1
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Liu Y, Zhou T, Xuan L, Lin Y, Li F, Wang H, Lyu J, Yan Q, Zhou H, Wang W, Chen FE. Visible-Light-Driven C,N-Selective Heteroarylation of N-Fluoroalkyl Hydroxylamine Reagents with Quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37991496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a direct and powerful strategy for the synthesis of highly valuable α-trifluoromethylamine and N-trifluoroethylamine derivatives from a visible-light-promoted C,N-selective heteroarylation of N-trifluoroethyl hydroxylamine reagents with quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones under ambient conditions. The chemoselectivity of the process (trifluoroalkylation or N-trifluoroethylamination) can easily be dictated and modulated by a selection of N-trifluoroethyl hydroxylamine substrates. The key to success is the protecting group on the N atom of hydroxylamine reagents, which can control the process of 1,2-H shift of the in situ-generated N-trifluoroethyl radical. Remarkable features of this method include mild conditions, easy operation, high selectivity, and excellent functional group tolerability. More importantly, the trifluoroalkylated products can be readily derivatized into other interesting imidazo-fused heterocycles that would be of great potential for the exploitation of pharmaceutically relevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Tongyao Zhou
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Liangming Xuan
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Lin
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Fuqi Li
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Jian Lyu
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Qiongjiao Yan
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health. College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University (CCNU), Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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2
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Monti L, Liu LJ, Varricchio C, Lucero B, Alle T, Yang W, Bem-Shalom I, Gilson M, Brunden KR, Brancale A, Caffrey CR, Ballatore C. Structure-Activity Relationships, Tolerability and Efficacy of Microtubule-Active 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as Potential Candidates to Treat Human African Trypanosomiasis. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300193. [PMID: 37429821 PMCID: PMC10615688 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Tubulin and microtubules (MTs) are potential protein targets to treat parasitic infections and our previous studies have shown that the triazolopyrimidine (TPD) class of MT-active compounds hold promise as antitrypanosomal agents. MT-targeting TPDs include structurally related but functionally diverse congeners that interact with mammalian tubulin at either one or two distinct interfacial binding sites; namely, the seventh and vinca sites, which are found within or between α,β-tubulin heterodimers, respectively. Evaluation of the activity of 123 TPD congeners against cultured Trypanosoma brucei enabled a robust quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model and the prioritization of two congeners for in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK), tolerability and efficacy studies. Treatment of T. brucei-infected mice with tolerable doses of TPDs significantly decreased blood parasitemia within 24 h. Further, two once-weekly doses at 10 mg/kg of a candidate TPD significantly extended the survival of infected mice relative to infected animals treated with vehicle. Further optimization of dosing and/or the dosing schedule of these CNS-active TPDs may provide alternative treatments for human African trypanosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Monti
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Present affiliation: Chemistry Department, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, London, UK
| | - Lawrence J Liu
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carmine Varricchio
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF103NB, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bobby Lucero
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thibault Alle
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wenqian Yang
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ido Bem-Shalom
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Gilson
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, 19104-6323, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea Brancale
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF103NB, Cardiff, UK
- Present affiliation: Vysoká škola chemicko-technologická v Praze, Department of Organic Chemistry, Technická 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Conor R Caffrey
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
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3
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Liu Y, Wang L, Ma D, Song Y. Recent Advances of N-2,2,2-Trifluoroethylisatin Ketimines in Organic Synthesis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072990. [PMID: 37049753 PMCID: PMC10096331 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The special properties of fluorine atoms and fluorine-containing groups have led to an increasing number of applications for fluorine-containing organic compounds, which are also extremely widely used in the field of new drug development. Unfortunately, naturally fluorinated organics are rare in nature, so the selective introduction of fluorine atoms or fluorine-containing groups into organic molecules is very important for pharmaceutical/synthetic chemists. N-2,2,2-trifluoroethylisatin ketimines have received the attention of many chemists since they were first developed as fluorine-containing synthons in 2015. This paper reviews the organic synthesis reactions in which trifluoroethyl isatin ketimine has been involved in recent years, focusing on the types of reactions and the stereoselectivity of products, and also provides a prospect of its application in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Lijie Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Donglai Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Formula Preparations, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Hebei Technological Innovation Center of Chiral Medicine, Hebei Chemical & Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang 050026, China
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yongxing Song
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Formula Preparations, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Hebei Technological Innovation Center of Chiral Medicine, Hebei Chemical & Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang 050026, China
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (Y.S.)
