1
|
Al-Mutairi DA, Jarragh AA, Alsabah BH, Wein MN, Mohammed W, Alkharafi L. A homozygous SP7/OSX mutation causes osteogenesis and dentinogenesis imperfecta with craniofacial anomalies. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziae026. [PMID: 38562913 PMCID: PMC10984723 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous spectrum of hereditary genetic disorders that cause bone fragility, through various quantitative and qualitative defects of type 1 collagen, a triple helix composed of two α1 and one α2 chains encoded by COL1A1 and COL1A2, respectively. The main extra-skeletal manifestations of OI include blue sclerae, opalescent teeth, and hearing impairment. Moreover, multiple genes involved in osteoblast maturation and type 1 collagen biosynthesis are now known to cause recessive forms of OI. In this study a multiplex consanguineous family of two affected males with OI was recruited for genetic screening. To determine the causative, pathogenic variant(s), genomic DNA from two affected family members were analyzed using whole exome sequencing, autozygosity mapping, and then validated with Sanger sequencing. The analysis led to the mapping of a homozygous variant previously reported in SP7/OSX, a gene encoding for Osterix, a transcription factor that activates a repertoire of genes involved in osteoblast and osteocyte differentiation and function. The identified variant (c.946C > T; p.Arg316Cys) in exon 2 of SP7/OSX results in a pathogenic amino acid change in two affected male siblings and develops OI, dentinogenesis imperfecta, and craniofacial anomaly. On the basis of the findings of the present study, SP7/OSX:c. 946C > T is a rare homozygous variant causing OI with extra-skeletal features in inbred Arab populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalal A Al-Mutairi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, 13110 Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ali A Jarragh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, 13110 Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Basel H Alsabah
- Zain Specialized Hospital for Ear, Nose and Throat, 70030 Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Wasif Mohammed
- Department of Radiology, Al Sabah Hospital, 13041 Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Lateefa Alkharafi
- Cleft and Craniofacial Unit, Farwaniya Specialized Dental Center, Ministry of Health, 13001 Kuwait City, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Sun K, Xu Z, Chen Z, Wu W. Roles of SP/KLF transcription factors in odontoblast differentiation: From development to diseases. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38409677 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A zinc-finger transcription factor family comprising specificity proteins (SPs) and Krüppel-like factor proteins (KLFs) plays an important role in dentin development and regeneration. However, a systematic regulatory network involving SPs/KLFs in odontoblast differentiation has not yet been described. This review examined the expression patterns of SP/KLF gene family members and their current known functions and mechanisms in odontoblast differentiation, and discussed prospective research directions for further exploration of mechanisms involving the SP/KLF gene family in dentin development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant literature on SP/KLF gene family members and dentin development was acquired from PubMed and Web of Science. RESULTS We discuss the expression patterns, functions, and related mechanisms of eight members of the SP/KLF gene family in dentin development and genetic disorders with dental problems. We also summarize current knowledge about their complementary or synergistic actions. Finally, we propose future research directions for investigating the mechanisms of dentin development. CONCLUSIONS The SP/KLF gene family plays a vital role in tooth development. Studying the complex complementary or synergistic interactions between SPs/KLFs is helpful for understanding the process of odontoblast differentiation. Applications of single-cell and spatial multi-omics may provide a more complete investigation of the mechanism involved in dentin development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaida Sun
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zekai Xu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Wu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gauthier LW, Fontanges E, Chapurlat R, Collet C, Rossi M. Long-term follow-up of severe autosomal recessive SP7-related bone disorder. Bone 2024; 179:116953. [PMID: 37918503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The SP7 gene encodes a zinc finger transcription factor (Osterix), which is a member of the Sp subfamily of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins, playing an important role in osteoblast differentiation and maturation. SP7 pathogenic variants have been described in association with different allelic disorders. Monoallelic or biallelic SP7 variants cause Osteogenesis imperfecta type XII (OI12), a very rare condition characterized by recurrent fractures, skeletal deformities, undertubulation of long bones, hearing loss, no dentinogenesis imperfecta, and white sclerae. Monoallelic or biallelic SP7 variants may also cause sclerotic skeletal dysplasias (SSD), partially overlapping with Juvenile Paget's disease and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, characterized by skull hyperostosis, long bones sclerosis, large ribs and clavicles, and possible recurrent fractures. Here, we report the long-term follow-up of an 85-year-old woman presenting with a complex bone disorder including features of either OI12 (bone fragility with multiple fractures, severe deformities and short stature) or SSD (striking skull hyperostosis with optic atrophy, very large ribs and clavicles and long bones sclerosis). Exome sequencing showed previously undescribed biallelic loss of function variants in the SP7 gene: NM_001173467.2(SP7): c.359_362del, p.(Asp120Valfs*11); NM_001173467.2(SP7): c.1163_1174delinsT, p.(Pro388Leufs*33). RT-qPCR confirmed a severely reduced SP7 transcription compared to controls. Our report provides new insights into the clinical and molecular features and long-term outcome of SP7-related bone disorders (SP7-BD), suggesting a continuum phenotypic spectrum characterized by bone fragility, undertubulation of long bones, scoliosis, and very heterogeneous bone mineral density ranging from osteoporosis to osteosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas W Gauthier
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Reference Centre for Skeletal Dysplasias, Genetics Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Elisabeth Fontanges
- Bone Disease and Rheumatology Department, Reference Centre for Fibrous Dysplasia, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Roland Chapurlat
- Bone Disease and Rheumatology Department, Reference Centre for Fibrous Dysplasia, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France; INSERM UMR_S 1033, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Edouard Herriot hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Corinne Collet
- Department of Genetics, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Massimiliano Rossi
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Reference Centre for Skeletal Dysplasias, Genetics Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France; INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, GENDEV Team, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Bron, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun Y, Li L, Wang J, Liu H, Wang H. Emerging Landscape of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Approaches. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:72-96. [PMID: 38230285 PMCID: PMC10789133 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an uncommon genetic disorder characterized by shortness of stature, hearing loss, poor bone mass, recurrent fractures, and skeletal abnormalities. Pathogenic variations have been found in over 20 distinct genes that are involved in the pathophysiology of OI, contributing to the disorder's clinical and genetic variability. Although medications, surgical procedures, and other interventions can partially alleviate certain symptoms, there is still no known cure for OI. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of genetic pathogenesis, existing treatment modalities, and new developments in biotechnologies such as gene editing, stem cell reprogramming, functional differentiation, and transplantation for potential future OI therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- PET
Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges
Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Lin Li
- PET
Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges
Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Medical
School of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Huiting Liu
