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Dashti P, Lewallen EA, Gordon JAR, Montecino MA, Davie JR, Stein GS, van Leeuwen JPTM, van der Eerden BCJ, van Wijnen AJ. Epigenetic regulators controlling osteogenic lineage commitment and bone formation. Bone 2024; 181:117043. [PMID: 38341164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Bone formation and homeostasis are controlled by environmental factors and endocrine regulatory cues that initiate intracellular signaling pathways capable of modulating gene expression in the nucleus. Bone-related gene expression is controlled by nucleosome-based chromatin architecture that limits the accessibility of lineage-specific gene regulatory DNA sequences and sequence-specific transcription factors. From a developmental perspective, bone-specific gene expression must be suppressed during the early stages of embryogenesis to prevent the premature mineralization of skeletal elements during fetal growth in utero. Hence, bone formation is initially inhibited by gene suppressive epigenetic regulators, while other epigenetic regulators actively support osteoblast differentiation. Prominent epigenetic regulators that stimulate or attenuate osteogenesis include lysine methyl transferases (e.g., EZH2, SMYD2, SUV420H2), lysine deacetylases (e.g., HDAC1, HDAC3, HDAC4, HDAC7, SIRT1, SIRT3), arginine methyl transferases (e.g., PRMT1, PRMT4/CARM1, PRMT5), dioxygenases (e.g., TET2), bromodomain proteins (e.g., BRD2, BRD4) and chromodomain proteins (e.g., CBX1, CBX2, CBX5). This narrative review provides a broad overview of the covalent modifications of DNA and histone proteins that involve hundreds of enzymes that add, read, or delete these epigenetic modifications that are relevant for self-renewal and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, skeletal stem cells and osteoblasts during osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Dashti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eric A Lewallen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | | | - Martin A Montecino
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Santiago, Chile
| | - James R Davie
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada; CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0V9, Canada.
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Bram C J van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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Yi SJ, Lim J, Kim K. Exploring epigenetic strategies for the treatment of osteoporosis. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:398. [PMID: 38453825 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09353-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The worldwide trend toward an aging population has resulted in a higher incidence of chronic conditions, such as osteoporosis. Osteoporosis, a prevalent skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and increased fracture risk, encompasses primary and secondary forms, each with distinct etiologies. Mechanistically, osteoporosis involves an imbalance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. Current pharmacological interventions for osteoporosis, such as bisphosphonates, denosumab, and teriparatide, aim to modulate bone turnover and preserve bone density. Hormone replacement therapy and lifestyle modifications are also recommended to manage the condition. While current medications offer therapeutic options, they are not devoid of limitations. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, in regulating gene expression during bone remodeling. The use of epigenetic drugs, or epidrugs, to target these mechanisms offers a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention in osteoporosis. In this review, we comprehensively examine the recent advancements in the application of epidrugs for treating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ju Yi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Dashti P, Lewallen EA, Gordon JA, Montecino MA, van Leeuwen JP, Stein GS, van der Eerden BC, Davie JR, van Wijnen AJ. Protein arginine methyltransferases PRMT1, PRMT4/CARM1 and PRMT5 have distinct functions in control of osteoblast differentiation. Bone Rep 2023; 19:101704. [PMID: 37593409 PMCID: PMC10430181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cells is controlled by epigenetic enzymes that regulate post-translational modifications of histones. Compared to acetyl or methyltransferases, the physiological functions of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) in osteoblast differentiation remain minimally understood. Therefore, we surveyed the expression and function of all nine mammalian PRMT members during osteoblast differentiation. RNA-seq gene expression profiling shows that Prmt1, Prmt4/Carm1 and Prmt5 represent the most prominently expressed PRMT subtypes in mouse calvarial bone and MC3T3 osteoblasts as well as human musculoskeletal tissues and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Based on effects of siRNA depletion, it appears that PRMT members have different functional effects: (i) loss of Prmt1 stimulates and (ii) loss of Prmt5 decreases calcium deposition of mouse MC3T3 osteoblasts, while (iii) loss of Carm1 is inconsequential for calcium deposition. Decreased Prmt5 suppresses expression of multiple genes involved in mineralization (e.g., Alpl, Ibsp, Phospho1) consistent with a positive role in osteogenesis. Depletion of Prmt1, Carm1 and Prmt5 has intricate but modest time-dependent effects on the expression of a panel of osteoblast differentiation and proliferation markers but does not change mRNA levels for select epigenetic regulators (e.g., Ezh1, Ezh2, Brd2 and Brd4). Treatment with the Class I PRMT inhibitor GSK715 enhances extracellular matrix mineralization of MC3T3 cells, while blocking formation of H3R17me2a but not H4R3me2a marks. In sum, Prmt1, Carm1 and Prmt5 have distinct biological roles during osteoblast differentiation, and different types histone H3 and H4 arginine methylation may contribute to the chromatin landscape during osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Dashti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eric A. Lewallen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | | | - Martin A. Montecino
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Gary S. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Bram C.J. van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - James R. Davie
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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Banaszek N, Kurpiewska D, Kozak K, Rutkowski P, Sobczuk P. Hedgehog pathway in sarcoma: from preclinical mechanism to clinical application. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:17635-17649. [PMID: 37815662 PMCID: PMC10657326 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas are a diverse group of malignant neoplasms of mesenchymal origin. They develop rarely, but due to poor prognosis, they are a challenging and significant clinical problem. Currently, available therapeutic options have very limited activity. A better understating of sarcomas' pathogenesis may help develop more effective therapies in the future. The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is involved in both embryonic development and mature tissue repair and carcinogenesis. Shh pathway inhibitors are presently used in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. Its increased activity has been demonstrated in many sarcomas, including osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and malignant rhabdoid tumor. In vitro studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of inhibitors of the Hedgehog pathway in inhibiting proliferation in those sarcomas in which the components of the pathway are overexpressed. These results were confirmed by in vivo studies, which additionally proved the influence of Shh pathway inhibitors on limiting the metastatic potential of sarcoma cells. However, until now, the efficacy of sarcomas treatment with Shh pathway inhibitors has not been established in clinical trials. The reason for that may be the non-canonical activation of the pathway or interactions with other signaling pathways, such as Wnt or Notch. In this review, we present the Shh signaling pathway's role in the pathogenesis of sarcomas, including both canonical and non-canonical signaling. We also propose how this knowledge could be potentially translated into clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Banaszek
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Kurpiewska
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kozak
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Sobczuk
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Dashti P, Thaler R, Hawse JR, Galvan ML, van der Eerden BJ, van Wijnen AJ, Dudakovic A. G-protein coupled receptor 5C (GPRC5C) is required for osteoblast differentiation and responds to EZH2 inhibition and multiple osteogenic signals. Bone 2023; 176:116866. [PMID: 37558192 PMCID: PMC10962865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblast differentiation is epigenetically suppressed by the H3K27 methyltransferase EZH2, and induced by the morphogen BMP2 and transcription factor RUNX2. These factors also regulate distinct G protein coupled receptors (GPRCs; e.g., PTH1R, GPR30/GPER1). Because GPRCs transduce many physiological stimuli, we examined whether BMP2 or EZH2 inhibition (i.e., GSK126) regulates other GPRC genes in osteoblasts. RNA-seq screening of >400 mouse GPRC-related genes showed that many GPRCs are downregulated during osteogenic differentiation. The orphan receptor GPRC5C, along with a small subset of other GPRCs, is induced by BMP2 or GSK126 during Vitamin C dependent osteoblast differentiation, but not by all-trans retinoic acid. ChIP-seq analysis revealed that GSK126 reduces H3K27me3 levels at the GPRC5C gene locus in differentiating MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, consistent with enhanced GPRC5C mRNA expression. Loss of function analyses revealed that shRNA-mediated depletion of GPRC5C decreases expression of bone markers (e.g., BGLAP and IBSP) and mineral deposition in response to BMP2 or GSK126. GPRC5C mRNA was found to be reduced in the osteopenic bones of KLF10 null mice which have compromised BMP2 signaling. GPRC5C mRNA is induced by the bone-anabolic activity of 17β-estradiol in trabecular but not cortical bone following ovariectomy. Collectively, these findings suggest that GPRC5C protein is a key node in a pro-osteogenic axis that is normally suppressed by EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 marks and induced during osteoblast differentiation by GSK126, BMP2, and/or 17β-estradiol. Because GPRC5C protein is an understudied orphan receptor required for osteoblast differentiation, identification of ligands that induce GPRC5C signaling may support therapeutic strategies to mitigate bone-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Dashti