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4
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Monti L, Liu LJ, Varricchio C, Lucero B, Alle T, Yang W, Bem-Shalom I, Gilson M, Brunden KR, Brancale A, Caffrey CR, Ballatore C. Structure-Activity Relationships, Tolerability and Efficacy of Microtubule-Active 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5- a ]pyrimidines as Potential Candidates to Treat Human African Trypanosomiasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.11.532093. [PMID: 36945407 PMCID: PMC10028969 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.11.532093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Tubulin and microtubules (MTs) are potential protein targets to treat parasitic infections and our previous studies have shown that the triazolopyrimidine (TPD) class of MT- active compounds hold promise as antitrypanosomal agents. MT-targeting TPDs include structurally related but functionally diverse congeners that interact with mammalian tubulin at either one or two distinct interfacial binding sites; namely, the seventh and vinca sites, which are found within or between α,β-tubulin heterodimers, respectively. Evaluation of the activity of 123 TPD congeners against cultured Trypanosoma brucei enabled a robust quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model and the prioritization of two congeners for in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK), tolerability and efficacy studies. Treatment of T. brucei -infected mice with tolerable doses of TPDs 3 and 4 significantly decreased blood parasitemia within 24 h. Further, two once-weekly doses of 4 at 10 mg/kg significantly extended the survival of infected mice relative to infected animals treated with vehicle. Further optimization of dosing and/or the dosing schedule of these CNS-active TPDs may provide alternative treatments for human African trypanosomiasis.
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5
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Alle T, Varricchio C, Yao Y, Lucero B, Nzou G, Demuro S, Muench M, Vuong KD, Oukoloff K, Cornec AS, Francisco KR, Caffrey CR, Lee VMY, Smith AB, Brancale A, Brunden KR, Ballatore C. Microtubule-Stabilizing 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines as Candidate Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Disease: Matched Molecular Pair Analyses and Computational Studies Reveal New Structure-Activity Insights. J Med Chem 2023; 66:435-459. [PMID: 36534051 PMCID: PMC9841533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule (MT)-stabilizing 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines (TPDs) hold promise as candidate therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative conditions. However, depending on the choice of substituents around the TPD core, these compounds can elicit markedly different cellular phenotypes that likely arise from the interaction of TPD congeners with either one or two spatially distinct binding sites within tubulin heterodimers (i.e., the seventh site and the vinca site). In the present study, we report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a series of new TPD congeners, as well as matched molecular pair analyses and computational studies, that further elucidate the structure-activity relationships of MT-active TPDs. These studies led to the identification of novel MT-normalizing TPD candidates that exhibit favorable ADME-PK, including brain penetration and oral bioavailability, as well as brain pharmacodynamic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Alle
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Carmine Varricchio
- Cardiff
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF103NB, U.K.
| | - Yuemang Yao
- Center
for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Bobby Lucero
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Goodwell Nzou
- Center
for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Stefania Demuro
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Megan Muench
- Center
for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Khoa D. Vuong
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Killian Oukoloff
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Anne-Sophie Cornec
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Karol R. Francisco
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Conor R. Caffrey
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Virginia M.-Y. Lee
- Center
for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Andrea Brancale
- Cardiff
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF103NB, U.K.
