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Bandick E, Biedermann L, Ren Y, Donner S, Thiele M, Korus G, Tsitsilonis S, Müller M, Duda G, Perka C, Kienzle A. Periprosthetic Joint Infections of the Knee Lastingly Impact the Bone Homeostasis. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1472-1479. [PMID: 37534610 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
After periprosthetic joint infection (PJI)-dependent revision surgery, a significantly elevated number of patients suffer from prosthesis failure due to aseptic loosening and require additional revision surgery despite clearance of the initial infection. The mechanisms underlying this pathology are not well understood, as it has been assumed that the bone stock recovers after revision surgery. Despite clinical evidence suggesting decreased osteogenic potential in PJI, understanding of the underlying biology remains limited. In this study, we investigated the impact of PJI on bone homeostasis in a two-stage exchange approach at explantation and reimplantation. Sixty-four human tibial and femoral specimens (20 control, 20 PJI septic explantation, and 24 PJI prosthesis reimplantation samples) were analyzed for their bone microstructure, cellular composition, and expression of relevant genetic markers. Samples were analyzed using X-ray microtomography, Alcian blue and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, and RT-qPCR. In patients with PJI, bone volume (BV/TV; 0.173 ± 0.026; p < 0.001), trabecular thickness (164.262 ± 18.841 μm; p < 0.001), and bone mineral density (0.824 ± 0.017 g/cm2 ; p = 0.049) were reduced; trabecular separation (1833.939 ± 178.501 μm; p = 0.005) was increased. While prevalence of osteoclasts was elevated (N.Oc/BS: 0.663 ± 0.102, p < 0.001), osteoblast cell numbers were lower at explantation (N.Ob/BS: 0.149 ± 0.021; p = 0.047). Mean expression of bone homeostasis markers osteocalcin, osteopontin, Runx2, TSG-6, and FGF-2 was significantly reduced at prosthesis explantation. Despite partial recovery, all analyzed parameters were still significantly impacted at reimplantation. In contrast, mean expression of osteoclastogenesis-stimulating cytokine IL-17a was significantly increased at both explantation and reimplantation. In this study, we found a strong and lasting impact of PJI on the bone homeostasis on a molecular, cellular, and microstructural level. These changes may be responsible for the increased risk of prosthesis failure due to aseptic loosening. Our data suggest there is significant potential in modulating bone homeostasis to improve prosthesis fixation and long-term clinical outcome in affected patients. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Bandick
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Clinic for Orthopedics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara Biedermann
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Clinic for Orthopedics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yi Ren
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Clinic for Orthopedics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Donner
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Clinic for Orthopedics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Thiele
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Korus
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Serafeim Tsitsilonis
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Clinic for Orthopedics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Müller
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Clinic for Orthopedics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Perka
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Clinic for Orthopedics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Kienzle
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Clinic for Orthopedics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin, Germany
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Biedermann L, Bandick E, Ren Y, Tsitsilonis S, Donner S, Müller M, Duda G, Perka C, Kienzle A. Inflammation of Bone in Patients with Periprosthetic Joint Infections of the Knee. JB JS Open Access 2023; 8:JBJSOA-D-22-00101. [PMID: 36698987 PMCID: PMC9831161 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.oa.22.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the general success of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), addressing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and the resulting long-term complications is a growing medical need given the aging population and the increasing demand for arthroplasty. A larger proportion of patients face revision surgery because of the long-term complication of aseptic loosening despite clearance of the infection. The pathomechanisms leading to prosthetic loosening are not understood as it has been widely assumed that the bone stock recovers after explantation revision surgery. While clinical observations suggest a reduced osteogenic potential in patients with PJI, knowledge regarding the relevant biology is sparse. In the present study, we investigated the inflammatory impact of PJI on the bone and bone marrow in the vicinity of the joint. Additionally, we evaluated changes in the local inflammatory environment in a 2-stage exchange at both explantation and reimplantation. Methods In this study, we analyzed 75 human bone and bone-marrow specimens (obtained from 65 patients undergoing revision arthroplasty with cement for the treatment of PJI) for markers of inflammation. Samples were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin overview staining, fluorescent immunohistochemical staining, flow cytometry, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Leukocyte prevalence was significantly elevated at explantation (femur, +218.9%; tibia, +134.2%). While leukocyte prevalence decreased at reimplantation (femur, -49.5%; tibia, -34.2%), the number of cells remained significantly higher compared with the control group (femur, +61.2%; tibia, +54.2%). Expression of inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-1α (femur, +2,748.7%; tibia, +1,605.9%), IL-6 (femur, +2,062.5%; tibia, +2,385.7%), IL-10 (femur, +913.7%; tibia, +897.5%), IL-12 (femur, +386.1%; tibia, +52.5%), IL-18 (femur, +805.3%; tibia, +547.7%), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (femur, +296.9%; tibia, +220.9%) was significantly elevated at prosthesis explantation in both femoral and tibial specimens. Expression remained significantly elevated at reimplantation for all inflammatory markers except IL-12 compared with the control group. Conversely, there were only limited inflammatory changes in the bone marrow environment. Conclusions The present study demonstrated a strong and lasting upregulation of the proinflammatory environment in the joint-surrounding osseous scaffold in patients with PJI. Our data suggest that modulating the inflammatory environment has substantial potential to improve the clinical outcome in affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Biedermann
- Clinic for Orthopedics, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Evgeniya Bandick
- Clinic for Orthopedics, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yi Ren
- Clinic for Orthopedics, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Serafeim Tsitsilonis
- Clinic for Orthopedics, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Donner
- Clinic for Orthopedics, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Müller
- Clinic for Orthopedics, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Perka
- Clinic for Orthopedics, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Kienzle
- Clinic for Orthopedics, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,Email for corresponding author:
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Nadine S, Correia CR, Mano JF. Engineering immunomodulatory hydrogels and cell-laden systems towards bone regeneration. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 140:213058. [PMID: 35933955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The well-known synergetic interplay between the skeletal and immune systems has changed the design of advanced bone tissue engineering strategies. The immune system is essential during the bone lifetime, with macrophages playing multiple roles in bone healing and biomaterial integration. If in the past, the most valuable aspect of implants was to avoid immune responses of the host, nowadays, it is well-established how important are the crosstalks between immune cells and bone-engineered niches for an efficient regenerative process to occur. For that, it is essential to recapitulate the multiphenotypic cellular environment of bone tissue when designing new approaches. Indeed, the lack of osteoimmunomodulatory knowledge may be the explanation for the poor translation of biomaterials into clinical practice. Thus, smarter hydrogels incorporating immunomodulatory bioactive factors, stem cells, and immune cells are being proposed to develop a new generation of bone tissue engineering strategies. This review highlights the power of immune cells to upgrade the development of innovative engineered strategies, mainly focusing on orthopaedic and dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nadine
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Clara R Correia
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Won JE, Kim WJ, Ryu JJ, Shim JS. Guided Bone Regeneration with a Nitric-Oxide Releasing Polymer Inducing Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis in Critical-Sized Bone Defects. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200162. [PMID: 35895972 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic scaffolds, as bone grafts, provide a favorable environment for the repair and growth of new bone tissue at defect sites. However, the lack of angio- and osteo-induction limits the usefulness of artificial scaffolds for bone regeneration. Nitric oxide (NO) performs essential roles in healing processes, such as regulating inflammation and addressing incomplete revascularization. In this study, we developed a polymer capable of controlled NO release to promote the osteogenic capacity in artificial scaffolds. The biological efficiency of the NO compound was assessed by its effect on pre-osteoblasts and macrophages in vitro and the extent of vascularization and bone formation in the calvaria defect model in vivo. The compound did not inhibit cell adhesion or proliferation. NO treatment significantly increased both alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization in pre-osteoblasts. Macrophages treated with NO secreted high levels of anti-inflammatory factors and adopted the pro-regenerative M2 phenotype. In the critical-sized defect model, the collagen scaffold containing the NO compound enhanced neovascularization and bone formation. The developed NO-releasing system promoted osteogenesis and regeneration of damaged bone tissue. As the multiple functions of NO involve macrophage modulation and angiogenesis, such release systems may be valuable for guiding bone regeneration in critical-sized defects. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Eun Won
- Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Department of Dentistry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang-si, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Jun Ryu
- Department of Dentistry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Suk Shim
- Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Department of Dentistry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
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Bala R, Verma R, Budhwar S, Prakash N, Sachan S. Fetal hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with placental inflammation and early breakdown of maternal-fetal tolerance in Pre-term birth. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 88:e13589. [PMID: 35750632 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Hyperhomocysteinemia (hypHcy) due to impaired folate metabolism is shown to be a risk factor for preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) in mothers. However, the relationship of fetal hypHcy with adverse pregnancy outcomes is under-represented. The present study aims to investigate the association of fetal hypHcy with oxidative stress and placental inflammation that can contribute to an early breakdown of maternal-fetal tolerance in pre-term birth (PTB). METHODS Cord blood and placenta tissue were collected from PTB and term infant group. Levels of homocysteine, folic acid, vitamin B12 and oxidative stress markers (MDA, T-AOC, 8-OHdG) were measured in cord blood serum using ELISA and respective standard assay kits. Relative expression of candidate genes (TNF-α, IL-6, IL1-β, VEGF-A, MMP2 and MMP9) was also checked using RT-PCR and immunoblotting/immunohistochemistry. RESULTS PTB infants showed significantly higher levels of homocysteine (p = 0.02) and lower levels of vitamin B12 (p = 0.005) as compared to term infants. We also found that PTB infants with hypHcy had lower T-AOC (p = 0.003) and higher MDA (p = 0.04) levels as compared to term infants with normal homocysteine levels. The mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α, VEGF-A, MMP2 and MMP9 were significantly higher in hypHcy PTB infants. CONCLUSION Our results show that fetal hypHcy is associated with oxidative stress and an increase in inflammatory markers in the placenta. Thus, in conclusion, our study demonstrates that fetal hypHcy during pregnancy is a potential risk factor that may initiate an early breakdown of uterine quiescence due to activation of inflammatory processes leading to PTB. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Bala
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Rachna Verma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Snehil Budhwar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Nikita Prakash
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Shikha Sachan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
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Sabbaghzadeh A, Bonakdar S, Gorji M, Gholipour M. Evaluation of the effect of preoperative hemoglobin level and proinflammatory factors on intertrochanteric fracture union. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2022; 134:458-462. [PMID: 35639200 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-022-02042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intertrochanteric fractures are associated with high mortality and morbidity, so these patients should undergo fracture fixation surgery immediately. Despite surgery, the possibility of fracture fusion may not occur due to the association with various causes. Therefore, our aim is to investigate these factors (TNF‑a, IL‑1, Hb) and their effect on fracture union after fixation. METHODS From 2018 to 2020, at our orthopedic trauma center, 163 patients older than 50 years with intertrochanteric fractures underwent DHS fixation surgery. Patients were divided into anemic and non-anemic groups in terms of preoperative hemoglobin level (standard hemoglobin 11 mg/dl). For 3 months, patients were assessed for union and failure fixation criteria, levels of proinflammation (TNF‑α, IL-1) and level of hemoglobin. RESULTS The results show that out of 163 patients with fractures, at the time of initial admission, 74 patients had less than 11 hemoglobin g/dl. Patients with union fractures had higher hemoglobin levels than patients with non-union (11.71 ± 1.51 versus 11.24 ± 1.96), which was statistically significant between hemoglobin and union level (p = 0.030). At the end of the third visit (third month), 44 (59.5%) anemic patients received union completly, while among the patients with normal hemoglobin level, 32 (36%) received union bread, which was statistically significant (p = 0.003). There were no statistically significant differences between proinflammatory factors before surgery and 3 months after surgery (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Due to the effect of anemia and proinflammatory factors in the process of healing fractures and bone formation and creating musculoskeletal balance, low hemoglobin level before surgery has a significant effect on fracture union and failure of fixation. So it is recommended to correct this anemia in these patients before surgery and during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sabbaghzadeh