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John R Hawse
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M Lizeth Galvan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bram J van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Carrasco ME, Thaler R, Nardocci G, Dudakovic A, van Wijnen AJ. Inhibition of Ezh2 redistributes bivalent domains within transcriptional regulators associated with WNT and Hedgehog pathways in osteoblasts. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105155. [PMID: 37572850 PMCID: PMC10506106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bivalent epigenomic regulatory domains containing both activating histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) and repressive lysine 27 (H3K27me3) trimethylation are associated with key developmental genes. These bivalent domains repress transcription in the absence of differentiation signals but maintain regulatory genes in a poised state to allow for timely activation. Previous studies demonstrated that enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2), a histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) methyltransferase, suppresses osteogenic differentiation and that inhibition of Ezh2 enhances commitment of osteoblast progenitors in vitro and bone formation in vivo. Here, we examined the mechanistic effects of Tazemetostat (EPZ6438), an Food and Drug Administration approved Ezh2 inhibitor for epithelioid sarcoma treatment, because this drug could potentially be repurposed to stimulate osteogenesis for clinical indications. We find that Tazemetostat reduces H3K27me3 marks in bivalent domains in enhancers required for bone formation and stimulates maturation of MC3T3 preosteoblasts. Furthermore, Tazemetostat activates bivalent genes associated with the Wingless/integrated (WNT), adenylyl cyclase (cAMP), and Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathways based on transcriptomic (RNA-seq) and epigenomic (chromatin immunoprecipitation [ChIP]-seq) data. Functional analyses using selective pathway inhibitors and silencing RNAs demonstrate that the WNT and Hh pathways modulate osteogenic differentiation after Ezh2 inhibition. Strikingly, we show that loss of the Hh-responsive transcriptional regulator Gli1, but not Gli2, synergizes with Tazemetostat to accelerate osteoblast differentiation. These studies establish epigenetic cooperativity of Ezh2, Hh-Gli1 signaling, and bivalent regulatory genes in suppressing osteogenesis. Our findings may have important translational ramifications for anabolic applications requiring bone mass accrual and/or reversal of bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gino Nardocci
- Program in Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research and Innovation (CIIB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile; IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
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Ma Z, Chen L, Wang Y, Zhang S, Zheng J, Luo Y, Wang C, Zeng H, Xue L, Tan Z, Wang D. Novel insights of EZH2-mediated epigenetic modifications in degenerative musculoskeletal diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102034. [PMID: 37597667 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Degenerative musculoskeletal diseases (Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis, Degenerative Spinal Disease and Sarcopenia) are pathological conditions that affect the function and pain of tissues such as bone, cartilage, and muscles, and are closely associated with ageing and long-term degeneration. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), an important epigenetic regulator, regulates gene expression mainly through the PRC2-dependent trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). Increasing evidence suggests that EZH2 is involved in several biological processes closely related to degenerative musculoskeletal diseases, such as osteogenic-adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoclast activation, chondrocyte functional status, and satellite cell proliferation and differentiation, mainly through epigenetic regulation (H3K27me3). Therefore, the synthesis and elucidation of the role of EZH2 in degenerative musculoskeletal diseases have attracted increasing attention. In addition, although EZH2 inhibitors have been approved for clinical use, whether they can be repurposed for the treatment of degenerative musculoskeletal diseases needs to be considered. Here, we reviewed the role of EZH2 in the development of degenerative musculoskeletal diseases and brought forward prospects of its pharmacological inhibitors in the improvement of the treatment of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zetao Ma
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushun Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianrui Zheng
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Luo
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen Tan
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Deli Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China.