| | - Kurt R. Brunden
- Center
for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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6
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Felicetti T, Pismataro MC, Cecchetti V, Tabarrini O, Massari S. Triazolopyrimidine Nuclei: Privileged Scaffolds for Developing Antiviral Agents with a Proper Pharmacokinetic Profile. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1379-1407. [PMID: 34042030 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210526120534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are a continuing threat to global health. The lack or limited therapeutic armamentarium against some viral infections and increasing drug resistance issues make the search for new antiviral agents urgent. In recent years, a growing literature highlighted the use of triazolopyrimidine (TZP) heterocycles in the development of antiviral agents, with numerous compounds that showed potent antiviral activities against different RNA and DNA viruses. TZP core represents a privileged scaffold for achieving biologically active molecules, thanks to: i) the synthetic feasibility that allows to variously functionalize TZPs in the different positions of the nucleus, ii) the ability of TZP core to establish multiple interactions with the molecular target, and iii) its favorable pharmacokinetic properties. In the present review, after mentioning selected examples of TZP-based compounds with varied biological activities, we will focus on those antivirals that appeared in the literature in the last 10 years. Approaches used for their identification, the hit-to-lead studies, and the emerged structure-activity relationship will be described. A mention of the synthetic methodologies to prepare TZP nuclei will also be given. In addition, their mechanism of action, the binding mode within the biological target, and pharmacokinetic properties will be analyzed, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of compounds based on the TZP scaffold, which is increasingly used in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Felicetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Serena Massari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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7
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Efficient synthesis of (5-oxo-6,7-dihydro-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)acetanilides based on the recyclization of N-arylitaconimides with 3-amino[1,2,4]triazoles. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Chen J, Zhu DY, Zhang XJ, Yan M. Highly Enantioselective Addition of N-2,2,2-Trifluoroethylisatin Ketimines to Ethylene Sulfonyl Fluoride. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3041-3048. [PMID: 33503367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective Michael addition between N-2,2,2-trifluoroethylisatin ketimines and ethylene sulfonyl fluoride has been disclosed. This method provides a facile strategy to access a range of structurally diverse isatin-derived α-(trifluoromethyl)imine derivatives with excellent yields and enantioselectivities. The intriguing combination of α-(trifluoromethyl)amine and sulfonyl fluoride groups leads to the valuable candidates for the drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dong-Yu Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xue-Jing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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9
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Oukoloff K, Nzou G, Varricchio C, Lucero B, Alle T, Kovalevich J, Monti L, Cornec AS, Yao Y, James MJ, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY, Smith AB, Brancale A, Brunden KR, Ballatore C. Evaluation of the Structure-Activity Relationship of Microtubule-Targeting 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines Identifies New Candidates for Neurodegenerative Tauopathies. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1073-1102. [PMID: 33411523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies in tau and Aβ plaque transgenic mouse models demonstrated that brain-penetrant microtubule (MT)-stabilizing compounds, including the 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines, hold promise as candidate treatments for Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative tauopathies. Triazolopyrimidines have already been investigated as anticancer agents; however, the antimitotic activity of these compounds does not always correlate with stabilization of MTs in cells. Indeed, previous studies from our laboratories identified a critical role for the fragment linked at C6 in determining whether triazolopyrimidines promote MT stabilization or, conversely, disrupt MT integrity in cells. To further elucidate the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and to identify potentially improved MT-stabilizing candidates for neurodegenerative disease, a comprehensive set of 68 triazolopyrimidine congeners bearing structural modifications at C6 and/or C7 was designed, synthesized, and evaluated. These studies expand upon prior understanding of triazolopyrimidine SAR and enabled the identification of novel analogues that, relative to the existing lead, exhibit improved physicochemical properties, MT-stabilizing activity, and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killian Oukoloff
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Goodwell Nzou
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Carmine Varricchio
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF103NB, U.K
| | - Bobby Lucero
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Thibault Alle
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jane Kovalevich
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ludovica Monti
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Anne-Sophie Cornec
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Yuemang Yao
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael J James
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Andrea Brancale
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF103NB, U.K
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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10