- Physiotherapy Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Unit, Akhtar Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sona Bonakdar
- Department of Foreign Languages, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mona Gorji
- Physiotherapy Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Skin research center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Gholipour
- Physiotherapy Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. .,Clinical Research Development Unit, Akhtar Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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Xue S, Li X, Li S, Chen N, Zhan Q, Long L, Zhao J, Hou X, Yuan X. Bone fracture microenvironment responsive hydrogel for timing sequential release of cargoes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Bourgery M, Ekholm E, Fagerlund K, Hiltunen A, Puolakkainen T, Pursiheimo JP, Heino T, Määttä J, Heinonen J, Yatkin E, Laitala T, Säämänen AM. Multiple targets identified with genome wide profiling of small RNA and mRNA expression are linked to fracture healing in mice. Bone Rep 2021; 15:101115. [PMID: 34458508 PMCID: PMC8379442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-bone fracture is a common injury and its healing process at the fracture site involves several overlapping phases, including inflammation, migration of mesenchymal progenitors into the fracture site, endochondral ossification, angiogenesis and finally bone remodelling. Increasing evidence shows that small noncoding RNAs are important regulators of chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and fracture healing. MicroRNAs are small single-stranded, non-coding RNA-molecules intervening in most physiological and biological processes, including fracture healing. Angiogenin-cleaved 5' tRNA halves, also called as tiRNAs (stress-induced RNAs) have been shown to repress protein translation. In order to gain further understanding on the role of small noncoding RNAs in fracture healing, genome wide expression profiles of tiRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs were followed up to 14 days after fracture in callus tissue of an in vivo mouse model with closed tibial fracture and, compared to intact bone and articular cartilage at 2 months of age. Total tiRNA expression level in cartilage was only approximately one third of that observed in control D0 bone. In callus tissue, 11 mature 5'end tiRNAs out of 191 tiRNAs were highly expressed, and seven of them were differentially expressed during fracture healing. When comparing the control tissues, 25 miRNAs characteristic to bone and 29 miRNAs characteristic to cartilage tissue homeostasis were identified. Further, a total of 54 out of 806 miRNAs and 5420 out of 18,700 mRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) in callus tissue during fracture healing and, in comparison to control bone. They were associated to gene ontology processes related to mesenchymal tissue development and differentiation. A total of 581 miRNA-mRNA interactions were identified for these 54 DE miRNAs by literature searches in PubMed, thereby linking by Spearman correlation analysis 14 downregulated and 28 upregulated miRNAs to 164 negatively correlating and 168 positively correlating miRNA-mRNA pairs with chondrogenic and osteogenic phases of fracture healing. These data indicated that tiRNAs and miRNAs were differentially expressed in fracture callus tissue, suggesting them important physiological functions during fracture healing. Hence, the data provided by this study may contribute to future clinical applications, such as potential use as biomarkers or as tools in the development of novel therapeutic approaches for fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Ekholm
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Tero Puolakkainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | | | - Terhi Heino
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Määttä
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Finland
| | | | - Emrah Yatkin
- Central Animal Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tiina Laitala
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
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Changes in macrophage and inflammatory cytokine expressions during fracture healing in an ovariectomized mice model. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:494. [PMID: 34049522 PMCID: PMC8164289 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages and inflammatory cytokines play important roles in bone fracture healing. However, the expression patterns of macrophages and inflammatory cytokines during fracture healing under the condition of postmenopausal osteoporosis have not been fully revealed. Methods Tibia transverse fracture was established 12 weeks after ovariectomy or sham operation in 16-week old female mice. Tibias were harvested before fracture or 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28 days after fracture for radiological and histological examinations. M1/M2 inflammatory macrophages, osteal macrophages and gene expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β and macrophage conversion related molecules in the fracture haematoma or callus were also detected. Results The processes of fracture healing, especially the phases of endochondral ossification and callus remodeling, were delayed in ovariectomized mice. The expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, but not interleukin-1β, in the fracture haematoma or callus were disturbed. Expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α were decreased at 1, 14 and 21 days post-fracture (DPF), and were increased at 3, 5 and 7 DPF. Interleukin-6 expressions at 1, 3 and 21 DPF were significantly increased. We found the decreases in M1 and M2 macrophages at 1 DPF of the initial inflammatory stage. M2 macrophages at 14 DPF of the middle stage and osteal macrophages at 14, 21 and 28 DPF of the middle and late stages of fracture healing were also reduced in ovariectomized mice. Conclusions The expressions of macrophages and inflammatory cytokines were impaired in ovariectomized mice, which might contribute partially to poor fracture healing. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-021-04360-z.
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Zhu G, Zhang T, Chen M, Yao K, Huang X, Zhang B, Li Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Zhao Z. Bone physiological microenvironment and healing mechanism: Basis for future bone-tissue engineering scaffolds. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4110-4140. [PMID: 33997497 PMCID: PMC8091181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-tissue defects affect millions of people worldwide. Despite being common treatment approaches, autologous and allogeneic bone grafting have not achieved the ideal therapeutic effect. This has prompted researchers to explore novel bone-regeneration methods. In recent decades, the development of bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds has been leading the forefront of this field. As researchers have provided deep insights into bone physiology and the bone-healing mechanism, various biomimicking and bioinspired BTE scaffolds have been reported. Now it is necessary to review the progress of natural bone physiology and bone healing mechanism, which will provide more valuable enlightenments for researchers in this field. This work details the physiological microenvironment of the natural bone tissue, bone-healing process, and various biomolecules involved therein. Next, according to the bone physiological microenvironment and the delivery of bioactive factors based on the bone-healing mechanism, it elaborates the biomimetic design of a scaffold, highlighting the designing of BTE scaffolds according to bone biology and providing the rationale for designing next-generation BTE scaffolds that conform to natural bone healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Ke Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Xinqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yazhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
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11
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Andrée L, Yang F, Brock R, Leeuwenburgh SCG. Designing biomaterials for the delivery of RNA therapeutics to stimulate bone healing. Mater Today Bio 2021; 10:100105. [PMID: 33912824 PMCID: PMC8063862 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleic acids (small interfering RNA, microRNA, and messenger RNA) have been emerging as a promising new class of therapeutics for bone regeneration. So far, however, research has mostly focused on stability and complexation of these oligonucleotides for systemic delivery. By comparison, delivery of RNA nanocomplexes from biomaterial carriers can facilitate a spatiotemporally controlled local delivery of osteogenic oligonucleotides. This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in the design of biomaterials which allow for temporal and spatial control over RNA delivery. We correlate this concept of spatiotemporally controlled RNA delivery to the most relevant events that govern bone regeneration to evaluate to which extent tuning of release kinetics is required. In addition, inspired by the physiological principles of bone regeneration, potential new RNA targets are presented. Finally, considerations for clinical translation and upscaled production are summarized to stimulate the design of clinically relevant RNA-releasing biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Andrée
- Department of Dentistry - Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, the Netherlands
| | - F Yang
- Department of Dentistry - Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, the Netherlands
| | - R Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 28, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - S C G Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Dentistry - Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, the Netherlands
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12
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El-Jawhari JJ, El-Sherbiny Y, McGonagle D, Jones E. Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; From a Leading Role in Pathogenesis to Potential Therapeutic Saviors? Front Immunol 2021; 12:643170. [PMID: 33732263 PMCID: PMC7959804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of the autoimmune rheumatological diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is complex with the involvement of several immune cell populations spanning both innate and adaptive immunity including different T-lymphocyte subsets and monocyte/macrophage lineage cells. Despite therapeutic advances in RA and SLE, some patients have persistent and stubbornly refractory disease. Herein, we discuss stromal cells' dual role, including multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) also used to be known as mesenchymal stem cells as potential protagonists in RA and SLE pathology and as potential therapeutic vehicles. Joint MSCs from different niches may exhibit prominent pro-inflammatory effects in experimental RA models directly contributing to cartilage damage. These stromal cells may also be key regulators of the immune system in SLE. Despite these pro-inflammatory roles, MSCs may be immunomodulatory and have potential therapeutic value to modulate immune responses favorably in these autoimmune conditions. In this review, the complex role and interactions between MSCs and the haematopoietically derived immune cells in RA and SLE are discussed. The harnessing of MSC immunomodulatory effects by contact-dependent and independent mechanisms, including MSC secretome and extracellular vesicles, is discussed in relation to RA and SLE considering the stromal immune microenvironment in the diseased joints. Data from translational studies employing MSC infusion therapy against inflammation in other settings are contextualized relative to the rheumatological setting. Although safety and proof of concept studies exist in RA and SLE supporting experimental and laboratory data, robust phase 3 clinical trial data in therapy-resistant RA and SLE is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan J El-Jawhari
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Yasser El-Sherbiny
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,The National Institute for Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Jones
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,The National Institute for Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
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13
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Wagner JM, Schmidt SV, Dadras M, Wallner C, Huber J, Sogorski A, Sacher M, Reinkemeier F, Dittfeld S, Becerikli M, Becker K, Rauch N, Lehnhardt M, Behr B. TNF-α modulation via Etanercept restores bone regeneration of atrophic non-unions. Bone 2020; 141:115569. [PMID: 32745691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of atrophic non-unions, especially in long bones is a challenging problem in orthopedic surgery due to the high revision and failure rate after surgical intervention. Subsequently, there is a certain need for a supportive treatment option besides surgical treatment. In our previous study we gained first insights into the dynamic processes of atrophic non-union formation and observed a prolonged inflammatory reaction with upregulated TNF-α levels and bone resorption. In this study we aimed to improve bone regeneration of atrophic non-unions via TNF-α modulation in a previously established murine femoral segmental defect model. Animals that developed atrophic non-unions of the femur after 5 and 10 weeks were treated systemically for 10 and 5 weeks with Etanercept, a soluble TNF-α antibody. μCT scans and histology revealed bony bridging of the fracture gap in the treatment group, while bone formation in control animals without treatment was not evident. Moreover, osteoclasts were markedly decreased via modulation of the RANKL/OPG axis due to Etanercept treatment. Additionally, immunomodulatory effects via Etanercept could be observed as further inflammatory agents, such as TGF-β, IL6, MMP9 and 13 were decreased in both treatment groups. This study is the first showing beneficial effects of Etanercept treatment on bone regeneration of atrophic non-union formation. Moreover, the results of this study provide a new and promising therapeutic option which might reduce the failure rate of revision surgeries of atrophic non-unions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mehran Dadras
- University Hospital BG Bergmannsheil Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Julika Huber
- University Hospital BG Bergmannsheil Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Maxi Sacher
- University Hospital BG Bergmannsheil Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Björn Behr
- University Hospital BG Bergmannsheil Bochum, Germany.
