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Epigenetic Alterations in Sports-Related Injuries. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081471. [PMID: 36011382 PMCID: PMC9408207 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a well-known fact that physical activity benefits people of all age groups. However, highly intensive training, maladaptation, improper equipment, and lack of sufficient rest lead to contusions and sports-related injuries. From the perspectives of sports professionals and those performing regular–amateur sports activities, it is important to maintain proper levels of training, without encountering frequent injuries. The bodily responses to physical stress and intensive physical activity are detected on many levels. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone protein methylation, acetylation, and miRNA expression occur in response to environmental changes and play fundamental roles in the regulation of cellular activities. In the current review, we summarise the available knowledge on epigenetic alterations present in tissues and organs (e.g., muscles, the brain, tendons, and bones) as a consequence of sports-related injuries. Epigenetic mechanism observations have the potential to become useful tools in sports medicine, as predictors of approaching pathophysiological alterations and injury biomarkers that have already taken place.
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Bacillus subtilis-Based Probiotic Improves Skeletal Health and Immunity in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Heat Stress. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061494. [PMID: 34064126 PMCID: PMC8224346 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary High ambient temperature is a major environmental stressor affecting the physiological and behavioral status of animals, increasing stress susceptibility and immunosuppression, and consequently increasing intestinal permeability (leaky gut) and related neuroinflammation. Probiotics, as well as prebiotics and synbiotics, have been used to prevent or decrease stress-associated detrimental effects on physiological and behavioral homeostasis in humans and various animals. The current data indicate that a dietary probiotic supplement, Bacillus subtilis, reduces heat stress-induced abnormal behaviors and negative effects on skeletal health in broilers through a variety of cellular responses, regulating the functioning of the microbiota–gut–brain axis and/or microbiota-modulated immunity during bone remodeling under thermoneutral and heat-stressed conditions. Abstract The elevation of ambient temperature beyond the thermoneutral zone leads to heat stress, which is a growing health and welfare issue for homeothermic animals aiming to maintain relatively constant reproducibility and survivability. Particularly, global warming over the past decades has resulted in more hot days with more intense, frequent, and long-lasting heat waves, resulting in a global surge in animals suffering from heat stress. Heat stress causes pathophysiological changes in animals, increasing stress sensitivity and immunosuppression, consequently leading to increased intestinal permeability (leaky gut) and related neuroinflammation. Probiotics, as well as prebiotics and synbiotics, have been used to prevent or reduce stress-induced negative effects on physiological and behavioral homeostasis in humans and various animals. The current data indicate dietary supplementation with a Bacillus subtilis-based probiotic has similar functions in poultry. This review highlights the recent findings on the effects of the probiotic Bacillus subtilis on skeletal health of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress. It provides insights to aid in the development of practical strategies for improving health and performance in poultry.
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Brennan-Olsen SL, Vogrin S, Balogun S, Wu F, Scott D, Jones G, Hayes A, Phu S, Duque G, Beauchamp A, Talevski J, Naureen G, Winzenberg TM. Education, occupation and operational measures of sarcopenia: Six years of Australian data. Australas J Ageing 2020; 39:e498-e505. [PMID: 32969133 DOI: 10.1111/ajag.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine associations of education and occupation with handgrip strength (HGS), lower limb strength (LLS) and appendicular lean mass (ALM). METHODS Measures of HGS, LLS and ALM (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were ascertained at baseline in 1090 adults (50-80 years, 51% women), ~3 and 5 years. Education and occupation were self-reported, the latter categorised as high-skilled white collar (HSWC), low-skilled white collar (LSWC) or blue collar. Separate general estimating equations were performed. RESULTS The highest education group had greater HGS than the middle (0.33 psi) and lowest (0.48 psi) education groups, and 0.34 kg greater ALM than the lowest education group. HGS was 0.46 psi greater for HSWC than LSWC groups. Compared to LSWC groups, LLS was 5.38 and 7.08 kg greater in HSWC and blue-collar groups. Blue-collar and HSWC groups each had ~ 0.60-0.80kg greater ALM than LSWC. CONCLUSION Progressive muscle loss can be prevented by targeted intervention; thus, we suggest clinical attention be directed towards specific social groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Brennan-Olsen
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Vic., Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Vic., Australia.,School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Vic., Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Vic., Australia
| | - Saliu Balogun
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
| | - Feitong Wu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
| | - David Scott
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Vic., Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Vic., Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
| | - Alan Hayes
