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Judkins CP, Wang Y, Jelinic M, Bobik A, Vinh A, Sobey CG, Drummond GR. Association of constipation with increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular events in elderly Australian patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10943. [PMID: 37414864 PMCID: PMC10326061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between constipation and cardiovascular risk is unclear. This population-level matched cohort study compared the association of constipation with hypertension and incident cardiovascular events in 541,172 hospitalized patients aged ≥ 60 years. For each constipation admission, one exact age-matched non-constipated admission was randomly selected from all hospitalizations within 2 weeks to form the comparison cohort. The association of constipation with hypertension and cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, angina, stroke and transient ischemic attack) were analysed using a series of binary logistic regressions adjusting for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, gastrointestinal disorders and sociological factors. Patients with constipation had a higher multivariate-adjusted risk for hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.94-1.99; P < 0.001). Compared to patients with neither constipation nor hypertension, there was a higher multivariate-adjusted risk for cardiovascular events in patients with constipation alone (OR, 1.58; 95% CI 1.55-1.61; P < 0.001) or hypertension alone (OR, 6.12; 95% CI 5.99-6.26; P < 0.001). In patients with both constipation and hypertension, the risk for all cardiovascular events appeared to be additive (OR, 6.53; 95% CI 6.40-6.66; P < 0.001). In conclusion, among hospital patients aged 60 years or older, constipation is linked to an increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular events. These findings suggest that interventions to address constipation may reduce cardiovascular risk in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney P Judkins
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research and Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine & Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Yutang Wang
- Discipline of Life Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, 3350, Australia
| | - Maria Jelinic
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research and Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine & Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research and Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine & Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Antony Vinh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research and Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine & Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research and Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine & Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research and Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine & Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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2
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Figueiredo Galvao HB, Dinh QN, Thomas JM, Wassef F, Diep H, Bobik A, Sobey CG, Drummond GR, Vinh A. Proteasome inhibition reduces plasma cell and antibody secretion, but not angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1184982. [PMID: 37332591 PMCID: PMC10272792 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1184982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Depletion of mature B cells affords protection against experimental hypertension. However, whether B cell-mediated hypertension is dependent on differentiation into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) remains unclear. Using the proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, the present study tested the effect of ASC reduction on angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Methods Male C57BL6/J mice were infused with angiotensin II (0.7 mg/kg/day; s.c.) for 28 days via osmotic minipump to induce hypertension. Normotensive control mice received saline infusion. Bortezomib (750 μg/kg) or vehicle (0.1% DMSO) was administered (i.v.) 3 days prior to minipump implantation, and twice weekly thereafter. Systolic blood pressure was measured weekly using tail-cuff plethysmography. Spleen and bone marrow B1 (CD19+B220-), B2 (B220+CD19+) and ASCs (CD138hiSca-1+Blimp-1+) were enumerated by flow cytometry. Serum immunoglobulins were quantified using a bead-based immunoassay. Results Bortezomib treatment reduced splenic ASCs by ∼68% and ∼64% compared to vehicle treatment in normotensive (2.00 ± 0.30 vs. 0.64 ± 0.15 × 105 cells; n = 10-11) and hypertensive mice (0.52 ± 0.11 vs. 0.14 ± 0.02 × 105 cells; n = 9-11), respectively. Bone marrow ASCs were also reduced by bortezomib in both normotensive (4.75 ± 1.53 vs. 1.71 ± 0.41 × 103 cells; n = 9-11) and hypertensive mice (4.12 ± 0.82 vs. 0.89 ± 0.18 × 103 cells; n = 9-11). Consistent with ASC reductions, bortezomib reduced serum IgM and IgG2a in all mice. Despite these reductions in ASCs and antibody levels, bortezomib did not affect angiotensin II-induced hypertension over 28 days (vehicle: 182 ± 4 mmHg vs. bortezomib: 177 ± 7 mmHg; n = 9-11). Conclusion Reductions in ASCs and circulating IgG2a and IgM did not ameliorate experimental hypertension, suggesting other immunoglobulin isotypes or B cell effector functions may promote angiotensin II-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hericka Bruna Figueiredo Galvao
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Quynh Nhu Dinh
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jordyn M. Thomas
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Flavia Wassef
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Henry Diep
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Prahran, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Prahran, Australia
| | - Grant R. Drummond
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Prahran, Australia
| | - Antony Vinh
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Kyaw T, Drummond G, Bobik A. Interferon regulatory factor 4 a master regulator of hypertensive kidney fibrosis and inflammation? J Hypertens 2023; 41:906-908. [PMID: 37139693 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton
| | - Grant Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, La Trobe University Bundoora
| | - Alex Bobik
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myocarditis is a severe lymphocyte-mediated inflammatory disorder of the heart, mostly caused by viruses and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Recently, myocarditis as a rare adverse event of mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 has caused global attention. The clinical consequences of myocarditis can be very severe, but specific treatment options are lacking or not yet clinically proven. AREAS COVERED This paper offers a brief overview of the biology of viruses that frequently cause myocarditis, focusing on mechanisms important for viral entry and replication following host infection. Current and new potential therapeutic targets/strategies especially for viral myocarditis are reviewed systematically. In particular, the immune system in myocarditis is dissected with respect to infective viral and non-infective, ICI-induced myocarditis. EXPERT OPINION Vaccination is an excellent emerging preventative strategy for viral myocarditis, but most vaccines still require further development. Anti-viral treatments that inhibit viral replication need to be considered following viral infection in host myocardium, as lower viral load reduces inflammation severity. Understanding how the immune system continues to damage the heart even after viral clearance will define novel therapeutic targets/strategies. We propose that viral myocarditis can be best treated using a combination of antiviral agents and immunotherapies that control cytotoxic T cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Grant Drummond
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University Melbourne Australia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Heart Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University Melbourne Australia
- Heart Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University Melbourne Australia
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Chen YC, Smith M, Ying YL, Makridakis M, Noonan J, Kanellakis P, Rai A, Salim A, Murphy A, Bobik A, Vlahou A, Greening DW, Peter K. Quantitative proteomic landscape of unstable atherosclerosis identifies molecular signatures and therapeutic targets for plaque stabilization. Commun Biol 2023; 6:265. [PMID: 36914713 PMCID: PMC10011552 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture leading to myocardial infarction is a major global health burden. Applying the tandem stenosis (TS) mouse model, which distinctively exhibits the characteristics of human plaque instability/rupture, we use quantitative proteomics to understand and directly compare unstable and stable atherosclerosis. Our data highlight the disparate natures and define unique protein signatures of unstable and stable atherosclerosis. Key proteins and pathway networks are identified such as the innate immune system, and neutrophil degranulation. The latter includes calprotectin S100A8/A9, which we validate in mouse and human unstable plaques, and we demonstrate the plaque-stabilizing effects of its inhibition. Overall, we provide critical insights into the unique proteomic landscape of unstable atherosclerosis (as distinct from stable atherosclerosis and vascular tissue). We further establish the TS model as a reliable preclinical tool for the discovery and testing of plaque-stabilizing drugs. Finally, we provide a knowledge resource defining unstable atherosclerosis that will facilitate the identification and validation of long-sought-after therapeutic targets and drugs for plaque stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Chen
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Meaghan Smith
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ya-Lan Ying
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Manousos Makridakis
- Proteomics Research Unit, Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jonathan Noonan
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alin Rai
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Agus Salim
- Department of Bioinformatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Murphy
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Haematopoiseis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Proteomics Research Unit, Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - David W Greening
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Brassington K, Kanellakis P, Cao A, Toh BH, Peter K, Bobik A, Kyaw T. Crosstalk between cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and stressed cardiomyocytes triggers development of interstitial cardiac fibrosis in hypertensive mouse hearts. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1040233. [PMID: 36483558 PMCID: PMC9724649 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1040233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Cardiac fibrosis is central to heart failure (HF), especially HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), often caused by hypertension. Despite fibrosis causing diastolic dysfunction and impaired electrical conduction, responsible for arrhythmia-induced sudden cardiac death, the mechanisms are poorly defined and effective therapies are lacking. Here we show that crosstalk between cardiac cytotoxic memory CD8+ T cells and overly stressed cardiomyocytes is essential for development of non-ischemic hypertensive cardiac fibrosis. Methods and results CD8 T cell depletion in hypertensive mice, strongly attenuated CF, reduced cardiac apoptosis and improved ventricular relaxation. Interaction between cytotoxic memory CD8+ T cells and overly stressed cardiomyocytes is highly dependent on the CD8+ T cells expressing the innate stress-sensing receptor NKG2D and stressed cardiomyocytes expressing the NKG2D activating ligand RAE-1. The interaction between NKG2D and RAE-1 results in CD8+ T cell activation, release of perforin, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, increased numbers of TGF-β1 expressing macrophages and fibrosis. Deleting NKG2D or perforin from CD8+ T cells greatly attenuates these effects. Activation of the cytoplasmic DNA-STING-TBK1-IRF3 signaling pathway in overly stressed cardiomyocytes is responsible for elevating RAE-1 and MCP-1, a macrophage attracting chemokine. Inhibiting STING activation greatly attenuates cardiomyocyte RAE-1 expression, the cardiomyocyte apoptosis, TGF-β1 and fibrosis. Conclusion Our data highlight a novel pathway by which CD8 T cells contribute to an early triggering mechanism in CF development; preventing CD8+ T cell activation by inhibiting the cardiomyocyte RAE-1-CD8+ T cell-NKG2D axis holds promise for novel therapeutic strategies to limit hypertensive cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Brassington
- Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anh Cao
- Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tin Kyaw
- Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,*Correspondence: Tin Kyaw,
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7
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Mehta S, Bongcaron V, Nguyen TK, Jirwanka Y, Maluenda A, Walsh APG, Palasubramaniam J, Hulett MD, Srivastava R, Bobik A, Wang X, Peter K. An Ultrasound-Responsive Theranostic Cyclodextrin-Loaded Nanoparticle for Multimodal Imaging and Therapy for Atherosclerosis. Small 2022; 18:e2200967. [PMID: 35710979 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Left undiagnosed and untreated, atherosclerotic plaques can rupture and cause cardiovascular complications such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Atherosclerotic plaques are composed of lipids, including oxidized low-density lipoproteins and cholesterol crystals, and immune cells, including macrophages. 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (CD) is FDA-approved for capturing, solubilizing, and delivering lipophilic drugs in humans. It is also known to dissolve cholesterol crystals and decrease atherosclerotic plaque size. However, its low retention time necessitates high dosages for successful therapy. This study reports CD delivery via air-trapped polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles (with diameters of 388 ± 34 nm) loaded with CD (CDNPs). The multimodal contrast ability of these nanoparticles after being loaded with IR780 dye in mice is demonstrated using ultrasound and near-infrared imaging. It is shown that CDNPs enhance the cellular uptake of CD in murine cells. In an ApoE-/- mouse model of atherosclerosis, treatment with CDNPs significantly improves the anti-atherosclerotic efficacy of CD. Ultrasound triggering further improves CD uptake, highlighting that CDNPs can be used for ultrasound imaging and ultrasound-responsive CD delivery. Thus, CDNPs represent a theranostic nanocarrier for potential application in patients with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Mehta
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, 400076, India
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay - Monash Research Academy, Powai, 400076, India
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Viktoria Bongcaron
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Tien K Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Yugandhara Jirwanka
- Toxicology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, 400012, India
| | - Ana Maluenda
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Aidan P G Walsh
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Jathushan Palasubramaniam
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Mark D Hulett
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, 400076, India
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay - Monash Research Academy, Powai, 400076, India
| | - Alex Bobik
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
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Searle AK, Chen YC, Wallert M, McFadyen J, Maluenda A, Noonan J, Kanellakis P, Zaldivia MT, Huang A, Lioe H, Biondo M, Nolte MW, Rossato P, Bobik A, Panousis C, Wang X, Hosseini H, Peter K. Pharmacological inhibition of Factor XIIa attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm, reduces atherosclerosis, and stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques. Thromb Haemost 2021; 122:196-207. [PMID: 34619795 PMCID: PMC8820844 DOI: 10.1055/a-1663-8208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background
3F7 is a monoclonal antibody targeting the enzymatic pocket of activated factor XII (FXIIa), thereby inhibiting its catalytic activity. Given the emerging role of FXIIa in promoting thromboinflammation, along with its apparent redundancy for hemostasis, the selective inhibition of FXIIa represents a novel and highly attractive approach targeting pathogenic processes that cause thromboinflammation-driven cardiovascular diseases.
Methods
The effects of FXIIa inhibition were investigated using three distinct mouse models of cardiovascular disease—angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), an ApoE
−/−
model of atherosclerosis, and a tandem stenosis model of atherosclerotic plaque instability. 3F7 or its isotype control, BM4, was administered to mice (10 mg/kg) on alternate days for 4 to 8 weeks, depending on the experimental model. Mice were examined for the development and size of AAAs, or the burden and instability of atherosclerosis and associated markers of inflammation.
Results
Inhibition of FXIIa resulted in a reduced incidence of larger AAAs, with less acute aortic ruptures and an associated fibro-protective phenotype. FXIIa inhibition also decreased stable atherosclerotic plaque burden and achieved plaque stabilization associated with increased deposition of fibrous structures, a >2-fold thicker fibrous cap, increased cap-to-core ratio, and reduction in localized and systemic inflammatory markers.
Conclusion
Inhibition of FXIIa attenuates disease severity across three mouse models of thromboinflammation-driven cardiovascular diseases. Specifically, the FXIIa-inhibiting monoclonal antibody 3F7 reduces AAA severity, inhibits the development of atherosclerosis, and stabilizes vulnerable plaques. Ultimately, clinical trials in patients with cardiovascular diseases such as AAA and atherosclerosis are warranted to demonstrate the therapeutic potential of FXIIa inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Searle
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart Research Institute - BHRI, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yung Chih Chen
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart Research Institute - BHRI, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maria Wallert
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart Research Institute - BHRI, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James McFadyen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ana Maluenda
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart Research Institute - BHRI, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan Noonan
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart Research Institute - BHRI, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- Atherosclerosis and Cell Biology, Baker Heart Research Institute - BHRI, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maria Tk Zaldivia
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart Research Institute - BHRI, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angela Huang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hadi Lioe
- Bio21 Institute, CSL Limited, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mark Biondo
- Bio21 Institute, CSL Limited, Parkville, Australia
| | | | | | - Alex Bobik
- Atherosclerosis and Cell Biology, Baker Heart Research Institute - BHRI, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Con Panousis
- Bio21 Institute, CSL Limited, Parkville, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hamid Hosseini
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart Research Institute - BHRI, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart Research Institute - BHRI, Melbourne, Australia
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Kyaw T, Loveland P, Kanellakis P, Cao A, Kallies A, Huang AL, Peter K, Toh BH, Bobik A. Alarmin-activated B cells accelerate murine atherosclerosis after myocardial infarction via plasma cell-immunoglobulin-dependent mechanisms. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:938-947. [PMID: 33338208 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Myocardial infarction (MI) accelerates atherosclerosis and greatly increases the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events for many years, in particular, strokes and MIs. Because B cell-derived autoantibodies produced in response to MI also persist for years, we investigated the role of B cells in adaptive immune responses to MI. METHODS AND RESULTS We used an apolipoprotein-E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mouse model of MI-accelerated atherosclerosis to assess the importance of B cells. One week after inducing MI in atherosclerotic mice, we depleted B cells using an anti-CD20 antibody. This treatment prevented subsequent immunoglobulin G accumulation in plaques and MI-induced accelerated atherosclerosis. In gain of function experiments, we purified spleen B cells from mice 1 week after inducing MI and transferred these cells into atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice, which greatly increased immunoglobulin G (IgG) accumulation in plaque and accelerated atherosclerosis. These B cells expressed many cytokines that promote humoural immunity and in addition, they formed germinal centres within the spleen where they differentiated into antibody-producing plasma cells. Specifically deleting Blimp-1 in B cells, the transcriptional regulator that drives their terminal differentiation into antibody-producing plasma cells prevented MI-accelerated atherosclerosis. Alarmins released from infarcted hearts were responsible for activating B cells via toll-like receptors and deleting MyD88, the canonical adaptor protein for inflammatory signalling downstream of toll-like receptors, prevented B-cell activation and MI-accelerated atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION Our data implicate early B-cell activation and autoantibodies as a central cause for accelerated atherosclerosis post-MI and identifies novel therapeutic strategies towards preventing recurrent cardiovascular events such as MI and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Paula Loveland
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Anh Cao
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Axel Kallies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia
| | - Alex L Huang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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10
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Noonan J, Bobik A, Peter K. The tandem stenosis mouse model: Towards understanding, imaging, and preventing atherosclerotic plaque instability and rupture. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 179:979-997. [PMID: 33368184 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rupture of unstable atherosclerotic plaques is the major cause of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Despite significant limitations in our understanding and ability to identify unstable plaque pathology and prevent plaque rupture, most atherosclerosis research utilises preclinical animal models exhibiting stable atherosclerosis. Here, we introduce the tandem stenosis (TS) mouse model that reflects plaque instability and rupture, as seen in patients. The TS model involves dual ligation of the right carotid artery, leading to locally predefined unstable atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemic mice. It exhibits key characteristics of human unstable plaques, including plaque rupture, luminal thrombosis, intraplaque haemorrhage, large necrotic cores, thin or ruptured fibrous caps and extensive immune cell accumulation. Altogether, the TS model represents an ideal preclinical tool for improving our understanding of human plaque instability and rupture, for the development of imaging technologies to identify unstable plaques, and for the development and testing of plaque-stabilising treatments for the prevention of atherosclerotic plaque rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Noonan
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Pinto AR, Bobik A. Mapping human pluripotent stem cell-endothelial cell differentiation using scRNA-seq: a step towards therapeutic angiogenesis. Eur Heart J 2020; 41:1037-1039. [PMID: 31263875 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Pinto
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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12
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Kyaw T, Loveland P, Kanellakis P, Cao A, Huang A, Peter K, Toh B, Bobik A. Alarmin-activated B cells accelerate atherosclerosis after myocardial infarction via plasma cell-immunoglobulin dependent mechanisms. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Myocardial infarction (MI) accelerates atherosclerosis and for years greatly increases the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events, such as stroke and MI. B cell-derived autoantibodies produced in response to MI also persist for years.