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Onyeagusi CI, Malcolmson SJ. Strategies for the Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Trifluoromethyl Amines. ACS Catal 2020; 10:12507-12536. [PMID: 34306806 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The exploitation of the α-trifluoromethylamino group as an amide surrogate in peptidomimetics and drug candidates has been on the rise. In a large number of these cases, this moiety bears stereochemistry with the stereochemical identity having important consequences on numerous molecular properties, such as the potency of the compound. Yet, the majority of stereoselective syntheses of α-CF3 amines rely on diastereoselective couplings with chiral reagents. Concurrent with the rapid expansion of fluorine into pharmaceuticals has been the development of catalytic enantioselective means of preparing α-trifluoromethyl amines. In this work, we outline the strategies that have been employed for accessing these enantioenriched amines, including normal polarity approaches and several recent developments in imine umpolung transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibueze I. Onyeagusi
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Steven J. Malcolmson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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11
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Miller JH, Das V. Potential for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases with Natural Products or Synthetic Compounds that Stabilize Microtubules. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4362-4372. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200621171302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
No effective therapeutics to treat neurodegenerative diseases exist, despite significant attempts to find
drugs that can reduce or rescue the debilitating symptoms of tauopathies such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s
disease, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Pick’s disease. A number of in vitro and in
vivo models exist for studying neurodegenerative diseases, including cell models employing induced-pluripotent
stem cells, cerebral organoids, and animal models of disease. Recent research has focused on microtubulestabilizing
agents, either natural products or synthetic compounds that can prevent the axonal destruction caused
by tau protein pathologies. Although promising results have come from animal model studies using brainpenetrant
natural product microtubule-stabilizing agents, such as paclitaxel analogs that can access the brain,
epothilones B and D, and other synthetic compounds such as davunetide or the triazolopyrimidines, early clinical
trials in humans have been disappointing. This review aims to summarize the research that has been carried out in
this area and discuss the potential for the future development of an effective microtubule stabilizing drug to treat
neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H. Miller
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Viswanath Das
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hněvotínska 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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12
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Mohamed HS, Abdel-Latif MK, Ahmed S. Synthesis, Characterization, and DFT Calculations of Quinoline and Quinazoline Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428020090250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Pinheiro S, Pinheiro EMC, Muri EMF, Pessôa JC, Cadorini MA, Greco SJ. Biological activities of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and analogs. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Bayazeed AA, Alnoman RB. Synthesis of Polyheterocyclic Ring Systems Included Triazolo[1,5- a]Pyrimidine as Antioxidant Agents. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1750042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abrar A. Bayazeed
- Chemistry Department, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rua B. Alnoman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu Branch, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Synthesis, structure and biological evaluation of ruthenium(III) complexes of triazolopyrimidines with anticancer properties. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 25:109-124. [PMID: 31741123 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Six novel ruthenium(III) complexes of general formula [RuCl3(L)3] (1,3,5) and [RuCl3(H2O)(L)2] (2,4,6), where L stands for three different triazolopyrimidine-derived ligands, are reported. The compounds have been structurally characterized (IR, EPR, SCXRD), and their magnetic moments have been determined. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction study revealed a slightly distorted octahedral geometry of the Ru(III) complexes with mer configuration in 1 and 5, and fac configuration in 3. In 2 and 4, three chloride ions are in mer configuration and the two triazolopyrimidines are oriented trans mutually with the water molecule playing the role of the sixth ligand. All complexes have been thoroughly screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, human cervical cancer cell line HeLa, and L929 murine fibroblast cells, uncovering among others that the most lipophilic complexes 5 and 6, containing the bulky ligand dptp (5,7-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine), display high cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, and HeLa cells. Moreover, it was also revealed that during the interaction of the complexes 1-6 with the cancer MCF-7 cell line, reactive oxygen species are released intracellularly, which could indicate that they are involved in cell apoptosis. Furthermore, extensive studies have been carried out to reveal the mechanism by which complexes 1-6 interact with DNA, albumin, and apotransferrin. The biological studies were complemented by detailed kinetic studies of the hydrolysis of the complexes in the pH range 5-8, to determine the stability of the complexes in solution. Six novel ruthenium(III) complexes with triazolopyrimidine derivatives demonstrated the potential for use as anticancer agents by maintaining the toxic effect on MCF-7 and HeLa cells.