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14
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Lee EJ, Jain M, Alimperti S. Bone Microvasculature: Stimulus for Tissue Function and Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 27:313-329. [PMID: 32940150 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a highly vascularized organ, providing structural support to the body, and its development, regeneration, and remodeling depend on the microvascular homeostasis. Loss or impairment of vascular function can develop diseases, such as large bone defects, avascular necrosis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and osteopetrosis. In this review, we summarize how vasculature controls bone development and homeostasis in normal and disease cases. A better understanding of this process will facilitate the development of novel disease treatments that promote bone regeneration and remodeling. Specifically, approaches based on tissue engineering components, such as stem cells and growth factors, have demonstrated the capacity to induce bone microvasculature regeneration and mineralization. This knowledge will have relevant clinical implications for the treatment of bone disorders by developing novel pharmaceutical approaches and bone grafts. Finally, the tissue engineering approaches incorporating vascular components may widely be applied to treat other organ diseases by enhancing their regeneration capacity. Impact statement Bone vasculature is imperative in the process of bone development, regeneration, and remodeling. Alterations or disruption of the bone vasculature leads to loss of bone homeostasis and the development of bone diseases. In this study, we review the role of vasculature on bone diseases and how vascular tissue engineering strategies, with a detailed emphasis on the role of stem cells and growth factors, will contribute to bone therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Lee
- American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Mahim Jain
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stella Alimperti
- American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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15
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Hermawan A, Putri H. Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Potential Target Genes and TNFα Signaling Inhibition by Brazilin in Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2751-2762. [PMID: 32986377 PMCID: PMC7779440 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.9.2751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metastasis is the most significant cause of morbidity and mortality in breast cancer patients. Previously, a combination of brazilin and doxorubicin has been shown to inhibit metastasis in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. This present study used an integrative bioinformatics approach to identify new targets and the molecular mechanism of brazilin in inhibiting metastasis in breast cancer. METHODS Cytotoxicity and mRNA arrays data were retreived from the DTP website, whereas genes that regulate metastatic breast cancer cells were retreived from PubMed with keywords "breast cancer metastasis". Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, and Drug association analysis were carried out by using WEB-based GEne SeT AnaLysis Toolkit (WebGestalt). Construction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was performed by STRING-DB v11.0 and Cytoscape, respectively. The genetic alterations of the potential therapeutic target genes of brazilin (PB) were analyzed using cBioPortal. RESULTS Analysis of cytotoxicity with the public database of COMPARE showed that brazilin exerts almost the same cytotoxicity in the NCI-60 cells panel showing by similar GI50 value, in which the lowest GI50 value was observed in MDA-MB 231, a metastatic breast cancer cells. KEGG enrichment indicated several pathways regulated by brazilin such as TNF signaling pathway, cellular senescence, and pathways in cancer. We found ten drugs that are associated with PB, including protein kinase inhibitors, TNFα inhibitors, enzyme inhibitors, and anti-inflammatory agents. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study identified eight PB, including MMP14, PTGS2, ADAM17, PTEN, CCL2, PIK3CB, MAP3K8, and CXCL3. In addition, brazilin possibly inhibits metastatic breast cancer through inhibition of TNFα signaling. The study results study need to be validated with in vitro and in vivo studies to strengthen scientific evidence of the use of brazilin in breast cancer metastasis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hermawan
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Herwandhani Putri
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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16
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Zhang Y, Yang C, Ge S, Wang L, Zhang J, Yang P. EphB4/ TNFR2/ERK/MAPK signaling pathway comprises a signaling axis to mediate the positive effect of TNF-α on osteogenic differentiation. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:29. [PMID: 32299362 PMCID: PMC7164363 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and its receptor TNFR2 are both reported to promote osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast precursor cells. Moreover, low concentrations of TNF-α up-regulate the expression of EphB4. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying TNF-α-induced osteogenic differentiation and the roles of TNFR2 and EphB4 have not been fully elucidated. RESULTS The ALP activity, as well as the mRNA and protein levels of RUNX2, BSP, EphB4 and TNFR2, was significantly elevated in MC3T3-E1 murine osteoblast precursor cells when stimulated with 0.5 ng/ml TNF-α. After TNFR2 was inhibited by gene knockdown with lentivirus-mediated shRNA interference or by a neutralizing antibody against TNFR2, the pro-osteogenic effect of TNF-α was partly reversed, while the up-regulation of EphB4 by TNF-α remained unchanged. With EphB4 forward signaling suppressed by a potent inhibitor of EphB4 auto-phosphorylation, NVP-BHG712, TNF-α-enhanced expressions of TNFR2, BSP and Runx2 were significantly decreased. Further investigation into the signaling pathways revealed that TNF-α significantly increased levels of p-JNK, p-ERK and p-p38. However, only the p-ERK level was significantly inhibited in TNFR2-knockdown cells. In addition, the ERK pathway inhibitor, U0126 (10 μM), significantly reversed the positive effect of TNF-α on the protein levels of RUNX2 and BSP. CONCLUSIONS The EphB4, TNFR2 and ERK/MAPK signaling pathway comprises a signaling axis to mediate the positive effect of TNF-α on osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chengzhe Yang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong Province, China. .,Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Pishan Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong Province, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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17
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Hsu KS, Otsu W, Li Y, Wang HC, Chen S, Tsang SH, Chuang JZ, Sung CH. CLIC4 regulates late endosomal trafficking and matrix degradation activity of MMP14 at focal adhesions in RPE cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12247. [PMID: 31439888 PMCID: PMC6706427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation in the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment surrounding the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been implicated in the etiology of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. The regulation of ECM remodeling by RPE cells is not well understood. We show that membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) is central to ECM degradation at the focal adhesions in human ARPE19 cells. The matrix degradative activity, but not the assembly, of the focal adhesion is regulated by chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4). CLIC4 is co-localized with MMP14 in the late endosome. CLIC4 regulates the proper sorting of MMP14 into the lumen of the late endosome and its proteolytic activation in lipid rafts. CLIC4 has the newly-identified “late domain” motif that binds to MMP14 and to Tsg101, a component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) complex. Unlike the late domain mutant CLIC4, wild-type CLIC4 can rescue the late endosomal sorting defect of MMP14. Finally, CLIC4 knockdown inhibits the apical secretion of MMP2 in polarized human RPE monolayers. These results, taken together, demonstrate that CLIC4 is a novel matrix microenvironment modulator and a novel regulator for late endosomal cargo sorting. Moreover, the late endosomal sorting of MMP14 actively regulates its surface activation in RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Shun Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Surgery, Colorectal Service and Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wataru Otsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heuy-Ching Wang
- Ocular Trauma Task Area, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, TX, San Antonio, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery and Department of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, and Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jen-Zen Chuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ching-Hwa Sung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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18
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Abstract
Poorly controlled diabetes with comorbid manifestations negatively affects outcomes in lower extremity trauma, increasing the risk of short-term and long-term complications. Management strategies of patients with diabetes that experience lower extremity trauma should also include perioperative management of hyperglycemia to reduce adverse and serious adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- George T Liu
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 1801 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75390-8883, USA; Foot and Ankle Service, Orthopaedic Surgery, Parkland Memorial Hospital, Level 1 Trauma Center, 5200 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
| | - Drew T Sanders
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 1801 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75390-8883, USA; Orthopaedic Trauma Service, Parkland Memorial Hospital, Level 1 Trauma Center, 5200 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Katherine M Raspovic
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 1801 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75390-8883, USA; Foot and Ankle Service, Orthopaedic Surgery, Parkland Memorial Hospital, Level 1 Trauma Center, 5200 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Dane K Wukich
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 1801 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75390-8883, USA; Foot and Ankle Service, Orthopaedic Surgery, Parkland Memorial Hospital, Level 1 Trauma Center, 5200 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
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19
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Yuksel S, Guleç MA, Gultekin Z, Caglar A, Beytemur O, Alagoz E, Eker AA, Subaşı C, Karaoz E. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biomechanical effects of splenectomy on Achilles tendon healing in rats. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 60:200-208. [PMID: 29860899 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2018.1483361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess Achilles tendon repair in rats following splenectomy to simulate patients with musculoskeletal system injury who had splenectomy after spleen injury, a situation often seen in orthopedics and traumatology practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats (10 months old; average weight, 394.5 ± 28.3 g). The rats were fed with standard rodent food ad libitum at 22°C in a dark environment for 12 h. They were divided into two groups, namely the splenectomy (total splenectomy and Achilles tendon repair) and control groups (only Achilles tendon repair; n = 16). Four weeks after the surgery, the rats were euthanized, and their Achilles tendons were examined histopathologically, immunohistochemically, and biomechanically. RESULTS In the splenectomy group, proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ, showed significantly lower values than those in the control group (p ˂0.01); moreover, the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines like vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-β1, interleukin-2, interleukin-10, and hepatocyte growth factor were significantly higher than in the control group (p ˂ 0.001). The average ultimate tensile strengths were 2.58 ± 0.5 in the splenectomy and 2.78 ± 0.3 in the control group (p = 0.043). The average εUTS values were 0.33 ± 0.5 in the splenectomy and 0.44 ± 0.1 in the control group (p = 0.021). CONCLUSION Splenectomy may positively influence Achilles tendon healing through modification of the proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory ratio in favor of anti-inflammatory cytokines by causing a decrease in spleen-originated inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Yuksel
- a Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital , Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - M Akif Guleç
- a Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital , Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Zeki Gultekin
- a Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital , Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Aysel Caglar
