witek
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - G Wormser
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - S A Wotton
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - H Wu
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - K Wyllie
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Z Xiang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - D Xiao
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Y Xie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - H Xing
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - A Xu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - L Xu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - M Xu
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Q Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Z Xu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Xu
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - Z Yang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Yang
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Y Yao
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - L E Yeomans
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - H Yin
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - J Yu
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Yuan
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - O Yushchenko
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - K A Zarebski
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Zavertyaev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Zeng
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - D Zhang
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - L Zhang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - S Zhang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - W C Zhang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zhang
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Zhelezov
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Zheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Y Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Zhu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - V Zhukov
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - J B Zonneveld
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Zheng XY, Yang DZ, Ai HY, Qiu LL, Ling P, Wu ZK, Wei XY, Lin QY, Lü J, Yan JH, Yao B, Weng JP, Luo SH. [Awareness of preconceptional care and its related factors in women of child-bearing age with type 1 diabetes]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 99:2654-2659. [PMID: 31505714 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2019.34.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the awareness of preconception care among women of child-bearing age with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and their self-management status, in order to provide evidence for establishment of management pathway for women with T1DM in pregnancy in China. Methods: This cross-sectional survey recruited female participants of child-bearing age from the cohort of Guangdong Type 1 Diabetes Translational Medicine Study conducted between June 2011 and December 2017. The participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire on the awareness of preconception care, their frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and other related variables. Chi-squared test or chi-squared test for trend was used in comparisons of categorical variables, and logistic regression analysis was performed to assess associated factors. Results: Totally, 441 women of child-bearing age with T1DM were investigated. The results show that their awareness of preconception care was poor (15.42%, 68/441). Higher educational level (χ(2trend)=3.990, P=0.046), experience of post-diabetes education evaluation (P<0.001), and better coverage of different modules in diabetes education (survival skills: χ(2)=7.525, P=0.004; basic knowledge: χ(2)=8.598, P=0.002; advanced knowledge: P<0.001) were associated with better awareness of preconception care. The average frequency of SMBG in these participants was 0.29 (0.14, 2.00) times per day, and only 8.5% (37/435) of them reached the frequency (≥4 times per day) recommended by guidelines. Moreover, 21.1% (92/435) of them hardly ever performed SMBG. Conclusion: Child-bearing age women with T1DM in Gunangdong had poor awareness of preconception care, with a much lower SMBG frequency than recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliation Hospital of University of Science and Technology (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei 230001, China
| | - D Z Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliation Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - H Y Ai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliation Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - L L Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliation Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - P Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliation Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Z K Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliation Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - X Y Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliation Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Q Y Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliation Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - J Lü
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliation Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - J H Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliation Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - B Yao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliation Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - J P Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliation Hospital of University of Science and Technology (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei 230001, China
| | - S H Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliation Hospital of University of Science and Technology (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei 230001, China
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Observation of an Excited B_{c}^{+} State. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:232001. [PMID: 31298897 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.232001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.5 fb^{-1} recorded by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of sqrt[s]=7, 8, and 13 TeV, the observation of an excited B_{c}^{+} state in the B_{c}^{+}π^{+}π^{-} invariant-mass spectrum is reported. The observed peak has a mass of 6841.2±0.6(stat)±0.1(syst)±0.8(B_{c}^{+}) MeV/c^{2}, where the last uncertainty is due to the limited knowledge of the B_{c}^{+} mass. It is consistent with expectations of the B_{c}^{*}(2^{3}S_{1})^{+} state reconstructed without the low-energy photon from the B_{c}^{*}(1^{3}S_{1})^{+}→B_{c}^{+}γ decay following B_{c}^{*}(2^{3}S_{1})^{+}→B_{c}^{*}(1^{3}S_{1})^{+}π^{+}π^{-}. A second state is seen with a global (local) statistical significance of 2.2σ (3.2σ) and a mass of 6872.1±1.3(stat)±0.1(syst)±0.8(B_{c}^{+}) MeV/c^{2}, and is consistent with the B_{c}(2^{1}S_{0})^{+} state. These mass measurements are the most precise to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Aaij
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - B Adeva
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Adinolfi
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - C A Aidala
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States)
| | - Z Ajaltouni
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Akar
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - P Albicocco
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - J Albrecht
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - F Alessio
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Alexander
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - G Alkhazov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - A A Alves
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Amato
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Y Amhis
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - L An
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - G Andreassi
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - J E Andrews
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - F Archilli
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P d'Argent
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Arnau Romeu
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - A Artamonov
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - M Artuso
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - K Arzymatov
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Aslanides
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - M Atzeni
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Audurier
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - S Bachmann
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J J Back
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - S Baker
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Balagura
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - W Baldini
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Baranov
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
| | - R J Barlow
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - S Barsuk
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - W Barter
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - F Baryshnikov
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - V Batozskaya
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Batsukh
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - A Battig
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - V Battista
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Bay
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - I Bediaga
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Beiter
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - L J Bel
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Belin
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - N Beliy
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - V Bellee
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Belloli
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - K Belous
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - E Ben-Haim
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - G Bencivenni
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - S Benson
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Beranek
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Berezhnoy
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - R Bernet
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Berninghoff
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Bertholet
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | | | - C Betancourt
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Betti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M O Bettler
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M van Beuzekom
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ia Bezshyiko
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Bhasin
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - J Bhom
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - M S Bieker
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Bifani
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - P Billoir
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - A Birnkraut
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Bizzeti
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - M Bjørn
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M P Blago
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Blake
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - F Blanc
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Blusk
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - D Bobulska
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - V Bocci
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - O Boente Garcia
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - T Boettcher
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - A Bondar
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N Bondar
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Borghi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Borisyak
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Borsato
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Boubdir
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - T J V Bowcock
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Braun
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Brodski
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Brodzicka
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Brossa Gonzalo
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - D Brundu
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Buchanan
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - A Buonaura
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Burr
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Bursche
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - J Buytaert
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - W Byczynski
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Cadeddu
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - H Cai
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | | | - S Cali
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - R Calladine
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Calvi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | - A Camboni
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Campana
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - D H Campora Perez
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - A Carbone
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Carboni
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | | | - A Cardini
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - P Carniti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - K Carvalho Akiba
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Casse
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M Cattaneo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R Cenci
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M G Chapman
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Charles
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ph Charpentier
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - M Chefdeville
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - V Chekalina
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
| | - C Chen
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - S Chen
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - S-G Chitic
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Chobanova
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Chrzaszcz
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Chubykin
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - P Ciambrone
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - X Cid Vidal
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - G Ciezarek
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Cindolo
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - P E L Clarke
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Clemencic
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H V Cliff
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Closier
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Coco
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J A B Coelho
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - J Cogan
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - E Cogneras
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Cojocariu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P Collins
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Colombo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Comerma-Montells
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Contu
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - G Coombs
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Coquereau
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Corti
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C M Costa Sobral
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - B Couturier
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G A Cowan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - D C Craik
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - A Crocombe
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - M Cruz Torres
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R Currie
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - C D'Ambrosio
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C L Da Silva
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, United States (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States)
| | - E Dall'Occo
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Dalseno
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - A Danilina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Davis
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - K De Bruyn
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S De Capua
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M De Cian
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J M De Miranda
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L De Paula
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - P De Simone
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C T Dean
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - W Dean
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States)
| | - D Decamp
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - L Del Buono
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - B Delaney
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - H-P Dembinski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Demmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Dendek
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - D Derkach
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - O Deschamps
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F Desse
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - F Dettori
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - B Dey
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - A Di Canto
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Di Nezza
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - S Didenko
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - H Dijkstra
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Dordei
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - M Dorigo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Dosil Suárez
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L Douglas
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - A Dovbnya
- NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - K Dreimanis
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - L Dufour
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Dujany
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - P Durante
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J M Durham
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, United States (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States)
| | - D Dutta
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - R Dzhelyadin
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - M Dziewiecki
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Dziurda
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Dzyuba
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Easo
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - U Egede
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Egorychev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Eidelman
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S Eisenhardt
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - U Eitschberger
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Ekelhof
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - L Eklund
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - S Ely
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - A Ene
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Escher
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Esen
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T Evans
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | | | - N Farley
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - S Farry
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Fazzini
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | - A Fernandez Prieto
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F Ferrari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Ferreira Lopes
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - S Ferreres Sole
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Ferro-Luzzi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Filippov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - R A Fini
- INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - M Fiorini
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Firlej
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - C Fitzpatrick
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Fiutowski
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - F Fleuret
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - M Fontana
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R Forty
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Franco Lima
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M Frank
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Frei
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Fu
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - W Funk
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Färber
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Féo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Gabriel
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Gallas Torreira
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Galli
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - S Gambetta
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Y Gan
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - M Gandelman
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P Gandini
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Y Gao
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - L M Garcia Martin
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - B Garcia Plana
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - J Garra Tico
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - L Garrido
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Gascon
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Gaspar
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Gazzoni
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D Gerick
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Gersabeck
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Gersabeck
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - T Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - D Gerstel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - Ph Ghez
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - V Gibson
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - O G Girard
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - L Giubega
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - K Gizdov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - V V Gligorov
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - D Golubkov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Golutvin
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - A Gomes
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I V Gorelov
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - C Gotti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - E Govorkova
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J P Grabowski
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - E Graugés
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Graverini
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - A Grecu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - R Greim
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Griffith
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - L Grillo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - L Gruber
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - C Gu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - X Guo
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - E Gushchin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - A Guth
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yu Guz
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Gys
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Göbel
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (associated with Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
| | - T Hadavizadeh
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C Hadjivasiliou
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - G Haefeli
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Haen
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S C Haines
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - B Hamilton
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Q Han
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Han
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T H Hancock
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Hansmann-Menzemer
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Harnew
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - T Harrison
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - C Hasse
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Hatch
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J He
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - M Hecker
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Heinicke
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Heister
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - K Hennessy
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - L Henry
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - E van Herwijnen
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Heuel
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | - A Hicheur
- Laboratory of Mathematical and Subatomic Physics, Constantine, Algeria (associated with Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
| | - R Hidalgo Charman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - D Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Hilton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - P H Hopchev
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Hu
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Hu
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - W Huang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Z C Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - W Hulsbergen
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T Humair
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Hushchyn
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Hutchcroft
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Hynds
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Ibis
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Idzik
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - P Ilten
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Inglessi
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Inyakin
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - K Ivshin
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - R Jacobsson
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Jakobsen
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Jalocha
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - E Jans
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B K Jashal
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - F Jiang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - M John
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D Johnson
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C R Jones
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - C Joram
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Jost
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N Jurik
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Kandybei
- NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - M Karacson
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J M Kariuki
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - S Karodia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - N Kazeev
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Kecke
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Keizer
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Kelsey
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - M Kenzie
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - T Ketel
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B Khanji
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Kharisova
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - C Khurewathanakul
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K E Kim
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - T Kirn
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - V S Kirsebom
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Klaver
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - K Klimaszewski
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Koliiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - M Kolpin
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Kopecna
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Koppenburg
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - I Kostiuk
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - S Kotriakhova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - M Kozeiha
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Kravchuk
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - M Kreps
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - F Kress
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Kretzschmar
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Krokovny
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - W Krupa
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - W Krzemien
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Kucewicz
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Kucharczyk
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - V Kudryavtsev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - G J Kunde
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, United States (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States)
| | - A K Kuonen
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Kvaratskheliya
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Lacarrere
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Lafferty
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Lai
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - D Lancierini
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G Lanfranchi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C Langenbruch
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - C Lazzeroni
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Le Gac
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - A Leflat
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - R Lefèvre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F Lemaitre
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Leroy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - T Lesiak
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - B Leverington
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Li
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - P-R Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Li
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, United States (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States)
| | - Y Li
- Institute Of High Energy Physics (ihep), Beijing, China
| | - Z Li
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - X Liang
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - T Likhomanenko
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - R Lindner
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Ling
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - F Lionetto
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Lisovskyi
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - G Liu
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Liu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - D Loh
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - A Loi
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - I Longstaff
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J H Lopes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Loustau
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G H Lovell
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Lucio Martinez
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Y Luo
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - A Lupato
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - O Lupton
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - X Lyu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - R Ma
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - F Machefert