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Li S, Deng Q, Si Q, Li J, Zeng H, Chen S, Guo T. TiO 2nanotubes promote osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells via epigenetic regulation of RMRP/ DLEU2/EZH2 pathway. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:055027. [PMID: 37437580 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ace6e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
TiO2nanotubes (TNTs) significantly promote osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration of cells. Nevertheless, the biological processes by which they promote osteogenesis are currently poorly understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential for controlling osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Epigenetic chromatin modification is one of the pathways in which lncRNAs regulate osteogenic differentiation. Here, we reported that TNTs could upregulate lncRNARMRP, and inhibition of lncRNARMRPin human BMSCs (hBMSCs) grown on TNTs could decrease runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteocalcin (OCN) expression. Furthermore, we discovered that inhibiting lncRNARMRPelevated the expression of lncRNADLEU2, and lncRNADLEU2knockdown promoted osteogenic differentiation in hBMSCs. RNA immunoprecipitation experiments showed that lncRNADLEU2could interact with EZH2 to induce H3K27 methylation in the promoter regions of RUNX2 and OCN, suppressing gene expression epigenetically. According to these results, lncRNARMRPis upregulated by TNTs to promote osteogenic differentiation throughDLEU2/EZH2-mediated epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqin Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Deng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiqi Si
- School of Life and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - JinSheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanghe Zeng
- School of Life and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Orthopedics of the General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610086, People's Republic of China
| | - Tailin Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Sun L, Li X, Luo H, Guo H, Zhang J, Chen Z, Lin F, Zhao G. EZH2 can be used as a therapeutic agent for inhibiting endothelial dysfunction. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115594. [PMID: 37207700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a catalytic subunit of polycomb repressor complex 2 and plays important roles in endothelial cell homeostasis. EZH2 functionally methylates lysine 27 of histone H3 and represses gene expression through chromatin compaction. EZH2 mediates the effects of environmental stimuli by regulating endothelial functions, such as angiogenesis, endothelial barrier integrity, inflammatory signaling, and endothelial mesenchymal transition. Numerous studies have been conducted to determine the significance of EZH2 in endothelial function. The aim of this review is to provide a concise summary of the roles EZH2 plays in endothelial function and elucidate its therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Xuefang Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Huige Guo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China.
| | - Guoan Zhao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China.
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10
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Li Y, Hu M, Xie J, Li S, Dai L. Dysregulation of histone modifications in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells during skeletal ageing: roles and therapeutic prospects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:166. [PMID: 37357311 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated bone diseases such as osteoporosis (OP) are common in the elderly due to skeletal ageing. The process of skeletal ageing can be accelerated by reduced proliferation and osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). Senescence of BM-MSCs is a main driver of age-associated bone diseases, and the fate of BM-MSCs is tightly regulated by histone modifications, such as methylation and acetylation. Dysregulation of histone modifications in BM-MSCs may activate the genes related to the pathogenesis of skeletal ageing and age-associated bone diseases. Here we summarize the histone methylation and acetylation marks and their regulatory enzymes that affect BM-MSC self-renewal, differentiation and senescence. This review not only describes the critical roles of histone marks in modulating BM-MSC functions, but also underlines the potential of epigenetic enzymes as targets for treating age-associated bone diseases. In the future, more effective therapeutic approaches based on these epigenetic targets will be developed and will benefit elderly individuals with bone diseases, such as OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujue Li
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mingxing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinwei Xie