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Vic., Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Vic., Australia.,Institute of Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Vic., Australia
| | - Steven Phu
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Vic., Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Vic., Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Vic., Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Vic., Australia
| | - Alison Beauchamp
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Vic., Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Vic., Australia.,School of Rural Health, Monash University, Warragul, Vic., Australia
| | - Jason Talevski
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Vic., Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Vic., Australia
| | - Ghazala Naureen
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Vic., Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Vic., Australia
| | - Tania M Winzenberg
- School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia
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Titunick MB, Lewis GS, Cain JD, Zagon IS, McLaughlin PJ. Blockade of the OGF-OGFr pathway in diabetic bone. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 60:521-529. [PMID: 30931654 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1593396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This research investigated the presence and integrity of the opioid growth factor (OGF)-opioid growth factor receptor (OGFr) regulatory pathway in type 1 diabetic (T1D) rats, and investigated whether modulation of this axis by naltrexone (NTX) altered the composition of normal bone or fractured femurs. Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin; controls rats received buffer. Hyperglycemic animals were subjected to femur osteotomy, with randomized cohorts receiving either topical NTX or sterile saline in calcium carbonate. In experiment 2, hyperglycemic rats were injected daily for 3 weeks with either 30 mg/kg NTX or sterile saline. Expression levels of OGF and OGFr were measured by immunohistochemistry, bone composition was assessed by histomorphometry, and bone integrity was evaluated by µCT and 3-point bending. Results: Relative to normoglycemic bones, OGF and OGFr expression levels were increased 95% and 84%, respectively, in T1D bone; serum levels of OGF in T1D rats were elevated 23%. Hyperglycemia decreased the strength (26%), osteocalcin expression (17%), and number of proliferative (Ki67+) cells (32%) in intact femur. Topical NTX treatment of fractured femurs reduced the percentage of granulation tissue and increased cartilage. Systemic NTX treatment of diabetic rats increased strength by 21% and energy absorbed by105% in bone relative to measurements in saline-treated diabetic rats. Conclusions: The OGF-OGFr pathway appears to be dysregulated in the bone of T1D rats. Topical NTX treatment of T1D fractured bone accelerated some aspects of delayed diabetic fracture repair, and systemic NTX protected against some elements of compromised bone composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle B Titunick
- Hackensack-Meridian School of Medicine, Seton Hall University , Nutley , NJ , USA
| | - Gregory S Lewis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Jarrett D Cain
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Ian S Zagon
- Department of Neural & Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Patricia J McLaughlin
- Department of Neural & Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
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Hyde NK, Brennan-Olsen SL, Mohebbi M, Wark JD, Hosking SM, Pasco JA. Maternal vitamin D in pregnancy and offspring bone measures in childhood: The Vitamin D in Pregnancy study. Bone 2019; 124:126-131. [PMID: 31028958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Previously we have demonstrated an association between maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) during pregnancy and knee-heel length in offspring at birth. However, it is unknown whether maternal serum 25(OH)D is associated with bone measures in childhood. Thus, we aimed to examine associations between 25(OH)D at two stages of pregnancy and offspring bone measures at 11 years. Women were recruited from a single antenatal clinic in Victoria, Australia before 16 weeks gestation and provided two serum samples to determine 25(OH)D status at recruitment and 28-32 weeks gestation. Children and their mothers were followed up at 11 years of age. Children undertook dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scans at the lumbar spine and total body. Maternal 25(OH)D at recruitment (before 16 weeks gestation) was positively associated with the children's bone mineral content and density in boys, but not girls. In boys, a 10 nmol/L (4 ng/mL) increase in maternal 25(OH)D was associated with a median 0.5 g (95% CI 0.1,0.8) and 0.009 g/cm2 (95% CI 0.001,0.017) increase in bone mineral content and density at the spine, respectively, and a median 0.006 g/cm2 (95% CI 0.001,0.011) increase in at the total body. There was no sustained associations with 25(OH)D at the later timepoint (28-32 weeks) with any outcome. At age 11 years, maternal 25(OH)D levels during early pregnancy, but not late were positively associated with bone measures in boys, but not girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon L Brennan-Olsen
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohammadreza Mohebbi
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - John D Wark
- Bone and Mineral Medicine and University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Julie A Pasco
- Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia; Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Intensity-Specific Differential Leukocyte DNA Methylation in Physical (In)Activity: An Exploratory Approach. Twin Res Hum Genet 2018; 21:101-111. [PMID: 29582722 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2018.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate how sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) influence DNA methylation at a global, gene-specific, and health-related pathway level. SB, light PA (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) were assessed objectively for 41 Flemish men using the SenseWear Pro 3 Armband. CpG site-specific methylation in leukocytes was determined using the Illumina HumanMethylation 450 BeadChip. Correlations were calculated between time spent on the three PA intensity levels and global DNA methylation, using a z-score-based method to determine global DNA methylation levels. To determine whether CpG site-specific methylation can be predicted by these three PA intensity levels, linear regression analyses were performed. Based on the significantly associated CpG sites at α = 0.005, lists were created including all genes with a promoter region overlapping these CpG sites. A biological pathway analysis determined to what extent these genes are overrepresented within several pathways. No significant associations were observed between global DNA methylation and SB (r = 0.084), LPA (r = -0.168), or MVPA (r = -0.125), although the direction of the correlation coefficients is opposite to what is generally reported in literature. SB has a different impact on global and gene-specific methylation than PA, but also LPA and MVPA affect separate genes and pathways. Furthermore, the function of a pathway seems to determine its association with SB, LPA, or MVPA. Multiple PA intensity levels, including SB, should be taken into account in future studies investigating the effect of physical (in)activity on human health through epigenetic mechanisms.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epigenetic mechanisms modify gene activity in a stable manner without altering DNA sequence. They participate in the adaptation to the environment, as well as in the pathogenesis of common complex disorders. We provide an overview of the role of epigenetic mechanisms in bone biology and pathology. RECENT FINDINGS Extensive evidence supports the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, post-translational modifications of histone tails, and non-coding RNAs) in the differentiation of bone cells and mechanotransduction. A variety of epigenetic abnormalities have been described in patients with osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and skeletal cancers, but their actual pathogenetic roles are still unclear. A few drugs targeting epigenetic marks have been approved for neoplastic disorders, and many more are being actively investigated. Advances in the field of epigenetics underscore the complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors as determinants of osteoporosis and other common disorders. Likewise, they help to explain the mechanisms by which prenatal and post-natal external factors, from nutrition to psychological stress, impact our body and influence the risk of later disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Del Real
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Laura López-Delgado
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - José A Riancho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, 39008, Santander, Spain.
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Fredman NJ, Duque G, Duckham RL, Green D, Brennan-Olsen SL. Associations between socioeconomic factors and proinflammatory cytokines in children, adolescents and young adults: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019381. [PMID: 29490962 PMCID: PMC5855348 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is now substantial evidence of a social gradient in bone health. Social stressors, related to socioeconomic status, are suggested to produce an inflammatory response marked by increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Here we focus on the particular role in the years before the achievement of peak bone mass, encompassing childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. An examination of such associations will help explain how social factors such as occupation, level of education and income may affect later-life bone disorders. This paper presents the protocol for a systematic review of existing literature regarding associations between socioeconomic factors and proinflammatory cytokines in those aged 6-30 years. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will conduct a systematic search of PubMed, OVID and CINAHL databases to identify articles that examine associations between socioeconomic factors and levels of proinflammatory cytokines, known to influence bone health, during childhood, adolescence or young adulthood. The findings of this review have implications for the equitable development of peak bone mass regardless of socioeconomic factors. Two independent reviewers will determine the eligibility of studies according to predetermined criteria, and studies will be assessed for methodological quality using a published scoring system. Should statistical heterogeneity be non-significant, we will conduct a meta-analysis; however, if heterogeneity prevent numerical syntheses, we will undertake a best-evidence analysis to determine whether socioeconomic differences exist in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines from childhood through to young adulthood. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study will be a systematic review of published data, and thus ethics approval is not required. In addition to peer-reviewed publication, these findings will be presented at professional conferences in national and international arenas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick John Fredman
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Louise Duckham
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darci Green
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon Lee Brennan-Olsen
