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Ganesh BH, Raj AG, Aruchamy B, Nanjan P, Drago C, Ramani P. Pyrrole: A Decisive Scaffold for the Development of Therapeutic Agents and Structure-Activity Relationship. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300447. [PMID: 37926686 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
An overview of pyrroles as distinct scaffolds with therapeutic potential and the significance of pyrrole derivatives for drug development are provided in this article. It lists instances of naturally occurring pyrrole-containing compounds and describes the sources of pyrroles in nature, including plants and microbes. It also explains the many conventional and modern synthetic methods used to produce pyrroles. The key topics are the biological characteristics, pharmacological behavior, and functional alterations displayed by pyrrole derivatives. It also details how pyrroles are used to treat infectious diseases. It describes infectious disorders resistant to standard treatments and discusses the function of compounds containing pyrroles in combating infectious diseases. Furthermore, the review covers the uses of pyrrole derivatives in treating non-infectious diseases and resistance mechanisms in non-infectious illnesses like cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The important discoveries and probable avenues for pyrrole research are finally summarized, along with their significance for medicinal chemists and drug development. A reference from the last two decades is included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Hassan Ganesh
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE-AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
| | - Anirudh G Raj
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
| | - Baladhandapani Aruchamy
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE-AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
| | - Pandurangan Nanjan
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
- Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
| | - Carmelo Drago
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry CNR, via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Prasanna Ramani
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE-AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
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2
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Mangalagiu V, Danac R, Diaconu D, Zbancioc G, Mangalagiu II. Hybrids Diazine: Recent Advancements in Modern Antimicrobial Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2687-2705. [PMID: 37073649 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230418104409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, antimicrobial therapies have become a very challenging issue because of a large diversity of reasons such as antimicrobial resistance, over consumption and misuse of antimicrobial agents, etc. A modern, actual and very useful approach in antimicrobial therapy is represented by the use of hybrid drugs, especially combined five and six-membered ring azaheterocycles. In this review, we present an overview of the recent advanced data from the last five years in the field of hybrid diazine compounds with antimicrobial activity. In this respect, we highlight here essential data concerning the synthesis and antimicrobial activity of the main classes of diazine hybrids: pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, and their fused derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Mangalagiu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research - CERNESIM Center, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol 11, Iasi, 700506, Romania
| | - Ramona Danac
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol 11, Iasi, 700506, Romania
| | - Dumitrela Diaconu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research - CERNESIM Center, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol 11, Iasi, 700506, Romania
| | - Gheorghita Zbancioc
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol 11, Iasi, 700506, Romania
| | - Ionel I Mangalagiu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol 11, Iasi, 700506, Romania
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research - CERNESIM Center, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol 11, Iasi, 700506, Romania
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3
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Finger V, Kufa M, Soukup O, Castagnolo D, Roh J, Korabecny J. Pyrimidine derivatives with antitubercular activity. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114946. [PMID: 36459759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules with antitubercular activity containing the pyrimidine motif in their structure have gained more attention after three drugs, namely GSK 2556286 (GSK-286), TBA-7371 and SPR720, have entered clinical trials. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the hit-to-lead drug discovery studies of antitubercular pyrimidine-containing compounds with the aim to highlight their structural diversity. In the first part, the review discusses the pyrimidine compounds according to their targets, pinpointing the structure-activity relationships of each pyrimidine family. The second part of this review is concentrated on antitubercular pyrimidine derivatives with a yet unexplored or speculative target, dividing the compounds according to their structural types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Finger
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec, Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kufa
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec, Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec, Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec, Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Şuekinci Yılmaz A, Uluçam G. Novel N-benzyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydrofuro [3,4-d]pyrimidine-3(4H)-carboxamide as anticancer agent: Synthesis, drug-likeness, ADMET profile, DFT and molecular modelling against EGFR target. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12948. [PMID: 36711281 PMCID: PMC9876965 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel compound N-benzyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydrofuro [3,4-d]pyrimidine-3(4H)-carboxamide (DHFP) was synthesized by addition, rearrangement, and intramolecular cyclization reactions. The three-dimensional geometry of DHFP has been determined by density functional theory calculations in the gas phase. Thus, the geometrical properties of DHFP such as the bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral bond angles have been determined in the optimized molecular configuration. Also, the HOMO-LUMO energies were calculated. The charge distribution of the DHFP has been calculated by Natural Population Analysis (NPA) approach. NMR and FTIR spectra were calculated and compared with their experimental corresponding to confirm the synthesis of the DHFP. The anticancer activities of the DHFP were also determined on human colon cancer (HT29) and prostate cancer (DU145) cell lines. Molecular docking studies of the DHFP with EGFR tyrosine kinase, which is responsible for cancer cell proliferation and growth, were performed and it was observed that docking interaction took place. The DHFP has the potential to be a drug, as it is determined that DHFP obeys Lipinski's five rules, can cross the blood-brain barrier, and can be rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşen Şuekinci Yılmaz
- Corresponding author. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne, Turkey.