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - F Maciuc
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - V Macko
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Mackowiak
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Maddrell-Mander
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - O Maev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Maguire
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - D Maisuzenko
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - M W Majewski
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - S Malde
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - B Malecki
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Malinin
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - T Maltsev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - H Malygina
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Manca
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - G Mancinelli
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | | | - J Maratas
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J F Marchand
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - U Marconi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Marin Benito
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - M Marinangeli
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Marino
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Marks
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P J Marshall
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Martinelli
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Martinez Santos
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F Martinez Vidal
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - A Massafferri
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Materok
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - R Matev
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Mathad
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Z Mathe
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Matiunin
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - C Matteuzzi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - K R Mattioli
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States)
| | - A Mauri
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E Maurice
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - B Maurin
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M McCann
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A McNab
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - R McNulty
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J V Mead
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - B Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - C Meaux
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - N Meinert
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | - D Melnychuk
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Merk
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Merli
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - D A Milanes
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France)
| | - E Millard
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - M-N Minard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - L Minzoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - D S Mitzel
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Mogini
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - R D Moise
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Mombächer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - I A Monroy
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France)
| | - S Monteil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - G Morello
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | | | - J Moron
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - A B Morris
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - R Mountain
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - F Muheim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Mukherjee
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - M Mulder
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C H Murphy
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D Murray
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Mödden
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Müller
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Müller
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - K Müller
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Müller
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - P Naik
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - T Nakada
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Nandakumar
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - A Nandi
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - T Nanut
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Nasteva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Needham
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - S Neubert
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Neufeld
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Newcombe
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - T D Nguyen
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Nguyen-Mau
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Nieswand
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - R Niet
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - N Nikitin
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - N S Nolte
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - A Oblakowska-Mucha
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - V Obraztsov
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - S Ogilvy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - R Oldeman
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - C J G Onderwater
- Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (associated with Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands)
| | - J D Osborn
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States)
| | - A Ossowska
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - T Ovsiannikova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - P Owen
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Oyanguren
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - P R Pais
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Pajero
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - M Palutan
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - G Panshin
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - A Papanestis
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - M Pappagallo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - W Parker
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - C Parkes
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - G Passaleva
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - M Patel
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Pearce
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Pellegrino
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G Penso
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - M Pepe Altarelli
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - D Pereima
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - P Perret
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Pescatore
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Petridis
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Petrov
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - S Petrucci
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - B Pietrzyk
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - G Pietrzyk
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Pikies
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Pili
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D Pinci
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - J Pinzino
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Pisani
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Piucci
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Placinta
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Playfer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - J Plews
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Plo Casasus
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F Polci
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - M Poli Lener
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M Poliakova
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - A Poluektov
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - N Polukhina
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - I Polyakov
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - E Polycarpo
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G J Pomery
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - S Ponce
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Popov
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - D Popov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - S Poslavskii
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - E Price
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - C Prouve
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - V Pugatch
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - A Puig Navarro
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - H Pullen
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - G Punzi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - W Qian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - J Qin
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - R Quagliani
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - B Quintana
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - N V Raab
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Rachwal
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - J H Rademacker
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Ramos Pernas
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M S Rangel
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F Ratnikov
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Raven
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - M Reboud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - F Redi
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Reichert
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A C Dos Reis
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F Reiss
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - C Remon Alepuz
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - Z Ren
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - V Renaudin
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Ricciardi
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - S Richards
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - K Rinnert
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - P Robbe
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - A Robert
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - A B Rodrigues
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Rodrigues
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - J A Rodriguez Lopez
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France)
| | - M Roehrken
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Roiser
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Rollings
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - V Romanovskiy
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - A Romero Vidal
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J D Roth
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States)
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M S Rudolph
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - T Ruf
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Ruiz Vidal
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - J J Saborido Silva
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - N Sagidova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - B Saitta
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - V Salustino Guimaraes
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (associated with Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
| | - C Sanchez Gras
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C Sanchez Mayordomo
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - B Sanmartin Sedes
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - C Santamarina Rios
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Santimaria
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - G Sarpis
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Sarti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C Satriano
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - A Satta
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - M Saur
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - D Savrina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - S Schael
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Schellenberg
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Schiller
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - H Schindler
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Schmelling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Schmelzer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - B Schmidt
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Schneider
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Schopper
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H F Schreiner
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - M Schubiger
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Schulte
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M H Schune
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - R Schwemmer
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Sciascia
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - A Sciubba
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - A Semennikov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Sepulveda
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - A Sergi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - N Serra
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Serrano
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - L Sestini
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Seuthe
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - P Seyfert
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Shapkin
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - T Shears
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - L Shekhtman
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V Shevchenko
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - E Shmanin
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - B G Siddi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - S Simone
- INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - I Skiba
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - N Skidmore
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Skwarnicki
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - M W Slater
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - J G Smeaton
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - E Smith
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - I T Smith
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Smith
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Soares
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Soares Lavra
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - F J P Soler
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - B Souza De Paula
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B Spaan
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - P Spradlin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - F Stagni
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Stahl
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Stahl
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Stefko
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Stefkova
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - O Steinkamp
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Stemmle
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O Stenyakin
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - M Stepanova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - H Stevens
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Stocchi
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - S Stone
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | | | - M E Stramaglia
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Straticiuc
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - U Straumann
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Strokov
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - J Sun
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - L Sun
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Y Sun
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - K Swientek
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Szabelski
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Szumlak
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Szymanski
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - S T'Jampens
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - Z Tang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - T Tekampe
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - F Teubert
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Thomas
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J van Tilburg
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M J Tilley
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Tisserand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Tobin
- Institute Of High Energy Physics (ihep), Beijing, China
| | - S Tolk
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - D Y Tou
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | | | - E Tournefier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - M Traill
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - M T Tran
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Trisovic
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - G Tuci
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Tully
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - N Tuning
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Ukleja
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Usachov
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - A Ustyuzhanin
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - U Uwer
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Vagner
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - V Vagnoni
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Valassi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Valat
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Valenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - H Van Hecke
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, United States (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States)
| | - C B Van Hulse
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Vasiliev
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - R Vazquez Gomez
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Vazquez Regueiro
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Vecchi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M van Veghel
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J J Velthuis
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Veltri
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - M Vernet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Veronesi
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Vesterinen
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - J V Viana Barbosa
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Vieira
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - M Vieites Diaz
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - H Viemann
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | | | - A Vitkovskiy
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Vitti
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - V Volkov
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - A Vollhardt
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Vom Bruch
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - B Voneki
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Vorobyev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - V Vorobyev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N Voropaev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - J A de Vries
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C Vázquez Sierra
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Waldi
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | - J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - J Wang
- Institute Of High Energy Physics (ihep), Beijing, China
| | - M Wang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wang
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Z Wang
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D R Ward
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - H M Wark
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - N K Watson
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - D Websdale
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Weiden
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Weisser
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - M Whitehead
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - G Wilkinson
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Wilkinson
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - I Williams
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M R J Williams
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Williams
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - T Williams
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - M Winn
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - W Wislicki
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Witek
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - G Wormser
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - S A Wotton
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - K Wyllie
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Xiao
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Y Xie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - H Xing
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - A Xu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - M Xu
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Q Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Z Xu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Xu
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - Z Yang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Yang
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Y Yao
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - L E Yeomans
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - H Yin
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - J Yu
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Yuan
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - O Yushchenko
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - K A Zarebski
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Zavertyaev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Zeng
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - D Zhang
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - L Zhang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - W C Zhang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zhang
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Zhelezov
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Zheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Zhu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - V Zhukov
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - J B Zonneveld
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Aaij R, Abellán Beteta C, Adeva B, Adinolfi M, Aidala CA, Ajaltouni Z, Akar S, Albicocco P, Albrecht J, Alessio F, Alexander M, Alfonso Albero A, Alkhazov G, Alvarez Cartelle P, Alves AA, Amato S, Amhis Y, An L, Anderlini L, Andreassi G, Andreotti M, Andrews JE, Archilli F, d'Argent P, Arnau Romeu J, Artamonov A, Artuso M, Arzymatov K, Aslanides E, Atzeni M, Audurier B, Bachmann S, Back JJ, Baker S, Balagura V, Baldini W, Baranov A, Barlow RJ, Barsuk S, Barter W, Bartolini M, Baryshnikov F, Batozskaya V, Batsukh B, Battig A, Battista V, Bay A, Bedeschi F, Bediaga I, Beiter A, Bel LJ, Belavin V, Belin S, Beliy N, Bellee V, Belloli N, Belous K, Belyaev I, Ben-Haim E, Bencivenni G, Benson S, Beranek S, Berezhnoy A, Bernet R, Berninghoff D, Bertholet E, Bertolin A, Betancourt C, Betti F, Bettler MO, van Beuzekom M, Bezshyiko I, Bhasin S, Bhom J, Bieker MS, Bifani S, Billoir P, Birnkraut A, Bizzeti A, Bjørn M, Blago MP, Blake T, Blanc F, Blusk S, Bobulska D, Bocci V, Boente Garcia O, Boettcher T, Bondar A, Bondar N, Borghi S, Borisyak M, Borsato M, Boubdir M, Bowcock TJV, Bozzi C, Braun S, Brea Rodriguez A, Brodski M, Brodzicka J, Brossa Gonzalo A, Brundu D, Buchanan E, Buonaura A, Burr C, Bursche A, Butter JS, Buytaert J, Byczynski W, Cadeddu S, Cai H, Calabrese R, Cali S, Calladine R, Calvi M, Calvo Gomez M, Camboni A, Campana P, Campora Perez DH, Capriotti L, Carbone A, Carboni G, Cardinale R, Cardini A, Carniti P, Carvalho Akiba K, Casais Vidal A, Casse G, Cattaneo M, Cavallero G, Cenci R, Chapman MG, Charles M, Charpentier P, Chatzikonstantinidis G, Chefdeville M, Chekalina V, Chen C, Chen S, Chitic SG, Chobanova V, Chrzaszcz M, Chubykin A, Ciambrone P, Cid Vidal X, Ciezarek G, Cindolo F, Clarke PEL, Clemencic M, Cliff HV, Closier J, Coco V, Coelho JAB, Cogan J, Cogneras E, Cojocariu L, Collins P, Colombo T, Comerma-Montells A, Contu A, Coombs G, Coquereau S, Corti G, Costa Sobral CM, Couturier B, Cowan GA, Craik DC, Crocombe A, Cruz Torres M, Currie R, D'Ambrosio C, Da Silva CL, Dall'Occo E, Dalseno J, Danilina A, Davis A, De Aguiar Francisco O, De Bruyn K, De Capua S, De Cian M, De Miranda JM, De Paula L, De Serio M, De Simone P, Dean CT, Dean W, Decamp D, Del Buono L, Delaney B, Dembinski HP, Demmer M, Dendek A, Derkach D, Deschamps O, Desse F, Dettori F, Dey B, Di Canto A, Di Nezza P, Didenko S, Dijkstra H, Dordei F, Dorigo M, Dosil Suárez A, Douglas L, Dovbnya A, Dreimanis K, Dufour L, Dujany G, Durante P, Durham JM, Dutta D, Dzhelyadin R, Dziewiecki M, Dziurda A, Dzyuba A, Easo S, Egede U, Egorychev V, Eidelman S, Eisenhardt S, Eitschberger U, Ek-In S, Ekelhof R, Eklund L, Ely S, Ene A, Escher S, Esen S, Evans T, Falabella A, Farley N, Farry S, Fazzini D, Fernandez Declara P, Fernandez Prieto A, Fernández-Ramírez C, Ferrari F, Ferreira Lopes L, Ferreira Rodrigues F, Ferreres Sole S, Ferro-Luzzi M, Filippov S, Fini RA, Fiorini M, Firlej M, Fitzpatrick C, Fiutowski T, Fleuret F, Fontana M, Fontanelli F, Forty R, Franco Lima V, Franco Sevilla M, Frank M, Frei C, Fu J, Funk W, Färber C, Féo M, Gabriel E, Gallas Torreira A, Galli D, Gallorini S, Gambetta S, Gan Y, Gandelman M, Gandini P, Gao Y, Garcia Martin LM, Garcia Plana B, García Pardiñas J, Garra Tico J, Garrido L, Gascon D, Gaspar C, Gazzoni G, Gerick D, Gersabeck E, Gersabeck M, Gershon T, Gerstel D, Ghez P, Gibson V, Girard OG, Gironella Gironell P, Giubega L, Gizdov K, Gligorov VV, Golubkov D, Golutvin A, Gomes A, Gorelov IV, Gotti C, Govorkova E, Grabowski JP, Graciani Diaz R, Granado Cardoso LA, Graugés E, Graverini E, Graziani G, Grecu A, Greim R, Griffith P, Grillo L, Gruber L, Gruberg Cazon BR, Gu C, Guo X, Gushchin E, Guth A, Guz Y, Gys T, Göbel C, Hadavizadeh T, Hadjivasiliou C, Haefeli G, Haen C, Haines SC, Hamilton B, Han Q, Han X, Hancock TH, Hansmann-Menzemer S, Harnew N, Harrison T, Hasse C, Hatch M, He J, Hecker M, Heinicke K, Heister A, Hennessy K, Henry L, van Herwijnen E, Heuel J, Heß M, Hicheur A, Hidalgo Charman R, Hill D, Hilton M, Hopchev PH, Hu J, Hu W, Huang W, Huard ZC, Hulsbergen W, Humair T, Hushchyn M, Hutchcroft D, Hynds D, Ibis P, Idzik M, Ilten P, Inglessi A, Inyakin A, Ivshin K, Jacobsson R, Jakobsen S, Jalocha J, Jans E, Jashal BK, Jawahery A, Jiang F, John M, Johnson D, Jones CR, Joram C, Jost B, Jurik N, Kandybei S, Karacson M, Kariuki JM, Karodia S, Kazeev N, Kecke M, Keizer F, Kelsey M, Kenzie M, Ketel T, Khanji B, Kharisova A, Khurewathanakul C, Kim KE, Kirn T, Kirsebom VS, Klaver S, Klimaszewski K, Koliiev S, Kolpin M, Kondybayeva A, Konoplyannikov A, Kopecna R, Koppenburg P, Kostiuk I, Kot O, Kotriakhova S, Kozeiha M, Kravchuk L, Kreps M, Kress F, Kretzschmar S, Krokovny P, Krupa W, Krzemien W, Kucewicz W, Kucharczyk M, Kudryavtsev V, Kunde GJ, Kuonen AK, Kvaratskheliya T, Lacarrere D, Lafferty G, Lai A, Lancierini D, Lanfranchi G, Langenbruch C, Latham T, Lazzeroni C, Le Gac R, Leflat A, Lefèvre R, Lemaitre F, Leroy O, Lesiak T, Leverington B, Li H, Li PR, Li X, Li Y, Li Z, Liang X, Likhomanenko T, Lindner R, Ling P, Lionetto F, Lisovskyi V, Liu G, Liu X, Loh D, Loi A, Lomba Castro J, Longstaff I, Lopes JH, Loustau G, Lovell GH, Lucchesi D, Lucio Martinez M, Luo Y, Lupato A, Luppi E, Lupton O, Lusiani A, Lyu X, Ma R, Machefert F, Maciuc F, Macko V, Mackowiak P, Maddrell-Mander S, Maev O, Maguire K, Maisuzenko D, Majewski MW, Malde S, Malecki B, Malinin A, Maltsev T, Malygina H, Manca G, Mancinelli G, Marangotto D, Maratas J, Marchand JF, Marconi U, Marin Benito C, Marinangeli M, Marino P, Marks J, Marshall PJ, Martellotti G, Martinazzoli L, Martinelli M, Martinez Santos D, Martinez Vidal F, Massafferri A, Materok M, Matev R, Mathad A, Mathe Z, Matiunin V, Matteuzzi C, Mattioli KR, Mauri A, Maurice E, Maurin B, McCann M, McNab A, McNulty R, Mead JV, Meadows B, Meaux C, Meinert N, Melnychuk D, Merk M, Merli A, Michielin E, Mikhasenko M, Milanes DA, Millard E, Minard MN, Minzoni L, Mitzel DS, Mogini A, Moise RD, Mombächer T, Monroy IA, Monteil S, Morandin M, Morello G, Morello MJ, Moron J, Morris AB, Mountain R, Mu H, Muheim F, Mukherjee M, Mulder M, Murphy CH, Murray D, Mödden A, Müller D, Müller J, Müller K, Müller V, Naik P, Nakada T, Nandakumar R, Nandi A, Nanut T, Nasteva I, Needham M, Neri N, Neubert S, Neufeld N, Newcombe R, Nguyen TD, Nguyen-Mau C, Nieswand S, Niet R, Nikitin N, Nolte NS, O'Hanlon DP, Oblakowska-Mucha A, Obraztsov V, Ogilvy S, Oldeman R, Onderwater CJG, Osborn JD, Ossowska A, Otalora Goicochea JM, Ovsiannikova T, Owen P, Oyanguren A, Pais PR, Pajero T, Palano A, Palutan M, Panshin G, Papanestis A, Pappagallo M, Pappalardo LL, Parker W, Parkes C, Passaleva G, Pastore A, Patel M, Patrignani C, Pearce A, Pellegrino A, Penso G, Pepe Altarelli M, Perazzini S, Pereima D, Perret P, Pescatore L, Petridis K, Petrolini A, Petrov A, Petrucci S, Petruzzo M, Pietrzyk B, Pietrzyk G, Pikies M, Pili M, Pilloni A, Pinci D, Pinzino J, Pisani F, Piucci A, Placinta V, Playfer S, Plews J, Plo Casasus M, Polci F, Poli Lener M, Poliakova M, Poluektov A, Polukhina N, Polyakov I, Polycarpo E, Pomery GJ, Ponce S, Popov A, Popov D, Poslavskii S, Price E, Prouve C, Pugatch V, Puig Navarro A, Pullen H, Punzi G, Qian W, Qin J, Quagliani R, Quintana B, Raab NV, Rachwal B, Rademacker JH, Rama M, Ramos Pernas M, Rangel MS, Ratnikov F, Raven G, Ravonel Salzgeber M, Reboud M, Redi F, Reichert S, Dos Reis AC, Reiss F, Remon Alepuz C, Ren Z, Renaudin V, Ricciardi S, Richards S, Rinnert K, Robbe P, Robert A, Rodrigues AB, Rodrigues E, Rodriguez Lopez JA, Roehrken M, Roiser S, Rollings A, Romanovskiy V, Romero Vidal A, Roth JD, Rotondo M, Rudolph MS, Ruf T, Ruiz Vidal J, Saborido Silva JJ, Sagidova N, Saitta B, Salustino Guimaraes V, Sanchez Gras C, Sanchez Mayordomo C, Sanmartin Sedes B, Santacesaria R, Santamarina Rios C, Santimaria M, Santovetti E, Sarpis G, Sarti A, Satriano C, Satta A, Saur M, Savrina D, Schael S, Schellenberg M, Schiller M, Schindler H, Schmelling M, Schmelzer T, Schmidt B, Schneider O, Schopper A, Schreiner HF, Schubiger M, Schulte S, Schune MH, Schwemmer R, Sciascia B, Sciubba A, Semennikov A, Sepulveda ES, Sergi A, Serra N, Serrano J, Sestini L, Seuthe A, Seyfert P, Shapkin M, Shears T, Shekhtman L, Shevchenko V, Shmanin E, Siddi BG, Silva Coutinho R, Silva de Oliveira L, Simi G, Simone S, Skiba I, Skidmore N, Skwarnicki T, Slater MW, Smeaton JG, Smith E, Smith IT, Smith M, Soares M, Soares Lavra L, Sokoloff MD, Soler FJP, Souza De Paula B, Spaan B, Spadaro Norella E, Spradlin P, Stagni F, Stahl M, Stahl S, Stefko P, Stefkova S, Steinkamp O, Stemmle S, Stenyakin O, Stepanova M, Stevens H, Stocchi A, Stone S, Stracka S, Stramaglia ME, Straticiuc M, Straumann U, Strokov S, Sun J, Sun L, Sun Y, Swientek K, Szabelski A, Szczepaniak A, Szumlak T, Szymanski M, T'Jampens S, Tang Z, Tekampe T, Tellarini G, Teubert F, Thomas E, van Tilburg J, Tilley MJ, Tisserand V, Tobin M, Tolk S, Tomassetti L, Tonelli D, Tou DY, Tournefier E, Traill M, Tran MT, Trisovic A, Tsaregorodtsev A, Tuci G, Tully A, 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Y, Zhu X, Zhukov V, Zonneveld JB, Zucchelli S. Observation of a Narrow Pentaquark State, P_{c}(4312)^{+}, and of the Two-Peak Structure of the P_{c}(4450)^{+}. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:222001. [PMID: 31283265 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.222001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A narrow pentaquark state, P_{c}(4312)^{+}, decaying to J/ψp, is discovered with a statistical significance of 7.3σ in a data sample of Λ_{b}^{0}→J/ψpK^{-} decays, which is an order of magnitude larger than that previously analyzed by the LHCb Collaboration. The P_{c}(4450)^{+} pentaquark structure formerly reported by LHCb is confirmed and observed to consist of two narrow overlapping peaks, P_{c}(4440)^{+} and P_{c}(4457)^{+}, where the statistical significance of this two-peak interpretation is 5.4σ. The proximity of the Σ_{c}^{+}D[over ¯]^{0} and Σ_{c}^{+}D[over ¯]^{*0} thresholds to the observed narrow peaks suggests that they play an important role in the dynamics of these states.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Aaij