- PET
Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges
Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department
of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mercier-Guery A, Millet M, Merle B, Collet C, Bagouet F, Borel O, Sornay-Rendu E, Szulc P, Vignot E, Gensburger D, Fontanges E, Croset M, Chapurlat R. Dysregulation of MicroRNAs in Adult Osteogenesis Imperfecta: The miROI Study. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1665-1678. [PMID: 37715362 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
As epigenetic regulators of gene expression, circulating micro-RiboNucleic Acids (miRNAs) have been described in several bone diseases as potential prognostic markers. The aim of our study was to identify circulating miRNAs potentially associated with the severity of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) in three steps. We have screened by RNA sequencing for the miRNAs that were differentially expressed in sera of a small group of OI patients versus controls and then conducted a validation phase by RT-qPCR analysis of sera of a larger patient population. In the first phase of miROI, we found 79 miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed. We therefore selected 19 of them as the most relevant. In the second phase, we were able to validate the significant overexpression of 8 miRNAs in the larger OI group. Finally, we looked for a relationship between the level of variation of the validated miRNAs and the clinical characteristics of OI. We found a significant difference in the expression of two microRNAs in those patients with dentinogenesis imperfecta. After reviewing the literature, we found 6 of the 8 miRNAs already known to have a direct action on bone homeostasis. Furthermore, the use of a miRNA-gene interaction prediction model revealed a 100% probability of interaction between 2 of the 8 confirmed miRNAs and COL1A1 and/or COL1A2. This is the first study to establish the miRNA signature in OI, showing a significant modification of miRNA expression potentially involved in the regulation of genes involved in the physiopathology of OI. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Mercier-Guery
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital E. Herriot, Service de Rhumatologie et Pathologie Osseuse, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM UMR 1033; LYOS Pathophysiology, Diagnosis & Treatments of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Lyon, France
| | - Marjorie Millet
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM UMR 1033; LYOS Pathophysiology, Diagnosis & Treatments of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Lyon, France
| | - Blandine Merle
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM UMR 1033; LYOS Pathophysiology, Diagnosis & Treatments of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Lyon, France
| | - Corinne Collet
- CHU Robert Debré, Université de Paris Cité, Département de Génétique, CHU Lariboisière, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR1132, CHU Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Flora Bagouet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital E. Herriot, Service de Rhumatologie et Pathologie Osseuse, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Borel
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM UMR 1033; LYOS Pathophysiology, Diagnosis & Treatments of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Lyon, France
| | - Elisabeth Sornay-Rendu
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM UMR 1033; LYOS Pathophysiology, Diagnosis & Treatments of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Lyon, France
| | - Pawel Szulc
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM UMR 1033; LYOS Pathophysiology, Diagnosis & Treatments of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vignot
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital E. Herriot, Service de Rhumatologie et Pathologie Osseuse, Lyon, France
| | - Deborah Gensburger
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital E. Herriot, Service de Rhumatologie et Pathologie Osseuse, Lyon, France
| | - Elisabeth Fontanges
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital E. Herriot, Service de Rhumatologie et Pathologie Osseuse, Lyon, France
| | - Martine Croset
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM UMR 1033; LYOS Pathophysiology, Diagnosis & Treatments of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Lyon, France
| | - Roland Chapurlat
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital E. Herriot, Service de Rhumatologie et Pathologie Osseuse, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM UMR 1033; LYOS Pathophysiology, Diagnosis & Treatments of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang JS, Tokavanich N, Wein MN. SP7: from Bone Development to Skeletal Disease. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:241-252. [PMID: 36881265 PMCID: PMC10758296 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the different roles of the transcription factor SP7 in regulating bone formation and remodeling, discuss current studies in investigating the causal relationship between SP7 mutations and human skeletal disease, and highlight potential therapeutic treatments that targeting SP7 and the gene networks that it controls. RECENT FINDINGS Cell-type and stage-specific functions of SP7 have been identified during bone formation and remodeling. Normal bone development regulated by SP7 is strongly associated with human bone health. Dysfunction of SP7 results in common or rare skeletal diseases, including osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfecta with different inheritance patterns. SP7-associated signaling pathways, SP7-dependent target genes, and epigenetic regulations of SP7 serve as new therapeutic targets in the treatment of skeletal disorders. This review addresses the importance of SP7-regulated bone development in studying bone health and skeletal disease. Recent advances in whole genome and exome sequencing, GWAS, multi-omics, and CRISPR-mediated activation and inhibition have provided the approaches to investigate the gene-regulatory networks controlled by SP7 in bone and the therapeutic targets to treat skeletal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang S Wang
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nicha Tokavanich
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hendrickx G, Boudin E, Steenackers E, Collet C, Mortier GR, Geneviève D, Van Hul W. A recessive form of craniodiaphyseal dysplasia caused by a homozygous missense variant in SP7/Osterix. Bone 2023; 167:116633. [PMID: 36436818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gretl Hendrickx
- Department of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; Laboratory for Skeletal Dysplasia Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eveline Boudin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ellen Steenackers
- Department of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Corinne Collet
- INSERM U1132 and Université de Paris, Reference Centre for Rare Bone Diseases, Hospital Robert Debré, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Geert R Mortier
- Department of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; Laboratory for Skeletal Dysplasia Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Geneviève
- Montpellier University and INSERM U1183, Montpellier, France; Competence Center for Bone Diseases, Clinical Genetics Unit, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang JS, Wein MN. Pathways Controlling Formation and Maintenance of the Osteocyte Dendrite Network. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:493-504. [PMID: 36087214 PMCID: PMC9718876 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in osteocyte dendrite formation, summarize the similarities between osteocytic and neuronal projections, and highlight the importance of osteocyte dendrite maintenance in human skeletal disease. RECENT FINDINGS It is suggested that there is a causal relationship between the loss of osteocyte dendrites and the increased osteocyte apoptosis during conditions including aging, microdamage, and skeletal disease. A few mechanisms are proposed to control dendrite formation and outgrowth, such as via the regulation of actin polymerization dynamics. This review addresses the impact of osteocyte dendrites in bone health and disease. Recent advances in multi-omics, in vivo and in vitro models, and microscopy-based imaging have provided novel approaches to reveal the underlying mechanisms that regulate dendrite development. Future therapeutic approaches are needed to target the process of osteocyte dendrite formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang S Wang