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Sharma S, Mittal N, Banik BK. Chemistry and Therapeutic Aspect of Triazole: Insight into the Structure-activity Relationship. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2702-2720. [PMID: 37916492 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128271288231023045049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The triazole ring is a highly significant heterocycle that occurs naturally in many commodities and is a common feature in pharmaceuticals. Recently, heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives have been getting a lot of attention in medicinal chemistry because they have a lot of pharmacological and biological potential. For example, a lot of drugs have nitrogen-containing heterocyclic moieties. The triazole ring is often used as a bio-isostere of the oxadiazole nucleus. The oxygen atom in the oxadiazole nucleus is replaced by nitrogen in the triazole analogue. This article explores the pharmacological properties of the triazole moiety, including but not limited to antibacterial, analgesic, anticonvulsant, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, antimalarial, antioxidant, antiviral, and other properties. Additionally, we discuss the diverse multi- target pharmacological activities exhibited by triazole-based compounds. Based on a literature review, it is evident that triazole-based chemicals hold significant potential for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Lords University, Alwar 301028, India
| | - Nitin Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Lords University, Alwar 301028, India
| | - Bimal Krishna Banik
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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6
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Yadav A, Kaushik CP. Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of sulfonamide bridged disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2141126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Archna Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - C. P. Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
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7
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Bonde C, Gawad J, Bonde S. Insights into development of Decaprenyl-phosphoryl-β-D-ribose 2'-epimerase (DprE1) inhibitors as antitubercular agents: A state of the art review. Indian J Tuberc 2022; 69:404-420. [PMID: 36460369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a causative agent for the world threatening infectious disease known as tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis is also referred as Koch's bacillus as it was first defined by Robert Koch in 1821. In the entire history of M. tuberculosis infection, several different targets were identified and explored with a hope of effective therapeutic treatment against tuberculosis. Drug-resistant tuberculosis is the major obstacle for researchers and letting them fail continuously to discover new drug candidates. Among the numerous antitubercular targets, Decaprenyl-phosphoryl-β-D-ribose-2'-epimerase (DprE1) is novel target identified in the year 2009. The present article portrays insights of DprE1 enzyme in all the aspects i.e., identification, structural elucidation to designing strategies and synthesis of potential drug candidates to combat resistant strains. Along with the synthesis and biological activity of novel compounds, structure-activity relationship (SAR) data is given to help medicinal chemists and researchers working in this area for the development of new inhibitors to fight against M. tuberculosis. DprE1 is new ray of hope for antitubercular treatment. No single drug candidate (DprE1 inhibitor) has passed clinical trial yet and hence it nullifies the risk of development of resistance or mutations at specific residues. Researchers working in this area have to design and come up with new potent candidates with less dose, no toxicity to combat this deadly infection. This review emphasized on year wise systematic development and progress of DprE1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakant Bonde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's NMIMS School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur Campus, MS, 425 405, India
| | - Jineetkumar Gawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's NMIMS School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur Campus, MS, 425 405, India.