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - B Adeva
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Adinolfi
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - C A Aidala
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - Z Ajaltouni
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Akar
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - P Albicocco
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - J Albrecht
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - F Alessio
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Alexander
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - G Alkhazov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - A A Alves
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Amato
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Y Amhis
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - L An
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - G Andreassi
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - J E Andrews
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - F Archilli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - P d'Argent
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Arnau Romeu
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - A Artamonov
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - M Artuso
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - K Arzymatov
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Aslanides
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - M Atzeni
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Audurier
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - S Bachmann
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J J Back
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - S Baker
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Balagura
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - W Baldini
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Baranov
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
| | - R J Barlow
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - S Barsuk
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - W Barter
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - F Baryshnikov
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - V Batozskaya
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Batsukh
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - A Battig
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - V Battista
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Bay
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - I Bediaga
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Beiter
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - L J Bel
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - V Belavin
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Belin
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - N Beliy
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - V Bellee
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Belloli
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - K Belous
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - I Belyaev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Ben-Haim
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - G Bencivenni
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - S Benson
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Beranek
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Berezhnoy
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - R Bernet
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Berninghoff
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Bertholet
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | | | - C Betancourt
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Betti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M O Bettler
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M van Beuzekom
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ia Bezshyiko
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Bhasin
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - J Bhom
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - M S Bieker
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Bifani
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - P Billoir
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - A Birnkraut
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Bizzeti
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - M Bjørn
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M P Blago
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Blake
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - F Blanc
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Blusk
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - D Bobulska
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - V Bocci
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - O Boente Garcia
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - T Boettcher
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Bondar
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N Bondar
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Borghi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Borisyak
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Borsato
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Boubdir
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - T J V Bowcock
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Braun
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Brea Rodriguez
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Brodski
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Brodzicka
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Brossa Gonzalo
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - D Brundu
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Buchanan
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - A Buonaura
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Burr
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Bursche
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - J S Butter
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Buytaert
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - W Byczynski
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Cadeddu
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - H Cai
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | | | - S Cali
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - R Calladine
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Calvi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | - A Camboni
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Campana
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - D H Campora Perez
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - A Carbone
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Carboni
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | | | - A Cardini
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - P Carniti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - K Carvalho Akiba
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Casais Vidal
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - G Casse
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M Cattaneo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R Cenci
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M G Chapman
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Charles
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ph Charpentier
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - M Chefdeville
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - V Chekalina
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
| | - C Chen
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - S Chen
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - S-G Chitic
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Chobanova
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Chrzaszcz
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Chubykin
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - P Ciambrone
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - X Cid Vidal
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - G Ciezarek
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Cindolo
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - P E L Clarke
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Clemencic
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H V Cliff
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Closier
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Coco
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J A B Coelho
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - J Cogan
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - E Cogneras
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Cojocariu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P Collins
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Colombo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Comerma-Montells
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Contu
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - G Coombs
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Coquereau
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Corti
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C M Costa Sobral
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - B Couturier
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G A Cowan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - D C Craik
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Crocombe
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - M Cruz Torres
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R Currie
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - C D'Ambrosio
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C L Da Silva
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - E Dall'Occo
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Dalseno
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Danilina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Davis
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - K De Bruyn
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S De Capua
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M De Cian
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J M De Miranda
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L De Paula
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - P De Simone
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C T Dean
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - W Dean
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - D Decamp
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - L Del Buono
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - B Delaney
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - H-P Dembinski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Demmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Dendek
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - D Derkach
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - O Deschamps
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F Desse
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - F Dettori
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - B Dey
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - A Di Canto
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Di Nezza
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - S Didenko
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - H Dijkstra
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Dordei
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - M Dorigo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Dosil Suárez
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L Douglas
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - A Dovbnya
- NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - K Dreimanis
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - L Dufour
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Dujany
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - P Durante
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J M Durham
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - D Dutta
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - R Dzhelyadin
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - M Dziewiecki
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Dziurda
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Dzyuba
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Easo
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - U Egede
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Egorychev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Eidelman
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S Eisenhardt
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - U Eitschberger
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Ek-In
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Ekelhof
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - L Eklund
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - S Ely
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - A Ene
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Escher
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Esen
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T Evans
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - N Farley
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - S Farry
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Fazzini
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | | | - A Fernandez Prieto
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - F Ferrari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Ferreira Lopes
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - S Ferreres Sole
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Ferro-Luzzi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Filippov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - R A Fini
- INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - M Fiorini
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Firlej
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - C Fitzpatrick
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Fiutowski
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - F Fleuret
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - M Fontana
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R Forty
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Franco Lima
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Frank
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Frei
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Fu
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - W Funk
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Färber
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Féo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Gabriel
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Gallas Torreira
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Galli
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - S Gambetta
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Y Gan
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - M Gandelman
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P Gandini
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Y Gao
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - L M Garcia Martin
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - B Garcia Plana
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - J Garra Tico
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - L Garrido
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Gascon
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Gaspar
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Gazzoni
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D Gerick
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Gersabeck
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Gersabeck
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - T Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - D Gerstel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - Ph Ghez
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - V Gibson
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - O G Girard
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - L Giubega
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - K Gizdov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - V V Gligorov
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - D Golubkov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Golutvin
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - A Gomes
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I V Gorelov
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - C Gotti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - E Govorkova
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J P Grabowski
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - E Graugés
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Graverini
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - A Grecu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - R Greim
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Griffith
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - L Grillo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - L Gruber
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - C Gu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - X Guo
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - E Gushchin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - A Guth
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yu Guz
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Gys
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Göbel
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [associated with Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]
| | - T Hadavizadeh
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C Hadjivasiliou
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - G Haefeli
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Haen
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S C Haines
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - B Hamilton
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Q Han
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Han
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T H Hancock
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Hansmann-Menzemer
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Harnew
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - T Harrison
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - C Hasse
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Hatch
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J He
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - M Hecker
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Heinicke
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Heister
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - K Hennessy
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - L Henry
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - E van Herwijnen
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Heuel
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | - A Hicheur
- Laboratory of Mathematical and Subatomic Physics, Constantine, Algeria [associated with Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]
| | - R Hidalgo Charman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - D Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Hilton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - P H Hopchev
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Hu
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Hu
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - W Huang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Z C Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - W Hulsbergen
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T Humair
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Hushchyn
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Hutchcroft
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Hynds
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Ibis
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Idzik
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - P Ilten
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Inglessi
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Inyakin
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - K Ivshin
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - R Jacobsson
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Jakobsen
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Jalocha
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - E Jans
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B K Jashal
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - F Jiang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - M John
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D Johnson
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C R Jones
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - C Joram
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Jost
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N Jurik
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Kandybei
- NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - M Karacson
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J M Kariuki
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - S Karodia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - N Kazeev
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Kecke
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Keizer
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Kelsey
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - M Kenzie
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - T Ketel
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B Khanji
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Kharisova
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - C Khurewathanakul
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K E Kim
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - T Kirn
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - V S Kirsebom
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Klaver
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - K Klimaszewski
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Koliiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - M Kolpin
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Kondybayeva
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - A Konoplyannikov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - R Kopecna
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Koppenburg
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - I Kostiuk
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - O Kot
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - S Kotriakhova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - M Kozeiha
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Kravchuk
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - M Kreps
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - F Kress
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Kretzschmar
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Krokovny
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - W Krupa
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - W Krzemien
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Kucewicz
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Kucharczyk
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - V Kudryavtsev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - G J Kunde
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - A K Kuonen
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Kvaratskheliya
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Lacarrere
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Lafferty
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Lai
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - D Lancierini
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G Lanfranchi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C Langenbruch
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - C Lazzeroni
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Le Gac
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - A Leflat
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - R Lefèvre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F Lemaitre
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Leroy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - T Lesiak
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - B Leverington
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Li
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - P-R Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Li
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - Y Li
- Institute Of High Energy Physics (ihep), Beijing, China
| | - Z Li
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - X Liang
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - T Likhomanenko
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - R Lindner
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Ling
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - F Lionetto
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Lisovskyi
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - G Liu
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Liu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - D Loh
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - A Loi
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - J Lomba Castro
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - I Longstaff
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J H Lopes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Loustau
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G H Lovell
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Lucio Martinez
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Y Luo
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - A Lupato
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - O Lupton
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - X Lyu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - R Ma
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - F Machefert
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - F Maciuc
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - V Macko
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Mackowiak
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Maddrell-Mander
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - O Maev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Maguire
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - D Maisuzenko
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - M W Majewski
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - S Malde
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - B Malecki
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Malinin
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - T Maltsev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - H Malygina
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Manca
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - G Mancinelli
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | | | - J Maratas
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J F Marchand
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - U Marconi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Marin Benito
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - M Marinangeli
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Marino
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Marks
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P J Marshall
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - L Martinazzoli
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Martinelli
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Martinez Santos
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F Martinez Vidal
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - A Massafferri
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Materok
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - R Matev
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Mathad
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Z Mathe
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Matiunin
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - C Matteuzzi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - K R Mattioli
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - A Mauri
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E Maurice
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - B Maurin
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M McCann
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A McNab
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - R McNulty
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J V Mead
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - B Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - C Meaux
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - N Meinert
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | - D Melnychuk
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Merk
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Merli
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - M Mikhasenko
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D A Milanes
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France)
| | - E Millard
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - M-N Minard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - L Minzoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - D S Mitzel
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Mogini
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - R D Moise
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Mombächer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - I A Monroy
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France)
| | - S Monteil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - G Morello
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | | | - J Moron
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - A B Morris
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - R Mountain
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - H Mu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - F Muheim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Mukherjee
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - M Mulder
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C H Murphy
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D Murray
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Mödden
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Müller
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Müller
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - K Müller
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Müller
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - P Naik
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - T Nakada
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Nandakumar
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - A Nandi
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - T Nanut
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Nasteva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Needham
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - S Neubert
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Neufeld
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Newcombe
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - T D Nguyen
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Nguyen-Mau
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Nieswand
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - R Niet
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - N Nikitin
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - N S Nolte
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - A Oblakowska-Mucha
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - V Obraztsov
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - S Ogilvy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - R Oldeman
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - C J G Onderwater
- Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (associated with Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands)
| | - J D Osborn
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - A Ossowska
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - T Ovsiannikova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - P Owen
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Oyanguren