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lv F, Cai X, Ji L. An Update on Animal Models of Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 111:345-366. [PMID: 35767009 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-00998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by bone fragility, multiple fractures, bone deformity, and short stature. In recent years, the application of next generation sequencing has triggered the discovery of many new genetic causes for OI. Until now, more than 25 genetic causes of OI and closely related disorders have been identified. However, the mechanisms of many genes on skeletal fragility in OI are not entirely clear. Animal models of OI could help to understand the cellular, signaling, and metabolic mechanisms contributing to the disease, and how targeting these pathways can provide therapeutic targets. To date, a lot of animal models, mainly mice and zebrafish, have been described with defects in 19 OI-associated genes. In this review, we summarize the known genetic causes and animal models that recapitulate OI with a main focus on engineered mouse and zebrafish models. Additionally, we briefly discuss domestic animals with naturally occurring OI phenotypes. Knowledge of the specific molecular basis of OI will advance clinical diagnosis and potentially stimulate targeted therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Xizhimen South Street No.11, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaoling Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Xizhimen South Street No.11, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Xizhimen South Street No.11, Beijing, 100044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
BMP Signaling Pathway in Dentin Development and Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142216. [PMID: 35883659 PMCID: PMC9317121 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BMP signaling plays an important role in dentin development. BMPs and antagonists regulate odontoblast differentiation and downstream gene expression via canonical Smad and non-canonical Smad signaling pathways. The interaction of BMPs with their receptors leads to the formation of complexes and the transduction of signals to the canonical Smad signaling pathway (for example, BMP ligands, receptors, and Smads) and the non-canonical Smad signaling pathway (for example, MAPKs, p38, Erk, JNK, and PI3K/Akt) to regulate dental mesenchymal stem cell/progenitor proliferation and differentiation during dentin development and homeostasis. Both the canonical Smad and non-canonical Smad signaling pathways converge at transcription factors, such as Dlx3, Osx, Runx2, and others, to promote the differentiation of dental pulp mesenchymal cells into odontoblasts and downregulated gene expressions, such as those of DSPP and DMP1. Dysregulated BMP signaling causes a number of tooth disorders in humans. Mutation or knockout of BMP signaling-associated genes in mice results in dentin defects which enable a better understanding of the BMP signaling networks underlying odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of BMP signaling in odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. It includes discussion of the expression of BMPs, their receptors, and the implicated downstream genes during dentinogenesis. In addition, the structures of BMPs, BMP receptors, antagonists, and dysregulation of BMP signaling pathways associated with dentin defects are described.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ludwig K, Ward LM, Khan N, Robinson ME, Miranda V, Bardai G, Moffatt P, Rauch F. Dominant osteogenesis imperfecta with low bone turnover caused by a heterozygous SP7 variant. Bone 2022; 160:116400. [PMID: 35367406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in SP7 (encoding osterix) have been identified as a rare cause of recessive osteogenesis imperfecta ('OI type XII') and in one case of dominant juvenile Paget's disease. We present the first description of young adult siblings with OI due to a unique heterozygous mutation in SP7. The phenotype was characterized by fragility fractures (primarily of the long bone diaphyses), poor healing, scoliosis, and dental malocclusion. Both siblings had very low cortical volumetric bone mineral density on peripheral quantitative computed tomography of the radius (z-scores -6.6 and - 6.7 at the diaphysis), porous cortices, and thin cortices at the radial metaphysis. Histomorphometry demonstrated thin cortices and low bone turnover with reduced osteoblast function. Both siblings were heterozygous for a missense variant affecting a highly conserved zinc finger domain of osterix (c.1019A > C; p.Glu340Ala) on DNA sequencing. Co-transfection of plasmids carrying the SP7 mutation with DLX5 and a luciferase reporter demonstrated that this variant impacted gene function (reduced transcription co-activation compared to wild-type SP7). The low cortical density and cortical porosity seen in our patients are consistent with previous reports of individuals with SP7 mutations. However, the low bone turnover in our patients contrasts with the high turnover state seen in previously reported patients with SP7 mutations. This report indicates that dominant variants in SP7 can give rise to OI. The predominant feature, low cortical density, is common in patients with other SP7 mutations, however other features appear to depend on the specific variant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karissa Ludwig
- Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Leanne M Ward
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nasrin Khan
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Valancy Miranda
- Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ghalib Bardai
- Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Moffatt
- Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hojo H, Ohba S. Sp7 Action in the Skeleton: Its Mode of Action, Functions, and Relevance to Skeletal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5647. [PMID: 35628456 PMCID: PMC9143072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoblast differentiation is a tightly regulated process in which key transcription factors (TFs) and their target genes constitute gene regulatory networks (GRNs) under the control of osteogenic signaling pathways. Among these TFs, Sp7 works as an osteoblast determinant critical for osteoblast differentiation. Following the identification of Sp7 and a large number of its functional studies, recent genome-scale analyses have made a major contribution to the identification of a "non-canonical" mode of Sp7 action as well as "canonical" ones. The analyses have not only confirmed known Sp7 targets but have also uncovered its additional targets and upstream factors. In addition, biochemical analyses have demonstrated that Sp7 actions are regulated by chemical modifications and protein-protein interaction with other transcriptional regulators. Sp7 is also involved in chondrocyte differentiation and osteocyte biology as well as postnatal bone metabolism. The critical role of SP7 in the skeleton is supported by its relevance to human skeletal diseases. This review aims to overview the Sp7 actions in skeletal development and maintenance, particularly focusing on recent advances in our understanding of how Sp7 functions in the skeleton under physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Hojo
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tung JYL, Ho JLI, Wong R, Fung SC. Dental phenotype in an adolescent with osteogenesis imperfecta type XII. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:15/4/e246554. [PMID: 35418376 PMCID: PMC9013958 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-246554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation in SP7, encoding the osteoblast-specific transcription factor SP7 (also known as osterix), has been described to cause osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type XII. However, the exact dental phenotype has not been well described. We report the detailed dental manifestation of a boy known to have OI type XII, presented with impacted dentition, necessitating combined oral and maxillofacial surgical and orthodontic treatment. This case also highlighted the need of multidisciplinary team assessment in this group of children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Yuet-Ling Tung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jeni Lai-In Ho
- Department of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ricky Wong
- Department of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Siu-Chung Fung