- b Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital , Department of Pathology , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ozan Beytemur
- a Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital , Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ender Alagoz
- a Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital , Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - A Akdogan Eker
- c Yıldız Technical University , Department of Mechanical Engineering , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Cansu Subaşı
- d Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research & Manufacturing (LivMedCell) , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Erdal Karaoz
- d Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research & Manufacturing (LivMedCell) , Istanbul , Turkey.,e İstinye University, Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research & Practice , İstanbul , Turkey
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20
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Miron RJ, Zhang Y. Autologous liquid platelet rich fibrin: A novel drug delivery system. Acta Biomater 2018; 75:35-51. [PMID: 29772345 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is currently widespread interest within the biomaterial field to locally deliver biomolecules for bone and cartilage regeneration. Substantial work to date has focused on the potential role of these biomolecules during the healing process, and the carrier system utilized is a key factor in their effectiveness. Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) is a naturally derived fibrin scaffold that is easily obtained from peripheral blood following centrifugation. Slower centrifugation speeds have led to the commercialization of a liquid formulation (liquid-PRF) resulting in an upper plasma layer composed of liquid fibrinogen/thrombin prior to clot formation that remains in its liquid phase for approximately 15 min until injected into bodily tissues. Herein, we introduce the use of liquid PRF as an advanced local delivery system for small and large biomolecules. Potential target molecules including large (growth factors/cytokines and morphogenetic/angiogenic factors), as well as small (antibiotics, peptides, gene therapy and anti-osteoporotic) molecules are considered potential candidates for enhanced bone/cartilage tissue regeneration. Furthermore, liquid-PRF is introduced as a potential carrier system for various cell types and nano-sized particles that are capable of limiting/by-passing the immune system and minimizing potential foreign body reactions within host tissues following injection. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE There is currently widespread interest within the biomaterial field to locally deliver biomolecules for bone and cartilage regeneration. This review article focuses on the use of a liquid version of platelet rich fibrin (PRF) composed of liquid fibrinogen/thrombin as a drug delivery system. Herein, we introduce the use of liquid PRF as an advanced local delivery system for small and large biomolecules including growth factors, cytokines and morphogenetic/angiogenic factors, as well as antibiotics, peptides, gene therapy and anti-osteoporotic molecules as potential candidates for enhanced bone/cartilage tissue regeneration.
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21
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Hauser M, Siegrist M, Keller I, Hofstetter W. Healing of fractures in osteoporotic bones in mice treated with bisphosphonates - A transcriptome analysis. Bone 2018; 112:107-119. [PMID: 29680263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BP) are inhibitors of bone resorption and are used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis. Long-term treatment with BP attenuates bone remodeling, possibly leading to detrimental consequences for the bones' ability to repair defects. To test this hypothesis, an animal model was established. Twelve week old mice were ovariectomized (OVX). Following confirmation of bone loss 8 weeks after OVX, the animals were treated with Alendronate (ALN) until sacrifice. After 5 weeks of ALN injections, the femoral bones were osteotomized and the osteotomies were either rigidly or non-rigidly stabilized. In rigidly fixed defects, no callus developed between 1 and 5 weeks after osteotomy, whereas after non-rigid fixation, callus development occurred. The administration of ALN resulted in an increase in newly formed bone at the defect site 5 weeks after osteotomy, irrespective of the estrogen status or fixation system. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that both rigid and non-rigid fixation affected gene expression primarily during the middle phase of bone repair. Furthermore, the number of differentially expressed genes in tissues from non-rigidly fixed defect sites increased in animals treated with ALN over the course of bone repair. This indicates that ALN-dependent repair processes become increasingly dominant in the late phases of the healing process. Ranking of the factors affecting the composition of the transcriptome and their impact on the healing process revealed fixation at the defect site to be the strongest causative factor, followed by bisphosphonate treatment and estrogen deficiency. The present study suggests that the continuous administration of ALN is detrimental to bone repair, eventually causing a delay in healing in mechanically compromised situations. Consequently, rigid fixation may prove essential for a successful intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Hauser
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mark Siegrist
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Irene Keller
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Willy Hofstetter
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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22
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Lüthje FL, Skovgaard K, Jensen HE, Kruse Jensen L. Pigs are useful for the molecular study of bone inflammation and regeneration in humans. Lab Anim 2018; 52:630-640. [PMID: 29653496 DOI: 10.1177/0023677218766391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pigs are used with increased frequency to model different kinds of orthopedic surgical conditions. In order to show the full potential of porcine models in orthopedic research, it is therefore required to examine the expression of bone regulatory genes in pigs affected by orthopedic surgery and compare it to the expression in humans and mice as mice, are one of the most applied animal species in orthopedics today. In the present study, the local molecular response to drilling of a tibial implant cavity, and the subsequent insertion of a steel implant was examined in a porcine model. Pigs were euthanized five days after drilling of the bone. The molecular response of 73 different genes was analyzed using a high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction platform and compared to histopathology. Histologically, it was found that bone remodeling was initiated on day 5 after surgery and was associated with upregulation of several genes involved in bone degradation and formation ( CTSK, ACP5, IBSP, RANK, RANKL and COL1A1). Interleukin-6 and several acute-phase proteins (C3, SAA and ITIH4) were significantly upregulated, indicating their importance in the initial process of healing and osseointegration. All tested bone morphogenic proteins (BMP2, -4 and -7) including their inhibitor noggin were also significantly upregulated. Surprisingly, vascular endothelial growth factor A was not found to be regulated five days after surgery while several other vascular growth factors (ANGPT1, ANGPT2 and PTN) were upregulated. The pig was found to be a useful model for elucidation of bone regulatory genes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freja Lea Lüthje
- 1 Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,2 Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- 2 Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Henrik Elvang Jensen
- 1 Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Kruse Jensen
- 1 Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Shahriary A, Ghanei M, Rahmani H. The systemic nature of mustard lung: Comparison with COPD patients. Interdiscip Toxicol 2018; 10:114-127. [PMID: 30174535 PMCID: PMC6107649 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2017-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulphur mustard (SM) is a powerful blister-causing alkylating chemical warfare agent used by Iraqi forces against Iran. One of the known complications of mustard gas inhalation is mustard lung which is discussed as a phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this complication, there are clinical symptoms close to COPD with common etiologies, such as in smokers. Based on information gradually obtained by conducting the studies on mustard lung patients, systemic symptoms along with pulmonary disorders have attracted the attention of researchers. Changes in serum levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), interleukin (IL), chemokines, selectins, immunoglobulins, and signs of imbalance in oxidant-antioxidant system at serum level, present the systemic changes in these patients. In addition to these, reports of extra-pulmonary complications, such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease are also presented. In this study, the chance of developing the systemic nature of this lung disease have been followed on using the comparative study of changes in the mentioned markers in mustard lung and COPD patients at stable phases and the mechanisms of pathogenesis and phenomena, such as airway remodeling in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Rahmani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Paiva KBS, Granjeiro JM. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Bone Resorption, Remodeling, and Repair. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 148:203-303. [PMID: 28662823 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the major protease family responsible for the cleavage of the matrisome (global composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteome) and proteins unrelated to the ECM, generating bioactive molecules. These proteins drive ECM remodeling, in association with tissue-specific and cell-anchored inhibitors (TIMPs and RECK, respectively). In the bone, the ECM mediates cell adhesion, mechanotransduction, nucleation of mineralization, and the immobilization of growth factors to protect them from damage or degradation. Since the first description of an MMP in bone tissue, many other MMPs have been identified, as well as their inhibitors. Numerous functions have been assigned to these proteins, including osteoblast/osteocyte differentiation, bone formation, solubilization of the osteoid during bone resorption, osteoclast recruitment and migration, and as a coupling factor in bone remodeling under physiological conditions. In turn, a number of pathologies, associated with imbalanced bone remodeling, arise mainly from MMP overexpression and abnormalities of the ECM, leading to bone osteolysis or bone formation. In this review, we will discuss the functions of MMPs and their inhibitors in bone cells, during bone remodeling, pathological bone resorption (osteoporosis and bone metastasis), bone repair/regeneration, and emergent roles in bone bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiucia B S Paiva
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology and Cellular Interaction (LabMec), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - José M Granjeiro
- National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (InMetro), Bioengineering Laboratory, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil; Fluminense Federal University, Dental School, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Kang ML, Kim EA, Jeong SY, Im GI. Angiopoietin-2 Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stem Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2896-2908. [PMID: 28214341 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies revealed that co-transplantation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can enhance bone regeneration and angiogenesis. However, it is unclear which genes are involved in the regulation of osteogenesis and/or angiogenesis during the co-culturing of BMSCs and ADSCs. The expression patterns of genes associated with osteogenesis and/or angiogenesis were analyzed in osteogenesis-induced BMSCs and ADSCs using an oligonucleotide microarray. Significant difference in the expression patterns of several genes were identified from hierarchical clustering and analyzed on co-cultured BMSCs and ADSCs. Angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) and activin receptor-like kinase-1 were significantly down-regulated in co-culture than culture of either BMSCs or ADSCs, while fibroblast growth factor-9 was significantly up-regulated in co-culture. The effect of ANGPT2 in osteogenesis-induced BMSCs was validated using recombinant protein and siRNA of ANGPT2. Treatment of the ANGPT2 protein significantly increased the expressions of osteogenic makers and the intensity of Alizarin red-S staining in BMSCs. Down-regulation of ANGPT2 significantly decreased the expression of osteogenic makers. The treatment of ANGPT2 protein to BMSCs induced significantly increased tube formation in Transwell-co-cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) compared with untreated control. ANGPT2 siRNA transfection showed the opposite effects. These results suggest that the treatment of ANGPT2 in BMSCs increase osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro, and that the enhancement of osteogenesis and angiogenesis in the co-cultured BMSCs and ADSCs seems to be mediated by a mechanism that makes the activation of ANGPT2 unnecessary. These observations provide the first evidence for positive regulation of osteogenesis by ANGPT2 in vitro. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2896-2908, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Lan Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Jeong