Purpose
We investigated the role of B cells in adaptive immune responses to MI.
Methods
We used an apolipoprotein-E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mouse model of MI-accelerated atherosclerosis to assess the importance of B cells using loss and gain of function approaches. In loss of function experiment, after inducing an MI we depleted B cells using an anti-CD20 antibody. Gain of function experiments involve transfers of purified MI-B cells from different donor mice, isolated one week after MI, into atherosclerotic ApoE−/− mice.
Results
Depletion of B cells in MI mice prevented immunoglobulin G accumulation in plaques and MI-induced acceleration of atherosclerosis. Adoptive transfer of wildtype MI-B cells into atherosclerotic ApoE−/− mice greatly increased IgG accumulation in plaque and accelerated atherosclerosis in recipient mice. Cytokines that promote humoral immunity were also greatly increased in B cells activated by MI. These cells formed germinal centres within the spleen where they differentiated into antibody-producing plasma cells. Transfer of MI-B cells deficient in Blimp-1, the transcriptional repressor that drives their terminal differentiation to antibody-producing plasma cells failed to accelerate atherosclerosis in recipient mice. Alarmins released from infarcted heart were responsible for activation of B cells via toll-like receptors; transfer of MI-B cells deficient in MyD88, the canonical adaptor protein for inflammatory signaling downstream of toll-like receptors, prevented acceleration of atherosclerosis in recipient mice.
Conclusion
Our data implicate early B cell activation and autoantibodies as a central cause for accelerated atherosclerosis post MI and identifies novel therapeutic strategies towards preventing recurrent cardiovascular events such as MI and stroke.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kyaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Loveland
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Kanellakis
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Cao
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Huang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B.H Toh
- Monash University, Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Bobik
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- Vascular Biology and Arteriosclerosis Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Vascular Biology and Arteriosclerosis Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Tay C, Kanellakis P, Hosseini H, Cao A, Toh BH, Bobik A, Kyaw T. B Cell and CD4 T Cell Interactions Promote Development of Atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3046. [PMID: 31998318 PMCID: PMC6965321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between B and CD4 T cells is crucial for their optimal responses in adaptive immunity. Immune responses augmented by their partnership promote chronic inflammation. Here we report that interaction between B and CD4 T cells augments their atherogenicity to promote lipid-induced atherosclerosis. Genetic deletion of the gene encoding immunoglobulin mu (μ) heavy chain (μMT) in ApoE−/− mice resulted in global loss of B cells including those in atherosclerotic plaques, undetectable immunoglobulins and impaired germinal center formation. Despite unaffected numbers in the circulation and peripheral lymph nodes, CD4 T cells were also reduced in spleens as were activated and memory CD4 T cells. In hyperlipidemic μMT−/− ApoE−/− mice, B cell deficiency decreased atherosclerotic lesions, accompanied by absence of immunoglobulins and reduced CD4 T cell accumulation in lesions. Adoptive transfer of B cells deficient in either MHCII or co-stimulatory molecule CD40, molecules required for B and CD4 T cell interaction, into B cell-deficient μMT−/− ApoE−/− mice failed to increase atherosclerosis. In contrast, wildtype B cells transferred into μMT−/− ApoE−/− mice increased atherosclerosis and increased CD4 T cells in lesions including activated and memory CD4 T cells. Transferred B cells also increased their expression of atherogenic cytokines IL-1β, TGF-β, MCP-1, M-CSF, and MIF, with partial restoration of germinal centers and plasma immunoglobulins. Our study demonstrates that interaction between B and CD4 T cells utilizing MHCII and CD40 is essential to augment their function to increase atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic mice. These findings suggest that targeting B cell and CD4 T cell interaction may be a therapeutic strategy to limit atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Tay
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hamid Hosseini
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anh Cao
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tin Kyaw
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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16
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Kyaw T, Bobik A. Low Tregs: A targetable risk factor for life-threatening cardiovascular complications after major noncardiac surgery. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 107:713-715. [PMID: 31608500 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ce0919-318r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Discussion on Tregs that have anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties as an ideal therapeutic target to reduce fatal cardiovascular deaths following major noncardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Kyaw T, Kanellakis P, Toh BH, Bobik A. P1625A pivotal role for cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in development of cardiac fibrosis. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Introduction
Pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis increases myocardial stiffness leading to reductions in cardiac performances and cardiac failure. CD8+ T cells have been shown to accumulate during development of fibrosis but their role has not been defined.
Purpose
We examined the role and significance of CD8+ T cells in development of cardiac fibrosis.
Methods
Trans-aortic constriction (TAC) or 2-kidney-1-clip (2K1C) procedures were used to generate pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis in mice. Rat anti-mouse CD8β (lyt-3) monoclonal antibody (clone YTS 156.7) was used to deplete CD8+ T cells. A mixed bone marrow chimera strategy was used to specifically delete innate receptor Natural Killer Group 2D (NKG2D) or cytotoxin perforin from CD8+ T cells.
Results
Depleting CD8+ T cells in mice subjected to TAC or 2K1C-renal hypertension attenuated left ventricular fibrosis by 93% and 84% without affecting blood pressure. In TAC mice this was associated with a 68% reduction in apoptotic cardiomyocytes, a 74% reduction in macrophage accumulation, a 65% reduction in TGF-beta positive cells and a 95% reduction in TGF-beta positive macrophages, whilst CD4+ T cells were unaffected. Cardiomyocytes in regions of developing cardiac fibrosis contained cytoplasmic DNA and expressed the NKG2D ligand, Rae-1, indicative of activation of a DNA damage response; CD8+ T cells expressed the NKG2D receptor. Deletion of the NKG2D receptor from CD8+ T cells attenuated cardiac fibrosis by 82%; deletion of cytotoxin perforin has similar effects.
Conclusion(s)
We conclude that CD8+ T cells contribute to development of cardiac fibrosis by targeting stressed/damaged cardiomyocytes via an NKG2D-Rae-1 cytotoxic mechanism inducing their apoptosis. Macrophages then accumulate in the heart in response to increased numbers of apoptotic cardiomyocytes, clearing the apoptotic cells through engulfment and increasing their expression of the pro-fibrotic factor TGF-beta1.
Acknowledgement/Funding
The National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kyaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Kanellakis
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B H Toh
- Monash University, Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Bobik
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Chen YC, Huang AL, Kyaw TS, Bobik A, Peter K. Atherosclerotic Plaque Rupture: Identifying the Straw That Breaks the Camel's Back. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 36:e63-72. [PMID: 27466619 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Chen
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Y.-C.C., A.L.H., K.P.), and Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory (T.S.K., A.B.), Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.L.H., A.B., K.P.)
| | - Alex L Huang
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Y.-C.C., A.L.H., K.P.), and Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory (T.S.K., A.B.), Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.L.H., A.B., K.P.)
| | - Tin S Kyaw
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Y.-C.C., A.L.H., K.P.), and Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory (T.S.K., A.B.), Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.L.H., A.B., K.P.)
| | - Alex Bobik
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Y.-C.C., A.L.H., K.P.), and Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory (T.S.K., A.B.), Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.L.H., A.B., K.P.)
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Y.-C.C., A.L.H., K.P.), and Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory (T.S.K., A.B.), Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.L.H., A.B., K.P.).
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- From the BakerIDI Heart and Diabetes Institute (T.K., B.-H.T., A.B.), Department of Immunology (A.B.); and Centre for Inflammatory Disorders (T.K., B.-H.T., A.B.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- From the BakerIDI Heart and Diabetes Institute (T.K., B.-H.T., A.B.), Department of Immunology (A.B.); and Centre for Inflammatory Disorders (T.K., B.-H.T., A.B.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- From the BakerIDI Heart and Diabetes Institute (T.K., B.-H.T., A.B.), Department of Immunology (A.B.); and Centre for Inflammatory Disorders (T.K., B.-H.T., A.B.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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20
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Hosseini H, Yi L, Kanellakis P, Cao A, Tay C, Peter K, Bobik A, Toh BH, Kyaw T. Anti-TIM-1 Monoclonal Antibody (RMT1-10) Attenuates Atherosclerosis By Expanding IgM-producing B1a Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.008447. [PMID: 29936416 PMCID: PMC6064881 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Peritoneal B1a cells attenuate atherosclerosis by secreting natural polyclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM). Regulatory B cells expressing T‐cell immunoglobulin mucin domain‐1 (TIM‐1) expanded through TIM‐1 ligation by anti‐TIM‐1 monoclonal antibody (RMT1‐10) induces immune tolerance. Methods and Results We examined the capacity of RMT1‐10 to expand peritoneal B1a cells to prevent atherosclerosis development and retard progression of established atherosclerosis. RMT1‐10 treatment selectively doubled peritoneal B1a cells, tripled TIM‐1+ B1a cells and increased TIM‐1+IgM+interleukin (IL)‐10+ by 3‐fold and TIM‐1+IgM+IL‐10− B1a cells by 2.5‐fold. Similar expansion of B1a B cells was observed in spleens. These effects reduced atherosclerotic lesion size, increased plasma IgM and lesion IgM deposits, and decreased oxidatively modified low‐density lipoproteins in lesions. Lesion CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, macrophages and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, expression of proinflammatory cytokines monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, IL1β, apoptotic cell numbers and necrotic cores were also reduced. RMT1‐10 treatment failed to expand peritoneal B1a cells and reduce atherosclerosis after splenectomy that reduces B1a cells, indicating that these effects are B1a cell‐dependent. Apolipoprotein E‐KO mice fed a high‐fat diet for 6 weeks before treatment with RMT1‐10 also increased TIM‐1+IgM+IL‐10+ and TIM‐1+IgM+IL‐10− B1a cells and IgM levels and attenuated progression of established atherosclerosis. Conclusions RMT1‐10 treatment attenuates atherosclerosis development and progression by selectively expanding IgM producing atheroprotective B1a cells. Antibody‐based in vivo expansion of B1a cells could be an attractive approach for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Hosseini
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Li Yi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Anh Cao
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher Tay
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Alex Bobik
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tin Kyaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia .,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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21
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Tay C, Liu YH, Kanellakis P, Kallies A, Li Y, Cao A, Hosseini H, Tipping P, Toh BH, Bobik A, Kyaw T. Follicular B Cells Promote Atherosclerosis via T Cell–Mediated Differentiation Into Plasma Cells and Secreting Pathogenic Immunoglobulin G. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:e71-e84. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
B cells promote or protect development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined the role of MHCII (major histocompatibility II), CD40 (cluster of differentiation 40), and Blimp-1 (B-lymphocyte–induced maturation protein) expression by follicular B (FO B) cells in development of atherosclerosis together with the effects of IgG purified from atherosclerotic mice.