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Health Policy Collaboration, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Green D, Duque G, Fredman N, Rizvi A, Brennan-Olsen SL. Is there a social gradient of sarcopenia? A meta-analysis and systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019088. [PMID: 29331970 PMCID: PMC5905744 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenia (or loss of muscle mass and function) is a relatively new area within the field of musculoskeletal research and medicine. Investigating whether there is a social gradient, including occupation type and income level, of sarcopenia, as observed for other diseases, will contribute significantly to the limited evidence base for this disease. This new information may inform the prevention and management of sarcopenia and widen the evidence base to support existing and future health campaigns. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will conduct a systematic search of the databases PubMed, Ovid, CINAHL, Scopus and EMBASE to identify articles that investigate associations between social determinants of health and sarcopenia in adults aged 50 years and older. Eligibility of the selected studies will be determined by two independent reviewers. The methodological quality of eligible studies will be assessed according to predetermined criteria. Established statistical methods to identify and control for heterogeneity will be used, and where appropriate, we will conduct a meta-analysis. In the event that heterogeneity prevents numerical synthesis, a best evidence analysis will be employed. This systematic review protocol adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols reporting guidelines and will be registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This systematic review will use published data, thus ethical permissions will not be required. In addition to peer-reviewed publication, our results will be presented at (inter)national conferences relevant to the field of sarcopenia, ageing and/or musculoskeletal health and disseminated both electronically and in print. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42017072253.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darci Green
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nick Fredman
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aoun Rizvi
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon Lee Brennan-Olsen
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Health and Aging, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Histone deacetylation, DNA methylation, and micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are the three main epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene expression. All the physiological processes involved in bone remodeling are tightly regulated by epigenetic factors. This review discusses the main epigenetic modifications seen in tumoral and non-tumoral bone diseases, with emphasis on miRNAs. The role for epigenetic modifications of gene expression in the most common bone diseases is illustrated by drawing on the latest publications in the field. In multifactorial bone diseases such as osteoporosis, many epigenetic biomarkers, either alone or in combination, have been associated with bone mineral density or suggested to predict osteoporotic fractures. In addition, treatments designed to modulate bone remodeling by selectively targeting the function of specific miRNAs are being evaluated. Advances in the understanding of epigenetic regulation shed new light on the pathophysiology of other non-tumoral bone diseases, including genetic conditions inherited on a Mendelian basis. Finally, in the area of primary and metastatic bone tumors, the last few years have witnessed considerable progress in elucidating the epigenetic regulation of oncogenesis and its local interactions with bone tissue. These new data may allow the development of epigenetic outcome predictors, which are in very high demand, and of innovative therapeutic agents acting via miRNA modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Michou
- Division de rhumatologie, département de médecine,centre de recherche, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, R-4774 Québec, Canada; Service de rhumatologie,CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705, boulevard Laurier, R-4774 Québec, Canada.
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Hyde NK, Brennan-Olsen SL, Wark JD, Hosking SM, Holloway KL, Pasco JA. Maternal vitamin D and offspring trabecular bone score. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:3407-3414. [PMID: 28868588 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED No studies have explored the relationship with maternal vitamin D (25(OH)D) in pregnancy and offspring trabecular bone score (TBS). Our data suggest that maternal 25(OH)D in early pregnancy, but not late, may be associated with offspring TBS in boys. These data act as hypothesis-generating findings for confirmation in larger, longer-term studies. INTRODUCTION Trabecular bone score (TBS), a novel tool derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), reflects the microarchitecture of the vertebrae. It has been shown to predict fracture independent of standard DXA parameters in adult populations. Previously, we demonstrated that maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) during pregnancy is associated with offspring bone mineral content at age 11 years. However, associations with TBS have not been explored, thus we aimed to determine associations between maternal 25(OH)D and offspring TBS. METHODS Data were collected from the Vitamin D in Pregnancy (VIP) study. Venous blood samples were taken at recruitment and at 28-32 weeks' gestation. Maternal 25(OH)D was measured by radioimmunoassay. Offspring (n = 195, n = 181 with complete measures) underwent spine DXA (GE Lunar), at age 11 years (median = 10.9 (IQR 10.9-11.4)). TBS was calculated using TBS iNsight software. RESULTS Offspring of mothers with sufficient 25(OH)D levels (≥50 nmol/L) at recruitment had a higher TBS (1.363 vs. 1.340, p = 0.04). In multivariable linear regression models, after adjustment for child relative lean mass, sex and pubertal stage, a 10 nmol/L increase in maternal 25(OH)D was associated with a 0.005 (95% CI 0.000, 0.010, p = 0.04) increase in TBS. However when stratified by sex (p for interaction = 0.16), the association was significant in boys, but not girls. There were no associations with TBS and maternal 25(OH)D at 28-32 weeks. CONCLUSIONS We speculate that maternal 25(OH)D in early pregnancy may be associated with TBS in offspring at age 11 in boys. These hypothesis-generating findings warrant confirmation with larger interventional and long-term follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Hyde