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Il Im
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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26
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Behrends DA, Hui D, Gao C, Awlia A, Al-Saran Y, Li A, Henderson JE, Martineau PA. Defective Bone Repair in C57Bl6 Mice With Acute Systemic Inflammation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2017; 475:906-916. [PMID: 27844403 PMCID: PMC5289198 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-016-5159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone repair is initiated with a local inflammatory response to injury. The presence of systemic inflammation impairs bone healing and often leads to malunion, although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. Our research objective was to use a mouse model of cortical bone repair to determine the effect of systemic inflammation on cells in the bone healing microenvironment. QUESTION/PURPOSES: (1) Does systemic inflammation, induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration affect the quantity and quality of regenerating bone in primary bone healing? (2) Does systemic inflammation alter vascularization and the number or activity of inflammatory cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts in the bone healing microenvironment? METHODS Cortical defects were drilled in the femoral diaphysis of female and male C57BL/6 mice aged 5 to 9 months that were treated with daily systemic injections of LPS or physiologic saline as control for 7 days. Mice were euthanized at 1 week (Control, n = 7; LPS, n = 8), 2 weeks (Control, n = 7; LPS, n = 8), and 6 weeks (Control, n = 9; LPS, n = 8) after surgery. The quantity (bone volume per tissue volume [BV/TV]) and microarchitecture (trabecular separation and thickness, porosity) of bone in the defect were quantified with time using microCT. The presence or activity of vascular endothelial cells (CD34), macrophages (F4/80), osteoblasts (alkaline phosphatase [ALP]), and osteoclasts (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase [TRAP]) were evaluated using histochemical analyses. RESULTS Only one of eight defects was bridged completely 6 weeks after surgery in LPS-injected mouse bones compared with seven of nine defects in the control mouse bones (odds ratio [OR], 0.04; 95% CI, 0.003-0.560; p = 0.007). The decrease in cortical bone in LPS-treated mice was reflected in reduced BV/TV (21% ± 4% vs 39% ± 10%; p < 0.01), increased trabecular separation (240 ± 36 μm vs 171 ± 29 μm; p < 0.01), decreased trabecular thickness (81 ± 18 μm vs 110 ± 22 μm; p = 0.02), and porosity (79% ± 4% vs 60% ± 10%; p < 0.01) at 6 weeks postoperative. Defective healing was accompanied by decreased CD34 (1.1 ± 0.6 vs 3.4 ± 0.9; p < 0.01), ALP (1.9 ± 0.9 vs 6.1 ± 3.2; p = 0.03), and TRAP (3.3 ± 4.7 vs 7.2 ± 4.0; p = 0.01) activity, and increased F4/80 (13 ± 2.6 vs 6.8 ± 1.7; p < 0.01) activity at 2 weeks postoperative. CONCLUSION The results indicate that LPS-induced systemic inflammation reduced the amount and impaired the quality of bone regenerated in mouse femurs. The effects were associated with impaired revascularization, decreased bone turnover by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and by increased catabolic activity by macrophages. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results from this preclinical study support clinical observations of impaired primary bone healing in patients with systemic inflammation. Based on our data, local administration of VEGF in the callus to stimulate revascularization, or transplantation of stem cells to enhance bone turnover represent potentially feasible approaches to improve outcomes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Behrends
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000000419368649Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - D. Hui
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000000122889830Microbiology & Immunology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - C. Gao
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000000419368649Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - A. Awlia
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000000419368649Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Y. Al-Saran
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000000419368649Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - A. Li
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - J. E. Henderson
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000000419368649Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000000419368649Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.416099.3000000012218112XBone Engineering Labs, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Surgical Research, C10.148.6, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC H3G 1A4 Canada
| | - P. A. Martineau
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000000419368649Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
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Almeida L, Silva JA, Andrade VM, Machado P, Jamieson SE, Carvalho EM, Blackwell JM, Castellucci LC. Analysis of expression of FLI1 and MMP1 in American cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis infection. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 49:212-220. [PMID: 28119029 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
FLI1 (Friend leukemia virus integration 1) and IL6 (interleukin 6; IL-6) are associated with Leishmania braziliensis susceptibility. Cutaneous lesions show exaggerated matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1). In other skin diseases, FLI1 promoter methylation reduces FLI1 expression, and low FLI1 down-regulates MMP1. IL-6 increases FLI1 expression. We hypothesized that epigenetic regulation of FLI1 in cutaneous leishmaniasis, together with IL-6, might determine MMP1 expression. While generally low (<10%), percent FLI1 promoter methylation was lower (P=0.001) in lesion biopsies than normal skin. Contrary to expectation, a strong positive correlation occurred between FLI1 methylation and gene expression in lesions (r=0.98, P=0.0005) and in IL-6-treated L. braziliensis-infected macrophages (r=0.99, P=0.0004). In silico analysis of the FLI1 promoter revealed co-occurring active H3K27ac and repressive DNA methylation marks to enhance gene expression. FLI1 expression was enhanced between 3 and 24hour post infection in untreated (P=0.0002) and IL-6-treated (P=0.028) macrophages. MMP1 was enhanced in lesion biopsies (P=0.0002), induced (P=0.007) in infected macrophages, but strongly inhibited by IL-6. No correlations occurred between FLI1 and MMP1 expression in lesions or infected macrophages (with/without IL-6). We conclude that MMP1 is regulated by factors other than FLI1, and that the influence of IL-6 on MMP1 was independent of its effect on FLI1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Almeida
- National Institute of Cience and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Brazil and Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Program of Post-graduation in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Juliana A Silva
- National Institute of Cience and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Brazil and Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Program of Post-graduation in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Viviane M Andrade
- National Institute of Cience and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Brazil and Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Program of Post-graduation in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Paulo Machado
- National Institute of Cience and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Brazil and Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Sarra E Jamieson
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Edgar M Carvalho
- National Institute of Cience and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Brazil and Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jenefer M Blackwell
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Pathology and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Léa C Castellucci
- National Institute of Cience and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Brazil and Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Tomaiuolo M, Kottke M, Matheny RW, Reifman J, Mitrophanov AY. Computational identification and analysis of signaling subnetworks with distinct functional roles in the regulation of TNF production. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:826-38. [PMID: 26751842 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00456j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex process driven by the coordinated action of a vast number of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecular mediators. While experimental studies have provided an abundance of information about the properties and mechanisms of action of individual mediators, essential system-level regulatory patterns that determine the time-course of inflammation are not sufficiently understood. In particular, it is not known how the contributions from distinct signaling pathways involved in cytokine regulation combine to shape the overall inflammatory response over different time scales. We investigated the kinetics of the intra- and extracellular signaling network controlling the production of the essential pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and its anti-inflammatory counterpart, interleukin 10 (IL-10), in a macrophage culture. To tackle the intrinsic complexity of the network, we employed a computational modeling approach using the available literature data about specific molecular interactions. Our computational model successfully captured experimentally observed short- and long-term kinetics of key inflammatory mediators. Subsequent model analysis showed that distinct subnetworks regulate IL-10 production by impacting different temporal phases of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. Moreover, the model revealed that functionally similar inhibitory control circuits regulate the early and late activation phases of nuclear factor κB and CREB. Finally, we identified and investigated distinct signaling subnetworks that independently control the peak height and tail height of the TNF temporal trajectories. The knowledge of such subnetwork-specific regulatory effects may facilitate therapeutic interventions aimed at precise modulation of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Tomaiuolo
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, ATTN: MCMR-TT, 504 Scott Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
| | - Melissa Kottke
- Military Performance Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 15 Kansas Street, Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Ronald W Matheny
- Military Performance Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 15 Kansas Street, Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Jaques Reifman
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, ATTN: MCMR-TT, 504 Scott Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
| | - Alexander Y Mitrophanov
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, ATTN: MCMR-TT, 504 Scott Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
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El-Jawhari JJ, Jones E, Giannoudis PV. The roles of immune cells in bone healing; what we know, do not know and future perspectives. Injury 2016; 47:2399-2406. [PMID: 27809990 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Key events occurring during the bone healing include well-orchestrated and complex interactions between immune cells, multipotential stromal cells (MSCs), osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Through three overlapping phases of this physiological process, innate and adaptive immune cells, cytokines and chemokines have a significant role to play. The aim of the escalating immune response is to achieve an osseous healing in the shortest time and with the least complications facilitating the restoration of function. The uninterrupted progression of these biological events in conjunction with a favourable mechanical environment (stable fracture fixation) remains the hallmark of successful fracture healing. When failure occurs, either the biological environment or the mechanical one could have been disrupted. Not infrequently both may be compromised. Consequently, regenerative treatments involving the use of bone autograft, allograft or synthetic matrices supplemented with MSCs are increasingly used. A better understanding of the bone biology and osteoimmunology can help to improve these evolving cell-therapy based strategies. Herein, an up to date status of the role of immune cells during the different phases of bone healing is presented. Additionally, the known and yet to know events about immune cell interactions with MSCs and osteoblasts and osteoclasts and the therapeutic implications are being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan J El-Jawhari
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, St. James Hospital, University of Leeds, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, University of Leeds, UK; Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, St. James Hospital, University of Leeds, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, St. James Hospital, University of Leeds, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, University of Leeds, UK.