| | - Smita Bonde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's NMIMS School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur Campus, MS, 425 405, India
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8
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Identification of hydantoin based Decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-Ribose Oxidase (DprE1) inhibitors as antimycobacterial agents using computational tools. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16368. [PMID: 36180452 PMCID: PMC9525719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20325-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the emerging infectious diseases in the world. DprE1 (Decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-ribose 2'-epimerase), an enzyme accountable for mycobacterial cell wall synthesis was the first drug gable target based on discoveries of inhibitors via HTS (high throughput screening). Since then, many literature reports have been published so far enlightening varieties of chemical scaffolds acting as inhibitors of DprE1. Herein, in our present study, we have developed statistically robust GA-MLR (genetic algorithm multiple linear regression), atom-based as well as field based-3D-QSAR models. Both atom-based as well as field based-3D-QSAR models (internally as well as externally validated) were obtained with robust Training set, R2 > 0.69 and Test set, Q2 > 0.50. We have also developed top ranked 5 point hypothesis AAAHR_1 among 14 CPHs (common pharmacophore hypotheses). We found that our dataset molecule had more docking score (XP mode = - 9.068 kcal/mol) than the standards isoniazid and ethambutol; when docked into binding pockets of enzyme 4P8C with Glide module. We further queried our best docked dataset molecule 151 for ligand based virtual screening using "SwissSimilarity" platform. Among 9 identified hits, we found ZINC12196803 had best binding energies and docking score (docking score = - 9.437 kcal/mol, MMGBSA dgBind = - 70.508 kcal/mol). Finally, our molecular dynamics studies for 1.2-100 ns depicts that these complexes are stable. We have also carried out in-silico ADMET predictions, Cardiac toxicity, 'SwissTargetPredictions' and Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA) binding energy calculations for further explorations of dataset as well as hit molecules. Our current studies showed that the hit molecule ZINC12196803 may enlighten the path for future developments of DprE1 inhibitors.
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9
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Novel series of 1,2,3-triazolyl-acetamide scaffolds: Synthesis, biological activity and computational molecular modeling. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Ullah I, Ilyas M, Omer M, Alamzeb M, Adnan, Sohail M. Fluorinated triazoles as privileged potential candidates in drug development—focusing on their biological and pharmaceutical properties. Front Chem 2022; 10:926723. [PMID: 36017163 PMCID: PMC9395585 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.926723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorinated heterocycles have attracted extensive attention not only in organic synthesis but also in pharmaceutical and medicinal sciences due to their enhanced biological activities than their non-fluorinated counterparts. Triazole is a simple five-membered heterocycle with three nitrogen atoms found in both natural and synthetic molecules that impart a broad spectrum of biological properties including but not limited to anticancer, antiproliferative, inhibitory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antiallergic, and antioxidant properties. In addition, incorporation of fluorine into triazole and its derivatives has been reported to enhance their pharmacological activity, making them promising drug candidates. This mini-review explores the current developments of backbone-fluorinated triazoles and functionalized fluorinated triazoles with established biological activities and pharmacological properties.