Approach and Results—
Using mixed chimeric
Ldlr
−/−
mice whose B cells are deficient in MHCII or CD40, we demonstrate that these molecules are critical for the proatherogenic actions of FO B cells. During development of atherosclerosis, these deficiencies affected T–B cell interactions, germinal center B cells, plasma cells, and IgG. As FO B cells differentiating into plasma cells require Blimp-1, we also assessed its role in the development of atherosclerosis. Blimp-1-deficient B cells greatly attenuated atherosclerosis and immunoglobulin—including IgG production, preventing IgG accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions; Blimp-1 deletion also attenuated lesion proinflammatory cytokines, apoptotic cell numbers, and necrotic core. To determine the importance of IgG for atherosclerosis, we purified IgG from atherosclerotic mice. Their transfer but not IgG from nonatherosclerotic mice into
Ldlr
−/−
mice whose B cells are Blimp-1-deficient increased atherosclerosis; transfer was associated with IgG accumulating in atherosclerotic lesions, increased lesion inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic cell numbers, and necrotic core size.
Conclusions—
The mechanism by which FO B cells promote atherosclerosis is highly dependent on their expression of MHCII, CD40, and Blimp-1. FO B cell differentiation into IgG-producing plasma cells also is critical for their proatherogenic actions. Targeting B–T cell interactions and pathogenic IgG may provide novel therapeutic strategies to prevent atherosclerosis and its adverse cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Tay
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
| | - Yu-Han Liu
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
| | - Axel Kallies
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.K.)
| | - Yi Li
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
| | - Anh Cao
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
| | - Hamid Hosseini
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
| | - Peter Tipping
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases (P.T., B.-H.T., T.K)
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases (P.T., B.-H.T., T.K)
| | - Alex Bobik
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
- Department of Immunology (A.B.), Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tin Kyaw
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases (P.T., B.-H.T., T.K)
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22
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Huang A, Chen Y, Lim B, Yao J, Bobik A, Peter K. Therapeutic Targeting of the Alarmin, HMGB1, Safely and Effectively Prevents Arterial Thrombosis Through Inhibition Of NET Formation. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is initiated by cholesterol entry into arteries that triggers chronic immune-inflammatory lesions in the vessels. Early lesions are clinically insignificant but advanced complex lesions and vulnerable rupture prone lesions impact on quality of life and can be life threatening. Rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions initiates thrombotic occlusion of vital arteries precipitating heart attacks and strokes that remain major killers globally despite therapeutic use of statins to lower blood cholesterol levels. Conventional B2 cells are proatherogenic whereas peritoneal Bla cells are atheroprotective. Depletion of B2 cells by administration of mAb to CD20 or to BAFF receptor or in BAFF receptor-deficient mice ameliorates atherosclerosis. B2 cells may promote atherosclerosis by production of IgG, secretion of proinflammatory cytokine TNFα and activation of CD4 T cells. Together these B2 cell mechanisms contribute to generation of rupture-prone vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques characterised by large necrotic cores. In contrast, peritoneal Bla cells protect against atherosclerosis by secretion of natural IgM that scavenges apoptotic cells and oxidised LDL and reduces necrotic cores in atherosclerotic lesions. These atheroprotective effects can be further increased by stimulating Bla cells by administration of apoptotic cells, liposomes of phosphatidylserine abundant on surfaces of apoptotic cell, by mAb to TIM1, a phosphatidylserine receptor expressed by B1a cells and by TLR4-MyD88 activation. Experimental studies of atherosclerosis in mouse models indicate that reductions in atherogenic B2 cells and/or activation of atheroprotective B1a cells protects against atherosclerosis development, findings which have potential for clinical translation to reduce risks of deaths from heart attacks and strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- a Australia and Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Victoria , Australia.,b Department of Medicine , Southern Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia , and
| | - Peter Tipping
- b Department of Medicine , Southern Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia , and
| | - Alex Bobik
- a Australia and Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Victoria , Australia.,c Department of Immunology , Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Victoria , Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- b Department of Medicine , Southern Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia , and
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24
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Ziegler M, Wang X, Lim B, Leitner E, Klingberg F, Ching V, Yao Y, Huang D, Gao XM, Kiriazis H, Du XJ, Haigh JJ, Bobik A, Hagemeyer CE, Ahrens I, Peter K. Platelet-Targeted Delivery of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to the Ischemic Heart Restores Cardiac Function after Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Theranostics 2017; 7:3192-3206. [PMID: 28900504 PMCID: PMC5595126 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major hurdles in intravenous regenerative cell therapy is the low homing efficiency to the area where these cells are needed. To increase cell homing toward areas of myocardial damage, we developed a bispecific tandem single-chain antibody (Tand-scFvSca-1+GPIIb/IIIa) that binds with high affinity to activated platelets via the activated glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa receptor, and to a subset of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) which express the stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1) receptor. Methods: The Tand-scFvSca-1+GPIIb/IIIa was engineered, characterized and tested in a mouse model of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury applying left coronary artery occlusion for 60 min. Fluorescence cell tracking, cell infiltration studies, echocardiographic and histological analyses were performed. Results: Treatment of mice undergoing myocardial infarction with targeted-PBMCs led to successful cell delivery to the ischemic-reperfused myocardium, followed by a significant decrease in infiltration of inflammatory cells. Homing of targeted-PBMCs as shown by fluorescence cell tracking ultimately decreased fibrosis, increased capillary density, and restored cardiac function 4 weeks after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Conclusion: Tand-scFvSca-1+GPIIb/IIIa is a promising candidate to enhance therapeutic cell delivery in order to promote myocardial regeneration and thereby preventing heart failure.