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16
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Shi LM, Sun XS, Shen C, Wang ZF, Tao HY, Wang CJ. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Trifluoromethyl Homoallylic Amines via Umpolung Allylation/2-Aza-Cope Rearrangement: Stereoselectivity and Mechanistic Insight. Org Lett 2019; 21:4842-4848. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xi-Shang Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zuo-Fei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hai-Yan Tao
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chun-Jiang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Zhang B, Yao Y, Cornec AS, Oukoloff K, James MJ, Koivula P, Trojanowski JQ, Smith AB, Lee VMY, Ballatore C, Brunden KR. A brain-penetrant triazolopyrimidine enhances microtubule-stability, reduces axonal dysfunction and decreases tau pathology in a mouse tauopathy model. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:59. [PMID: 30404654 PMCID: PMC6223064 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized by the presence of insoluble inclusions of the protein tau within brain neurons and often glia. Tau is normally found associated with axonal microtubules (MTs) in the brain, and in tauopathies this MT binding is diminished due to tau hyperphosphorylation. As MTs play a critical role in the movement of cellular constituents within neurons via axonal transport, it is likely that the dissociation of tau from MTs alters MT structure and axonal transport, and there is evidence of this in tauopathy mouse models as well as in AD brain. We previously demonstrated that different natural products which stabilize MTs by interacting with β-tubulin at the taxane binding site provide significant benefit in transgenic mouse models of tauopathy. More recently, we have reported on a series of MT-stabilizing triazolopyrimidines (TPDs), which interact with β-tubulin at the vinblastine binding site, that exhibit favorable properties including brain penetration and oral bioavailability. Here, we have examined a prototype TPD example, CNDR-51657, in a secondary prevention study utilizing aged tau transgenic mice. METHODS 9-Month old female PS19 mice with a low amount of existing tau pathology received twice-weekly administration of vehicle, or 3 or 10 mg/kg of CNDR-51657, for 3 months. Mice were examined in the Barnes maze at the end of the dosing period, and brain tissue and optic nerves were examined immunohistochemically or biochemically for changes in MT density, axonal dystrophy, and tau pathology. Mice were also assessed for changes in organ weights and blood cell numbers. RESULTS CNDR-51657 caused a significant amelioration of the MT deficit and axonal dystrophy observed in vehicle-treated aged PS19 mice. Moreover, PS19 mice receiving CNDR-51657 had significantly lower tau pathology, with a trend toward improved Barnes maze performance. Importantly, no adverse effects were observed in the compound-treated mice, including no change in white blood cell counts as is often observed in cancer patients receiving high doses of MT-stabilizing drugs. CONCLUSIONS A brain-penetrant MT-stabilizing TPD can safely correct MT and axonal deficits in an established mouse model of tauopathy, resulting in reduced tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yuemang Yao
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anne-Sophie Cornec
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Killian Oukoloff
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Michael J James
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Pyry Koivula
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Varidaki A, Hong Y, Coffey ET. Repositioning Microtubule Stabilizing Drugs for Brain Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:226. [PMID: 30135644 PMCID: PMC6092511 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule stabilizing agents are among the most clinically useful chemotherapeutic drugs. Mostly, they act to stabilize microtubules and inhibit cell division. While not without side effects, new generations of these compounds display improved pharmacokinetic properties and brain penetrance. Neurological disorders are intrinsically associated with microtubule defects, and efforts to reposition microtubule-targeting chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of neurodegenerative and psychiatric illnesses are underway. Here we catalog microtubule regulators that are associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, schizophrenia and mood disorders. We outline the classes of microtubule stabilizing agents used for cancer treatment, their brain penetrance properties and neuropathy side effects, and describe efforts to apply these agents for treatment of brain disorders. Finally, we summarize the current state of clinical trials for microtubule stabilizing agents under evaluation for central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemis Varidaki
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Biocity, Tykistokatu, Turku, Finland
| | - Ye Hong
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Biocity, Tykistokatu, Turku, Finland
| | - Eleanor T Coffey
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Biocity, Tykistokatu, Turku, Finland
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Oukoloff K, Kovalevich J, Cornec AS, Yao Y, Owyang ZA, James M, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY, Smith AB, Brunden KR, Ballatore C. Design, synthesis and evaluation of photoactivatable derivatives of microtubule (MT)-active [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2180-2183. [PMID: 29764743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines comprise a promising class of non-naturally occurring microtubule (MT)-active compounds. Prior studies revealed that different triazolopyrimidine substitutions can yield molecules that either promote MT stabilization or disrupt MT integrity. These differences can have important ramifications in the therapeutic applications of triazolopyrimidines and suggest that different analogues may exhibit different binding modes within the same site or possibly interact with tubulin/MTs at alternative binding sites. To help discern these possibilities, a series of photoactivatable triazolopyrimidine congeners was designed, synthesized and evaluated in cellular assays with the goal of identifying candidate probes for photoaffinity labeling experiments. These studies led to the identification of different derivatives that incorporate a diazirine ring in the amine substituent at position 7 of the triazolopyrimidine heterocycle, resulting in molecules that either promote stabilization of MTs or disrupt MT integrity. These photoactivatable candidate probes hold promise to investigate the mode of action of MT-active triazolopyrimidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killian Oukoloff
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Jane Kovalevich
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Anne-Sophie Cornec
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Yuemang Yao
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Zachary A Owyang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Michael James
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States.