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - P R Pais
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Pajero
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - M Palutan
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - G Panshin
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - A Papanestis
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - M Pappagallo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - W Parker
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - C Parkes
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - G Passaleva
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - M Patel
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Pearce
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Pellegrino
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G Penso
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - M Pepe Altarelli
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - D Pereima
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - P Perret
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Pescatore
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Petridis
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Petrov
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - S Petrucci
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - B Pietrzyk
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - G Pietrzyk
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Pikies
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Pili
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A Pilloni
- European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas and Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Villazzano, Italy
| | - D Pinci
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - J Pinzino
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Pisani
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Piucci
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Placinta
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Playfer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - J Plews
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Plo Casasus
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F Polci
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - M Poli Lener
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M Poliakova
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - A Poluektov
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - N Polukhina
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - I Polyakov
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - E Polycarpo
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G J Pomery
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - S Ponce
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Popov
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - D Popov
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - S Poslavskii
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - E Price
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - C Prouve
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - V Pugatch
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - A Puig Navarro
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - H Pullen
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - G Punzi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - W Qian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - J Qin
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - R Quagliani
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - B Quintana
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - N V Raab
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Rachwal
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - J H Rademacker
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Ramos Pernas
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M S Rangel
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F Ratnikov
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Raven
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - M Reboud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - F Redi
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Reichert
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A C Dos Reis
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F Reiss
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - C Remon Alepuz
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - Z Ren
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - V Renaudin
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Ricciardi
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - S Richards
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - K Rinnert
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - P Robbe
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - A Robert
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - A B Rodrigues
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Rodrigues
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - J A Rodriguez Lopez
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France)
| | - M Roehrken
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Roiser
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Rollings
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - V Romanovskiy
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - A Romero Vidal
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J D Roth
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M S Rudolph
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - T Ruf
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Ruiz Vidal
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - J J Saborido Silva
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - N Sagidova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - B Saitta
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - V Salustino Guimaraes
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [associated with Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]
| | - C Sanchez Gras
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C Sanchez Mayordomo
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - B Sanmartin Sedes
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - C Santamarina Rios
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Santimaria
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - G Sarpis
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Sarti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C Satriano
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - A Satta
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - M Saur
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - D Savrina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - S Schael
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Schellenberg
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Schiller
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - H Schindler
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Schmelling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Schmelzer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - B Schmidt
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Schneider
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Schopper
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - M Schubiger
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Schulte
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M H Schune
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - R Schwemmer
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Sciascia
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - A Sciubba
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - A Semennikov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Sepulveda
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - A Sergi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - N Serra
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Serrano
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - L Sestini
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Seuthe
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - P Seyfert
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Shapkin
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - T Shears
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - L Shekhtman
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V Shevchenko
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - E Shmanin
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - B G Siddi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - S Simone
- INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - I Skiba
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - N Skidmore
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - M W Slater
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - J G Smeaton
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - E Smith
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - I T Smith
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Smith
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Soares
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Soares Lavra
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - F J P Soler
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - B Souza De Paula
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B Spaan
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - P Spradlin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - F Stagni
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Stahl
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Stahl
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Stefko
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Stefkova
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - O Steinkamp
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Stemmle
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O Stenyakin
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - M Stepanova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - H Stevens
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Stocchi
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - S Stone
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | | | - M E Stramaglia
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Straticiuc
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - U Straumann
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Strokov
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - J Sun
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - L Sun
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Y Sun
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - K Swientek
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Szabelski
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - T Szumlak
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Szymanski
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - S T'Jampens
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - Z Tang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - T Tekampe
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - F Teubert
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Thomas
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J van Tilburg
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M J Tilley
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Tisserand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Tobin
- Institute Of High Energy Physics (ihep), Beijing, China
| | - S Tolk
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - D Y Tou
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - E Tournefier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - M Traill
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - M T Tran
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Trisovic
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - G Tuci
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Tully
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - N Tuning
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Ukleja
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Usachov
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - A Ustyuzhanin
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - U Uwer
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Vagner
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia]
| | - V Vagnoni
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Valassi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Valat
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Valenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - H Van Hecke
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - C B Van Hulse
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Vasiliev
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - R Vazquez Gomez
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Vazquez Regueiro
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Vecchi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M van Veghel
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J J Velthuis
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Veltri
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - M Vernet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Veronesi
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Vesterinen
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - J V Viana Barbosa
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Vieira
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - M Vieites Diaz
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - H Viemann
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | | | - A Vitkovskiy
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Vitti
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - V Volkov
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - A Vollhardt
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Vom Bruch
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - B Voneki
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Vorobyev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - V Vorobyev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N Voropaev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - J A de Vries
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C Vázquez Sierra
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Waldi
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | - J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - J Wang
- Institute Of High Energy Physics (ihep), Beijing, China
| | - J Wang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - M Wang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wang
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Z Wang
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D R Ward
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - H M Wark
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - N K Watson
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - D Websdale
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Weiden
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Weisser
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Whitehead
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - G Wilkinson
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Wilkinson
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - I Williams
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M R J Williams
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Williams
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - T Williams
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - M Winn
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - W Wislicki
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Witek
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - G Wormser
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - S A Wotton
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - K Wyllie
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Xiao
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Y Xie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - H Xing
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - A Xu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - L Xu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - M Xu
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Q Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Z Xu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Xu
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - Z Yang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Yang
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Y Yao
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - L E Yeomans
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - H Yin
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - J Yu
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Yuan
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - O Yushchenko
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - K A Zarebski
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Zavertyaev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Zeng
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - D Zhang
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - L Zhang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - S Zhang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - W C Zhang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zhang
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Zhelezov
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Zheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Zhu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - V Zhukov
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - J B Zonneveld
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Bondar A, Bondar N, Borghi S, Borisyak M, Borsato M, Boubdir M, Bowcock TJV, Bozzi C, Braun S, Brodski M, Brodzicka J, Brossa Gonzalo A, Brundu D, Buchanan E, Buonaura A, Burr C, Bursche A, Buytaert J, Byczynski W, Cadeddu S, Cai H, Calabrese R, Cali S, Calladine R, Calvi M, Calvo Gomez M, Camboni A, Campana P, Campora Perez DH, Capriotti L, Carbone A, Carboni G, Cardinale R, Cardini A, Carniti P, Carvalho Akiba K, Casse G, Cattaneo M, Cavallero G, Cenci R, Chapman MG, Charles M, Charpentier P, Chatzikonstantinidis G, Chefdeville M, Chekalina V, Chen C, Chen S, Chitic SG, Chobanova V, Chrzaszcz M, Chubykin A, Ciambrone P, Cid Vidal X, Ciezarek G, Cindolo F, Clarke PEL, Clemencic M, Cliff HV, Closier J, Coco V, Coelho JAB, Cogan J, Cogneras E, Cojocariu L, Collins P, Colombo T, Comerma-Montells A, Contu A, Coombs G, Coquereau S, Corti G, Costa Sobral CM, Couturier B, Cowan GA, Craik DC, Crocombe A, Cruz Torres M, Currie R, D'Ambrosio C, Da Silva CL, Dall'Occo E, Dalseno J, Danilina A, Davis A, De Aguiar Francisco O, De Bruyn K, De Capua S, De Cian M, De Miranda JM, De Paula L, De Serio M, De Simone P, Dean CT, Dean W, Decamp D, Del Buono L, Delaney B, Dembinski HP, Demmer M, Dendek A, Derkach D, Deschamps O, Desse F, Dettori F, Dey B, Di Canto A, Di Nezza P, Didenko S, Dijkstra H, Dordei F, Dorigo M, Dosil Suárez A, Douglas L, Dovbnya A, Dreimanis K, Dufour L, Dujany G, Durante P, Durham JM, Dutta D, Dzhelyadin R, Dziewiecki M, Dziurda A, Dzyuba A, Easo S, Egede U, Egorychev V, Eidelman S, Eisenhardt S, Eitschberger U, Ekelhof R, Eklund L, Ely S, Ene A, Escher S, Esen S, Evans T, Falabella A, Farley N, Farry S, Fazzini D, Fernandez Declara P, Fernandez Prieto A, Ferrari F, Ferreira Lopes L, Ferreira Rodrigues F, Ferreres Sole S, Ferro-Luzzi M, Filippov S, Fini RA, Fiorini M, Firlej M, Fitzpatrick C, Fiutowski T, Fleuret F, Fontana M, Fontanelli F, Forty R, Franco Lima V, Frank M, Frei C, Fu J, Funk W, Färber C, Féo M, Gabriel E, Gallas Torreira A, Galli D, Gallorini 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Observation of CP Violation in Charm Decays. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:211803. [PMID: 31283320 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.211803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A search for charge-parity (CP) violation in D^{0}→K^{-}K^{+} and D^{0}→π^{-}π^{+} decays is reported, using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.9 fb^{-1} collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the LHCb detector. The flavor of the charm meson is inferred from the charge of the pion in D^{*}(2010)^{+}→D^{0}π^{+} decays or from the charge of the muon in B[over ¯]→D^{0}μ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ}X decays. The difference between the CP asymmetries in D^{0}→K^{-}K^{+} and D^{0}→π^{-}π^{+} decays is measured to be ΔA_{CP}=[-18.2±3.2(stat)±0.9(syst)]×10^{-4} for π-tagged and ΔA_{CP}=[-9±8(stat)±5(syst)]×10^{-4} for μ-tagged D^{0} mesons. Combining these with previous LHCb results leads to ΔA_{CP}=(-15.4±2.9)×10^{-4}, where the uncertainty includes both statistical and systematic contributions. The measured value differs from zero by more than 5 standard deviations. This is the first observation of CP violation in the decay of charm hadrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Aaij
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C Abellán Beteta
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - B Adeva
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Adinolfi
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - C A Aidala
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (associated with Institution Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - Z Ajaltouni
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Akar
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - P Albicocco
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - J Albrecht
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - F Alessio
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Alexander
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - G Alkhazov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - A A Alves
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Amato
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Y Amhis
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - L An
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - G Andreassi
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - J E Andrews
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - F Archilli
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P d'Argent
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Arnau Romeu
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - A Artamonov
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - M Artuso
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - K Arzymatov
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Aslanides
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - M Atzeni
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Audurier
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - S Bachmann
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J J Back
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - S Baker
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Balagura
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - W Baldini
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Baranov
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
| | - R J Barlow
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - S Barsuk
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - W Barter
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - F Baryshnikov
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - V Batozskaya
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Batsukh
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - A Battig
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - V Battista
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Bay
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - I Bediaga
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Beiter
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - L J Bel
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Belin
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - N Beliy
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - V Bellee
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Belloli
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - K Belous
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - I Belyaev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Ben-Haim
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - G Bencivenni
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - S Benson
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Beranek
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Berezhnoy
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - R Bernet
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Berninghoff
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Bertholet
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | | | - C Betancourt
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Betti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M O Bettler
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M van Beuzekom
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ia Bezshyiko
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Bhasin
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - J Bhom
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - M S Bieker
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Bifani
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - P Billoir
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - A Birnkraut
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Bizzeti
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - M Bjørn
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M P Blago
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Blake
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - F Blanc
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Blusk
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - D Bobulska
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - V Bocci
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - O Boente Garcia
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - T Boettcher
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Bondar
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N Bondar
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Borghi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Borisyak
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Borsato
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Boubdir
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - T J V Bowcock
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Braun
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Brodski
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Brodzicka
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Brossa Gonzalo
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - D Brundu
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Buchanan
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - A Buonaura
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Burr
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Bursche
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - J Buytaert
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - W Byczynski
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Cadeddu
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - H Cai
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | | | - S Cali
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calladine
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Calvi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | - A Camboni
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Campana
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - D H Campora Perez
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - A Carbone
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Carboni
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | | | - A Cardini
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - P Carniti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - K Carvalho Akiba
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Casse
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M Cattaneo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R Cenci
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M G Chapman
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Charles
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ph Charpentier
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - M Chefdeville
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - V Chekalina
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
| | - C Chen
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - S Chen
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - S-G Chitic
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Chobanova
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Chrzaszcz
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Chubykin
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - P Ciambrone
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - X Cid Vidal
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - G Ciezarek
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Cindolo
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - P E L Clarke
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Clemencic
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H V Cliff
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Closier
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Coco
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J A B Coelho
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - J Cogan
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - E Cogneras
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Cojocariu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P Collins
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Colombo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Comerma-Montells
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Contu
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - G Coombs
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Coquereau
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Corti
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C M Costa Sobral
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - B Couturier
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G A Cowan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - D C Craik
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Crocombe
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - M Cruz Torres
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R Currie
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - C D'Ambrosio
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C L Da Silva
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA (associated with Institution Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - E Dall'Occo
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Dalseno
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Danilina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Davis
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - K De Bruyn
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S De Capua
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M De Cian
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J M De Miranda
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L De Paula
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - P De Simone
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C T Dean
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - W Dean
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (associated with Institution Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - D Decamp
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - L Del Buono
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - B Delaney
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - H-P Dembinski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Demmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Dendek
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - D Derkach
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - O Deschamps
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F Desse
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - F Dettori
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - B Dey
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - A Di Canto
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Di Nezza
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - S Didenko
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - H Dijkstra
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Dordei
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - M Dorigo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Dosil Suárez
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L Douglas
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - A Dovbnya
- NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - K Dreimanis
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - L Dufour
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Dujany
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - P Durante
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J M Durham
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA (associated with Institution Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - D Dutta