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Bakchi B, Krishna AD, Sreecharan E, Ganesh VBJ, Niharika M, Maharshi S, Puttagunta SB, Sigalapalli DK, Bhandare RR, Shaik AB. An overview on applications of SwissADME web tool in the design and development of anticancer, antitubercular and antimicrobial agents: A medicinal chemist's perspective. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Gandham SK, Kudale AA, Rao Allaka T, Jha A. Design and Synthesis of Benzoxepine–Based 1,2,3‐Triazoles: Molecular Docking and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siva Kumar Gandham
- Department of Chemistry GITAM Institute of Science GITAM (Deemed to be University) Gandhi Nagar, Rushikonda Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh 530045 India
| | | | - Tejeswara Rao Allaka
- Institute of Science and Technology Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad Hyderabad Telangana 500085 India
| | - Anjali Jha
- Department of Chemistry GITAM Institute of Science GITAM (Deemed to be University) Gandhi Nagar, Rushikonda Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh 530045 India
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Kaur H, Singh R, Rishikant. Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Antitubercular Evaluation of Triazole–Chalcone Conjugates. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s107042802204008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Exploration of 4-aminopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine as antitubercular agents. Mol Divers 2022; 27:753-765. [PMID: 35598185 PMCID: PMC9124159 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Developing new anti-TB compounds using cost-effective processes is critical to reduce TB incidence and accomplish the End TB Strategy milestone. Herein, we describe the synthesis and structure–activity relationships of a library of thirty 7H-Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives providing insights into the contributions of different aromatic, aryl and alkyl substitution at the C-4 position of the 7-deazapurine ring. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the compounds against the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was assayed using the standard broth microdilution method, and cell toxicity was determined using the MTT assay. Sixteen compounds displayed in vitro activity against the GFP reporter strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with MIC90 values of 0.488–62.5 µM. This study highlights the most potent derivative, N-(4-phenoxy phenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine with a MIC90 value of 0.488 µM and was non-cytotoxic to the Vero cell line. Moreover, all the potent compounds from this series have a ClogP value less than 4 and molecular weight < 400; thus, likely to maintain drug-likeness during lead optimisation.
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15
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Emerging impact of triazoles as anti-tubercular agent. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114454. [PMID: 35597009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, a disease of poverty is a communicable infection with a reasonably high mortality rate worldwide. 10 Million new cases of TB were reported with approx 1.4 million deaths in the year 2019. Due to the growing number of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis cases, there is a vital need to develop new and effective candidates useful to combat this deadly disease. Despite tremendous efforts to identify a mechanism-based novel antitubercular agent, only a few have entered into clinical trials in the last six decades. In recent years, triazoles have been well explored as the most valuable scaffolds in drug discovery and development. Triazole framework possesses favorable properties like hydrogen bonding, moderate dipole moment, enhanced water solubility, and also the ability to bind effectively with biomolecular targets of M. tuberculosis and therefore this scaffold displayed excellent potency against TB. This review is an endeavor to summarize an up-to-date innovation of triazole-appended hybrids during the last 10 years having potential in vitro and in vivo antitubercular activity with structure activity relationship analysis. This review may help medicinal chemists to explore the triazole scaffolds for the rational design of potent drug candidates having better efficacy, improved selectivity and minimal toxicity so that these hybrid NCEs can effectively be explored as potential lead to fight against M. tuberculosis.
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16
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Moghadam ES, Mireskandari K, Abdel-Jalil R, Amini M. An approach to pharmacological targets of pyrrole family from a medicinal chemistry viewpoint. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2486-2561. [PMID: 35339175 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220325150531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrole is one of the most widely used heterocycles in the pharmaceutical industry. Due to the importance of pyrrole structure in drug design and development, herein, we tried to conduct an extensive review of the bioactive pyrrole based compounds reported recently. The bioactivity of pyrrole derivatives varies, so in the review, we categorized them based on their direct pharmacologic targets. Therefore, readers are able to find the variety of biologic targets for pyrrole containing compounds easily. This review explains around seventy different biologic targets for pyrrole based derivatives, so, it is helpful for medicinal chemists in design and development novel bioactive compounds for different diseases. This review presents an extensive meaningful structure activity relationship for each reported structure as much as possible. The review focuses on papers published between 2018 and 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Saeedian Moghadam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran14176, Iran.
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, P.O. Box 36, P.C. 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Katayoon Mireskandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Raid Abdel-Jalil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, P.O. Box 36, P.C. 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran14176, Iran.