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25
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Kyaw T, Peter K, Li Y, Tipping P, Toh BH, Bobik A. Cytotoxic lymphocytes and atherosclerosis: significance, mechanisms and therapeutic challenges. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3956-3972. [PMID: 28471481 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes encompass natural killer lymphocytes (cells) and cytotoxic T cells that include CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) T cells, γ, δ (γδ)-T cells and human CD4 + CD28- T cells. These cells play critical roles in inflammatory diseases and in controlling cancers and infections. Cytotoxic lymphocytes can be activated via a number of mechanisms that may involve dendritic cells, macrophages, cytokines or surface proteins on stressed cells. Upon activation, they secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and cytotoxins to promote inflammation and the development of atherosclerotic lesions including vulnerable lesions, which are strongly implicated in myocardial infarctions and strokes. Here, we review the mechanisms that activate and regulate cytotoxic lymphocyte activity, including activating and inhibitory receptors, cytokines, chemokine receptors-chemokine systems utilized to home to inflamed lesions and cytotoxins and cytokines through which they affect other cells within lesions. We also examine their roles in human and mouse models of atherosclerosis and the mechanisms by which they exert their pathogenic effects. Finally, we discuss strategies for therapeutically targeting these cells to prevent the development of atherosclerotic lesions and vulnerable plaques and the challenge of developing highly targeted therapies that only minimally affect the body's immune system, avoiding the complications, such as increased susceptibility to infections, which are currently associated with many immunotherapies for autoimmune diseases. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.22/issuetoc and http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.v82.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Yi Li
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Peter Tipping
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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26
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Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes (killer cells) play a critical role in host defence mechanisms, protecting against infections and in tumour surveillance. They can also exert detrimental effects in chronic inflammatory disorders and in autoimmune diseases. Tissue cell death and necrosis are prominent features of advanced atherosclerotic lesions including vulnerable/unstable lesions which are largely responsible for most heart attacks and strokes. Evidence for accumulation of killer cells in both human and mouse lesions together with their cytotoxic potential strongly suggest that these cells contribute to cell death and necrosis in lesions leading to vulnerable plaque development and potentially plaque rupture. Killer cells can be divided into two groups, adaptive and innate immune cells depending on whether they require antigen presentation for activation. Activated killer cells detect damaged or stressed cells and kill by cytotoxic mechanisms that include perforin, granzymes, TRAIL or FasL and in some cases TNF-α. In this review, we examine current knowledge on killer cells in atherosclerosis, including CD8 T cells, CD28- CD4 T cells, natural killer cells and γδ-T cells, mechanisms responsible for their activation, their migration to developing lesions and effector functions. We also discuss pharmacological strategies to prevent their deleterious vascular effects by preventing/limiting their cytotoxic effects within atherosclerotic lesions as well as potential immunomodulatory therapies that might better target lesion-resident killer cells, to minimise any compromise of the immune system, which could result in increased susceptibility to infections and reductions in tumour surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Peter Tipping
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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27
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Ziegler M, Alt K, Paterson BM, Kanellakis P, Bobik A, Donnelly PS, Hagemeyer CE, Peter K. Highly Sensitive Detection of Minimal Cardiac Ischemia using Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Activated Platelets. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38161. [PMID: 27909290 PMCID: PMC5133579 DOI: 10.1038/srep38161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A reliable method for the diagnosis of minimal cardiac ischemia would meet a strong demand for the sensitive diagnosis of coronary artery disease in cardiac stress testing and risk stratification in patients with chest pain but unremarkable ECGs and biomarkers. We hypothesized that platelets accumulate early on in ischemic myocardium and a newly developed technology of non-invasive molecular PET imaging of activated platelets can thus detect minimal degrees of myocardial ischemia. To induce different degrees of minimal cardiac ischemia, the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was ligated for 10, 20 or 60 min. Mice were injected with a newly generated scFvanti-GPIIb/IIIa-64CuMeCOSar radiotracer, composed of a single-chain antibody that only binds to activated integrin GPIIb/IIIa (αIIbβIII) and thus to activated platelets, and a sarcophagine cage MeCOSar complexing the long half-life PET tracer copper-64. A single PET/CT scan was performed. Evans Blue/TTC staining to detect necrosis as well as classical serological biomarkers like Troponin I and heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) were negative, whereas PET imaging of activated platelets was able to detect small degrees of ischemia. Taken together, molecular PET imaging of activated platelets represents a unique and highly sensitive method to detect minimal cardiac ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Ziegler
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart &Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karen Alt
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart &Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Vascular Biotechnology, Baker IDI Heart &Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brett M Paterson
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- Vascular Biology &Atherosclerosis, Baker IDI Heart &Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Vascular Biology &Atherosclerosis, Baker IDI Heart &Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christoph E Hagemeyer
- Vascular Biotechnology, Baker IDI Heart &Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart &Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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28
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Hosseini H, Li Y, Kanellakis P, Tay C, Cao A, Liu E, Peter K, Tipping P, Toh BH, Bobik A, Kyaw T. Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)4 and MyD88 are Essential for Atheroprotection by Peritoneal B1a B Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.115.002947. [PMID: 27930350 PMCID: PMC5210362 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background We previously identified peritoneal B1a cells that secrete natural IgM as a key atheroprotective B cell subset. However, the molecules that activate atheroprotective B1a cells are unknown. Here, we investigated whether Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 expressed by B1a cells are required for IgM‐mediated atheroprotection. Methods and Results We adoptively transferred B1a cells from wild‐type mice or from mice deficient in TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, or myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) into ApoE−/− mice depleted of peritoneal B1a cells by splenectomy and fed a high‐fat diet for 8 weeks. Elevations in plasma total, anti‐oxLDL (oxidized low‐density lipoprotein), anti‐leukocyte, anti‐CD3, anti‐CD8, and anti‐CD4 IgMs in atherosclerotic mice required B1a cells expressing TLR4 and MyD88, indicating a critical role for TLR4‐MyD88 signaling for IgM secretion. Suppression of atherosclerosis was also critically dependent on B1a cells expressing TLR4‐MyD88. Atherosclerosis suppression was associated not only with reductions in lesion apoptotic cells, necrotic cores, and oxLDL, but also with reduced lesion CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1) expression, including macrophages expressing TGF‐β1, was increased, consistent with increased IgM‐mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages. Reductions in lesion inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL) 1β, and IL‐18 were consistent with augmented TGF‐β1 expression. Conclusions TLR4‐MyD88 expression on B1a cells is critical for their IgM‐dependent atheroprotection that not only reduced lesion apoptotic cells and necrotic cores, but also decreased CD4 and CD8 T‐cell infiltrates and augmented TGF‐β1 expression accompanied by reduced lesion inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Hosseini
- BakerIDI heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School, Clayton, Australia
| | - Yi Li
- BakerIDI heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School, Clayton, Australia
| | | | - Christopher Tay
- BakerIDI heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School, Clayton, Australia
| | - Anh Cao
- BakerIDI heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Edgar Liu
- BakerIDI heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- BakerIDI heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Peter Tipping
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School, Clayton, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- BakerIDI heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Tin Kyaw
- BakerIDI heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia .,Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Southern Clinical School, Clayton, Australia
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29
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Tay C, Liu YH, Hosseini H, Kanellakis P, Cao A, Peter K, Tipping P, Bobik A, Toh BH, Kyaw T. B-cell-specific depletion of tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibits atherosclerosis development and plaque vulnerability to rupture by reducing cell death and inflammation. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 111:385-97. [PMID: 27492217 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS B2 lymphocytes promote atherosclerosis development but their mechanisms of action are unknown. Here, we investigated the role of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) produced by B2 cells in atherogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that 50% of TNF-α-producing spleen lymphocytes were B2 cells and ∼20% of spleen and aortic B cells produced TNF-α in hyperlipidemic ApoE(-/-) mice. We generated mixed bone marrow (80% μMT/20% TNF-α(-/-)) chimeric LDLR(-/-) mice where only B cells did not express TNF-α. Atherosclerosis was reduced in chimeric LDLR(-/-) mice with TNF-α-deficient B cells. TNF-α expression in atherosclerotic lesions and in macrophages were also reduced accompanied by fewer apoptotic cells, reduced necrotic cores, and reduced lesion Fas, interleukin-1β and MCP-1 in mice with TNF-α-deficient B cells compared to mice with TNF-α-sufficient B cells. To confirm that the reduced atherosclerosis is attributable to B2 cells, we transferred wild-type and TNF-α-deficient B2 cells into ApoE(-/-) mice deficient in B cells or in lymphocytes. After 8 weeks of high fat diet, we found that atherosclerosis was increased by wild-type but not TNF-α-deficient B2 cells. Lesions of mice with wild-type B2 cells but not TNF-α-deficient B2 cells also had increased apoptotic cells and necrotic cores. Transferred B2 cells were found in lesions of recipient mice, suggesting that TNF-α-producing B2 cells promote atherosclerosis within lesions. CONCLUSION We conclude that TNF-α produced by B2 cells is a key mechanism by which B2 cells promote atherogenesis through augmenting macrophage TNF-α production to induce cell death and inflammation that promote plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Tay
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences. Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Yu-Han Liu
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Hamid Hosseini
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences. Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Anh Cao
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences. Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Peter Tipping
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences. Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences. Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Tin Kyaw
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences. Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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30
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Li Y, Kanellakis P, Hosseini H, Cao A, Deswaerte V, Tipping P, Toh BH, Bobik A, Kyaw T. A CD1d-dependent lipid antagonist to NKT cells ameliorates atherosclerosis in ApoE −/−mice by reducing lesion necrosis and inflammation. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 109:305-317. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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31
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Ahrens I, Chen YC, Topcic D, Bode M, Haenel D, Hagemeyer CE, Seeba H, Duerschmied D, Bassler N, Jandeleit-Dahm KA, Sweet MJ, Agrotis A, Bobik A, Peter K. HMGB1 binds to activated platelets via the receptor for advanced glycation end products and is present in platelet rich human coronary artery thrombi. Thromb Haemost 2015. [PMID: 26202300 DOI: 10.1160/th14-12-1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) acts as both a nuclear protein that regulates gene expression, as well as a pro-inflammatory alarmin that is released from necrotic or activated cells. Recently, HMGB1-expression in human atherosclerotic plaques was identified. Therapeutic blockade of HMGB1 reduced the development of diet-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice. Thus, we hypothesised an interaction between HMGB1 and activated platelets. Binding of recombinant HMGB1 to platelets was assessed by flow cytometry. HMGB1 bound to thrombin-activated human platelets (MFI 2.49 vs 25.01, p=0.0079). Blood from wild-type, TLR4 and RAGE knockout mice was used to determine potential HMGB1 receptors on platelets. HMGB1 bound to platelets from wild type C57Bl6 (MFI 2.64 vs 20.3, p< 0.05), and TLR4-/- mice (MFI 2.11 vs 25.65, p< 0.05) but failed to show binding to platelets from RAGE-/- mice (p > 0.05). RAGE expression on human platelets was detected by RT-PCR with mRNA extracted from highly purified platelets and confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy. Platelet activation increased RAGE surface expression (MFI 4.85 vs 6.74, p< 0.05). Expression of HMGB1 in human coronary artery thrombi was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and revealed high expression levels. Platelets bind HMGB1 upon thrombin-induced activation. Platelet specific expression of RAGE could be detected at the mRNA and protein level and is involved in the binding of HMGB1. Furthermore, platelet activation up-regulates platelet surface expression of RAGE. HMGB1 is highly expressed in platelet-rich human coronary artery thrombi pointing towards a central role for HMGB1 in atherothrombosis, thereby suggesting the possibility of platelet targeted anti-inflammatory therapies for atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Ahrens