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - R Dzhelyadin
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - M Dziewiecki
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Dziurda
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Dzyuba
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Easo
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - U Egede
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Egorychev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Eidelman
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S Eisenhardt
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - U Eitschberger
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Ekelhof
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - L Eklund
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - S Ely
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - A Ene
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Escher
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Esen
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T Evans
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - N Farley
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - S Farry
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Fazzini
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | - A Fernandez Prieto
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F Ferrari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Ferreira Lopes
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - S Ferreres Sole
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Ferro-Luzzi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Filippov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - R A Fini
- INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - M Fiorini
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Firlej
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - C Fitzpatrick
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Fiutowski
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - F Fleuret
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - M Fontana
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R Forty
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Franco Lima
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M Frank
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Frei
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Fu
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - W Funk
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Färber
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Féo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Gabriel
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Gallas Torreira
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Galli
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - S Gambetta
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Y Gan
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - M Gandelman
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P Gandini
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Y Gao
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - L M Garcia Martin
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - B Garcia Plana
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - J Garra Tico
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - L Garrido
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Gascon
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Gaspar
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Gazzoni
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D Gerick
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Gersabeck
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Gersabeck
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - T Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - D Gerstel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - Ph Ghez
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - V Gibson
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - O G Girard
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - L Giubega
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - K Gizdov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - V V Gligorov
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - D Golubkov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Golutvin
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - A Gomes
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I V Gorelov
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - C Gotti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - E Govorkova
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J P Grabowski
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - E Graugés
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Graverini
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - A Grecu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - R Greim
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Griffith
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - L Grillo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - L Gruber
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - C Gu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - X Guo
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - E Gushchin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - A Guth
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yu Guz
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Gys
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Göbel
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [associated with Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]
| | - T Hadavizadeh
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C Hadjivasiliou
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - G Haefeli
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Haen
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S C Haines
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - B Hamilton
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Q Han
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Han
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T H Hancock
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Hansmann-Menzemer
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Harnew
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - T Harrison
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - C Hasse
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Hatch
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J He
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - M Hecker
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Heinicke
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Heister
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - K Hennessy
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - L Henry
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - E van Herwijnen
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Heuel
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | - A Hicheur
- Laboratory of Mathematical and Subatomic Physics, Constantine, Algeria [associated with Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]
| | - R Hidalgo Charman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - D Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Hilton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - P H Hopchev
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Hu
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Hu
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - W Huang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Z C Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - W Hulsbergen
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T Humair
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Hushchyn
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Hutchcroft
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Hynds
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Ibis
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Idzik
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - P Ilten
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Inglessi
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Inyakin
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - K Ivshin
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - R Jacobsson
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Jakobsen
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Jalocha
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - E Jans
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B K Jashal
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - F Jiang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - M John
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D Johnson
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C R Jones
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - C Joram
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Jost
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N Jurik
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Kandybei
- NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - M Karacson
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J M Kariuki
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - S Karodia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - N Kazeev
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Kecke
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Keizer
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Kelsey
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - M Kenzie
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - T Ketel
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B Khanji
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Kharisova
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - C Khurewathanakul
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K E Kim
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - T Kirn
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - V S Kirsebom
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Klaver
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - K Klimaszewski
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Koliiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - M Kolpin
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Kopecna
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Koppenburg
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - I Kostiuk
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - S Kotriakhova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - M Kozeiha
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Kravchuk
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - M Kreps
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - F Kress
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Kretzschmar
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Krokovny
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - W Krupa
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - W Krzemien
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Kucewicz
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Kucharczyk
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - V Kudryavtsev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - G J Kunde
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA (associated with Institution Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - A K Kuonen
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Kvaratskheliya
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Lacarrere
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Lafferty
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Lai
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - D Lancierini
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G Lanfranchi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C Langenbruch
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - C Lazzeroni
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Le Gac
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - A Leflat
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - R Lefèvre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F Lemaitre
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Leroy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - T Lesiak
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - B Leverington
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Li
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - P-R Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Li
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA (associated with Institution Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - Y Li
- Institute Of High Energy Physics (ihep), Beijing, China
| | - Z Li
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - X Liang
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - T Likhomanenko
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - R Lindner
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Ling
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - F Lionetto
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Lisovskyi
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - G Liu
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Liu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - D Loh
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - A Loi
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - I Longstaff
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J H Lopes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Loustau
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G H Lovell
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Lucio Martinez
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Y Luo
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - A Lupato
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - O Lupton
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - X Lyu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - R Ma
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - F Machefert
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - F Maciuc
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - V Macko
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Mackowiak
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Maddrell-Mander
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - O Maev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Maguire
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - D Maisuzenko
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - M W Majewski
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - S Malde
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - B Malecki
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Malinin
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - T Maltsev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - H Malygina
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Manca
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - G Mancinelli
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | | | - J Maratas
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J F Marchand
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - U Marconi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Marin Benito
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - M Marinangeli
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Marino
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Marks
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P J Marshall
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Martinelli
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Martinez Santos
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F Martinez Vidal
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - A Massafferri
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Materok
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - R Matev
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Mathad
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Z Mathe
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Matiunin
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - C Matteuzzi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - K R Mattioli
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (associated with Institution Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - A Mauri
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E Maurice
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - B Maurin
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M McCann
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A McNab
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - R McNulty
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J V Mead
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - B Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - C Meaux
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - N Meinert
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | - D Melnychuk
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Merk
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Merli
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - D A Milanes
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France)
| | - E Millard
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - M-N Minard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - L Minzoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - D S Mitzel
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Mogini
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - R D Moise
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Mombächer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - I A Monroy
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France)
| | - S Monteil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - G Morello
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | | | - J Moron
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - A B Morris
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - R Mountain
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - F Muheim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Mukherjee
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - M Mulder
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C H Murphy
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D Murray
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Mödden
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Müller
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Müller
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - K Müller
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Müller
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - P Naik
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - T Nakada
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Nandakumar
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - A Nandi
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - T Nanut
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Nasteva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Needham
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - S Neubert
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Neufeld
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Newcombe
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - T D Nguyen
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Nguyen-Mau
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Nieswand
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - R Niet
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - N Nikitin
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - N S Nolte
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - A Oblakowska-Mucha
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - V Obraztsov
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - S Ogilvy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - R Oldeman
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - C J G Onderwater
- Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (associated with Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands)
| | - J D Osborn
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (associated with Institution Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - A Ossowska
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - T Ovsiannikova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - P Owen
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Oyanguren
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - P R Pais
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Pajero
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - M Palutan
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - G Panshin
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - A Papanestis
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - M Pappagallo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - W Parker
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - C Parkes
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - G Passaleva
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - M Patel
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Pearce
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Pellegrino
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G Penso
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - M Pepe Altarelli
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - D Pereima
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - P Perret
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Pescatore
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Petridis
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Petrov
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - S Petrucci
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - B Pietrzyk
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - G Pietrzyk
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Pikies
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Pili
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D Pinci
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - J Pinzino
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Pisani
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Piucci
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Placinta
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Playfer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - J Plews
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Plo Casasus
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F Polci
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - M Poli Lener
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M Poliakova
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - A Poluektov
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - N Polukhina
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - I Polyakov
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - E Polycarpo
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G J Pomery
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - S Ponce
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Popov
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - D Popov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - S Poslavskii
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - E Price
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - C Prouve
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - V Pugatch
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - A Puig Navarro
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - H Pullen
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - G Punzi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - W Qian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - J Qin
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - R Quagliani
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - B Quintana
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - N V Raab
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Rachwal
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - J H Rademacker
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Ramos Pernas
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M S Rangel
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F Ratnikov
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Raven
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - M Reboud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - F Redi
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Reichert
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A C Dos Reis
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F Reiss
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - C Remon Alepuz
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - Z Ren
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - V Renaudin
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Ricciardi
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - S Richards
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - K Rinnert
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - P Robbe
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - A Robert
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - A B Rodrigues
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Rodrigues
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - J A Rodriguez Lopez
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France)
| | - M Roehrken
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Roiser
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Rollings
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - V Romanovskiy
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - A Romero Vidal
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J D Roth
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (associated with Institution Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M S Rudolph
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - T Ruf
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Ruiz Vidal
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - J J Saborido Silva
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - N Sagidova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - B Saitta
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - V Salustino Guimaraes
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [associated with Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]
| | - C Sanchez Gras
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C Sanchez Mayordomo
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - B Sanmartin Sedes
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - C Santamarina Rios
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Santimaria
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - G Sarpis
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Sarti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C Satriano
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - A Satta
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - M Saur
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - D Savrina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - S Schael
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Schellenberg
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Schiller
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - H Schindler
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Schmelling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Schmelzer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - B Schmidt
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Schneider
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Schopper
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - M Schubiger
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Schulte
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M H Schune
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - R Schwemmer
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Sciascia
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - A Sciubba
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - A Semennikov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Sepulveda
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - A Sergi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - N Serra
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Serrano
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - L Sestini
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Seuthe
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - P Seyfert
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Shapkin
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - T Shears
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - L Shekhtman
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V Shevchenko
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - E Shmanin
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - B G Siddi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - S Simone
- INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - I Skiba
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - N Skidmore
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - M W Slater
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - J G Smeaton
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - E Smith
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - I T Smith
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Smith
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Soares
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Soares Lavra
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - F J P Soler
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - B Souza De Paula
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B Spaan
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - P Spradlin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - F Stagni
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Stahl
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Stahl
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Stefko
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Stefkova
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - O Steinkamp
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Stemmle
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O Stenyakin
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - M Stepanova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - H Stevens
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Stocchi
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - S Stone
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | | | - M E Stramaglia
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Straticiuc
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - U Straumann
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Strokov
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - J Sun
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - L Sun
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Y Sun
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - K Swientek
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Szabelski
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Szumlak
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Szymanski
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - S T'Jampens
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - Z Tang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - T Tekampe
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - F Teubert
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Thomas
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J van Tilburg
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M J Tilley
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Tisserand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Tobin
- Institute Of High Energy Physics (ihep), Beijing, China
| | - S Tolk
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - D Y Tou
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | | | - E Tournefier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - M Traill
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - M T Tran
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Trisovic
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - G Tuci
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Tully
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - N Tuning
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Ukleja
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Usachov
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - A Ustyuzhanin
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - U Uwer
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Vagner
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (ITEP NRC KI), Moscow, Russia, Moscow, Russia)
| | - V Vagnoni
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Valassi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Valat
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Valenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - H Van Hecke
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA (associated with Institution Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - C B Van Hulse
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Vazquez Gomez
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Vazquez Regueiro
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Vecchi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M van Veghel