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Jeelan Basha N, Basavarajaiah SM, Shyamsunder K. Therapeutic potential of pyrrole and pyrrolidine analogs: an update. Mol Divers 2022; 26:2915-2937. [PMID: 35079946 PMCID: PMC8788913 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Jeelan Basha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560043, India.
| | - S M Basavarajaiah
- P.G. Department of Chemistry, Vijaya College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560004, India
| | - K Shyamsunder
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560043, India
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18
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Vatankhah E, Akbarzadeh M, Jabbari A, Saadat K, Shiri A. Synthesis and Characterization of Various Novel Derivatives of Dipyrimido[4,5-b:4',5'-e][1,4]thiazepine and Their Theoretical Evaluation as 15-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.2014536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Effat Vatankhah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Akbarzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atena Jabbari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kayvan Saadat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Shiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Recent advancements and developments in search of anti-tuberculosis agents: A quinquennial update and future directions. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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N JB, Goudgaon N. A comprehensive review on pyrimidine analogs-versatile scaffold with medicinal and biological potential. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Kumar S, Khokra SL, Yadav A. Triazole analogues as potential pharmacological agents: a brief review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021; 7:106. [PMID: 34056014 PMCID: PMC8148872 DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00241-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A large number of studies have recently reported that, because of their significant biological and pharmacological properties, heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives have attracted a strong interest in medicinal chemistry. The triazole nucleus is one of the most important heterocycles which has a feature of natural products as well as medicinal agents. Heterocyclic nitrogen is abundantly present in most medicinal compounds. The derivatization of triazole ring is based on the phenomenon of bio-isosteres in which substituted the oxygen atom of oxadiazole nucleus with nitrogen triazole analogue. Main text This review focuses on recent synthetic procedure of triazole moiety, which comprises of various pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antitubercular, anthelmintic, antioxidant, antimalarial, antiviral, etc.. Conclusion This review highlights the current status of triazole compounds as different multi-target pharmacological activities. From the literature survey, triazole is the most widely used compound in different potential activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
| | - Sukhbir Lal Khokra
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
| | - Akash Yadav
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
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22
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Ghorbani SS, Montazeri N, Zeydi MM, Ghane M. Synthesis of Novel Tris-1,2,4-triazole Derivatives and Their Antibacterial Activity. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021040151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Nandikolla A, Srinivasarao S, Khetmalis YM, Kumar BK, Murugesan S, Shetye G, Ma R, Franzblau SG, Sekhar KVGC. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1,2,3-triazole analogues of Imidazo-[1,2-a]-pyridine-3-carboxamide against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 74:105137. [PMID: 33684466 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-eight novel 1,2,3-triazole analogues of imidazo-[1,2-a]-pyridine-3-carboxamide were designed and synthesized based on hybridization approach. The structure of the final compounds are characterized using 1HNMR, 13CNMR, LCMS and elemental analyses and are screened in vitro for anti-tubercular activity using low-oxygen recovery assay (LORA) non-replicating and using microplate alamar blue assay (MABA) against replicating M. tuberculosis. MIC was determined. From the obtained results, it was observed that, among (2,7-dimethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)(4-((1-subtituted phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)methanones and (6-chloro-2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)(4-((1-substituted phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)methanones, compounds with substitution at para position with electron electron releasing groups exhibited the best activity (< 34 μg/mL). Amidst, (2,7-dimethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)(4-(2-(4-alkyl/substituted aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethyl)piperazin-1-yl)methanones and (6-chloro-2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)(4-(2-(4- alkyl/substituted aryl -1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethyl)piperazin-1-yl)methanones, compounds with long alkyl chain or cyclo propyl group were most active (< 21 μg/mL) in MABA method against the tested strain of MTB. Compound 10b emerged to be the most active compound in MABA and LORA with MIC values 13.74 and 24.63 μg/mL respectively. In-silico ADMET parameters were also predicted for the significantly active compound. Finally, molecular docking study was carried out to predict the feasible binding pattern of the most active compound at the active site of enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PDB-4TZK) using Glide module of Schrodinger software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Nandikolla
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Singireddi Srinivasarao
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Yogesh Mahadu Khetmalis
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Banoth Karan Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan. India
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan. India
| | - Gauri Shetye
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612. USA
| | - Rui Ma
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612. USA
| | - Scott G Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612. USA
| | - Kondapalli Venkata Gowri Chandra Sekhar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India.