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30
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Leute PJF, Hoffmann I, Hammad A, Lakemeier S, Klinger HM, Baums MH. Nicotine consumption may lead to aseptic loosening in proximal mega-prosthetic femoral replacement. J Orthop Traumatol 2016; 18:111-120. [PMID: 27535061 PMCID: PMC5429249 DOI: 10.1007/s10195-016-0426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aseptic loosening after total hip arthroplasty is likely related to nicotine ingestion. However, aseptic loosening as a direct consequence of smoking habits has not been described with regard to proximal mega-prosthetic femoral replacement. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between nicotine consumption and aseptic loosening rates after proximal mega-prosthetic femoral replacement. Materials and methods A consecutive series of patients who received mega-prosthetic replacement of the proximal femur at our hospital between 2005 and 2015 were included. Their files were reviewed and evaluated for the influence of smoking on aseptic loosening rates. All living patients were invited to complete a functional follow-up assessment at our clinic. Results Twenty-six patients with 27 prostheses were included. Five patients were active smokers, and 21 patients were non-smokers. Aseptic loosening was observed in three patients in the smoking group, whereas none of the non-smokers developed aseptic loosening. Fisher’s exact test showed a relationship between nicotine consumption and aseptic loosening of the prostheses (p = 0.003). Conclusions Smoking increases the likelihood of aseptic loosening after proximal mega-prosthetic femoral replacement. Level of evidence Level 4 according to Oxford Centre of Evidence-Based Medicine 2011. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10195-016-0426-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J F Leute
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Isabel Hoffmann
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ahmed Hammad
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Lakemeier
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Klinger
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mike H Baums
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Helios Aukammklinik, Leibnizstraße 21, 65191, Wiesbaden, Germany
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31
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Wei L, Sun Y, Kong XF, Zhang C, Yue T, Zhu Q, He DY, Jiang LD. The effects of dopamine receptor 2 expression on B cells on bone metabolism and TNF-α levels in rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17:352. [PMID: 27542839 PMCID: PMC4992283 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-1220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dopamine receptor 2 (DR2) expressions on B cells from Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients has been found to be negatively correlated with disease activity and can potentially predict the response to treatment. This study aimed to investigate the role of B cell DR2 expression on bone remodeling in RA. Methods Patients with RA (n = 14) or osteoarthritis (OA; n = 12), and healthy controls (n = 12) were recruited for this study. Dopamine receptor (DR) 2 expression was assessed using flow cytometry. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleuin(IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, and bone turnovers, including osteocalcin (OC),serum procollagen type I N propeptide (PINP), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX), collagen type I cross-linked telopeptide (ICTP), as well as matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were measured by electrochemiluminescence, chemiluminescence, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. DR2 expression on synovial B cells from 4 RA patients and 3 OA patients was detected by immunofluorescence. Results There were more DR2+CD19+ B cells in synovial tissues from RA patients than in those from OA patients. The frequency of peripheral B cells that expressed DR2 was positively correlated with plasma TNF-α level. Levels of ICTP and MMP-3 were significantly higher, and OPG were lower in RA patients compared to those in the OA group and healthy controls (all P < 0.05). Conclusion The frequency of B cells that expressed DR2 showed a correlation with levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. DR2+CD19+ B cells in synovial tissues might have a role in bone metabolism and TNF-α production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Road Fenglin, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Road Fenglin, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Fang Kong
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Road Fenglin, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yue
- Department of Rheumatology, Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Yi He
- Department of Rheumatology, Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Di Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Road Fenglin, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Center of evidence based medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Tay C, Liu YH, Hosseini H, Kanellakis P, Cao A, Peter K, Tipping P, Bobik A, Toh BH, Kyaw T. B-cell-specific depletion of tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibits atherosclerosis development and plaque vulnerability to rupture by reducing cell death and inflammation. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 111:385-97. [PMID: 27492217 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS B2 lymphocytes promote atherosclerosis development but their mechanisms of action are unknown. Here, we investigated the role of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) produced by B2 cells in atherogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that 50% of TNF-α-producing spleen lymphocytes were B2 cells and ∼20% of spleen and aortic B cells produced TNF-α in hyperlipidemic ApoE(-/-) mice. We generated mixed bone marrow (80% μMT/20% TNF-α(-/-)) chimeric LDLR(-/-) mice where only B cells did not express TNF-α. Atherosclerosis was reduced in chimeric LDLR(-/-) mice with TNF-α-deficient B cells. TNF-α expression in atherosclerotic lesions and in macrophages were also reduced accompanied by fewer apoptotic cells, reduced necrotic cores, and reduced lesion Fas, interleukin-1β and MCP-1 in mice with TNF-α-deficient B cells compared to mice with TNF-α-sufficient B cells. To confirm that the reduced atherosclerosis is attributable to B2 cells, we transferred wild-type and TNF-α-deficient B2 cells into ApoE(-/-) mice deficient in B cells or in lymphocytes. After 8 weeks of high fat diet, we found that atherosclerosis was increased by wild-type but not TNF-α-deficient B2 cells. Lesions of mice with wild-type B2 cells but not TNF-α-deficient B2 cells also had increased apoptotic cells and necrotic cores. Transferred B2 cells were found in lesions of recipient mice, suggesting that TNF-α-producing B2 cells promote atherosclerosis within lesions. CONCLUSION We conclude that TNF-α produced by B2 cells is a key mechanism by which B2 cells promote atherogenesis through augmenting macrophage TNF-α production to induce cell death and inflammation that promote plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Tay
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences. Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Yu-Han Liu
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Hamid Hosseini
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences. Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Anh Cao
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences. Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Peter Tipping
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences. Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences. Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Tin Kyaw
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences. Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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Lapi D, Chiurazzi M, Di Maro M, Mastantuono T, Battiloro L, Sabatino L, Ricci S, Di Carlo A, Starita N, Guida B, Santillo M, Colantuoni A. Malvidin's Effects on Rat Pial Microvascular Permeability Changes Due to Hypoperfusion and Reperfusion Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:153. [PMID: 27445688 PMCID: PMC4927580 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the malvidin's protective effects on damage induced by 30 min bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) and 60 min reperfusion (RE) in rat pial microcirculation. Rat pial microcirculation was observed using fluorescence microscopy through a closed cranial window. Western blotting analysis was performed to investigate the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), phosphorylated eNOS (p-eNOS) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) expression. Moreover, MMP-9 activity was evaluated by zymography. Finally, neuronal damage and radical oxygen species (ROS) formation were assessed. In all animals, pial arterioles were classified in five orders of branching according to Strahler's method. In hypoperfused rats, 30 min BCCAO and 60 min RE caused a decrease in arteriolar diameter, an increase in microvascular leakage and leukocyte adhesion, accompanied by decreased capillary perfusion and red blood cell velocity (VRBC). Moreover, marked neuronal damage and evident ROS generation were detected. Conversely, malvidin administration induced arteriolar dilation in dose-related manner, reducing microvascular leakage as well as leukocyte adhesion. Capillary perfusion and VRBC were protected. Nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibition significantly attenuated malvidin's effects on arteriolar diameter. Western blotting analysis revealed an increase in eNOS and p-eNOS expression, while zymography indicated a decrease in MMP-9 activity after malvidin's administration. Furthermore, malvidin was able to prevent neuronal damage and to decrease ROS generation. In conclusion, malvidin protects rat pial microcirculation against BCCAO/RE injury, preventing blood-brain impairment and neuronal loss. Malvidin's effects appear to be mediated by eNOS activation and scavenger activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominga Lapi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Chiurazzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Di Maro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Mastantuono
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Battiloro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Lina Sabatino
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio Benevento, Italy
| | - Serena Ricci
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Angelina Di Carlo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Noemy Starita
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Bruna Guida
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Santillo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Colantuoni
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
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Abstract
As the world population rises, osteoporotic fracture is an emerging global threat to the well-being of elderly patients. The process of fracture healing by intramembranous ossification or/and endochondral ossification involve many well-orchestrated events including the signaling, recruitment and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during the early phase; formation of a hard callus and extracellular matrix, angiogenesis and revascularization during the mid-phase; and finally callus remodeling at the late phase of fracture healing. Through clinical and animal research, many of these factors are shown to be impaired in osteoporotic bone. Animal studies related to post-menopausal estrogen deficient osteoporosis (type I) have shown healing to be prolonged with decreased levels of MSCs and decreased levels of angiogenesis. Moreover, the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) was shown to be delayed in ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic fracture. This might be related to the observed difference in mechanical sensitivity between normal and osteoporotic bones, which requires further experiments to elucidate. In mice fracture models related to senile osteoporosis (type II), it was observed that chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation were impaired; and that transplantation of juvenile bone marrow would result in enhanced callus formation. Other factors related to angiogenesis and vasculogenesis have also been noted to be impaired in aged models, affecting the degradation of cartilaginous matrixes and vascular invasion; the result is changes in matrix composition and growth factors concentrations that ultimately impairs healing during age-related osteoporosis. Most osteoporotic related fractures occur at metaphyseal sites clinically, and reports have indicated that differences exist between diaphyseal and metaphyseal fractures. An animal model that satisfies three main criteria (metaphyseal region, plate fixation, osteoporosis) is suggested for future research for more comprehensive understanding of the impairment in osteoporotic fractures. Therefore, a metaphyseal fracture or osteotomy that achieves complete discontinuity fixed with metal implants is suggested on ovariectomized aged rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Hoi Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Theodore Miclau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco/San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA94110, United States
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Frank F Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco/San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA94110, United States
| | - Volker Alt
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Giessen University Hospital, Giessen-Marburg, Germany