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J J Velthuis
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Veltri
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - M Vernet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Veronesi
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Vesterinen
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - J V Viana Barbosa
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Vieira
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - M Vieites Diaz
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - H Viemann
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | | | - A Vitkovskiy
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Vitti
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - V Volkov
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - A Vollhardt
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Vom Bruch
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - B Voneki
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Vorobyev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - V Vorobyev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N Voropaev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC Kurchatov Institute (PNPI NRC KI), Gatchina, Russia, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - J A de Vries
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C Vázquez Sierra
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Waldi
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | - J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - J Wang
- Institute Of High Energy Physics (ihep), Beijing, China
| | - M Wang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wang
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Z Wang
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D R Ward
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - H M Wark
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - N K Watson
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - D Websdale
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Weiden
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Weisser
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Whitehead
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - G Wilkinson
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Wilkinson
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - I Williams
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M R J Williams
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Williams
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - T Williams
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - M Winn
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - W Wislicki
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Witek
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - G Wormser
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - S A Wotton
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - K Wyllie
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Xiao
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Y Xie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - H Xing
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - A Xu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - M Xu
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Q Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Z Xu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Xu
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - Z Yang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Yang
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Y Yao
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - L E Yeomans
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - H Yin
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - J Yu
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Yuan
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - O Yushchenko
- Institute for High Energy Physics NRC Kurchatov Institute (IHEP NRC KI), Protvino, Russia, Protvino, Russia
| | - K A Zarebski
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Zavertyaev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Zeng
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - D Zhang
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - L Zhang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - W C Zhang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zhang
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Zhelezov
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Zheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Zhu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - V Zhukov
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - J B Zonneveld
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Aaij R, Abellán Beteta C, Adeva B, Adinolfi M, Aidala CA, Ajaltouni Z, Akar S, Albicocco P, Albrecht J, Alessio F, Alexander M, Alfonso Albero A, Alkhazov G, Alvarez Cartelle P, Alves AA, Amato S, Amhis Y, An L, Anderlini L, Andreassi G, Andreotti M, Andrews JE, Archilli F, d'Argent P, Arnau Romeu J, Artamonov A, Artuso M, Arzymatov K, Aslanides E, Atzeni M, Audurier B, Bachmann S, Back JJ, Baker S, Balagura V, Baldini W, Baranov A, Barlow RJ, Barrand GC, Barsuk S, Barter W, Bartolini M, Baryshnikov F, Batozskaya V, Batsukh B, Battig A, Battista V, Bay A, Bedeschi F, Bediaga I, Beiter A, Bel LJ, Belin S, Beliy N, Bellee V, Belloli N, Belous K, Belyaev I, Ben-Haim E, Bencivenni G, Benson S, Beranek S, Berezhnoy A, Bernet R, Berninghoff D, Bertholet E, Bertolin A, Betancourt C, Betti F, Bettler MO, van Beuzekom M, Bezshyiko I, Bhasin S, Bhom J, Bieker MS, Bifani S, Billoir P, Birnkraut A, Bizzeti A, Bjørn M, Blago MP, Blake T, Blanc F, Blusk S, Bobulska D, Bocci V, Boente Garcia O, Boettcher T, Bondar A, Bondar N, Borghi S, Borisyak M, Borsato M, Boubdir M, Bowcock TJV, Bozzi C, Braun S, Brodski M, Brodzicka J, Brossa Gonzalo A, Brundu D, Buchanan E, Buonaura A, Burr C, Bursche A, Buytaert J, Byczynski W, Cadeddu S, Cai H, Calabrese R, Calladine R, Calvi M, Calvo Gomez M, Camboni A, Campana P, Campora Perez DH, Capriotti L, Carbone A, Carboni G, Cardinale R, Cardini A, Carniti P, Carvalho Akiba K, Casse G, Cattaneo M, Cavallero G, Cenci R, Chamont D, Chapman MG, Charles M, Charpentier P, Chatzikonstantinidis G, Chefdeville M, Chekalina V, Chen C, Chen S, Chitic SG, Chobanova V, Chrzaszcz M, Chubykin A, Ciambrone P, Cid Vidal X, Ciezarek G, Cindolo F, Clarke PEL, Clemencic M, Cliff HV, Closier J, Coco V, Coelho JAB, Cogan J, Cogneras E, Cojocariu L, Collins P, Colombo T, Comerma-Montells A, Contu A, Coombs G, Coquereau S, Corti G, Costa Sobral CM, Couturier B, Cowan GA, Craik DC, Crocombe A, Cruz Torres M, Currie R, D'Ambrosio C, Da Silva CL, Dall'Occo E, Dalseno J, Danilina A, Davis A, De Aguiar Francisco O, De Bruyn K, De Capua S, De Cian M, De Miranda JM, De Paula L, De Serio M, De Simone P, Dean CT, Dean W, Decamp D, Del Buono L, Delaney B, Dembinski HP, Demmer M, Dendek A, Derkach D, Deschamps O, Desse F, Dettori F, Dey B, Di Canto A, Di Nezza P, Didenko S, Dijkstra H, Dordei F, Dorigo M, Dosil Suárez A, Douglas L, Dovbnya A, Dreimanis K, Dufour L, Dujany G, Durante P, Durham JM, Dutta D, Dzhelyadin R, Dziewiecki M, Dziurda A, Dzyuba A, Easo S, Egede U, Egorychev V, Eidelman S, Eisenhardt S, Eitschberger U, Ekelhof R, Eklund L, Ely S, Ene A, Escher S, Esen S, Evans T, Falabella A, Farley N, Farry S, Fazzini D, Fernandez Declara P, Fernandez Prieto A, Ferrari F, Ferreira Lopes L, Ferreira Rodrigues F, Ferreres Sole S, Ferro-Luzzi M, Filippov S, Fini RA, Fiorini M, Firlej M, Fitzpatrick C, Fiutowski T, Fleuret F, Fontana M, Fontanelli F, Forty R, Franco Lima V, Frank M, Frei C, Fu J, Funk W, Färber C, Féo M, Gabriel E, Gallas Torreira A, Galli D, Gallorini S, Gambetta S, Gan Y, Gandelman M, Gandini P, Gao Y, Garcia Martin LM, Garcia Plana B, García Pardiñas J, Garra Tico J, Garrido L, Gascon D, Gaspar C, Gazzoni G, Gerick D, Gersabeck E, Gersabeck M, Gershon T, Gerstel D, Ghez P, Gibson V, Girard OG, Gironella Gironell P, Giubega L, Gizdov K, Gligorov VV, Golubkov D, Golutvin A, Gomes A, Gorelov IV, Gotti C, Govorkova E, Grabowski JP, Graciani Diaz R, Granado Cardoso LA, Graugés E, Graverini E, Graziani G, Grecu A, Greim R, Griffith P, Grillo L, Gruber L, Gruberg Cazon BR, Gu C, Guo X, Gushchin E, Guth A, Guz Y, Gys T, Göbel C, Hadavizadeh T, Hadjivasiliou C, Haefeli G, Haen C, Haines SC, Hamilton B, Han X, Hancock TH, Hansmann-Menzemer S, Harnew N, Harrison T, Hasse C, Hatch M, He J, Hecker M, Heinicke K, Heister A, Hennessy K, Henry L, van Herwijnen E, Heuel J, Heß M, Hicheur A, Hidalgo Charman R, Hill D, Hilton M, Hopchev PH, Hu J, Hu W, Huang W, Huard ZC, Hulsbergen W, Humair T, Hushchyn M, Hutchcroft D, Hynds D, Ibis P, Idzik M, Ilten P, Inglessi A, Inyakin A, Ivshin K, Jacobsson R, Jakobsen S, Jalocha J, Jans E, Jashal BK, Jawahery A, Jiang F, John M, Johnson D, Jones CR, Joram C, Jost B, Jurik N, Kandybei S, Karacson M, Kariuki JM, Karodia S, Kazeev N, Kecke M, Keizer F, Kelsey M, Kenzie M, Ketel T, Khanji B, Kharisova A, Khurewathanakul C, Kim KE, Kirn T, Kirsebom VS, Klaver S, Klimaszewski K, Koliiev S, Kolpin M, Kopecna R, Koppenburg P, Kostiuk I, Kotriakhova S, Kozeiha M, Kravchuk L, Kreps M, Kress F, Kretzschmar S, Krokovny P, Krupa W, Krzemien W, Kucewicz W, Kucharczyk M, Kudryavtsev V, Kunde GJ, Kuonen AK, Kvaratskheliya T, Lacarrere D, Lafferty G, Lai A, Lancierini D, Lanfranchi G, Langenbruch C, Latham T, Lazzeroni C, Le Gac R, Leflat A, Lefèvre R, Lemaitre F, Leroy O, Lesiak T, Leverington B, Li H, Li PR, Li Y, Li Z, Liang X, Likhomanenko T, Lindner R, Ling P, Lionetto F, Lisovskyi V, Liu G, Liu X, Loh D, Loi A, Longstaff I, Lopes JH, Loustau G, Lovell GH, Lucchesi D, Lucio Martinez M, Luo Y, Lupato A, Luppi E, Lupton O, Lusiani A, Lyu X, Ma R, Maccolini S, Machefert F, Maciuc F, Macko V, Mackowiak P, Maddrell-Mander S, Maev O, Maguire K, Maisuzenko D, Majewski MW, Malde S, Malecki B, Malinin A, Maltsev T, Malygina H, Manca G, Mancinelli G, Marangotto D, Maratas J, Marchand JF, Marconi U, Marin Benito C, Marinangeli M, Marino P, Marks J, Marshall PJ, Martellotti G, Martinelli M, Martinez Santos D, Martinez Vidal F, Massafferri A, Materok M, Matev R, Mathad A, Mathe Z, Matiunin V, Matteuzzi C, Mattioli KR, Mauri A, Maurice E, Maurin B, McCann M, McNab A, McNulty R, Mead JV, Meadows B, Meaux C, Meinert N, Melnychuk D, Merk M, Merli A, Michielin E, Milanes DA, Millard E, Minard MN, Minzoni L, Mitzel DS, Mogini A, Moise RD, Mombächer T, Monroy IA, Monteil S, Morandin M, Morello G, Morello MJ, Moron J, Morris AB, Mountain R, Muheim F, Mukherjee M, Mulder M, Murphy CH, Murray D, Mödden A, Müller D, Müller J, Müller K, Müller V, Naik P, Nakada T, Nandakumar R, Nandi A, Nanut T, Nasteva I, Needham M, Neri N, Neubert S, Neufeld N, Newcombe R, Nguyen TD, Nguyen-Mau C, Nieswand S, Niet R, Nikitin N, Nolte NS, O'Hanlon DP, Oblakowska-Mucha A, Obraztsov V, Ogilvy S, Oldeman R, Onderwater CJG, Osborn JD, Ossowska A, Otalora Goicochea JM, Ovsiannikova T, Owen P, Oyanguren A, Pais PR, Pajero T, Palano A, Palutan M, Panshin G, Papanestis A, Pappagallo M, Pappalardo LL, Parker W, Parkes C, Passaleva G, Pastore A, Patel M, Patrignani C, Pearce A, Pellegrino A, Penso G, Pepe Altarelli M, Perazzini S, Pereima D, Perret P, Pescatore L, Petridis K, Petrolini A, Petrov A, Petrucci S, Petruzzo M, Pietrzyk B, Pietrzyk G, Pikies M, Pili M, Pinci D, Pinzino J, Pisani F, Piucci A, Placinta V, Playfer S, Plews J, Plo Casasus M, Polci F, Poli Lener M, Poliakova M, Poluektov A, Polukhina N, Polyakov I, Polycarpo E, Pomery GJ, Ponce S, Popov A, Popov D, Poslavskii S, Price E, Prouve C, Pugatch V, Puig Navarro A, Pullen H, Punzi G, Qian W, Qin J, Quagliani R, Quintana 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Search for CP Violation in D_{s}^{+}→K_{S}^{0}π^{+}, D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}K^{+}, and D^{+}→ϕπ^{+} Decays. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:191803. [PMID: 31144928 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.191803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A search for charge-parity (CP) violation in Cabibbo-suppressed D_{s}^{+}→K_{S}^{0}π^{+}, D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}K^{+}, and D^{+}→ϕπ^{+} decays is reported using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.8 fb^{-1}, collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the LHCb detector. High-yield samples of kinematically and topologically similar Cabibbo-favored D_{(s)}^{+} decays are analyzed to subtract nuisance asymmetries due to production and detection effects, including those induced by CP violation in the neutral kaon system. The results areA_{CP}(D_{s}^{+}→K_{S}^{0}π^{+})=(1.3±1.9±0.5)×10^{-3},A_{CP}(D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}K^{+})=(-0.09±0.65±0.48)×10^{-3},A_{CP}(D^{+}→ϕπ^{+})=(0.05±0.42±0.29)×10^{-3},where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. They are the most precise measurements of these quantities to date, and are consistent with CP symmetry. A combination with previous LHCb measurements, based on data collected at 7 and 8 TeV, is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Aaij
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - B Adeva
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Adinolfi
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - C A Aidala
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - Z Ajaltouni
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Akar
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - P Albicocco
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - J Albrecht
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - F Alessio
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Alexander
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - G Alkhazov
- Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", PNPI, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - A A Alves
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Amato
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Y Amhis
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - L An
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - G Andreassi
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - J E Andrews
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - F Archilli
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P d'Argent
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Arnau Romeu
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - A Artamonov
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - M Artuso
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - K Arzymatov
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Aslanides
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - M Atzeni
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Audurier
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - S Bachmann
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J J Back
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - S Baker
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Balagura
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - W Baldini
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Baranov
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
| | - R J Barlow
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - G C Barrand
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - S Barsuk
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - W Barter
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - F Baryshnikov
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia]
| | - V Batozskaya
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Batsukh
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - A Battig
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - V Battista
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Bay
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - I Bediaga
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Beiter
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - L J Bel
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Belin
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - N Beliy
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - V Bellee
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Belloli
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - K Belous
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - I Belyaev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - E Ben-Haim
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - G Bencivenni
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - S Benson
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Beranek
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Berezhnoy
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - R Bernet
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Berninghoff
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Bertholet
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | | | - C Betancourt
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Betti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M O Bettler
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M van Beuzekom
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ia Bezshyiko
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Bhasin
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - J Bhom
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - M S Bieker
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Bifani
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - P Billoir
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - A Birnkraut
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Bizzeti
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - M Bjørn
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M P Blago
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Blake
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - F Blanc
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Blusk
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - D Bobulska
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - V Bocci
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - O Boente Garcia
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - T Boettcher
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Bondar
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N Bondar
- Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", PNPI, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Borghi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Borisyak
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Borsato
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Boubdir
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - T J V Bowcock
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Braun
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Brodski
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Brodzicka
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Brossa Gonzalo
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - D Brundu
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Buchanan
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - A Buonaura
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Burr
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Bursche
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - J Buytaert
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - W Byczynski
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Cadeddu
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - H Cai
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | | | - R Calladine
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Calvi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | - A Camboni
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Campana
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - D H Campora Perez
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - A Carbone
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Carboni
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | | | - A Cardini
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - P Carniti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - K Carvalho Akiba
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Casse
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M Cattaneo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R Cenci
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Chamont
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - M G Chapman
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Charles
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ph Charpentier
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - M Chefdeville
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - V Chekalina
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
| | - C Chen
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - S Chen
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - S-G Chitic
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Chobanova
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Chrzaszcz
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Chubykin
- Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", PNPI, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - P Ciambrone
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - X Cid Vidal
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - G Ciezarek
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Cindolo
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - P E L Clarke
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Clemencic
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H V Cliff
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Closier
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Coco
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J A B Coelho
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - J Cogan
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - E Cogneras
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Cojocariu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P Collins
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Colombo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Comerma-Montells
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Contu
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - G Coombs
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Coquereau
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Corti
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C M Costa Sobral
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - B Couturier
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G A Cowan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - D C Craik
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Crocombe
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - M Cruz Torres
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R Currie
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - C D'Ambrosio
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C L Da Silva
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - E Dall'Occo
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Dalseno
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Danilina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - A Davis
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - K De Bruyn
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S De Capua
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M De Cian
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J M De Miranda
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L De Paula
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - P De Simone
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C T Dean
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - W Dean
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - D Decamp
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - L Del Buono
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - B Delaney
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - H-P Dembinski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Demmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Dendek
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - D Derkach
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - O Deschamps
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F Desse
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - F Dettori
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - B Dey
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - A Di Canto
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Di Nezza
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - S Didenko
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia]
| | - H Dijkstra
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Dordei
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - M Dorigo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Dosil Suárez
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L Douglas
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - A Dovbnya
- NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - K Dreimanis
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - L Dufour
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Dujany
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - P Durante
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J M Durham
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - D Dutta
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - R Dzhelyadin
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - M Dziewiecki
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Dziurda
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Dzyuba
- Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", PNPI, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Easo
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - U Egede
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Egorychev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - S Eidelman
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S Eisenhardt
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - U Eitschberger
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Ekelhof
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - L Eklund
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - S Ely
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - A Ene
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Escher
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Esen
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T Evans
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - N Farley
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - S Farry
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Fazzini
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | - A Fernandez Prieto
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F Ferrari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Ferreira Lopes
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - S Ferreres Sole
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Ferro-Luzzi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Filippov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - R A Fini
- INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - M Fiorini
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Firlej
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - C Fitzpatrick
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Fiutowski
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - F Fleuret
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - M Fontana
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R Forty
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Franco Lima
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M Frank
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Frei
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Fu
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - W Funk
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Färber
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Féo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Gabriel
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Gallas Torreira
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Galli
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - S Gambetta
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Y Gan
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - M Gandelman
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P Gandini
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Y Gao
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - L M Garcia Martin
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - B Garcia Plana
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - J Garra Tico
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - L Garrido
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Gascon
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Gaspar
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Gazzoni
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D Gerick
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Gersabeck
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Gersabeck
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - T Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - D Gerstel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - Ph Ghez
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - V Gibson
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - O G Girard
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - L Giubega
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - K Gizdov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - V V Gligorov
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - D Golubkov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - A Golutvin
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia]
| | - A Gomes
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I V Gorelov
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - C Gotti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - E Govorkova
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J P Grabowski
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - E Graugés
- ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Graverini
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - A Grecu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - R Greim
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Griffith
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - L Grillo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - L Gruber
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - C Gu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - X Guo
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - E Gushchin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - A Guth
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yu Guz
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Gys
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Göbel
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [associated with Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]
| | - T Hadavizadeh
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C Hadjivasiliou
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - G Haefeli
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Haen
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S C Haines
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - B Hamilton
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - X Han
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T H Hancock
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Hansmann-Menzemer
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Harnew
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - T Harrison
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - C Hasse
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Hatch
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J He
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - M Hecker
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Heinicke
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Heister
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - K Hennessy
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - L Henry
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - E van Herwijnen
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Heuel
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | - A Hicheur
- Laboratory of Mathematical and Subatomic Physics, Constantine, Algeria [associated with Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]
| | - R Hidalgo Charman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - D Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Hilton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - P H Hopchev
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Hu
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Hu
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - W Huang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Z C Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - W Hulsbergen
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T Humair
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Hushchyn
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Hutchcroft
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Hynds
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Ibis
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Idzik
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - P Ilten