- Epi-Centre for Healthy Ageing, IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University (Barwon Health), PO Box 281, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - S L Brennan-Olsen
- Epi-Centre for Healthy Ageing, IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University (Barwon Health), PO Box 281, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
- Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - J D Wark
- Department of Medicine, Bone and Mineral Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - S M Hosking
- Epi-Centre for Healthy Ageing, IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University (Barwon Health), PO Box 281, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - K L Holloway
- Epi-Centre for Healthy Ageing, IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University (Barwon Health), PO Box 281, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - J A Pasco
- Epi-Centre for Healthy Ageing, IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University (Barwon Health), PO Box 281, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School-Western Campus, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
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Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P, Kooman JP, McGuinness D. Circulating markers of ageing and allostatic load: A slow train coming. Pract Lab Med 2017; 7:49-54. [PMID: 28856219 PMCID: PMC5574864 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dealing with the growing burden of age-related morbidities is one of the greatest challenges facing modern society. How we age across the lifecourse and how psychosocial and lifestyle factors interplay with the biology of ageing remains to be fully elucidated. Sensitive and specific biomarkers with which to interrogate the biology of the ageing process are sparse. Recent evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs are key determinants of such processes and that these can be used as potential circulatory bio-markers of ageing. They may also provide a mechanism which mediates the spread of allostatic load across the body over time, ultimately reflecting the immunological health and physiological status of tissues and organs. The interplay between exosomal microRNAs and ageing processes is still relatively unexplored, although circulating microRNAs have been linked to the regulation of a range of physiological and pathological processes and offer insight into mechanistic determinants of healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G. Shiels
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson-Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jeroen P. Kooman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dagmara McGuinness
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson-Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, Glasgow, UK
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Khedgikar V, Kushwaha P, Ahmad N, Gautam J, Kumar P, Maurya R, Trivedi R. Ethanolic extract of Dalbergia sissoo promotes rapid regeneration of cortical bone in drill-hole defect model of rat. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 86:16-22. [PMID: 27936389 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaves of Dalbergia sissoo is known to have protective actions against postmenopausal bone loss in rat. In this study, we have evaluated the fracture healing properties of ethanolic extract (EE) of Dalbergia sissoo leaves. To observe the fracture healing property in the drill-hole injury model, we randomly divided total 32 adult female Sprague Dawley rats (180±200g) into 4 groups: (i) Control operated group; (ii) EE (250mg/kg/day); (iii) EE (500mg/kg/day) and (iv) EE (1000mg/kg/day). The right femora were fractured at the mid-diaphysis region and each group of rats received their respective treatment for 15days. Ethanol extract dose dependently induced bone regeneration at the fracture site assessed by fluorochrome labeling. All of three doses, 250mg/kg/day dose significantly increased bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, and connectivity density and decreased trabecular separation in bone. Furthermore, the extract induced the expression of osteogenic genes including BMP-2, BMP-4, RunX-2 and COL-1 compared to the control group. The EE improved fracture healing much earlier (day 15) than the normal healing process, as assessed by the increased callus volumes and mineralized nodule formation. This extract is found beneficial in fracture healing of rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Khedgikar
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Priyanka Kushwaha
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Naseer Ahmad
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Jyoti Gautam
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Padam Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
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Brennan-Olsen SL, Pasco JA, Williams LJ, Hyde NK, Jacka FN. The Microbiome: A Biological Mechanism Underpinning the Social Gradient of Musculoskeletal Conditions? J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1315. [PMID: 27018041 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Brennan-Olsen
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia.,Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julie A Pasco
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Natalie K Hyde
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
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