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24
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Triazole-containing hybrids with anti- Mycobacterium tuberculosis potential - Part I: 1,2,3-Triazole. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:643-662. [PMID: 33619989 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis regimens currently applied in clinical practice require months of multidrug therapy, which imposes a major challenge of patient compliance and drug resistance development. Moreover, because of the increasing emergence of hard-to-treat tuberculosis, this disease continues to be a significant threat to the human population. 1,2,3-triazole as a privileged structure has been widely used as an effective template for drug discovery, and 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids that can simultaneously act on dual or multiple targets in Mycobacterium tuberculosis have the potential to circumvent drug resistance, enhance efficacy, reduce side effects and improve pharmacokinetic as well as pharmacodynamic profiles. Thus, 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids are useful scaffolds for the development of antitubercular agents. This review aims to highlight recent advances of 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids with potential activity against various forms of M. tuberculosis, covering articles published between 2015 and 2020. The structure-activity relationship and the mechanism of action are also discussed to facilitate further rational design of more effective drug candidates.
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25
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Kaushik CP, Chahal M, Luxmi R, Kumar D, Kumar A, Kumar M, Singh D. Synthesis, characterization and biological activities of sulfonamide tagged 1,2,3-triazoles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1802758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. P. Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Manisha Chahal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Raj Luxmi
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Devinder Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Dharmendra Singh
- Centre for Research and Development, IPCA Lab Ltd, Mumbai, India
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26
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Synthesis and antibacterial activity of benzothiazole and benzoxazole-appended substituted 1,2,3-triazoles. J CHEM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-020-01844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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27
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Huang G, Solano CM, Melendez J, Yu-Alfonzo S, Boonhok R, Min H, Miao J, Chakrabarti D, Yuan Y. Discovery of fast-acting dual-stage antimalarial agents by profiling pyridylvinylquinoline chemical space via copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112889. [PMID: 33045660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To identity fast-acting, multistage antimalarial agents, a series of pyridylvinylquinoline-triazole analogues have been synthesized via CuAAC. Most of the compounds display significant inhibitory effect on the drug-resistant malarial Dd2 strain at low submicromolar concentrations. Among the tested analogues, compound 60 is the most potent molecule with an EC50 value of 0.04 ± 0.01 μM. Our current study indicates that compound 60 is a fast-acting antimalarial compound and it demonstrates stage specific action at the trophozoite phase in the P. falciparum asexual life cycle. In addition, compound 60 is active against both early and late stage P. falciparum gametocytes. From a mechanistic perspective, compound 60 shows good activity as an inhibitor of β-hematin formation. Collectively, our findings suggest that fast-acting agent 60 targets dual life stages of the malarial parasites and warrant further investigation of pyridylvinylquinoline hybrids as new antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Claribel Murillo Solano
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Joel Melendez
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Sabrina Yu-Alfonzo
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Rachasak Boonhok
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA; Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Hui Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jun Miao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Debopam Chakrabarti
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA.