- Department of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lui JC, Raimann A, Hojo H, Dong L, Roschger P, Kikani B, Wintergerst U, Fratzl-Zelman N, Jee YH, Haeusler G, Baron J. A neomorphic variant in SP7 alters sequence specificity and causes a high-turnover bone disorder. Nat Commun 2022; 13:700. [PMID: 35121733 PMCID: PMC8816926 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SP7/Osterix is a transcription factor critical for osteoblast maturation and bone formation. Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in SP7 cause osteogenesis imperfecta type XII, but neomorphic (gain-of-new-function) mutations of SP7 have not been reported in humans. Here we describe a de novo dominant neomorphic missense variant (c.926 C > G:p.S309W) in SP7 in a patient with craniosynostosis, cranial hyperostosis, and long bone fragility. Histomorphometry shows increased osteoblasts but decreased bone mineralization. Mice with the corresponding variant also show a complex skeletal phenotype distinct from that of Sp7-null mice. The mutation alters the binding specificity of SP7 from AT-rich motifs to a GC-consensus sequence (typical of other SP family members) and produces an aberrant gene expression profile, including increased expression of Col1a1 and endogenous Sp7, but decreased expression of genes involved in matrix mineralization. Our study identifies a pathogenic mechanism in which a mutation in a transcription factor shifts DNA binding specificity and provides important in vivo evidence that the affinity of SP7 for AT-rich motifs, unique among SP proteins, is critical for normal osteoblast differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian C Lui
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Adalbert Raimann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Center for Disease and Integrative Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lijin Dong
- Genetic Engineering Core, National Eye Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bijal Kikani
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Uwe Wintergerst
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Braunau, Braunau, Austria
| | - Nadja Fratzl-Zelman
- Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Youn Hee Jee
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gabriele Haeusler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jeffrey Baron
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ohba S. Genome-scale actions of master regulators directing skeletal development. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2021; 57:217-223. [PMID: 34745394 PMCID: PMC8556520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian skeleton develops through two distinct modes of ossification: intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. During the process of skeletal development, SRY-box containing gene 9 (Sox9), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and Sp7 work as master transcription factors (TFs) or transcriptional regulators, underlying cell fate specification of the two distinct populations: bone-forming osteoblasts and cartilage-forming chondrocytes. In the past two decades, core transcriptional circuits underlying skeletal development have been identified mainly through mouse genetics and biochemical approaches. Recently emerging next-generation sequencer (NGS)-based studies have provided genome-scale views on the gene regulatory landscape programmed by the master TFs/transcriptional regulators. With particular focus on Sox9, Runx2, and Sp7, this review aims to discuss the gene regulatory landscape in skeletal development, which has been identified by genome-scale data, and provide future perspectives in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang JS, Kamath T, Mazur CM, Mirzamohammadi F, Rotter D, Hojo H, Castro CD, Tokavanich N, Patel R, Govea N, Enishi T, Wu Y, da Silva Martins J, Bruce M, Brooks DJ, Bouxsein ML, Tokarz D, Lin CP, Abdul A, Macosko EZ, Fiscaletti M, Munns CF, Ryder P, Kost-Alimova M, Byrne P, Cimini B, Fujiwara M, Kronenberg HM, Wein MN. Control of osteocyte dendrite formation by Sp7 and its target gene osteocrin. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6271. [PMID: 34725346 PMCID: PMC8560803 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Some osteoblasts embed within bone matrix, change shape, and become dendrite-bearing osteocytes. The circuitry that drives dendrite formation during "osteocytogenesis" is poorly understood. Here we show that deletion of Sp7 in osteoblasts and osteocytes causes defects in osteocyte dendrites. Profiling of Sp7 target genes and binding sites reveals unexpected repurposing of this transcription factor to drive dendrite formation. Osteocrin is a Sp7 target gene that promotes osteocyte dendrite formation and rescues defects in Sp7-deficient mice. Single-cell RNA-sequencing demonstrates defects in osteocyte maturation in the absence of Sp7. Sp7-dependent osteocyte gene networks are associated with human skeletal diseases. Moreover, humans with a SP7R316C mutation show defective osteocyte morphology. Sp7-dependent genes that mark osteocytes are enriched in neurons, highlighting shared features between osteocytic and neuronal connectivity. These findings reveal a role for Sp7 and its target gene Osteocrin in osteocytogenesis, revealing that pathways that control osteocyte development influence human bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang S Wang
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tushar Kamath
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Courtney M Mazur
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fatemeh Mirzamohammadi
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Rotter
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Christian D Castro
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicha Tokavanich
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rushi Patel
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas Govea
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tetsuya Enishi
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokushima Municipal Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yunshu Wu
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Michael Bruce
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Brooks
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MaA, USA
| | - Mary L Bouxsein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MaA, USA
| | - Danielle Tokarz
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Charles P Lin
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abdul Abdul
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Evan Z Macosko
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa Fiscaletti
- Pediatric Department, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Craig F Munns
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Pearl Ryder
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Imaging Platform, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maria Kost-Alimova
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Byrne
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Beth Cimini
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Imaging Platform, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Makoto Fujiwara
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Henry M Kronenberg
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tran TT, Keller RB, Guillemyn B, Pepin M, Corteville JE, Khatib S, Fallah MS, Zeinali S, Malfait F, Symoens S, Coucke P, Witters P, Levtchenko E, Bagherian H, Nickerson DA, Bamshad MJ, Chong JX, Byers PH. Biallelic variants in MESD, which encodes a WNT-signaling-related protein, in four new families with recessively inherited osteogenesis imperfecta. HGG ADVANCES 2021; 2:100051. [PMID: 35047842 PMCID: PMC8756491 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone disorder osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is genetically heterogeneous. Most affected individuals have an autosomal dominant disorder caused by heterozygous variants in either of the type I collagen genes (COL1A1 or COL1A2). To date, two reports have linked Mesoderm Development LRP Chaperone (MESD) to autosomal recessive OI type XX. Four different biallelic pathogenic variants in MESD were shown to cause a progressively deforming phenotype, associated with recurrent fractures and oligodontia in five individuals in five families. Recently, compound heterozygosity for a frameshift predicted to lead to a premature termination codon in exon 2 of the 3-exon gene and a second frameshift in the terminal exon in MESD were detected in three stillbirths in one family with severe OI consistent with the neonatal lethal phenotype. We have identified four additional individuals from four independent families with biallelic variants in MESD: the earlier reported c.632dupA (p.Lys212Glufs∗19) and c.676C>T (p.Arg226∗)-which are associated with a severe form of OI-and one new pathogenic variant, c.603-606delTAAA (p.Asn201Lysfs∗15), which causes a neonatal lethal form of OI. MESD acts in the WNT signaling pathway, where it is thought to play a role in the folding of the WNT co-receptors low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5/LRP6) and in chaperoning their transit to the cell surface. Our report broadens the phenotypic and genetic spectrum of MESD-related OI, provides additional insight into the pathogenic pathways, and underscores the necessity of MESD for normal WNT signaling in bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thao T. Tran
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rachel B. Keller