- PD Dr. Ingo Ahrens, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Cardiology and Angiology I, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany, E-mail:
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32
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Montes VN, Subramanian S, Goodspeed L, Wang SA, Omer M, Bobik A, Teshigawara K, Nishibori M, Chait A. Anti-HMGB1 antibody reduces weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Diabetes 2015; 5:e161. [PMID: 26075638 PMCID: PMC4491852 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2015.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance in obesity is believed to be propagated by adipose tissue and liver inflammation. HMGB1 is a multifunctional protein that is pro-inflammatory when released from cells. It has been previously demonstrated that anti-HMGB1 antibody reduces atherosclerotic lesion pro-inflammatory cells and progression of atherosclerosis in a mouse model. To test the potential beneficial role of blocking HMGB1 in adipose tissue and liver inflammation in mice fed an obesogenic diet, we administered anti-HMGB1 antibody to C57Bl/6 mice fed a high (60%)-fat diet. The mice were treated with weekly injections of an anti-HMGB1 antibody or anti-KLH antibody (isotype control) for 16 weeks. Mice that received the anti-HMGB1 antibody gained less weight than the control-treated animals. Anti-HMGB1 treatment also reduced hepatic expression of TNF-alpha and MCP-1, molecules that promote inflammation. However, adipose tissue inflammation, as measured by gene expression analyses and immunohistochemistry, did not differ between the two groups. There also were no differences in glucose or insulin tolerance between the two groups. When feeding mice a high-fat diet, these data suggest that HMGB1 may have a crucial role in weight gain and liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Montes
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Subramanian
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L Goodspeed
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S A Wang
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Omer
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Bobik
- BakerIDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K Teshigawara
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - M Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - A Chait
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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33
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Hosseini H, Li Y, Kanellakis P, Tay C, Cao A, Tipping P, Bobik A, Toh BH, Kyaw T. Phosphatidylserine liposomes mimic apoptotic cells to attenuate atherosclerosis by expanding polyreactive IgM producing B1a lymphocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:443-452. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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34
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Li Y, To K, Kanellakis P, Hosseini H, Deswaerte V, Tipping P, Smyth M, Toh BH, Bobik A, Kyaw T. Abstract 359: CD4+ Natural Killer T Cells Promote Atherosclerosis via Cytotoxic Mechanism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.35.suppl_1.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD4
+
NKT cells are atherogenic lymphocytes, but the mechanisms by which they promote atherosclerosis are not known. Here we investigated the role of other lymphocytes and NKT cell-derived cytokines and cytotoxins in NKT cell’s atherogenicity. First, CD4
+
NKT cells were adoptively transferred into ApoE
-/-
mice; deficient in T, B cell and NKT cells (ApoE
-/-
Rag2
-/-
) and in T, B, NKT and NK cells (ApoE
-/-
Rag2
-/-
γc
-/-
). At the end of 8 week high fat diet, CD4
+
NKT cells augmented aortic root atherosclerosis assessed by total intimal lesion area, lipid content and macrophage accumulation in both ApoE
-/-
Rag2
-/-
mice and ApoE
-/-
Rag2
-/-
γC
-/-
mice. These data indicate that CD4
+
NKT cells can exert atherogenic effects in the absence of other lymphocytes. As NKT cells secrete cytokines and cytotoxins, we next investigated the role of NKT cell-derived cytokines and cytotoxins in atherosclerosis development. CD4
+
NKT cells from mice deficient of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-21 cytokines and perforin and granzyme B cytotoxins were transferred into NKT cell-deficient ApoE
-/-
Jα18
-/-
mice; controls were ApoE
-/-
Jα18
-/-
mice that received PBS or wildtype NKT cells. At completion of 8 week high fat diet, wildtype CD4
+
NKT cells and those deficient in IL-4, IFN-γ or IL-21 increased total intimal lesion area by ~65%, ~95%, ~80% and ~70% compared to vehicle control mice respectively. In contrast CD4
+
NKT cells deficient in perforin or granzyme B failed to augment lesion size, lipid content and macrophage accumulation. Apoptotic cells, necrotic cores and proinflammatory VCAM-1 and MCP-1 were reduced in mice receiving perforin-deficient NKT cells. Our data suggest that CD4
+
NKT cells require perforin and granzyme-B for atherosclerosis development, thereby increasing apoptotic and necrotic cells in lesions that in turn augments inflammation. Targeting NKT cell apoptotic cell mediators may be useful in attenuating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Vascular Biology & Atherosclerosis, BakerIDI Heart&Diabetes institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kelly To
- Vascular Biology & Atherosclerosis, BakerIDI Heart&Diabetes institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, BakerIDI Heart&Diabetes institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hamid Hosseini
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, BakerIDI Heart&Diabetes institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Virginie Deswaerte
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, BakerIDI Heart&Diabetes institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Tipping
- Dept of Medicine, Southern Clinical Sch;, Cntr for Inflammatory Diseases, Clayton, Australia
| | - Mark Smyth
- Immunology of Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Med Rsch Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Dept of Medicine, Southern Clinical Sch;, Cntr for Inflammatory Diseases, Clayton, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Vascular Biology & Atherosclerosis, BakerIDI Heart&Diabetes institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tin Kyaw
- Vascular Biology & Atherosclerosis, BakerIDI Heart&Diabetes institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Kraakman MJ, Kammoun HL, Allen TL, Deswaerte V, Henstridge DC, Estevez E, Matthews VB, Neill B, White DA, Murphy AJ, Peijs L, Yang C, Risis S, Bruce CR, Du XJ, Bobik A, Lee-Young RS, Kingwell BA, Vasanthakumar A, Shi W, Kallies A, Lancaster GI, Rose-John S, Febbraio MA. Blocking IL-6 trans-signaling prevents high-fat diet-induced adipose tissue macrophage recruitment but does not improve insulin resistance. Cell Metab 2015; 21:403-16. [PMID: 25738456 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a paradoxical role in inflammation and metabolism. The pro-inflammatory effects of IL-6 are mediated via IL-6 "trans-signaling," a process where the soluble form of the IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) binds IL-6 and activates signaling in inflammatory cells that express the gp130 but not the IL-6 receptor. Here we show that trans-signaling recruits macrophages into adipose tissue (ATM). Moreover, blocking trans-signaling with soluble gp130Fc protein prevents high-fat diet (HFD)-induced ATM accumulation, but does not improve insulin action. Importantly, however, blockade of IL-6 trans-signaling, unlike complete ablation of IL-6 signaling, does not exacerbate obesity-induced weight gain, liver steatosis, or insulin resistance. Our data identify the sIL-6R as a critical chemotactic signal for ATM recruitment and suggest that selectively blocking IL-6 trans-signaling may be a more favorable treatment option for inflammatory diseases, compared with current treatments that completely block the action of IL-6 and negatively impact upon metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Kraakman
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, BakerIDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Helene L Kammoun
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, BakerIDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Tamara L Allen
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, BakerIDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Virginie Deswaerte
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, BakerIDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Darren C Henstridge
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, BakerIDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Emma Estevez
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, BakerIDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Vance B Matthews
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, BakerIDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Neill
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, BakerIDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - David A White
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, BakerIDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, BakerIDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Lone Peijs
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, BakerIDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Christine Yang
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, BakerIDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Steve Risis
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, BakerIDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Clinton R Bruce
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, BakerIDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, BakerIDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, BakerIDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Robert S Lee-Young
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, BakerIDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A Kingwell
- Metabolic and Vascular Physiology Laboratory, BakerIDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | | | - Wei Shi
- Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Axel Kallies
- Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Graeme I Lancaster
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, BakerIDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, BakerIDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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36
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Woollard KJ, Lumsden NG, Andrews KL, Aprico A, Harris E, Irvine JC, Jefferis AM, Fang L, Kanellakis P, Bobik A, Chin-Dusting JPF. Raised soluble P-selectin moderately accelerates atherosclerotic plaque progression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97422. [PMID: 24846287 PMCID: PMC4028245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin), a biomarker of inflammatory related pathologies including cardiovascular and peripheral vascular diseases, also has pro-atherosclerotic effects including the ability to increase leukocyte recruitment and modulate thrombotic responses in vivo. The current study explores its role in progressing atherosclerotic plaque disease. Apoe−/− mice placed on a high fat diet (HFD) were given daily injections of recombinant dimeric murine P-selectin (22.5 µg/kg/day) for 8 or 16 weeks. Saline or sE-selectin injections were used as negative controls. In order to assess the role of sP-selectin on atherothrombosis an experimental plaque remodelling murine model, with sm22α-hDTR Apoe−/− mice on a HFD in conjunction with delivery of diphtheria toxin to induce targeted vascular smooth muscle apoptosis, was used. These mice were similarly given daily injections of sP-selectin for 8 or 16 weeks. While plaque mass and aortic lipid content did not change with sP-selectin treatment in Apoe−/− or SM22α-hDTR Apoe−/− mice on HFD, increased plasma MCP-1 and a higher plaque CD45 content in Apoe−/− HFD mice was observed. As well, a significant shift towards a more unstable plaque phenotype in the SM22α-hDTR Apoe−/− HFD mice, with increased macrophage accumulation and lower collagen content, leading to a lower plaque stability index, was observed. These results demonstrate that chronically raised sP-selectin favours progression of an unstable atherosclerotic plaque phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Woollard
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Karen L. Andrews
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Aprico
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Harris
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Lu Fang
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kyaw T, Hosseini H, Kanellakis P, Tay C, Cao A, Yi L, Tipping P, Bobik A, Toh BH. Abstract 26: Anti-TIM-1 Monoclonal Antibody Therapy Expands Atheroprotective B1a B Cells in vivo and Attenuates Development and Progression of Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.34.suppl_1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
B1a B cells attenuate atherosclerosis by secreting natural IgM, but their therapeutic application is limited by lack of availability. Regulatory B cells identified by Tim-1 expression and expanded through Tim-1 ligation by anti-TIM-1 low affinity monoclonal antibody (RMT1-10 mAb) induced tolerance. Here, we examined the capacity of this mAb to expand B1a B cells to inhibit atherosclerosis development and progression of established atherosclerosis.