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Wang J, Sun H, Fu Z, Liu M. Chondroprotective effects of alpha-lipoic acid in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:767-80. [PMID: 27055478 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1174775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) confers a chondroprotective effect on articular cartilage in rats with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Fifty male SD rats were divided into five groups, including SHAM-operated, MIA-induced OA, and three experimental groups treated with 50-, 100-, or 200-mg/kg ALA. After 14 d of ALA treatment, rats were sacrificed for joint macroscopic and histology assessments. The gene and protein expressions of markers related to chondrocyte phenotype, caspase proteins, NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), p22(phox), activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were measured by Western blot analyses or qRT-PCR. RESULTS The results showed that MIA injection successfully induced OA by causing cartilage degeneration. Morphological and histological examinations demonstrated that ALA treatment, especially 200 mg/kg of ALA, significantly ameliorated cartilage degeneration in rats with MIA-induced OA. ALA could effectively increase the levels of the collagen type II and aggrecan genes and inhibit apoptosis-related proteins expression. ALA reduced biomakers of oxidative damage and over-expression levels of Nox4 and p22(phox). ALA also suppressed ER stress and inhibited the activation of NF-κB pathway. Moreover, ALA obviously inhibited TNF-α secretion and Wnt/β-catenin signaling way. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that ALA might be a potential therapeutic agent for the protection of articular cartilage against progression of OA through inhibition of oxidative stress, ER stress, inflammatory cytokine secretion, and Wnt/β-catenin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- a Department of Orthopaedics , First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Huijun Sun
- b Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Zhuodong Fu
- a Department of Orthopaedics , First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Mozhen Liu
- a Department of Orthopaedics , First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
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Ogai K, Matsumoto M, Aoki M, Minematsu T, Kitamura K, Kobayashi M, Sanada H, Sugama J. Increased level of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on the skin of Japanese obese males: measured by quantitative skin blotting. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 38:462-9. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Ogai
- Wellness Promotion Science Center; Institute of Medical; Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
| | - M. Matsumoto
- Wellness Promotion Science Center; Institute of Medical; Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
- Division of Health Science; Department of Clinical Nursing; Graduate School of Medicine; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
| | - M. Aoki
- Division of Health Science; Department of Clinical Nursing; Graduate School of Medicine; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
| | - T. Minematsu
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 1130033 Japan
| | - K. Kitamura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
| | - M. Kobayashi
- Wellness Promotion Science Center; Institute of Medical; Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
| | - H. Sanada
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 1130033 Japan
| | - J. Sugama
- Wellness Promotion Science Center; Institute of Medical; Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
- Division of Health Science; Department of Clinical Nursing; Graduate School of Medicine; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
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Schira J, Schulte M, Döbele C, Wallner C, Abraham S, Daigeler A, Kneser U, Lehnhardt M, Behr B. Human scaphoid non-unions exhibit increased osteoclast activity compared to adjacent cancellous bone. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2842-50. [PMID: 26416438 PMCID: PMC4687713 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaphoid bones have a high prevalence for non-union. Even with adequate treatment, bone regeneration may not occur in certain instances. Although this condition is well described, the molecular pathology of scaphoid non-unions is still poorly defined. In this study, gene expression of osteogenic and angiogenic growth and transcription factors as well as inflammatory mediators were analysed in human scaphoid non-unions and intraindividually compared to adjacent autologous cancellous bone from the distal radius. In addition, histology and immunohistochemical stainings were performed to verify qRT-PCR data. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant up-regulation of RANKL, ALP, CYCLIN D1, MMP-13, OPG, NFATc1, TGF-β and WNT5A in scaphoid non-unions. Interestingly, RANKL and NFATc1, both markers for osteoclastogenesis, were significantly induced in non-unions. Moreover, WNT5A was highly up-regulated in all non-union samples. TRAP staining confirmed the observation of induced osteoclastogenesis in non-unions. With respect to genes related to osteogenesis, alkaline phosphatase was significantly up-regulated in scaphoid non-unions. No differences were detectable for other osteogenic genes such as RUNX-2 or BMP-2. Importantly, we did not detect differences in angiogenesis between scaphoid non-unions and controls in both gene expression and immunohistochemistry. Summarized, our data indicate increased osteoclast activity in scaphoid non-unions possibly as a result of the alterations in RANKL, TGF-β and WNT5A expression levels. These data increase our understanding for the reduced bone regeneration capacity present in scaphoid non-unions and may translate into the identification of new therapeutic targets to avoid secondary damages and prevent occurrence of non-unions to scaphoid bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schira
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Schulte
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG Trauma Hospital Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Carmen Döbele
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG Trauma Hospital Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wallner
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephanie Abraham
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Adrien Daigeler
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG Trauma Hospital Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Marcus Lehnhardt
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Björn Behr
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Karnes JM, Daffner SD, Watkins CM. Multiple roles of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in fracture healing. Bone 2015; 78:87-93. [PMID: 25959413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review presents a summary of basic science evidence examining the influence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on secondary fracture healing. Multiple studies suggest that TNF-α, in combination with the host reservoir of peri-fracture mesenchymal stem cells, is a main determinant in the success of bone healing. Disease states associated with poor bone healing commonly have inappropriate TNF-α responses, which likely contributes to the higher incidence of delayed and nonunions in these patient populations. Appreciation of TNF-α in fracture healing may lead to new therapies to augment recovery and reduce the incidence of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Karnes
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.
| | - Scott D Daffner
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.
| | - Colleen M Watkins
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.
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Broggini T, Wüstner M, Harms C, Stange L, Blaes J, Thomé C, Harms U, Mueller S, Weiler M, Wick W, Vajkoczy P, Czabanka M. NDRG1 overexpressing gliomas are characterized by reduced tumor vascularization and resistance to antiangiogenic treatment. Cancer Lett 2015; 380:568-576. [PMID: 26297987 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-regulated molecules play an important role in vascular resistance to antiangiogenic treatment. N-myc downstream-regulated-gene 1 (NDRG1) is significantly upregulated during hypoxia in glioma. It was the aim of the present study to analyze the role of NDRG1 on glioma angiogenesis and on antiangiogenic treatment. Orthotopically implanted NDRG1 glioma showed reduced tumor growth and vessel density compared to controls. RT-PCR gene array analysis revealed a 30-fold TNFSF15 increase in NDRG1 tumors. Consequently, the supernatant from NDRG1 transfected U87MG glioma cells resulted in reduced HUVEC proliferation, migration and angiogenic response in tube formation assays in vitro. This effect was provoked by increased TNFSF15 promoter activity in NDRG1 cells. Mutations in NF-κB and AP-1 promoter response elements suppressed TNFSF15 promoter activity. Moreover, U87MG glioma NDRG1 knockdown supernatant contained multiple proangiogenic proteins and increased HUVEC spheroid sprouting. Sunitinib treatment of orhotopically implanted mice reduced tumor volume and vessel density in controls; in NDRG1 overexpressing cells no reduction of tumor volume or vessel density was observed. NDRG1 overexpression leads to reduced tumor growth and angiogenesis in experimental glioma via upregulation of TNFSF15. In NDRG1 overexpressing glioma antiangiogenic treatment does not yield a therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Broggini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurochirurgische Klinik - Universitätsmedizin Charite, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Wüstner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurochirurgische Klinik - Universitätsmedizin Charite, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Harms
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Charite, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Stange
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurochirurgische Klinik - Universitätsmedizin Charite, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Blaes
- Department of Neurooncology, Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - Carina Thomé
- Department of Neurooncology, Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - Ulrike Harms
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Charite, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Mueller
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Charite, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Weiler
- Department of Neurooncology, Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neurooncology, Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurochirurgische Klinik - Universitätsmedizin Charite, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Czabanka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurochirurgische Klinik - Universitätsmedizin Charite, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Kamimura M, Mori Y, Sugahara-Tobinai A, Takai T, Itoi E. Impaired Fracture Healing Caused by Deficiency of the Immunoreceptor Adaptor Protein DAP12. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128210. [PMID: 26030755 PMCID: PMC4452492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts play an important role in bone metabolism, but their exact role in fracture healing remains unclear. DAP12 is an immunoadaptor protein with associated immunoreceptors on myeloid lineage cells, including osteoclasts. Its deficiency causes osteopetrosis due to suppression of osteoclast development and activation. In this report, we assessed the impact of DAP12 on the fracture healing process using C57BL/6 (B6) and DAP12–/– mice. Healing was evaluated using radiography, micro-CT, histology, immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR. Radiography showed lower callus volume and lower callus radiolucency in DAP12–/– mice during later stages. Micro-CT images and quantitative structural analysis indicated that DAP12–/– mice developed calluses of dense trabecular structures and experienced deteriorated cortical shell formation on the surface. Histologically, DAP12–/– mice showed less cartilaginous resorption and woven bone formation. In addition, prominent cortical shell formation was much less in DAP12–/– mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed lower invasion of F4/80 positive monocytes and macrophages into the fracture hematoma in DAP12–/– mice. The expression levels of Col1a1, Col2a1 and Col10a1 in DAP12–/– mice increased and subsequently became higher than those in B6 mice. There was a decrease in the gene expression of Tnf during the early stages in DAP12–/– mice. Our results indicate that DAP12 deficiency impairs fracture healing, suggesting a significant role of DAP12 in the initial inflammatory response, bone remodeling and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kamimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine 1–1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yu Mori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine 1–1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Akiko Sugahara-Tobinai
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takai
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Eiji Itoi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine 1–1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Zigdon-Giladi H, Rudich U, Michaeli Geller G, Evron A. Recent advances in bone regeneration using adult stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:630-640. [PMID: 25914769 PMCID: PMC4404397 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i3.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a highly vascularized tissue reliant on the close spatial and temporal association between blood vessels and bone cells. Therefore, cells that participate in vasculogenesis and osteogenesis play a pivotal role in bone formation during prenatal and postnatal periods. Nevertheless, spontaneous healing of bone fracture is occasionally impaired due to insufficient blood and cellular supply to the site of injury. In these cases, bone regeneration process is interrupted, which might result in delayed union or even nonunion of the fracture. Nonunion fracture is difficult to treat and have a high financial impact. In the last decade, numerous technological advancements in bone tissue engineering and cell-therapy opened new horizon in the field of bone regeneration. This review starts with presentation of the biological processes involved in bone development, bone remodeling, fracture healing process and the microenvironment at bone healing sites. Then, we discuss the rationale for using adult stem cells and listed the characteristics of the available cells for bone regeneration. The mechanism of action and epigenetic regulations for osteogenic differentiation are also described. Finally, we review the literature for translational and clinical trials that investigated the use of adult stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells and CD34+ blood progenitors) for bone regeneration.