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brecht Guillemyn
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Melanie Pepin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jane E. Corteville
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Samir Khatib
- GMDC Al Quds University, P.O. Box 5100, Abu Dis, Palestine
| | | | - Sirous Zeinali
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kawsar Human Genetics Research Center, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fransiska Malfait
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Symoens
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Witters
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Leuven, Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Levtchenko
- University Hospital Leuven, Departments of Pediatric Nephrology and Development and Regeneration, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hamideh Bagherian
- GMDC Al Quds University, P.O. Box 5100, Abu Dis, Palestine
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kawsar Human Genetics Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Michael J. Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jessica X. Chong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Peter H. Byers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kague E, Turci F, Newman E, Yang Y, Brown KR, Aglan MS, Otaify GA, Temtamy SA, Ruiz-Perez VL, Cross S, Royall CP, Witten PE, Hammond CL. 3D assessment of intervertebral disc degeneration in zebrafish identifies changes in bone density that prime disc disease. Bone Res 2021; 9:39. [PMID: 34465741 PMCID: PMC8408153 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Back pain is a common condition with a high social impact and represents a global health burden. Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is one of the major causes of back pain; no therapeutics are currently available to reverse this disease. The impact of bone mineral density (BMD) on IVDD has been controversial, with some studies suggesting osteoporosis as causative for IVDD and others suggesting it as protective for IVDD. Functional studies to evaluate the influence of genetic components of BMD in IVDD could highlight opportunities for drug development and repurposing. By taking a holistic 3D approach, we established an aging zebrafish model for spontaneous IVDD. Increased BMD in aging, detected by automated computational analysis, is caused by bone deformities at the endplates. However, aged zebrafish spines showed changes in bone morphology, microstructure, mineral heterogeneity, and increased fragility that resembled osteoporosis. Elements of the discs recapitulated IVDD symptoms found in humans: the intervertebral ligament (equivalent to the annulus fibrosus) showed disorganized collagen fibers and herniation, while the disc center (nucleus pulposus equivalent) showed dehydration and cellular abnormalities. We manipulated BMD in young zebrafish by mutating sp7 and cathepsin K, leading to low and high BMD, respectively. Remarkably, we detected IVDD in both groups, demonstrating that low BMD does not protect against IVDD, and we found a strong correlation between high BMD and IVDD. Deep learning was applied to high-resolution synchrotron µCT image data to analyze osteocyte 3D lacunar distribution and morphology, revealing a role of sp7 in controlling the osteocyte lacunar 3D profile. Our findings suggest potential avenues through which bone quality can be targeted to identify beneficial therapeutics for IVDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Kague
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Francesco Turci
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elis Newman
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Yushi Yang
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Robson Brown
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mona S. Aglan
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Center of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada A. Otaify
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Center of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia A. Temtamy
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Center of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Victor L. Ruiz-Perez
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Instituto de Investigaciones, Biomedicas de Madrid, and Ciber de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephen Cross
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C. Patrick Royall
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - P. Eckhard Witten
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chrissy L. Hammond
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Graves LE, Wall CL, Briody JN, Bennetts B, Wong K, Onikul E, Biggin A, Munns CF. High Bone Mineral Density Osteogenesis Imperfecta in a Family with a Novel Pathogenic Variant in COL1A2. Horm Res Paediatr 2021; 93:263-271. [PMID: 32920552 DOI: 10.1159/000510463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogenous group of heritable bone dysplasias characterized by bone fragility, typically low bone mass, joint laxity, easy bruising, and variable short stature. Classical OI is caused by autosomal dominant pathogenic variants in COL1A1 or COL1A2 that result in either reduced production of normal type 1 collagen or structurally abnormal collagen molecules. Pathogenic variants in these genes generally result in low bone mass. Here, we report a family that had 2 affected individuals who presented with minimal trauma fractures and were found to have elevated bone mineral density (BMD) and a previously unreported variant in COL1A2 c.3356C>T p.(Ala1119Val). We report the change in BMD using dual-energy X-ray and peripheral quantitative computed tomography over a 2.3-year period in the proband. This case report highlights the importance of BMD studies and genetic testing in the diagnostic process for brittle bone disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara E Graves
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - Christie-Lee Wall
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie N Briody
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bruce Bennetts
- Molecular Genetics Department, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Genomic Medicine, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Wong
- Molecular Genetics Department, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ella Onikul
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Biggin
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Craig F Munns
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Smith CEL, Whitehouse LLE, Poulter JA, Wilkinson Hewitt L, Nadat F, Jackson BR, Manfield IW, Edwards TA, Rodd HD, Inglehearn CF, Mighell AJ. A missense variant in specificity protein 6 (SP6) is associated with amelogenesis imperfecta. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1417-1425. [PMID: 32167558 PMCID: PMC7268548 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amelogenesis is the process of enamel formation. For amelogenesis to proceed, the cells of the inner enamel epithelium (IEE) must first proliferate and then differentiate into the enamel-producing ameloblasts. Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a heterogeneous group of genetic conditions that result in defective or absent tooth enamel. We identified a 2 bp variant c.817_818GC>AA in SP6, the gene encoding the SP6 transcription factor, in a Caucasian family with autosomal dominant hypoplastic AI. The resulting missense protein change, p.(Ala273Lys), is predicted to alter a DNA-binding residue in the first of three zinc fingers. SP6 has been shown to be crucial to both proliferation of the IEE and to its differentiation into ameloblasts. SP6 has also been implicated as an AI candidate gene through its study in rodent models. We investigated the effect of the missense variant in SP6 (p.(Ala273Lys)) using surface plasmon resonance protein-DNA binding studies. We identified a potential SP6 binding motif in the AMBN proximal promoter sequence and showed that wild-type (WT) SP6 binds more strongly to it than the mutant protein. We hypothesize that SP6 variants may be a very rare cause of AI due to the critical roles of SP6 in development and that the relatively mild effect of the missense variant identified in this study is sufficient to affect amelogenesis causing AI, but not so severe as to be incompatible with life. We suggest that current AI cohorts, both with autosomal recessive and dominant disease, be screened for SP6 variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire E L Smith
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Laura L E Whitehouse
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK
| | - James A Poulter
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Laura Wilkinson Hewitt
- Protein Production Facility, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Fatima Nadat