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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20
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Pd-catalyzed Suzuki/Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction and the direct sp3 arylation of 7-chloro-5-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Fandzloch M, Arriaga JMM, Sánchez-Moreno M, Wojtczak A, Jezierska J, Sitkowski J, Wiśniewska J, Salas JM, Łakomska I. Strategies for overcoming tropical disease by ruthenium complexes with purine analog: Application against Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 176:144-155. [PMID: 28910663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tropical diseases currently constitute a major health problem and thus a challenge in the field of drug discovery. The current treatments show serious disadvantages due to cost, toxicity, long therapy duration and resistance, and the use of metal complexes as chemotherapeutic agents against these ailments appears to be a very attractive alternative. Herein, we describe three newly synthesized ruthenium complexes with a bioactive molecule, the purine analogue 5,6,7-trimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (tmtp): cis,fac-[RuCl2(dmso)3(tmtp)] (1), mer-[RuCl3(dmso)(H2O)(tmtp)]·2H2O (2) and fac,cis-[RuCl3(H2O)(tmtp)2] (3). Their structures were characterized using X-ray and spectroscopic methods (IR, NMR or EPR). The stability of the synthesized complexes 1-3 in various buffered solutions (pH=3-7.4) was monitored using conventional and stopped-flow techniques. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of all ruthenium complexes against promastigote forms of Leishmania spp. (L. infantum, L. braziliensis, and L. donovani) and epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi was investigated. Notably, the results showed that the activity of 1 against L. brasiliensis was more than three-fold higher than that of glucantime, and 1 showed no appreciable toxicity towards J774.2 macrophages. Additionally, 2 displayed even 141-fold lower toxicity against host cells than glucantime, demonstrating significantly higher selectivity than the reference drug. Therefore, 1 and 2 appear to be excellent candidates for further development as potential drugs for the effective treatment of leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. All novel complexes were also shown to be potent inhibitors of Fe-SOD in the studied species, while their effects on human CuZn-SOD were very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Fandzloch
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | | | - Manuel Sánchez-Moreno
- Department of Parasitology, University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Andrzej Wojtczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Julia Jezierska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sitkowski
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warszawa, Poland; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Joanna Wiśniewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Juan Manuel Salas
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Iwona Łakomska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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22
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Pyatakov DA, Astakhov AV, Sokolov AN, Fakhrutdinov AN, Fitch AN, Rybakov VB, Chernyshev VV, Chernyshev VM. Alkoxy base-mediated selective synthesis and new rearrangements of 1,2,4-triazolodipyrimidinones. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Massari S, Desantis J, Nannetti G, Sabatini S, Tortorella S, Goracci L, Cecchetti V, Loregian A, Tabarrini O. Efficient and regioselective one-step synthesis of 7-aryl-5-methyl- and 5-aryl-7-methyl-2-amino-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:7944-7955. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02085f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Two facile and efficient one-step procedures for the regioselective synthesis of 7-aryl-5-methyl- and 5-aryl-7-methyl-2-amino-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Massari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
| | - Jenny Desantis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
| | - Giulio Nannetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine
- University of Padua
- 35121 Padua
- Italy
| | - Stefano Sabatini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
| | - Sara Tortorella
- Department of Chemistry
- Biology and Biotechnology
- University of Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
| | - Laura Goracci
- Department of Chemistry
- Biology and Biotechnology
- University of Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
| | - Arianna Loregian
- Department of Molecular Medicine
- University of Padua
- 35121 Padua
- Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
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24
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Application of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5 -a ]pyrimidines for the design of coordination compounds with interesting structures and new biological properties. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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25