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Chen Z, Gan L, Chen X, Zheng J, Shi S, Wu L, Cao Y. LncRNA HOTAIRM1 promotes dental follicle stem cell-mediated bone regeneration by regulating HIF-1α/KDM6/EZH2/H3K27me3 axis. J Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37120836 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Large bone defect reconstruction undergoes hypoxia and remains a major practical challenge. Bone tissue engineering with a more promising stem cell source facilitates the development of better therapeutic outcomes. Human dental follicle stem cells (hDFSCs) with superior multipotency, osteogenic capacity, and accessibility have been proven a promising cell source for bone regeneration. We previously identified a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), HOTAIRM1, to be highly expressed in hDFSCs. Here we found that HOTAIRM1 overexpressed hDFSCs promoted bone regeneration in rat critical-size calvarial defect model. Mechanically, HOTAIRM1 was induced in hDFSCs under hypoxic conditions and activated HIF-1α. RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that HOTAIRM1 upregulated oxygen-sensing histone demethylases KDM6A/B and suppressed methyltransferase EZH2 via targeting HIF-1α. The osteogenic differentiation of hDFSCs was accompanied with demethylation of H3K27, and HOTAIRM1 overexpression decreased the distribution of H3K27me3 in osteogenic genes, including ALP, M-CSF, Wnt-3a, Wnt-5a, Wnt-7a, and β-catenin, thus promoted their transcription. Our study provided evidence that HOTAIRM1 upregulated KDM6A/B and inhibited EZH2 in a HIF-1α dependent manner to enhance the osteogenesis of hDFSCs. HOTAIRM1-mediated hDFSCs may serve as a promising therapeutic approach to promote bone regeneration in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liyi Gan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinxuan Zheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Songtao Shi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liping Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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12
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Chen Y, Sun Y, Xue X, Ma H. Comprehensive analysis of epigenetics mechanisms in osteoporosis. Front Genet 2023; 14:1153585. [PMID: 37056287 PMCID: PMC10087084 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1153585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modification pertains to the alteration of genetic-expression, which could be transferred to the next generations, without any alteration in the fundamental DNA sequence. Epigenetic modification could include various processes such as DNA methylation, histone alteration, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and chromatin adjustment are among its primary operations. Osteoporosis is a metabolic disorder that bones become more fragile due to the decrease in mineral density, which could result in a higher risk of fracturing. Recently, as the investigation of the causal pathology of osteoporosis has been progressed, remarkable improvement has been made in epigenetic research. Recent literatures have illustrated that epigenetics is estimated to be one of the most contributing factors to the emergence and progression of osteoporosis. This dissertation primarily focuses on indicating the research progresses of epigenetic mechanisms and also the regulation of bone metabolism and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in light of the significance of epigenetic mechanisms. In addition, it aims to provide new intelligence for the treatment of diseases related to bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yumiao Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiangyu Xue
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huanzhi Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Huanzhi Ma,
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13
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Yu W, Wang HL, Zhang J, Yin C. The effects of epigenetic modifications on bone remodeling in age-related osteoporosis. Connect Tissue Res 2023; 64:105-116. [PMID: 36271658 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2120392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE As the population ages, there is an increased risk of fracture and morbidity diseases associated with aging, such as age-related osteoporosis and other bone diseases linked to aging skeletons. RESULTS Several bone-related cells, including multipotent bone mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts that form bone tissue, and osteoclasts that break it down, are in symbiotic relationships throughout life. Growing evidence indicates that epigenetic modifications of cells caused by aging contribute to compromised bone remodeling and lead to osteoporosis. A number of epigenetic mechanisms are at play, including DNA/RNA modifications, histone modifications, microRNAs (miRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), as well as chromatin remodeling. CONCLUSION In this review, we summarized the epigenetic modifications of different bone-related cells during the development and progression of osteoporosis associated with aging. Additionally, we described a compensatory recovery mechanism under epigenetic regulation that may lead to new strategies for regulating bone remodeling in age-related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Yu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - He-Ling Wang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengcheng Yin
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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14
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Chan NT, Lee MS, Wang Y, Galipeau J, Li WJ, Xu W. CTR9 drives osteochondral lineage differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells via epigenetic regulation of BMP-2 signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadc9222. [PMID: 36383652 PMCID: PMC9668309 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell fate determination of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) is precisely regulated by lineage-specific transcription factors and epigenetic enzymes. We found that CTR9, a key scaffold subunit of polymerase-associated factor complex (PAFc), selectively regulates hMSC differentiation to osteoblasts and chondrocytes, but not to adipocytes. An in vivo ectopic osteogenesis assay confirmed the essentiality of CTR9 in hMSC-derived bone formation. CTR9 counteracts the activity of Enhancer Of Zeste 2 (EZH2), the epigenetic enzyme that deposits H3K27me3, in hMSCs. Accordingly, CTR9 knockdown (KD) hMSCs gain H3K27me3 mark, and the osteogenic differentiation defects of CTR9 KD hMSCs can be partially rescued by treatment with EZH2 inhibitors. Transcriptome analyses identified bone morphology protein-2 (BMP-2) as a downstream effector of CTR9. BMP-2 secretion, membrane anchorage, and the BMP-SMAD pathway were impaired in CTR9 KD MSCs, and the effects were rescued by BMP-2 supplementation. This study uncovers an epigenetic mechanism engaging the CTR9-H3K27me3-BMP-2 axis to regulate the osteochondral lineage differentiation of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngai Ting Chan