- Protein Production Facility, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Brian R Jackson
- Protein Production Facility, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Iain W Manfield
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Technology Facility, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Thomas A Edwards
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Helen D Rodd
- Academic Unit of Oral Health Dentistry and Society, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Chris F Inglehearn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Alan J Mighell
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Claeys L, Storoni S, Eekhoff M, Elting M, Wisse L, Pals G, Bravenboer N, Maugeri A, Micha D. Collagen transport and related pathways in Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Hum Genet 2021; 140:1121-1141. [PMID: 34169326 PMCID: PMC8263409 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) comprises a heterogeneous group of patients who share bone fragility and deformities as the main characteristics, albeit with different degrees of severity. Phenotypic variation also exists in other connective tissue aspects of the disease, complicating disease classification and disease course prediction. Although collagen type I defects are long established as the primary cause of the bone pathology, we are still far from comprehending the complete mechanism. In the last years, the advent of next generation sequencing has triggered the discovery of many new genetic causes for OI, helping to draw its molecular landscape. It has become clear that, in addition to collagen type I genes, OI can be caused by multiple proteins connected to different parts of collagen biosynthesis. The production of collagen entails a complex process, starting from the production of the collagen Iα1 and collagen Iα2 chains in the endoplasmic reticulum, during and after which procollagen is subjected to a plethora of posttranslational modifications by chaperones. After reaching the Golgi organelle, procollagen is destined to the extracellular matrix where it forms collagen fibrils. Recently discovered mutations in components of the retrograde transport of chaperones highlight its emerging role as critical contributor of OI development. This review offers an overview of collagen regulation in the context of recent gene discoveries, emphasizing the significance of transport disruptions in the OI mechanism. We aim to motivate exploration of skeletal fragility in OI from the perspective of these pathways to identify regulatory points which can hint to therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauria Claeys
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Storoni
- Department of Internal Medicine Section Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marelise Eekhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine Section Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariet Elting
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne Wisse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pals
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam /UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Maugeri
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitra Micha
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dietrich K, Fiedler IA, Kurzyukova A, López-Delgado AC, McGowan LM, Geurtzen K, Hammond CL, Busse B, Knopf F. Skeletal Biology and Disease Modeling in Zebrafish. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:436-458. [PMID: 33484578 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are teleosts (bony fish) that share with mammals a common ancestor belonging to the phylum Osteichthyes, from which their endoskeletal systems have been inherited. Indeed, teleosts and mammals have numerous genetically conserved features in terms of skeletal elements, ossification mechanisms, and bone matrix components in common. Yet differences related to bone morphology and function need to be considered when investigating zebrafish in skeletal research. In this review, we focus on zebrafish skeletal architecture with emphasis on the morphology of the vertebral column and associated anatomical structures. We provide an overview of the different ossification types and osseous cells in zebrafish and describe bone matrix composition at the microscopic tissue level with a focus on assessing mineralization. Processes of bone formation also strongly depend on loading in zebrafish, as we elaborate here. Furthermore, we illustrate the high regenerative capacity of zebrafish bones and present some of the technological advantages of using zebrafish as a model. We highlight zebrafish axial and fin skeleton patterning mechanisms, metabolic bone disease such as after immunosuppressive glucocorticoid treatment, as well as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and osteopetrosis research in zebrafish. We conclude with a view of why larval zebrafish xenografts are a powerful tool to study bone metastasis. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Dietrich
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Imke Ak Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kurzyukova
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alejandra C López-Delgado
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucy M McGowan
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karina Geurtzen
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Knopf
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Skarp S, Xia JH, Zhang Q, Löija M, Costantini A, Ruddock LW, Mäkitie O, Wei GH, Männikkö M. Exome Sequencing Reveals a Phenotype Modifying Variant in ZNF528 in Primary Osteoporosis With a COL1A2 Deletion. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:2381-2392. [PMID: 32722848 PMCID: PMC7757391 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We studied a family with severe primary osteoporosis carrying a heterozygous p.Arg8Phefs*14 deletion in COL1A2, leading to haploinsufficiency. Three affected individuals carried the mutation and presented nearly identical spinal fractures but lacked other typical features of either osteogenesis imperfecta or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Although mutations leading to haploinsufficiency in COL1A2 are rare, mutations in COL1A1 that lead to less protein typically result in a milder phenotype. We hypothesized that other genetic factors may contribute to the severe phenotype in this family. We performed whole-exome sequencing in five family members and identified in all three affected individuals a rare nonsense variant (c.1282C > T/p.Arg428*, rs150257846) in ZNF528. We studied the effect of the variant using qPCR and Western blot and its subcellular localization with immunofluorescence. Our results indicate production of a truncated ZNF528 protein that locates in the cell nucleus as per the wild-type protein. ChIP and RNA sequencing analyses on ZNF528 and ZNF528-c.1282C > T indicated that ZNF528 binding sites are linked to pathways and genes regulating bone morphology. Compared with the wild type, ZNF528-c.1282C > T showed a global shift in genomic binding profile and pathway enrichment, possibly contributing to the pathophysiology of primary osteoporosis. We identified five putative target genes for ZNF528 and showed that the expression of these genes is altered in patient cells. In conclusion, the variant leads to expression of truncated ZNF528 and a global change of its genomic occupancy, which in turn may lead to altered expression of target genes. ZNF528 is a novel candidate gene for bone disorders and may function as a transcriptional regulator in pathways affecting bone morphology and contribute to the phenotype of primary osteoporosis in this family together with the COL1A2 deletion. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sini Skarp
- Infrastructure for Population Studies, Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ji-Han Xia
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Qin Zhang
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marika Löija
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alice Costantini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lloyd W Ruddock
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Children's Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Genetics Research Program, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gong-Hong Wei
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minna Männikkö