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
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Naouri A, Djemoui A, Ouahrani MR, Lahrech MB, Lemouari N, Rocha DH, Albuquerque H, Mendes RF, Almeida Paz FA, Helguero LA, Bachari K, Talhi O, Silva AM. Multicomponent and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition synthesis of triazole- and isoxazole-acridinedione/xanthenedione heterocyclic hybrids: Cytotoxic effects on human cancer cells. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Dorababu A. Pharmacology Profile of Recently Developed Multi‐Functional Azoles; SAR‐Based Predictive Structural Modification. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- Department of Studies in ChemistrySRMPP Govt. First Grade College Huvinahadagali 583219, Karnataka India
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30
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Kaushik CP, Luxmi R. Synthesis, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of naphthyl‐linked disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raj Luxmi
- Department of ChemistryGuru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology Hisar India
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31
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Rani A, Singh G, Singh A, Maqbool U, Kaur G, Singh J. CuAAC-ensembled 1,2,3-triazole-linked isosteres as pharmacophores in drug discovery: review. RSC Adv 2020; 10:5610-5635. [PMID: 35497465 PMCID: PMC9049420 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09510a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The review lays emphasis on the significance of 1,2,3-triazoles synthesized via CuAAC reaction having potential to act as anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-tuberculosis, anti-diabetic, and anti-Alzheimer drugs. The importance of click chemistry is due to its 'quicker' methodology that has the capability to create complex and efficient drugs with high yield and purity from simple and cheap starting materials. The activity of different triazolyl compounds was compiled considering MIC, IC50, and EC50 values against different species of microbes. In addition to this, the anti-oxidant property of triazolyl compounds have also been reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India +91 9815967272
| | - Gurjaspreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh-160014 India
| | - Akshpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh-160014 India
| | - Ubair Maqbool
- Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India +91 9815967272
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Gujranwala Guru Nanak Khalsa College Civil Lines Ludhiana-141001 India
| | - Jandeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India +91 9815967272
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32
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Reddyrajula R, Dalimba UK. Structural modification of zolpidem led to potent antimicrobial activity in imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine/pyrimidine-1,2,3-triazoles. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03462e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine/pyrimidine-1,2,3-triazoles (IPTs) designed by specific structural modifications of zolpidem exhibited superior antitubercular activity than the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Reddyrajula
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Karnataka
- Mangalore-575025
- India
| | - Udaya Kumar Dalimba
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Karnataka
- Mangalore-575025
- India
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Akolkar SV, Nagargoje AA, Krishna VS, Sriram D, Sangshetti JN, Damale M, Shingate BB. NewN-phenylacetamide-incorporated 1,2,3-triazoles: [Et3NH][OAc]-mediated efficient synthesis and biological evaluation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:22080-22091. [PMID: 35518861 PMCID: PMC9066712 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03425k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile, highly efficient, and greener method for the synthesis of new 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles was conducted using [Et3NH][OAc] as a medium by the implementation of ultrasound irradiation via click chemistry, affording excellent yields. The present synthetic method exhibited numerous advantages such as mild reaction conditions, excellent product yields, minimal chemical waste, operational simplicity, shorter reaction time, and a wide range of substrate scope. The synthesized compounds were further evaluated for in vitro antifungal activity against five fungal strains, and some of the compounds displayed equivalent or greater potency than the standard drug. A molecular docking study against the modelled three-dimensional structure of cytochrome P450 lanosterol 14α-demethylase was also performed to understand the binding affinity and binding interactions of the enzyme. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for DPPH radical scavenging activity and antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain. A facile, highly efficient, and greener method for the synthesis of new 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles was conducted using [Et3NH][OAc] as a medium by the implementation of ultrasound irradiation via click chemistry, affording excellent yields.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish V. Akolkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University
- Aurangabad 431 004
- India
| | - Amol A. Nagargoje
- Department of Chemistry
- Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University
- Aurangabad 431 004
- India
| | - Vagolu S. Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy
- Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad 500 078
- India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Department of Pharmacy
- Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad 500 078
- India
| | - Jaiprakash N. Sangshetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy
- Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus
- Aurangabad 431 001
- India
| | - Manoj Damale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Srinath College of Pharmacy
- Aurangabad 431136
- India
| | - Bapurao B. Shingate
- Department of Chemistry
- Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University
- Aurangabad 431 004
- India
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