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ming-Song Lee
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yidan Wang
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Wan-Ju Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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15
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The lysine methyltransferases SET and MYND domain containing 2 (Smyd2) and Enhancer of Zeste 2 (Ezh2) co-regulate osteoblast proliferation and mineralization. Gene X 2022; 851:146928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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16
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Xu WD, Huang Q, Huang AF. Emerging role of EZH2 in rheumatic diseases: A comprehensive review. Int J Rheum Dis 2022; 25:1230-1238. [PMID: 35933601 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone methylated enzyme. It trimethylates histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) to regulate epigenetic processes. Recently, studies showed excessive expression of EZH2 in rheumatic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and systemic sclerosis. Moreover, epigenetic modification of EZH2 regulates differentiation and proliferation of different immune cells. Therefore, in this review, we comprehensively discuss the role of EZH2 in rheumatic diseases. Collection of the evidence may provide a basis for further understanding the role of EZH2 and give potential for targeting these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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17
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Dudakovic A, Jerez S, Deosthale PJ, Denbeigh JM, Paradise CR, Gluscevic M, Zan P, Begun DL, Camilleri ET, Pichurin O, Khani F, Thaler R, Lian JB, Stein GS, Westendorf JJ, Plotkin LI, van Wijnen AJ. MicroRNA-101a enhances trabecular bone accrual in male mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13361. [PMID: 35922466 PMCID: PMC9349183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput microRNA sequencing was performed during differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts to develop working hypotheses for specific microRNAs that control osteogenesis. The expression data show that miR-101a, which targets the mRNAs for the epigenetic enzyme Ezh2 and many other proteins, is highly upregulated during osteoblast differentiation and robustly expressed in mouse calvaria. Transient elevation of miR-101a suppresses Ezh2 levels, reduces tri-methylation of lysine 27 in histone 3 (H3K27me3; a heterochromatic mark catalyzed by Ezh2), and accelerates mineralization of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. We also examined skeletal phenotypes of an inducible miR-101a transgene under direct control of doxycycline administration. Experimental controls and mir-101a over-expressing mice were exposed to doxycycline in utero and postnatally (up to 8 weeks of age) to maximize penetrance of skeletal phenotypes. Male mice that over-express miR-101a have increased total body weight and longer femora. MicroCT analysis indicate that these mice have increased trabecular bone volume fraction, trabecular number and trabecular thickness with reduced trabecular spacing as compared to controls. Histomorphometric analysis demonstrates a significant reduction in osteoid volume to bone volume and osteoid surface to bone surface. Remarkably, while female mice also exhibit a significant increase in bone length, no significant changes were noted by microCT (trabecular bone parameters) and histomorphometry (osteoid parameters). Hence, miR-101a upregulation during osteoblast maturation and the concomitant reduction in Ezh2 mediated H3K27me3 levels may contribute to the enhanced trabecular bone parameters in male mice. However, the sex-specific effect of miR-101a indicates that more intricate epigenetic mechanisms mediate physiological control of bone formation and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Sofia Jerez
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Padmini J Deosthale
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Janet M Denbeigh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christopher R Paradise
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Martina Gluscevic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pengfei Zan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dana L Begun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Oksana Pichurin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Farzaneh Khani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lilian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Richard L Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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18