- Infrastructure for Population Studies, Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Marom R, Rabenhorst BM, Morello R. Osteogenesis imperfecta: an update on clinical features and therapies. Eur J Endocrinol 2020; 183:R95-R106. [PMID: 32621590 PMCID: PMC7694877 DOI: 10.1530/eje-20-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited skeletal dysplasia characterized by bone fragility and skeletal deformities. While the majority of cases are associated with pathogenic variants in COL1A1 and COL1A2, the genes encoding type I collagen, up to 25% of cases are associated with other genes that function within the collagen biosynthesis pathway or are involved in osteoblast differentiation and bone mineralization. Clinically, OI is heterogeneous in features and variable in severity. In addition to the skeletal findings, it can affect multiple systems including dental and craniofacial abnormalities, muscle weakness, hearing loss, respiratory and cardiovascular complications. A multi-disciplinary approach to care is recommended to address not only the fractures, reduced mobility, growth and bone pain but also other extra-skeletal manifestations. While bisphosphonates remain the mainstay of treatment in OI, new strategies are being explored, such as sclerostin inhibitory antibodies and TGF beta inhibition, to address not only the low bone mineral density but also the inherent bone fragility. Studies in animal models have expanded the understanding of pathomechanisms of OI and, along with ongoing clinical trials, will allow to develop better therapeutic approaches for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Marom
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Brien M. Rabenhorst
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Roy Morello
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
- Division of Genetics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang B, Li R, Wang W, Zhou X, Luo B, Zhu Z, Zhang X, Ding A. The role of WNT1 mutant variant (WNT1 c.677C>T ) in osteogenesis imperfecta. Ann Hum Genet 2020; 84:447-455. [PMID: 32757296 PMCID: PMC7590185 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also known as "brittle bone disease," is a rare inherited genetic disorder characterized by bone fragility and often associated with short stature. The mutation in WNT1 causes autosomal recessive OI (AR-OI) due to the key role of WNT/β-catenin signaling in bone formation. WNT1 mutations cause phenotypes in OI of varying degrees of clinical severity, ranging from moderate to progressively deforming forms. The nucleotide change c.677C > T is one of the recurrent variants in the WNT1 alleles in Chinese AR-OI patients. To explore the effects of mutation c.677C > T on WNT1 function, we evaluated the activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling, cell proliferation, osteoblast differentiation, and osteoclast differentiation in WNT1c.677C>T , WNT1c.884C>A , and wild type WNT1 transfected into MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts. Plasmids containing wild type WNT1, WNT1c.677C>T , and WNT1c.884C>A cDNAs were constructed. Protein levels of phosphorylation at serine 9 of GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β), GSK-3β, nonphosphorylated β-catenin (non-p-β-catenin), and β-catenin were detected with western blot. Cell proliferation was determined using MTS. BMP-2 and RANKL mRNA and protein levels were detected by qPCR and western blot. Our results showed that WNT1c.677C>T failed to activate WNT/β-catenin signaling and impaired the proliferation of preosteoblasts. Moreover, compared to wild type WNT1, WNT1c.677C>T downregulated BMP-2 protein expression and was exhibited a diminished capacity to suppress the RANKL protein level. In conclusion, mutation c.677C > T hindered the ability of WNT1 to induce the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway and it affected the WNT/β-catenin pathway which might potentially contribute to hampered bone homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bashan Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Rong Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wenfeng Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xueming Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Beijing Luo
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zinian Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xibo Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Aijiao Ding
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hayat A, Hussain S, Bilal M, Kausar M, Almuzzaini B, Abbas S, Tanveer A, Khan A, Siddiqi S, Foo JN, Ahmad F, Khan F, Khan B, Anees M, Mäkitie O, Alfadhel M, Ahmad W, Umair M. Biallelic variants in four genes underlying recessive osteogenesis imperfecta. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103954. [PMID: 32413570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.103954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited heterogeneous rare skeletal disorder characterized by increased bone fragility and low bone mass. The disorder mostly segregates in an autosomal dominant manner. However, several rare autosomal recessive and X-linked forms, caused by mutations in 18 different genes, have also been described in the literature. Here, we present five consanguineous families segregating OI in an autosomal recessive pattern. Affected individuals in the five families presented severe forms of skeletal deformities. It included frequent bone fractures with abnormal healing, short stature, facial dysmorphism, osteopenia, joint laxity, and severe scoliosis. In order to search for the causative variants, DNA of at least one affected individual in three families (A-C) were subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES). In two other families (D-E), linkage analysis using highly polymorphic microsatellite markers was followed by Sanger sequencing. Sequence analysis revealed two novels and three previously reported disease-causing variants. The two novel homozygous variants including [c.824G > A; p.(Cys275Tyr)] in the SP7 gene and [c.397C > T, p.(Gln133*)] in the SERPINF1 gene were identified in families A and B, respectively. The three previously reported homozygous variants including [c.497G > A; p.(Arg166His)] in the SPARC gene, (c.359-3C > G; intron 2) and [c.677C > T; p.(Ser226Leu)] in the WNT1 gene were identified in family C, D, and E. In conclusion, our findings provided additional evidence of involvement of homozygous sequence variants in the SP7, SERPINF1, SPARC and WNT1 genes causing severe OI. It also highlights the importance of extensive genetic investigations to search for the culprit gene in each case of skeletal deformity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hayat
- Department Biochemistry, Faculty of Life and Chemical Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Shabir Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehran Kausar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Rehman College of Allied Health Sciences, RMI, Phase-5, Hayatabad, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Bader Almuzzaini
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safdar Abbas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adeena Tanveer
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Khan
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Plateforme GENOMAX, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Université de Strasbourg, 67085, Strasbourg, France; Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Plateau Technique de Biologie, Pôle de Biologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg, France
| | - Saima Siddiqi
- Institute of Biomedical & Genetic Engineering (IB&GE), Mauve area, G-9, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Farooq Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Women University Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan
| | - Feroz Khan
- Department of Zoology and Biology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Khan
- Department Biochemistry, Faculty of Life and Chemical Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Anees
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hojo H, Ohba S. Gene regulatory landscape in osteoblast differentiation. Bone 2020; 137:115458. [PMID: 32474244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of osteoblasts, a bone-forming cell population, occurs in conjunction with development of the skeleton, which creates our physical framework and shapes the body. In the past two decades, genetic studies have uncovered the molecular framework of this process-namely, transcriptional regulators and signaling pathways coordinate the cell fate determination and differentiation of osteoblasts in a spatial and temporal manner. Recently emerging genome-wide studies provide additional layers of understanding of the gene regulatory landscape during osteoblast differentiation, allowing us to gain novel insight into the modes of action of the key regulators, functional interaction among the regulator-bound enhancers, epigenetic regulations, and the complex nature of regulatory inputs. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the transcriptional regulation in osteoblasts, in terms of the gene regulatory landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Hojo