Methods and Results:
Six-week old male ApoE-deficient mice were treated with RMT1-10 mAb and fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. B1a TIM-1+IgM+ B cells and B1a TIM-1+IgM+IL-10+ B cells were selectively expanded. These effects reduced lesion size, markedly increased plasma and lesion IgM and decreased lesion oxidatively modified LDL. Lesion CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, macrophages and MCP-1, VCAM-1, proinflammatory cytokine expression, apoptotic cell numbers and necrotic cores were reduced. Splenectomy indicated that these effects were B1a B cell-dependent. B1a B cell stimulation in vitro with RMT1-10 mAb promoted dose-response B1a B cell proliferation and B1a-derived IgM production. To determine whether treatment attenuated developed atherosclerosis progression, 6 week-old male ApoE-deficient mice were fed a HFD for 6 weeks, and treated with anti-TIM-1 mAb for another 6 weeks while continuing the HFD. Treatment also increased B1a TIM-1+IgM+ B cells, B1a TIM-1+IgM+IL-10+ B cells and IgM levels and greatly attenuated atherosclerosis progression.
Conclusions:
Anti-TIM-1 treatment attenuates atherosclerosis development and progression by selectively expanding atheroprotective B1a B cells and modulating its immunoinflammatory component. TIM-1 mAb therapy could be an attractive approach for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hamid Hosseini
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher Tay
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anh Cao
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Li Yi
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Alex Bobik
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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38
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Selathurai A, Deswaerte V, Kanellakis P, Tipping P, Toh BH, Bobik A, Kyaw T. Natural killer (NK) cells augment atherosclerosis by cytotoxic-dependent mechanisms. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 102:128-37. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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39
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Chen YC, Bui AV, Diesch J, Manasseh R, Hausding C, Rivera J, Haviv I, Agrotis A, Htun NM, Jowett J, Hagemeyer CE, Hannan RD, Bobik A, Peter K. A novel mouse model of atherosclerotic plaque instability for drug testing and mechanistic/therapeutic discoveries using gene and microRNA expression profiling. Circ Res 2013; 113:252-65. [PMID: 23748430 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.301562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The high morbidity/mortality of atherosclerosis is typically precipitated by plaque rupture and consequent thrombosis. However, research on underlying mechanisms and therapeutic approaches is limited by the lack of animal models that reproduce plaque instability observed in humans. OBJECTIVE Development and use of a mouse model of plaque rupture that reflects the end stage of human atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS On the basis of flow measurements and computational fluid dynamics, we applied a tandem stenosis to the carotid artery of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice on high-fat diet. At 7 weeks postoperatively, we observed intraplaque hemorrhage in ≈50% of mice, as well as disruption of fibrous caps, intraluminal thrombosis, neovascularization, and further characteristics typically seen in human unstable plaques. Administration of atorvastatin was associated with plaque stabilization and downregulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and ubiquitin. Microarray profiling of mRNA and microRNA (miR) and, in particular, its combined analysis demonstrated major differences in the hierarchical clustering of genes and miRs among nonatherosclerotic arteries, stable, and unstable plaques and allows the identification of distinct genes/miRs, potentially representing novel therapeutic targets for plaque stabilization. The feasibility of the described animal model as a discovery tool was established in a pilot approach, identifying a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs 4 (ADAMTS4) and miR-322 as potential pathogenic factors of plaque instability in mice and validated in human plaques. CONCLUSIONS The newly described mouse model reflects human atherosclerotic plaque instability and represents a discovery tool toward the development and testing of therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing plaque rupture. Distinctly expressed genes and miRs can be linked to plaque instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Chen
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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40
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Kyaw T, Cui P, Tay C, Kanellakis P, Hosseini H, Liu E, Rolink AG, Tipping P, Bobik A, Toh BH. BAFF receptor mAb treatment ameliorates development and progression of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic ApoE(-/-) mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60430. [PMID: 23560095 PMCID: PMC3616162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Option to attenuate atherosclerosis by depleting B2 cells is currently limited to anti-CD20 antibodies which deplete all B-cell subtypes. In the present study we evaluated the capacity of a monoclonal antibody to B cell activating factor-receptor (BAFFR) to selectively deplete atherogenic B2 cells to prevent both development and progression of atherosclerosis in the ApoE−/− mouse. Methods and Results To determine whether the BAFFR antibody prevents atherosclerosis development, we treated ApoE−/− mice with the antibody while feeding them a high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. Mature CD93− CD19+ B2 cells were reduced by treatment, spleen B-cell zones disrupted and spleen CD20 mRNA expression decreased while B1a cells and non-B cells were spared. Atherosclerosis was ameliorated in the hyperlipidemic mice and CD19+ B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were reduced in atherosclerotic lesions. Expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, IL1β, TNFα, and IFNγ in the lesions were also reduced, while MCP1, MIF and VCAM-1 expressions were unaffected. Plasma immunoglobulins were reduced, but MDA-oxLDL specific antibodies were unaffected. To determine whether anti-BAFFR antibody ameliorates progression of atherosclerosis, we first fed ApoE−/− mice a HFD for 6 weeks, and then instigated anti-BAFFR antibody treatment for a further 6 week-HFD. CD93− CD19+ B2 cells were selectively decreased and atherosclerotic lesions were reduced by this treatment. Conclusion Anti-BAFFR monoclonal antibody selectively depletes mature B2 cells while sparing B1a cells, disrupts spleen B-cell zones and ameliorates atherosclerosis development and progression in hyperlipidemic ApoE−/− mice. Our findings have potential for clinical translation to manage atherosclerosis-based cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Victoria, Australia.
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41
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Kyaw T, Winship A, Tay C, Kanellakis P, Hosseini H, Cao A, Li P, Tipping P, Bobik A, Toh BH. Cytotoxic and proinflammatory CD8+ T lymphocytes promote development of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques in apoE-deficient mice. Circulation 2013; 127:1028-39. [PMID: 23395974 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.001347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart attacks and strokes, leading causes of deaths globally, arise from thrombotic occlusion of ruptured vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques characterized by abundant apoptosis, large necrotic cores derived from inefficient apoptotic cell clearance, thin fibrous caps, and focal inflammation. The genesis of apoptosis and necrotic cores in these vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques remains unknown. Cytotoxic CD8(+) T lymphocytes represent up to 50% of leukocytes in advanced human plaques and dominate early immune responses in mouse lesions, yet their role in atherosclerosis also remains unresolved. METHODS AND RESULTS CD8(+) T-lymphocyte depletion by CD8α or CD8β monoclonal antibody in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet ameliorated atherosclerosis by reducing lipid and macrophage accumulation, apoptosis, necrotic cores, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interleukin 1β, interferon γ, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. Transfer of CD8(+) T cells into lymphocyte-deficient, apolipoprotein E-deficient mice partially reconstituted CD8(+) T cells in lymphoid compartments and was associated with CD8(+) T-cell infiltration in lesions, increased lipid and macrophage accumulation, apoptotic cells, necrotic cores, and interleukin 1β in atherosclerotic lesions. Transfer of CD8(+) T cells deficient in perforin, granzyme B, or tumor necrosis factor α but not interferon γ failed to increase atherosclerotic lesions despite partial reconstitution in the lymphoid system and the presence in atherosclerotic lesions. Macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells were identified as apoptotic targets. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that CD8(+) T lymphocytes promote the development of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques by perforin- and granzyme B-mediated apoptosis of macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells that, in turn, leads to necrotic core formation and further augments inflammation by tumor necrosis factor α secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Victoria, Australia.