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Kovalevich J, Cornec AS, Yao Y, James M, Crowe A, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Smith AB, Ballatore C, Brunden KR. Characterization of Brain-Penetrant Pyrimidine-Containing Molecules with Differential Microtubule-Stabilizing Activities Developed as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Tauopathies. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 357:432-50. [PMID: 26980057 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.231175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule (MT)-stabilizing protein tau disengages from MTs and forms intracellular inclusions known as neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. Reduced tau binding to MTs in tauopathies may contribute to neuronal dysfunction through decreased MT stabilization and disrupted axonal transport. Thus, the introduction of brain-penetrant MT-stabilizing compounds might normalize MT dynamics and axonal deficits in these disorders. We previously described a number of phenylpyrimidines and triazolopyrimidines (TPDs) that induce tubulin post-translational modifications indicative of MT stabilization. We now further characterize the biologic properties of these small molecules, and our results reveal that these compounds can be divided into two general classes based on the cellular response they evoke. One group composed of the phenylpyrimidines and several TPD examples showed a bell-shaped concentration-response effect on markers of MT stabilization in cellular assays. Moreover, these compounds induced proteasome-dependent degradation of α- and β-tubulin and caused altered MT morphology in both dividing cells and neuron cultures. In contrast, a second group comprising a subset of TPD molecules (TPD+) increased markers of stable MTs in a concentration-dependent manner in dividing cells and in neurons without affecting total tubulin levels or disrupting MT architecture. Moreover, an example TPD+ compound was shown to increase MTs in a neuron culture model with induced tau hyperphosphorylation and associated MT deficits. Several TPD+ compounds were shown to be both brain penetrant and orally bioavailable, and a TPD+ example increased MT stabilization in the mouse brain, making these compounds potential candidate therapeutics for neurodegenerative tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Kovalevich
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.K., A.-S.C., Y.Y., M.J., V.M.-Y.L., J.Q.T., C.B., K.R.B.); and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.-S.C., A.B.S., C.B.)
| | - Anne-Sophie Cornec
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.K., A.-S.C., Y.Y., M.J., V.M.-Y.L., J.Q.T., C.B., K.R.B.); and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.-S.C., A.B.S., C.B.)
| | - Yuemang Yao
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.K., A.-S.C., Y.Y., M.J., V.M.-Y.L., J.Q.T., C.B., K.R.B.); and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.-S.C., A.B.S., C.B.)
| | - Michael James
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.K., A.-S.C., Y.Y., M.J., V.M.-Y.L., J.Q.T., C.B., K.R.B.); and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.-S.C., A.B.S., C.B.)
| | - Alexander Crowe
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.K., A.-S.C., Y.Y., M.J., V.M.-Y.L., J.Q.T., C.B., K.R.B.); and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.-S.C., A.B.S., C.B.)
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.K., A.-S.C., Y.Y., M.J., V.M.-Y.L., J.Q.T., C.B., K.R.B.); and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.-S.C., A.B.S., C.B.)
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.K., A.-S.C., Y.Y., M.J., V.M.-Y.L., J.Q.T., C.B., K.R.B.); and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.-S.C., A.B.S., C.B.)
| | - Amos B Smith
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.K., A.-S.C., Y.Y., M.J., V.M.-Y.L., J.Q.T., C.B., K.R.B.); and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.-S.C., A.B.S., C.B.)
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.K., A.-S.C., Y.Y., M.J., V.M.-Y.L., J.Q.T., C.B., K.R.B.); and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.-S.C., A.B.S., C.B.)
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.K., A.-S.C., Y.Y., M.J., V.M.-Y.L., J.Q.T., C.B., K.R.B.); and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.-S.C., A.B.S., C.B.)
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26
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Ballatore C, Smith AB, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Brunden KR. Microtubule-Stabilizing Agents for Alzheimer’s and Other Tauopathies. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2016_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Pyatakov DA, Sokolov AN, Astakhov AV, Chernenko AY, Fakhrutdinov AN, Rybakov VB, Chernyshev VV, Chernyshev VM. Diversity Oriented Synthesis of Polycyclic Heterocycles through the Condensation of 2-Amino[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines with 1,3-Diketones. J Org Chem 2015; 80:10694-709. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Pyatakov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey N. Sokolov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V. Astakhov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Yu. Chernenko
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation
| | - Artem N. Fakhrutdinov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Victor B. Rybakov
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir V. Chernyshev
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Leninsky prospect 31, Moscow 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Victor M. Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation
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