- Department of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sikora M, Marycz K, Smieszek A. Small and Long Non-coding RNAs as Functional Regulators of Bone Homeostasis, Acting Alone or Cooperatively. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 21:792-803. [PMID: 32791451 PMCID: PMC7419272 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging knowledge indicates that non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have a pivotal role in bone development and the pathogenesis of bone-related disorders. Most recently, miRNAs have started to be regarded as potential biomarkers or targets for various sets of diseases, while lncRNAs have gained attention as a new layer of gene expression control acting through versatile interactions, also with miRNAs. The rapid development of RNA sequencing techniques based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) gives us better insight into molecular pathways regulated by the miRNA-lncRNA network. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge related to the function of miRNAs and lncRNAs as regulators of genes that are crucial for proper bone metabolism and homeostasis. We have characterized important non-coding RNAs and their expression signatures, in relationship to bone. Analysis of the biological function of miRNAs and lncRNAs, as well as their network, will pave the way for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of various bone disorders. We also think that this knowledge may lead to the development of innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches for bone-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Sikora
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wroclaw, Norwida 27B Street, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11 Street, 55-124 Malin, Poland; Collegium Medicum, Institute of Medical Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University (UKSW), Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Smieszek
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wroclaw, Norwida 27B Street, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Treurniet S, Eekhoff EMW, Schmidt FN, Micha D, Busse B, Bravenboer N. A Clinical Perspective on Advanced Developments in Bone Biopsy Assessment in Rare Bone Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:399. [PMID: 32714279 PMCID: PMC7344330 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bone biopsies have been obtained for many centuries and are one of the oldest known medical procedures in history. Despite the introduction of new noninvasive radiographic imaging techniques and genetic analyses, bone biopsies are still valuable in the diagnosis of bone diseases. Advanced techniques for the assessment of bone quality in bone biopsies, which have emerged during the last decades, allows in-depth tissue analyses beyond structural changes visible in bone histology. In this review, we give an overview of the application and advantages of the advanced techniques for the analysis of bone biopsies in the clinical setting of various rare metabolic bone diseases. Method: A systematic literature search on rare metabolic bone diseases and analyzing techniques of bone biopsies was performed in PubMed up to 2019 week 34. Results: Advanced techniques for the analysis of bone biopsies were described for rare metabolic bone disorders including Paget's disease of bone, osteogenesis imperfecta, fibrous dysplasia, Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, PLS3 X-linked osteoporosis, Loeys-Diets syndrome, osteopetrosis, Erdheim-Chester disease, and Cherubism. A variety of advanced available analytical techniques were identified that may help to provide additional detail on cellular, structural, and compositional characteristics in rare bone diseases complementing classical histopathology. Discussion: To date, these techniques have only been used in research and not in daily clinical practice. Clinical application of bone quality assessment techniques depends upon several aspects such as availability of the technique in hospitals, the existence of reference data, and a cooperative network of researchers and clinicians. The evaluation of rare metabolic bone disorders requires a repertoire of different methods, owing to their distinct bone tissue characteristics. The broader use of bone material obtained from biopsies could provide much more information about pathophysiology or treatment options and establish bone biopsies as a valuable tool in rare metabolic bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Treurniet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M. W. Eekhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Felix N. Schmidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dimitra Micha
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Bone and Calcium Metabolism Lab, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Nathalie Bravenboer
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Mendelian bone fragility disorders are caused by genetic variants that can be inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked manner and have a large detrimental effect on bone strength. As a rule, the more damaging the genetic defect is, the earlier the first fracture will occur, typically during bone development. This review focusses on conditions where bone fragility is the most conspicuous characteristic, of which osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is the best-known disorder. The large majority of individuals with an OI phenotype have disease-causing dominant variants in COL1A1 or COL1A2, the genes coding for collagen type I. Interestingly, large sequencing databases indicate that there are about 10 times more carriers of COL1A1/COL1A2 variants that should lead to OI than there are individuals with a diagnosis of OI. It is possible that at least some of these variants lead to incomplete OI phenotypes and are diagnosed as osteoporosis during adulthood. Apart from mutations affecting collagen type I production, biallelic mutations in LRP5 and WNT1 can cause very rare and severe bone fragility disorders. Heterozygous pathogenic variants in these genes are much more common and can cause the clinical picture of primary osteoporosis. As sequencing studies are more widely performed in adults with bone fragility disorders, evidence is emerging that what appears as primary osteoporosis in fact can be due to mutations in bona fide OI genes. The distinction between OI and primary osteoporosis is therefore likely to blur in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Besio R, Chow CW, Tonelli F, Marini JC, Forlino A. Bone biology: insights from osteogenesis imperfecta and related rare fragility syndromes. FEBS J 2019; 286:3033-3056. [PMID: 31220415 PMCID: PMC7384889 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The limited accessibility of bone and its mineralized nature have restricted deep investigation of its biology. Recent breakthroughs in identification of mutant proteins affecting bone tissue homeostasis in rare skeletal diseases have revealed novel pathways involved in skeletal development and maintenance. The characterization of new dominant, recessive and X-linked forms of the rare brittle bone disease osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and other OI-related bone fragility disorders was a key player in this advance. The development of in vitro models for these diseases along with the generation and characterization of murine and zebrafish models contributed to dissecting previously unknown pathways. Here, we describe the most recent advances in the understanding of processes involved in abnormal bone mineralization, collagen processing and osteoblast function, as illustrated by the characterization of new causative genes for OI and OI-related fragility syndromes. The coordinated role of the integral membrane protein BRIL and of the secreted protein PEDF in modulating bone mineralization as well as the function and cross-talk of the collagen-specific chaperones HSP47 and FKBP65 in collagen processing and secretion are discussed. We address the significance of WNT ligand, the importance of maintaining endoplasmic reticulum membrane potential and of regulating intramembrane proteolysis in osteoblast homeostasis. Moreover, we also examine the relevance of the cytoskeletal protein plastin-3 and of the nucleotidyltransferase FAM46A. Thanks to these advances, new targets for the development of novel therapies for currently incurable rare bone diseases have been and, likely, will be identified, supporting the important role of basic science for translational approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Besio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chi-Wing Chow
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, NICHD, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Francesca Tonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Joan C Marini
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, NICHD, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Novel mutations in BMP1 induce a rare type of osteogenesis imperfecta. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 489:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|