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42
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Ivanova D, Baskaeva A, Zotikov A, Gayfullin N, Kalinina N, Bobik A. Elevation of IL-17 promotes leukocyte accumulation in human atherosclerotic lesions. Vascul Pharmacol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2011.08.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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43
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44
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Kyaw T, Tay C, Hosseini H, Kanellakis P, Gadowski T, MacKay F, Tipping P, Bobik A, Toh BH. Depletion of B2 but not B1a B cells in BAFF receptor-deficient ApoE mice attenuates atherosclerosis by potently ameliorating arterial inflammation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29371. [PMID: 22238605 PMCID: PMC3251583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently identified conventional B2 cells as atherogenic and B1a cells as atheroprotective in hypercholesterolemic ApoE−/− mice. Here, we examined the development of atherosclerosis in BAFF-R deficient ApoE−/− mice because B2 cells but not B1a cells are selectively depleted in BAFF-R deficient mice. We fed BAFF-R−/− ApoE−/− (BaffR.ApoE DKO) and BAFF-R+/+ApoE−/− (ApoE KO) mice a high fat diet (HFD) for 8-weeks. B2 cells were significantly reduced by 82%, 81%, 94%, 72% in blood, peritoneal fluid, spleen and peripheral lymph nodes respectively; while B1a cells and non-B lymphocytes were unaffected. Aortic atherosclerotic lesions assessed by oil red-O stained-lipid accumulation and CD68+ macrophage accumulation were decreased by 44% and 50% respectively. B cells were absent in atherosclerotic lesions of BaffR.ApoE DKO mice as were IgG1 and IgG2a immunoglobulins produced by B2 cells, despite low but measurable numbers of B2 cells and IgG1 and IgG2a immunoglobulin concentrations in plasma. Plasma IgM and IgM deposits in atherosclerotic lesions were also reduced. BAFF-R deficiency in ApoE−/− mice was also associated with a reduced expression of VCAM-1 and fewer macrophages, dendritic cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltrates and PCNA+ cells in lesions. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL1-β and proinflammatory chemokine MCP-1 was also reduced. Body weight and plasma cholesterols were unaffected in BaffR.ApoE DKO mice. Our data indicate that B2 cells are important contributors to the development of atherosclerosis and that targeting the BAFF-R to specifically reduce atherogenic B2 cell numbers while preserving atheroprotective B1a cell numbers may be a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce atherosclerosis by potently reducing arterial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Victoria, Australia.
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45
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White D, Jennings N, Kanellakis P, Bobik A, Morand E, Dart A, Du X, Gao X. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Regulates Acute Inflammatory Responses Following Myocardial Infarction. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Hardy CL, LeMasurier JS, Belz GT, Scalzo-Inguanti K, Yao J, Xiang SD, Kanellakis P, Bobik A, Strickland DH, Rolland JM, O'Hehir RE, Plebanski M. Inert 50-nm polystyrene nanoparticles that modify pulmonary dendritic cell function and inhibit allergic airway inflammation. J Immunol 2011; 188:1431-41. [PMID: 22190179 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are being developed for diverse biomedical applications, but there is concern about their potential to promote inflammation, particularly in the lung. Although a variety of ambient, anthropogenic and man-made nanoparticles can promote lung inflammation, little is known about the long-term immunomodulatory effects of inert noninflammatory nanoparticles. We previously showed polystyrene 50-nm nanoparticles coated with the neutral amino acid glycine (PS50G nanoparticles) are not inflammatory and are taken up preferentially by dendritic cells (DCs) in the periphery. We tested the effects of such nanoparticles on pulmonary DC function and the development of acute allergic airway inflammation. Surprisingly, exposure to PS50G nanoparticles did not exacerbate but instead inhibited key features of allergic airway inflammation including lung airway and parenchymal inflammation, airway epithelial mucus production, and serum allergen-specific IgE and allergen-specific Th2 cytokines in the lung-draining lymph node (LN) after allergen challenge 1 mo later. PS50G nanoparticles themselves did not induce lung oxidative stress or cardiac or lung inflammation. Mechanistically, PS50G nanoparticles did not impair peripheral allergen sensitization but exerted their effect at the lung allergen challenge phase by inhibiting expansion of CD11c(+)MHCII(hi) DCs in the lung and draining LN and allergen-laden CD11b(hi)MHCII(hi) DCs in the lung after allergen challenge. PS50G nanoparticles further suppressed the ability of CD11b(hi) DCs in the draining LN of allergen-challenged mice to induce proliferation of OVA-specific CD4(+) T cells. The discovery that a defined type of nanoparticle can inhibit, rather than promote, lung inflammation via modulation of DC function opens the door to the discovery of other nanoparticle types with exciting beneficial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Hardy
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inflammation, in addition to high cholesterol is a major factor contributing to atherosclerosis-associated adverse cardiovascular events. Thus, there is a pressing need for additional therapeutic strategies to reduce inflammation, by targeting immune cells and cytokines. Here we review B cell subsets and adventitial and intimal B cells in atherosclerosis development and discuss potential B cell-targeted anti-inflammatory therapies for atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS B cell subsets can have opposing proatherogenic and atheroprotective roles in atherosclerosis. CD-20-targeted B cell depletion has been shown to decrease murine atherosclerotic lesions. The accumulation of intimal and adventitial B cells associated with atherosclerotic lesions is consistent with their participation in local inflammatory responses. As B2 B cells are proatherogenic, blocking its survival factor B cell activating factor may selectively delete this proatherogenic subset. SUMMARY Both intimal and adventitial B cells appear important in atherosclerosis. B2 B cells are proatherogenic and other subsets such as regulatory B cells are antiatherogenic. Future B cell-targeted therapy for atherosclerosis should be customized to selectively deplete damaging B2 B cells while sparing or expanding protective B cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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Kyaw T, Tay C, Krishnamurthi S, Kanellakis P, Agrotis A, Tipping P, Bobik A, Toh BH. B1a B Lymphocytes Are Atheroprotective by Secreting Natural IgM That Increases IgM Deposits and Reduces Necrotic Cores in Atherosclerotic Lesions. Circ Res 2011; 109:830-40. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.248542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Rationale:
Aggravated atherosclerosis in B lymphocyte-deficient chimeric mice and reduced atherosclerosis after transfer of unfractionated spleen B lymphocytes into splenectomized mice have led to the widely held notion that B lymphocytes are atheroprotective. However, B lymphocytes can be pathogenic, because their depletion by anti-CD20 antibody ameliorated atherosclerosis, and transfer of B2 lymphocytes aggravated atherosclerosis. These observations raise the question of the identity of the atheroprotective B-lymphocyte population.
Objective:
The purpose of the study was to identify an atheroprotective B-lymphocyte subset and mechanisms by which they confer atheroprotection.
Methods and Results:
Splenectomy of apolipoprotein E–deficient mice selectively reduced peritoneal B1a lymphocytes, plasma IgM, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein IgM levels and lesion IgM deposits. These reductions were accompanied by increased oil red O–stained atherosclerotic lesions and increased necrotic cores, oxidized low-density lipoproteins, and apoptotic cells in lesions. Plasma lipids, body weight, collagen, and smooth muscle content were unaffected. Transfer of B1a lymphocytes into splenectomized mice increased peritoneal B1a lymphocytes; restored plasma IgM, oxidized low-density lipoprotein IgM levels, and lesion IgM deposits; and potently attenuated atherosclerotic lesions, with reduced lesion necrotic cores, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and apoptotic cells. In contrast, transfer of B1a lymphocytes that cannot secrete IgM failed to protect against atherosclerosis development in splenectomized mice despite reconstitution in the peritoneum.
Conclusions:
B1a lymphocytes are an atheroprotective B-lymphocyte population. Our data suggest that natural IgM secreted by these lymphocytes offers protection by depositing IgM in atherosclerotic lesions, which reduces the necrotic cores of lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory (T.K., C.T., S.K., P.K., A.A., A.B.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases (T.K., C.T., S.K., P.T., BH.T.), Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Tay
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory (T.K., C.T., S.K., P.K., A.A., A.B.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases (T.K., C.T., S.K., P.T., BH.T.), Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Surendran Krishnamurthi
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory (T.K., C.T., S.K., P.K., A.A., A.B.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases (T.K., C.T., S.K., P.T., BH.T.), Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory (T.K., C.T., S.K., P.K., A.A., A.B.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases (T.K., C.T., S.K., P.T., BH.T.), Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Agrotis
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory (T.K., C.T., S.K., P.K., A.A., A.B.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases (T.K., C.T., S.K., P.T., BH.T.), Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Tipping
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory (T.K., C.T., S.K., P.K., A.A., A.B.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases (T.K., C.T., S.K., P.T., BH.T.), Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory (T.K., C.T., S.K., P.K., A.A., A.B.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases (T.K., C.T., S.K., P.T., BH.T.), Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory (T.K., C.T., S.K., P.K., A.A., A.B.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases (T.K., C.T., S.K., P.T., BH.T.), Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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Little PJ, Chait A, Bobik A. Cellular and cytokine-based inflammatory processes as novel therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 131:255-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Gao XM, Liu Y, White D, Su Y, Drew BG, Bruce CR, Kiriazis H, Xu Q, Jennings N, Bobik A, Febbraio MA, Kingwell BA, Bucala R, Fingerle-Rowson G, Dart AM, Morand EF, Du XJ. Deletion of macrophage migration inhibitory factor protects the heart from severe ischemia–reperfusion injury: A predominant role of anti-inflammation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 50:991-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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