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Inglessi
- Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", PNPI, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Inyakin
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - K Ivshin
- Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", PNPI, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - R Jacobsson
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Jakobsen
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Jalocha
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - E Jans
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B K Jashal
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - F Jiang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - M John
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D Johnson
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C R Jones
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - C Joram
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Jost
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N Jurik
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Kandybei
- NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - M Karacson
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J M Kariuki
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - S Karodia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - N Kazeev
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Kecke
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Keizer
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Kelsey
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - M Kenzie
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - T Ketel
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B Khanji
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Kharisova
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia]
| | - C Khurewathanakul
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K E Kim
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - T Kirn
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - V S Kirsebom
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Klaver
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - K Klimaszewski
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Koliiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - M Kolpin
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Kopecna
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Koppenburg
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - I Kostiuk
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - S Kotriakhova
- Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", PNPI, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - M Kozeiha
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Kravchuk
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - M Kreps
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - F Kress
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Kretzschmar
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Krokovny
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - W Krupa
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - W Krzemien
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Kucewicz
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Kucharczyk
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - V Kudryavtsev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - G J Kunde
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - A K Kuonen
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Kvaratskheliya
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - D Lacarrere
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Lafferty
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Lai
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - D Lancierini
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G Lanfranchi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C Langenbruch
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - C Lazzeroni
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Le Gac
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - A Leflat
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - R Lefèvre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F Lemaitre
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Leroy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - T Lesiak
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - B Leverington
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Li
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - P-R Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Y Li
- Institute Of High Energy Physics (ihep), Beijing, China
| | - Z Li
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - X Liang
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - T Likhomanenko
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia]
| | - R Lindner
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Ling
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - F Lionetto
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Lisovskyi
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - G Liu
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Liu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - D Loh
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - A Loi
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - I Longstaff
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J H Lopes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Loustau
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G H Lovell
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Lucio Martinez
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Y Luo
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - A Lupato
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - O Lupton
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - X Lyu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - R Ma
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | | | - F Machefert
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - F Maciuc
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - V Macko
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Mackowiak
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Maddrell-Mander
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - O Maev
- Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", PNPI, St.Petersburg, Russia
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Maguire
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - D Maisuzenko
- Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", PNPI, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - M W Majewski
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - S Malde
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - B Malecki
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Malinin
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia]
| | - T Maltsev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - H Malygina
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Manca
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - G Mancinelli
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | | | - J Maratas
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J F Marchand
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - U Marconi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Marin Benito
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - M Marinangeli
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Marino
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Marks
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P J Marshall
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Martinelli
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Martinez Santos
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F Martinez Vidal
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - A Massafferri
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Materok
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - R Matev
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Mathad
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Z Mathe
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Matiunin
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - C Matteuzzi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - K R Mattioli
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - A Mauri
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E Maurice
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - B Maurin
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M McCann
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A McNab
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - R McNulty
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J V Mead
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - B Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - C Meaux
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - N Meinert
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | - D Melnychuk
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Merk
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Merli
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - D A Milanes
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France)
| | - E Millard
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - M-N Minard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - L Minzoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - D S Mitzel
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Mogini
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - R D Moise
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Mombächer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - I A Monroy
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France)
| | - S Monteil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - G Morello
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | | | - J Moron
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - A B Morris
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - R Mountain
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - F Muheim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Mukherjee
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - M Mulder
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C H Murphy
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D Murray
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Mödden
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Müller
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Müller
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - K Müller
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Müller
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - P Naik
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - T Nakada
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Nandakumar
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - A Nandi
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - T Nanut
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Nasteva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Needham
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - S Neubert
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Neufeld
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Newcombe
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - T D Nguyen
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Nguyen-Mau
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Nieswand
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - R Niet
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - N Nikitin
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - N S Nolte
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - A Oblakowska-Mucha
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - V Obraztsov
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - S Ogilvy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - R Oldeman
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - C J G Onderwater
- Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (associated with Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands)
| | - J D Osborn
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - A Ossowska
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - T Ovsiannikova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - P Owen
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Oyanguren
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - P R Pais
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Pajero
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - M Palutan
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - G Panshin
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia]
| | - A Papanestis
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - M Pappagallo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - W Parker
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - C Parkes
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - G Passaleva
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - M Patel
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Pearce
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Pellegrino
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G Penso
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - M Pepe Altarelli
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Perazzini
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Pereima
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - P Perret
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Pescatore
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Petridis
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Petrov
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia]
| | - S Petrucci
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - B Pietrzyk
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - G Pietrzyk
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Pikies
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Pili
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D Pinci
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - J Pinzino
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Pisani
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Piucci
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Placinta
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Playfer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - J Plews
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Plo Casasus
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F Polci
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - M Poli Lener
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M Poliakova
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - A Poluektov
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - N Polukhina
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia]
| | - I Polyakov
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - E Polycarpo
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G J Pomery
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - S Ponce
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Popov
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - D Popov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - S Poslavskii
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - E Price
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - C Prouve
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - V Pugatch
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - A Puig Navarro
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - H Pullen
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - G Punzi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - W Qian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - J Qin
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - R Quagliani
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - B Quintana
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - N V Raab
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Rachwal
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - J H Rademacker
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Ramos Pernas
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M S Rangel
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F Ratnikov
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Raven
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - M Reboud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - F Redi
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Reichert
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A C Dos Reis
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F Reiss
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - C Remon Alepuz
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - Z Ren
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - V Renaudin
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Ricciardi
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - S Richards
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - K Rinnert
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - P Robbe
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - A Robert
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - A B Rodrigues
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Rodrigues
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - J A Rodriguez Lopez
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France)
| | - M Roehrken
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Roiser
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Rollings
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - V Romanovskiy
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - A Romero Vidal
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J D Roth
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M S Rudolph
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - T Ruf
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Ruiz Vidal
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - J J Saborido Silva
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - N Sagidova
- Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", PNPI, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - B Saitta
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - V Salustino Guimaraes
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [associated with Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]
| | - C Sanchez Gras
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C Sanchez Mayordomo
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - B Sanmartin Sedes
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - C Santamarina Rios
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Santimaria
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - G Sarpis
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Sarti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C Satriano
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - A Satta
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - M Saur
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - D Savrina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - S Schael
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Schellenberg
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Schiller
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - H Schindler
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Schmelling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Schmelzer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - B Schmidt
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Schneider
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Schopper
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - M Schubiger
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Schulte
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M H Schune
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - R Schwemmer
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Sciascia
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - A Sciubba
- INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - A Semennikov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Sepulveda
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - A Sergi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - N Serra
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Serrano
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - L Sestini
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Seuthe
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - P Seyfert
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Shapkin
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - T Shears
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - L Shekhtman
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V Shevchenko
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia]
| | - E Shmanin
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia]
| | - B G Siddi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - S Simone
- INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - I Skiba
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - N Skidmore
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - M W Slater
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - J G Smeaton
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - E Smith
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - I T Smith
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Smith
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Soares
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Soares Lavra
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - F J P Soler
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - B Souza De Paula
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B Spaan
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - P Spradlin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - F Stagni
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Stahl
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Stahl
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Stefko
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Stefkova
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - O Steinkamp
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Stemmle
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O Stenyakin
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - M Stepanova
- Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", PNPI, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - H Stevens
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Stocchi
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - S Stone
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | | | - M E Stramaglia
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Straticiuc
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - U Straumann
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Strokov
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia]
| | - J Sun
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - L Sun
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Y Sun
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - K Swientek
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Szabelski
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Szumlak
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Szymanski
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - S T'Jampens
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - Z Tang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - T Tekampe
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - F Teubert
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Thomas
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J van Tilburg
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M J Tilley
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Tisserand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Tobin
- Institute Of High Energy Physics (ihep), Beijing, China
| | - S Tolk
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - D Y Tou
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | | | - E Tournefier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - M Traill
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - M T Tran
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Trisovic
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - G Tuci
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Tully
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - N Tuning
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Ukleja
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Usachov
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - A Ustyuzhanin
- Yandex School of Data Analysis, Moscow, Russia
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - U Uwer
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Vagner
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia [associated with Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia]
| | - V Vagnoni
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Valassi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Valat
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Valenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - H Van Hecke
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA)
| | - C B Van Hulse
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Vazquez Gomez
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Vazquez Regueiro
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Vecchi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M van Veghel
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J J Velthuis
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Veltri
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - M Vernet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Veronesi
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Vesterinen
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - J V Viana Barbosa
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Vieira
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - M Vieites Diaz
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - H Viemann
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | | | - A Vitkovskiy
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Vitti
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - V Volkov
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - A Vollhardt
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Vom Bruch
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - B Voneki
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Vorobyev
- Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", PNPI, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - V Vorobyev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N Voropaev
- Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", PNPI, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - J A de Vries
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C Vázquez Sierra
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Waldi
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | - J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - J Wang
- Institute Of High Energy Physics (ihep), Beijing, China
| | - M Wang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wang
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Z Wang
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D R Ward
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - H M Wark
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - N K Watson
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - D Websdale
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Weiden
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Weisser
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Whitehead
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - G Wilkinson
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Wilkinson
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - I Williams
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M R J Williams
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Williams
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - T Williams
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - M Winn
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - W Wislicki
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Witek
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - G Wormser
- LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - S A Wotton
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - K Wyllie
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Xiao
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Y Xie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - H Xing
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - A Xu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - M Xu
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Q Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Z Xu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Xu
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
| | - Z Yang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Yang
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Y Yao
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - L E Yeomans
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - H Yin
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - J Yu
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Yuan
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - O Yushchenko
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - K A Zarebski
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Zavertyaev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Zeng
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - D Zhang
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - L Zhang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - W C Zhang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zhang
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Zhelezov
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Zheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (associated with Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - X Zhu
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - V Zhukov
- I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - J B Zonneveld
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Song Z, Zhang Y, Shao H, Ying Y, Chen X, Mei L, Ma X, Chen L, Ling P, Liu F. Effect of xanthan gum on the prevention of intra-abdominal adhesion in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 126:531-538. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ling P, Zhang Y, Luo SH, Zheng XY, Qiu LL, Yang DZ, Ai HY, Lü J, Yuan FY, Zhang XW, Xu W, Liang H, Yan JH, Yao B, Weng JP. [Glycemic control and its associated factors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 98:3762-3766. [PMID: 30541218 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2018.46.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A higher frequency of SMBG is one of the key factors to achieve sufficient glycemic control among children and adolescents with T1DM treated with CSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Prevention and Cure of Diabetes, Guangzhou 510630, China
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Wu J, Shao H, Zhang J, Ying Y, Cheng Y, Zhao D, Dou X, Lv H, Li S, Liu F, Ling P. Mussel polysaccharide α-D-glucan (MP-A) protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via maintaining the homeostasis of gut microbiota and regulating related gut-liver axis signaling pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:68-78. [PMID: 30797009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We isolated and characterized a Mussel polysaccharide, α-D-glucan (MP-A), from Mytilus coruscus earlier. In this work, the pharmacological activity and mechanisms of MP-A as an oral supplement for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were explored. High fat diet (HFD) was utilized to induce NAFLD in Sprague Dawley male rats and MP-A (0.6 g/kg) was supplemented for 4 weeks. The results showed that MP-A supplementation reduced blood lipid levels, intrahepatic lipid accumulation and NAFLD activity score in HFD-fed rats. Additionally, the analysis of 16S rDNA sequencing on gut microbiota samples revealed that HFD could induce microbial dysbiosis. However, MP-A supplementation could remodel gut microbiota structure, inhibit LPS-TLR4-NF-κB pathway activation, and restrain subsequent inflammation factors secretion. Furthermore, MP-A regulated the lipid metabolism by promoting the production of short chain fatty acids and suppressing PPAR γ and SREBP-1c expression. Our results support that MP-A can prevent against NAFLD and act as an oral supplementation for hepatoprotection via modulating gut microbiota and related gut-liver axis signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixu Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Huarong Shao
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yong Ying
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yanling Cheng
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xixi Dou
- Shandong Freda Pharmaceutical Group Company, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Huimin Lv
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Shuaiguang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Peixue Ling
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Freda Pharmaceutical Group Company, Jinan 250101, China.