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42
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Bragdon B, Lybrand K, Gerstenfeld L. Overview of biological mechanisms and applications of three murine models of bone repair: closed fracture with intramedullary fixation, distraction osteogenesis, and marrow ablation by reaming. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOUSE BIOLOGY 2015; 5:21-34. [PMID: 25727198 PMCID: PMC4358754 DOI: 10.1002/9780470942390.mo140166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fractures are one of the most common large-organ, traumatic injuries in humans, and osteoporosis-related fractures are the fastest growing health care problem of aging. Elective orthopedic surgeries of the bones and joints also represent some of most common forms of elective surgeries performed. Optimal repair of skeletal tissues is necessary for successful outcomes of these many different orthopedic surgical treatments. Research focused on post-natal skeletal repair is therefore of immense clinical importance and of particular relevance in situations in which bone tissue healing is compromised due to the extent of tissue trauma or specific medical co-morbidities. Three commonly used murine surgical models of bone healing, closed fracture with intramedullary fixation, distraction osteogenesis (DO), and marrow ablation by reaming, are presented. The biological aspects of these models are contrasted and the types of research questions that may be addressed with these models are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Bragdon
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine. Department of Orthopeadic Surgery Boston University Medical Center
| | - Kyle Lybrand
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine. Department of Orthopeadic Surgery Boston University Medical Center
| | - Louis Gerstenfeld
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine. Department of Orthopeadic Surgery Boston University Medical Center
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Bahney CS, Hu DP, Miclau T, Marcucio RS. The multifaceted role of the vasculature in endochondral fracture repair. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:4. [PMID: 25699016 PMCID: PMC4318416 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fracture healing is critically dependent upon an adequate vascular supply. The normal rate for fracture delayed or non-union is estimated to be between 10 and 15%, and annual fracture numbers are approximately 15 million cases per year. However, when there is decreased vascular perfusion to the fracture, incidence of impaired healing rises dramatically to 46%. Reduction in the blood supply to the fracture can be the result of traumatic injuries that physically disrupt the vasculature and damage supportive soft tissue, the result of anatomical location (i.e., distal tibia), or attributed to physiological conditions such as age, diabetes, or smoking. The role of the vasculature during repair is multifaceted and changes during the course of healing. In this article, we review recent insights into the role of the vasculature during fracture repair. Taken together these data highlight the need for an updated model for endochondral repair to facilitate improved therapeutic approaches to promote bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea S. Bahney
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Material Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- *Correspondence: Chelsea S. Bahney, 2550 23rd Street, Building 9, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA, USA e-mail:
| | - Diane P. Hu
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Theodore Miclau
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ralph S. Marcucio
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Gómez-Barrena E, Rosset P, Lozano D, Stanovici J, Ermthaller C, Gerbhard F. Bone fracture healing: cell therapy in delayed unions and nonunions. Bone 2015; 70:93-101. [PMID: 25093266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone fracture healing impairment related to mechanical problems has been largely corrected by advances in fracture management. Better protocols, more strict controls of time and function, and hardware and surgical technique evolution have contributed to better prognosis, even in complex fractures. However, atrophic nonunion persists in clinical cases where, for different reasons, the osteogenic capability is impaired. When this is the case, a better understanding of the basic mechanisms under bone repair and augmentation techniques may put in perspective the current possibilities and future opportunities. Among those, cell therapy particularly aims to correct this insufficient osteogenesis. However, the launching of safe and efficacious cell therapies still requires substantial amount of research, especially clinical trials. This review will envisage the current clinical trials on bone healing augmentation based on cell therapy, with the experience provided by the REBORNE Project, and the insight from investigator-driven clinical trials on advanced therapies towards the future. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Stem Cells and Bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Gómez-Barrena
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital La Paz-IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Philippe Rosset
- Service of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, CHU Tours, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France; Inserm U957, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives (LPRO), Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, France
| | - Daniel Lozano
- Metabolic Bone Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria FJD, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julien Stanovici
- Service of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, CHU Tours, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France; Inserm U957, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives (LPRO), Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, France
| | - Christian Ermthaller
- Klinik für Unfallchirurgie-, Hand-, Plastische und Wiederherstellungschirurgie Zentrum für Chirurgie Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Gerbhard
- Klinik für Unfallchirurgie-, Hand-, Plastische und Wiederherstellungschirurgie Zentrum für Chirurgie Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Lamprou M, Kaspiris A, Panagiotopoulos E, Giannoudis PV, Papadimitriou E. The role of pleiotrophin in bone repair. Injury 2014; 45:1816-23. [PMID: 25456495 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone has an enormous capacity for growth, regeneration, and remodelling, largely due to induction of osteoblasts that are recruited to the site of bone formation. Although the pathways involved have not been fully elucidated, it is well accepted that the immediate environment of the cells is likely to play a role via cell–matrix interactions, mediated by several growth factors. Formation of new blood vessels is also significant and interdependent to bone formation, suggesting that enhancement of angiogenesis could be beneficial during the process of bone repair. Pleiotrophin (PTN), also called osteoblast-specific factor 1, is a heparin-binding angiogenic growth factor, with a well-defined and significant role in both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. In this review we summarise the existing evidence on the role of PTN in bone repair.
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Campos TM, Passos ST, Novais FO, Beiting DP, Costa RS, Queiroz A, Mosser D, Scott P, Carvalho EM, Carvalho LP. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 production by monocytes is enhanced by TNF and participates in the pathology of human cutaneous Leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3282. [PMID: 25393535 PMCID: PMC4230914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) due to L.braziliensis infection is characterized by a strong inflammatory response with high levels of TNF and ulcer development. Less attention has been given to the role of mononuclear phagocytes to this process. Monocytes constitute a heterogeneous population subdivided into classical, intermediate and non-classical, and are known to migrate to inflammatory sites and secrete inflammatory mediators. TNF participates in the induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMP-9 is an enzyme that degrades basal membrane and its activity is controlled by the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase. Methods Mononuclear cells were obtained from ex-vivo labeling sub-populations of monocytes and MMP-9, and the frequency was determined by flow cytometry. Culture was performed during 72 hours, stimulating the cells with SLA, levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the supernatants were determined by ELISA. Results We observed that cells from CL lesions secrete high amounts of MMP-9 when compared to healthy subjects. Although MMP-9 was produced by monocytes, non-classical ones were the main source of this enzyme. We also observed that TNF produced in high level during CL contributes to MMP-9 production. Conclusions These observations emphasize the role of monocytes, TNF and MMP-9 in the pathogenesis of L. braziliensis infection. To examine the participation of MMP-9 in the pathogenesis of L. braziliensis infection, we realized a cross-sectional study with CL patients in an early phase of the disease or with a classical ulcer, and healthy controls. We evaluated the frequency of MMP-9 in monocyte subsets and its mechanism of production. Our results showed that monocytes were the major cells producing MMP-9. The MMP-9 production by CL patients was presented in higher levels when compared with healthy subjects and early cutaneous leishmaniasis (ECL) patients, and the levels of MMP-9 inhibitor, TIMP-1, were lower in CL patients when compared to healthy subjects. The production of MMP-9 was enhanced by TNF, a cytokine associated with tissue damage in CL patients. Thus, therapeutic modulation of MMP-9 may be a useful approach for improving disease outcome in L. braziliensis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís M. Campos
- Serviço de Imunologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sara T. Passos
- Serviço de Imunologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia – Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda O. Novais
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Daniel P. Beiting
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rúbia S. Costa
- Serviço de Imunologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Adriano Queiroz
- Serviço de Imunologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - David Mosser
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Phillip Scott
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Edgar M. Carvalho
- Serviço de Imunologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia – Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lucas P. Carvalho
- Serviço de Imunologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia – Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Paiva KBS, Granjeiro JM. Bone tissue remodeling and development: Focus on matrix metalloproteinase functions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 561:74-87. [PMID: 25157440 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Schmidt-Bleek K, Petersen A, Dienelt A, Schwarz C, Duda GN. Initiation and early control of tissue regeneration - bone healing as a model system for tissue regeneration. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:247-59. [PMID: 24397854 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.857653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tissue regeneration in itself is a fascinating process that promises repeated renewal of tissue and organs. AREAS COVERED This article aims to illustrate the different strategies available to control tissue regeneration at a very early stage, using bone as an exemplary tissue. The aspects of a controlled inflammatory cascade to achieve a balanced immune response, cell therapeutic approaches for improved tissue formation and angiogenesis, guiding the organization of newly formed extracellular matrix by biomaterials, the relevance of mechanical signals for tissue regeneration processes, and the chances and limitations of growth factor treatments are discussed. EXPERT OPINION The currently available knowledge is reviewed and perspectives for potential new targets are given. This is done under the assumption that early identification of risk patients as well as the application of early intervention strategies is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery , Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin , Germany +49 30 450 536196 ; +49 30 450 559969 ;
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Liu X, Zhang R, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Si H, Li X, Liu L. The effect of Astragalus extractive on alveolar bone rebuilding progress of tooth extracted socket of ovariectomied rats. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2014; 11:91-8. [PMID: 25395711 PMCID: PMC4202524 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i5.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is an estrogen deficiency condition that causes severe loss of bone mass in the vertebrae and long bones. We explored the effect and the possible underlying mechanism of the extracts of Astragalus (AE) on the tooth alveolar bone rebuilding progress of postmenopausal osteoporosis of PMO animal models. MATERIAL AND METHODS The PMO models were acquired by ovariectomy. After 8 weeks the first left maxillary molars of the rats were extracted and AE was administered orally for 8 weeks. Then the histological morphology and the transcription and expression of TGF-β1 and TNF-α in the tooth extracted socket were detected by HE dying, QRT-PCR and ELISA. RESULTS The results showed that the new bone volume and TGF-β1 was significantly lower in PMO group than the control group and AE group at the observing period. At the same time TNF-α in PMO group was significantly higher than the other two groups. Moreover AE group had no significant differences with the control group in all data at the observing period. CONCLUSION AE has positive effect on alveolar bone rebuilding progress of tooth extracted socket of PMO rats. AE also has the potential to enhance the expression of TGF-β1 and decrease the expression of TNF-α of the rebuilding tooth extracted socket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Liu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Runju Zhang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanli Yang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongling Si
- Stomatology Hospital?Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Stomatology Hospital?Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Liu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Thompson EM, Matsiko A, Farrell E, Kelly DJ, O'Brien FJ. Recapitulating endochondral ossification: a promising route toin vivobone regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 9:889-902. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmet M. Thompson
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; Dublin Ireland
| | - Amos Matsiko
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; Dublin Ireland
| | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC; University Medical Centre Rotterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; Dublin Ireland
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