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Liu J, Shao H, Fang S, Cheng Y, Ling P, Chen J. Evaluation of pharmacokinetics and pharmaco-dynamics of sinomenine-hyaluronic acid conjugate after intra-articular administration for osteoarthritis treatment. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:657-665. [PMID: 30858696 PMCID: PMC6387601 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s186558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Intra-articular injection of sinomenine (SN) is an effective treatment method for knee osteoarthritis (OA), however, SN could be eliminated quickly in vivo. To extend the residence time of SN in the joint cavity, the SN-hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugate was prepared previously. This study was performed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SN-HA conjugate after intra-articular administration for the treatment of OA. Methods A high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was established to determine the SN content in rat synovial fluid. One hundred and twenty rats were randomly divided into two groups, the SN-HA group and SN group. The concentration of SN in articular cavity washings was determined by HPLC-MS/MS. The protective effect on the cartilage was evaluated by histological evaluation in a model of papain induced rabbit knee osteoarthritis. Results The method was validated with respect to sensitivity, specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy and especially the stability of analytes under various conditions, and was successfully applied in evaluating the pharmacokinetic profiles of SN in the joint cavity. Compared to the SN injection, the drug exposure in joint cavity was significantly increased following SN-HA injection administration, and AUC(0-12h) was 2.9 times of SN injection, mean residence time (MRT) was 1.88 times of SN injection. In the pharmacodynamic study, there was no significant difference between the SN-HA twice-treated group and SH/HA five-times mixture-treated group. Conclusion The local bioavailability of SN in joint cavity was improved significantly after conjugated with HA. The SN-HA conjugate showed good synergism effect of OA inhibition. The results indicated that the SN-HA conjugate seemed to be an effective therapeutic means for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China, .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Medicines of Orthopedic Pain, Shandong Mingren Freda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huarong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China,
| | - Shaoying Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China,
| | - Yanling Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China,
| | - Peixue Ling
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China, .,Key Laboratory of Mucosal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Technology in Shandong Province, Shandong Freda Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, Jinan, Shandong Province, China,
| | - Jianying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China, .,Key Laboratory of Mucosal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Technology in Shandong Province, Shandong Freda Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, Jinan, Shandong Province, China,
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Chen Q, Shao X, Ling P, Diao J. Quantitative Analysis of Interactive Behavior of Mitochondria and Lysosomes using Structured Illumination Microscopy. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Shao X, Chen Q, Ling P, Diao J. Drug Screening and Discovery Strategies at Nanoscale Morphology using Structured Illumination Microscopy. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Zhang W, Wu J, Zhang F, Dou X, Ma A, Zhang X, Shao H, Zhao S, Ling P, Liu F, Han G. Lower range of molecular weight of xanthan gum inhibits apoptosis of chondrocytes through MAPK signaling pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:79-87. [PMID: 30659877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
LRWXG has previously been reported to have a protective effect on chondrocytes, preventing apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. In this study, we were aimed at determining whether LRWXG exerts its anti-apoptotic activity through the MAPK signaling pathways in chondrocytes. Our results show that, at the cellular level, apoptosis of chondrocytes in the groups treated by LRWXG decreases compared with groups treated by inhibitors alone and model group under conditions of oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically at the molecular level, LRWXG regulates the MAPK pathway induced by oxidative stress: The levels of phosphorylation of JNK and p38 proteins in the groups treated by LRWXG are lower than model group, while compared with corresponding groups of inhibitors, there are no significant difference; For other related proteins, LRWXG reduces the levels of the apoptosis-related proteins BAX and cleaved caspase-3, and increases the level of anti-apoptotic protein BCL2. In addition, LRWXG can significantly reduce the levels of inflammatory-related factors such as COX2, PEG2, TNFα and IL1β, and inhibits the expression of MMPs, increasing the content of type II collagen. The results of this research strongly suggest that LRWXG exerts its anti-apoptotic activity via regulating the MAPK signaling pathways in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Jixu Wu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xixi Dou
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Aibin Ma
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Huarong Shao
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Peixue Ling
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Guanying Han
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
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Dou X, Chen L, Lei M, Zellmer L, Jia Q, Ling P, He Y, Yang W, Liao DJ. Evaluating the Remote Control of Programmed Cell Death, with or without a Compensatory Cell Proliferation. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1800-1812. [PMID: 30443184 PMCID: PMC6231223 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.26962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms and their different component levels, whether organelle, cellular or other, come by birth and go by death, and the deaths are often balanced by new births. Evolution on the one hand has built demise program(s) in cells of organisms but on the other hand has established external controls on the program(s). For instance, evolution has established death program(s) in animal cells so that the cells can, when it is needed, commit apoptosis or senescent death (SD) in physiological situations and stress-induced cell death (SICD) in pathological situations. However, these programmed cell deaths are not predominantly regulated by the cells that do the dying but, instead, are controlled externally and remotely by the cells' superior(s), i.e. their host tissue or organ or even the animal's body. Currently, it is still unclear whether a cell has only one death program or has several programs respectively controlling SD, apoptosis and SICD. In animals, apoptosis exterminates, in a physiological manner, healthy but no-longer needed cells to avoid cell redundancy, whereas suicidal SD and SICD, like homicidal necrosis, terminate ill but useful cells, which may be followed by regeneration of the live cells and by scar formation to heal the damaged organ or tissue. Therefore, “who dies” clearly differentiates apoptosis from SD, SICD and necrosis. In animals, apoptosis can occur only in those cell types that retain a lifelong ability of proliferation and never occurs in those cell types that can no longer replicate in adulthood. In cancer cells, SICD is strengthened, apoptosis is dramatically weakened while SD has been lost. Most published studies professed to be about apoptosis are actually about SICD, which has four basic and well-articulated pathways involving caspases or involving pathological alterations in the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticula, or lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Dou
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, Shandong Province, P.R. China.,Technology Center, Shandong Freda Pharmaceutical Group, Jinan 250101, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Lichan Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Mingjuan Lei
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Lucas Zellmer
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 435 E. River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Qingwen Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Peixue Ling
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, Shandong Province, P.R. China.,Technology Center, Shandong Freda Pharmaceutical Group, Jinan 250101, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Yan He
- Key Lab of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of China in Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Wenxiu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Guizhou Medical University Hospital, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou province, P.R. China
| | - Dezhong Joshua Liao
- Key Lab of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of China in Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Guizhou Medical University Hospital, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou province, P.R. China
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Shao X, Chen Q, Dou X, Chen L, Wu J, Zhang W, Shao H, Ling P, Liu F, Wang F. Lower range of molecular weight of xanthan gum inhibits cartilage matrix destruction via intrinsic bax-mitochondria cytochrome c-caspase pathway. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 198:354-363. [PMID: 30093011 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xintian Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Qixin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xixi Dou
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Freda Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Jixu Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Huarong Shao
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Peixue Ling
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Freda Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Freda Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Fengshan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China.
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Chen Q, Jin C, Shao X, Guan R, Tian Z, Wang C, Liu F, Ling P, Guan JL, Ji L, Wang F, Chao H, Diao J. Super-Resolution Tracking of Mitochondrial Dynamics with An Iridium(III) Luminophore. Small 2018; 14:e1802166. [PMID: 30350549 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Combining luminescent transition metal complex with super-resolution microscopy is an excellent strategy for the long-term visualization of the dynamics of subcellular structures in living cells. However, it remains unclear whether iridium(III) complexes are applicable for a particular type of super-resolution technique, structured illumination microscopy (SIM), to image subcellular structures. Herein, an iridium(III) dye, to track mitochondrial dynamics in living cells under SIM is described. The dye demonstrates excellent specificity and photostability and satisfactory cell permeability. While using SIM to image mitochondria, an ≈80 nm resolution is achieved that allows the clear observation of the structure of mitochondrial cristae. The dye is used to monitor and quantify mitochondrial dynamics relative to lysosomes, including fusion involved in mitophagy, and newly discovered mitochondria-lysosome contact (MLC) under different conditions. The MLC remains intact and fusion vanishes when five receptors, p62, NDP52, OPTN, NBR1, and TAX1BP1, are knocked out, suggesting that these two processes are independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Chengzhi Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xintian Shao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Ruilin Guan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhiqi Tian
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Chenran Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Peixue Ling
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
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Mei L, Shen B, Xue J, Liu S, Ma A, Liu F, Shao H, Chen J, Chen Q, Liu F, Ying Y, Ling P. Adipose tissue–derived stem cells in combination with xanthan gum attenuate osteoarthritis progression in an experimental rat model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:285-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Chen Q, Shao X, Ling P, Liu F, Han G, Wang F. Recent advances in polysaccharides for osteoarthritis therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:926-935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Liu F, Zhang X, Li Y, Chen Q, Liu F, Zhu X, Mei L, Song X, Liu X, Song Z, Zhang J, Zhang W, Ling P, Wang F. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Mytilus coruscus α-d-Glucan (MP-A) in Activated Macrophage Cells via TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK Pathway Inhibition. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15090294. [PMID: 28930149 PMCID: PMC5618433 DOI: 10.3390/md15090294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hard-shelled mussel (Mytilus coruscus) has been used as Chinese traditional medicine for thousands of years; however, to date the ingredients responsible for the various beneficial health outcomes attributed to Mytilus coruscus are still unclear. An α-d-Glucan, called MP-A, was isolated from Mytilus coruscus, and observed to exert anti-inflammatory activity in THP-1 human macrophage cells. Specifically, we showed that MP-A treatment inhibited the production of inflammatory markers, including TNF-α, NO, and PGE2, inducible NOS (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), in LPS-activated THP-1 cells. It was also shown to enhance phagocytosis in the analyzed cells, but to severely inhibit the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB P65. Finally, MP-A was found to exhibit a high binding affinity for the cell surface receptor TLR4, but a low affinity for TLR2 and dectin-1, via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. The study indicates that MP-A suppresses LPS-induced TNF-α, NO and PEG2 production via TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK pathway inhibition, and suggests that MP-A may be a promising therapeutic candidate for diseases associated with TNF-α, NO, and/or PEG2 overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyan Liu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yuqiu Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Qixin Chen
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Xiqiang Zhu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Li Mei
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Xinlei Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Xia Liu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Zhigang Song
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Peixue Ling
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China. or
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. or
| | - Fengshan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Liu F, Zhang X, Ling P, Liao J, Zhao M, Mei L, Shao H, Jiang P, Song Z, Chen Q, Wang F. Immunomodulatory effects of xanthan gum in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 169:65-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Sun Y, Wang C, Chen Q, Liu H, Deng C, Ling P, Cui FZ. Effects of the bilayer nano-hydroxyapatite/mineralized collagen-guided bone regeneration membrane on site preservation in dogs. J Biomater Appl 2017; 32:242-256. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328217715150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical college, WuHu, Anhui, PR China
| | - Chengyue Wang
- School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical college, WuHu, Anhui, PR China
| | - Qixin Chen
- School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical college, WuHu, Anhui, PR China
| | - Hai Liu
- School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical college, WuHu, Anhui, PR China
| | - Chao Deng
- School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical college, WuHu, Anhui, PR China
| | - Peixue Ling
- School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical college, WuHu, Anhui, PR China
| | - Fu-Zhai Cui
- School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical college, WuHu, Anhui, PR China
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Abstract
The catabolic process of autophagy is an essential cellular function that allows for the breakdown and recycling of cellular macromolecules. In recent years, the impact of epigenetic regulation of autophagy by non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) has been recognized in human cancer. In colorectal cancer, Autophagy plays critical roles in cancer progression as well as resistance to chemotherapy, and recent evidence demonstrates that miRNAs are directly involved in mediating these functions. In this review, we will focus on the recent advancements in the field of miRNA regulation of autophagy in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Fesler
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - Ning Wu
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, 250101, P. R. China
| | - Peixue Ling
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, 250101, P. R. China
| | - Jingfang Ju
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, 250101, P. R. China
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Mei L, Shen B, Ling P, Liu S, Xue J, Liu F, Shao H, Chen J, Ma A, Liu X. Culture-expanded allogenic adipose tissue-derived stem cells attenuate cartilage degeneration in an experimental rat osteoarthritis model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176107. [PMID: 28419155 PMCID: PMC5395232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based cell therapy is a promising avenue for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of intra-articular injections of culture-expanded allogenic adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) induced rat OA model. The paracrine effects of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unmatched ADSCs on chondrocytes were investigated in vitro. Rats were divided into an OA group that underwent ACLT surgery and a sham-operated group that did not undergo ACLT surgery. Four weeks after surgery mild OA was induced in the OA group. Subsequently, the OA rats were randomly divided into ADSC and control groups. A single dose of 1 × 106 ADSCs suspended in 60 μL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was intra-articularly injected into the rats of the ADSC group. The control group received only 60 μL PBS. OA progression was evaluated macroscopically and histologically at 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. ADSC treatment did not cause any adverse local or systemic reactions. The degeneration of articular cartilage was significantly weaker in the ADSC group compared to that in the control group at both 8 and 12 weeks. Chondrocytes were co-cultured with MHC-unmatched ADSCs in trans-wells to assess the paracrine effects of ADSCs on chondrocytes. Co-culture with ADSCs counteracted the IL-1β-induced mRNA upregulation of the extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes MMP-3 and MMP-13 and the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in chondrocytes. Importantly, ADSCs increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in chondrocytes. The results of this study indicated that the intra-articular injection of culture-expanded allogenic ADSCs attenuated cartilage degeneration in an experimental rat OA model without inducing any adverse reactions. MHC-unmatched ADSCs protected chondrocytes from inflammatory factor-induced damage. The paracrine effects of ADSCs on OA chondrocytes are at least part of the mechanism by which ADSCs exert their therapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bojiang Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Orthopedic Research Institute, St George Hospital University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peixue Ling
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Shaoying Liu
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Xue
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuyan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huarong Shao
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianying Chen
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aibin Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Liu
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Tsering D, Chen C, Ye J, Han Z, Jing BQ, Liu XW, Chen X, Wang F, Ling P, Cao H. Enzymatic synthesis of human blood group P1 pentasaccharide antigen. Carbohydr Res 2016; 438:39-43. [PMID: 27960098 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic synthesis of biologically important and structurally unique human P1PK blood group type P1 pentasaccharide antigen is described. This synthesis features a three-step sequential one-pot multienzyme (OPME) glycosylation for the stepwise enzymatic chain elongation of readily available lactoside acceptor with cheap and commercially available galactose and N-acetylglucosamine as donor precursors. This enzymatic synthesis provides an operationally simple approach to access P1 pentasaccharide and its structurally related Gb3 and P1 trisaccharide epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawa Tsering
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Congcong Chen
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jinfeng Ye
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhipeng Han
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Bai-Qian Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Xian-Wei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Fengshan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Peixue Ling
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Hongzhi Cao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
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Xue J, Jin L, Zhang X, Wang F, Ling P, Sheng J. Impact of donor binding on polymerization catalyzed by KfoC by regulating the affinity of enzyme for acceptor. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:844-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Fan R, Ling P, Hao CY, Li FP, Huang LF, Wu BD, Wu HS. Construction of a cDNA library and preliminary analysis of expressed sequence tags in Piper hainanense. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:12733-45. [PMID: 26505424 DOI: 10.4238/2015.october.19.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Black pepper is a perennial climbing vine. It is widely cultivated because its berries can be utilized not only as a spice in food but also for medicinal use. This study aimed to construct a standardized, high-quality cDNA library to facilitated identification of new Piper hainanense transcripts. For this, 262 unigenes were used to generate raw reads. The average length of these 262 unigenes was 774.8 bp. Of these, 94 genes (35.9%) were newly identified, according to the NCBI protein database. Thus, identification of new genes may broaden the molecular knowledge of P. hainanense on the basis of Clusters of Orthologous Groups and Gene Ontology categories. In addition, certain basic genes linked to physiological processes, which can contribute to disease resistance and thereby to the breeding of black pepper. A total of 26 unigenes were found to be SSR markers. Dinucleotide SSR was the main repeat motif, accounting for 61.54%, followed by trinucleotide SSR (23.07%). Eight primer pairs successfully amplified DNA fragments and detected significant amounts of polymorphism among twenty-one piper germplasm. These results present a novel sequence information of P. hainanense, which can serve as the foundation for further genetic research on this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fan
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan, China
| | - P Ling
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, America
| | - C Y Hao
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan, China
| | - F P Li
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan, China
| | - L F Huang
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan, China
| | - B D Wu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan, China
| | - H S Wu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wanning, Hainan, China
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