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Wu L, Su C, Yang C, Liu J, Ye Y. TBX3 regulates the transcription of VEGFA to promote osteoblasts proliferation and microvascular regeneration. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13722. [PMID: 35846885 PMCID: PMC9281600 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Osteochondral decellularization can promote local vascular regeneration, but the exact mechanism is unknown. The aim of this study is to study osteogenic microvascular regeneration in single cells. Methods The scRNA-seq dataset of human periosteal-derived cells (hPDCs) were analyzed by pySCENIC. To examine the role of TBX3 in osteogenesis and vascularization, cell transfection, qRT-PCR, western blot, and CCK-8 cell proliferation assays were performed. Results TCF7L2, TBX3, FLI1, NFKB2, and EZH2 were found to be transcription factors (TFs) most closely associated with corresponding cells. The regulatory network of these TFs was then visualized. Our study knocked down the expression of TBX3 in human osteoblast cell lines. In the TBX3 knockdown group, we observed decreased expression of VEGFA, VEGFB, and VEGFC. Moreover, Western blot analysis showed that downregulating TBX3 resulted in a reduction of VEGFA expression. And TBX3 stimulated osteoblast proliferation in CCK-8 assays. Conclusion TBX3 regulates VEGFA expression and promotes osteoblast proliferation in skeletal microvasculature formation. The findings provide a theoretical basis for investigating the role of TBX3 in promoting local vascular regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichuang Wu
- Department of Trauma/Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenxian Su
- Department of Trauma/Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chuanhua Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxing Liu
- Shanghai ninth people’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiheng Ye
- Department of Trauma/Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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19
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Cheng F, Li H, Liu J, Yan F, Chen Y, Hu H. EZH2 regulates the balance between osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation to inhibit arthritis-induced bone destruction. Genes Immun 2022; 23:141-148. [PMID: 35581496 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-022-00174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has been noted to contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This study sought to investigate the mechanism of EZH2 in osteoclast (OCL) and osteoblast (OBL) differentiation (OCLD/OBLD) and bone destruction in RA. The animal model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was established, followed by arthritis index (AI) scoring and histological staining, and measurements of inflammatory cytokines levels. The number of OCLs was detected via Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, and levels of OBL markers were determined by Western blot analysis. Trimethylated histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) expression and its enrichment in the Ndrg2 promoter were detected. Collaborative experiments were performed with GSK-J1 or sh-Ndrg2 in CIA mice with EZH2 knockdown. EZH2 was upregulated while Ndrg2 was downregulated in knee joint tissues of CIA mice. Silencing EZH2 reduced AI scores, pathological injury of the knee joint, levels of inflammatory cytokines, and TRAP-positive cells, and increased protein levels of RUNX2 and BMP2. EZH2 promoted H3K27me3 level in the Ndrg2 promoter to inhibit Ndrg2 transcription. H3K27me3 upregulation or Ndrg2 downregulation reversed the role of silencing EZH2 in bone destruction. Overall, EZH2 repressed OBLD and promoted OCLD to aggravate bone destruction in CIA mice through H3K27me3/Ndrg2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Lianyungang Oriental Hospital, Lianyungang, 222042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengfeng Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Lianyungang Oriental Hospital, Lianyungang, 222042, Jiangsu, China.
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20
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Epigenetic therapy targeting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for age-related bone diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:201. [PMID: 35578312 PMCID: PMC9109405 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02852-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As global aging accelerates, the prevention and treatment of age-related bone diseases are becoming a critical issue. In the process of senescence, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) gradually lose the capability of self-renewal and functional differentiation, resulting in impairment of bone tissue regeneration and disorder of bone tissue homeostasis. Alteration in epigenetic modification is an essential factor of BMSC dysfunction during aging. Its transferability and reversibility provide the possibility to combat BMSC aging by reversing age-related modifications. Emerging evidence demonstrates that epigenetic therapy based on aberrant epigenetic modifications could alleviate the senescence and dysfunction of stem cells. This review summarizes potential therapeutic targets for BMSC aging, introduces some potential approaches to alleviating BMSC aging, and analyzes its prospect in the clinical application of age-related bone diseases.
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21
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Rummukainen P, Tarkkonen K, Dudakovic A, Al-Majidi R, Nieminen-Pihala V, Valensisi C, Hawkins RD, van Wijnen AJ, Kiviranta R. Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) epigenetically controls osteoblast differentiation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265027. [PMID: 35255108 PMCID: PMC8901060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms regulate osteogenic lineage differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. Histone methylation is controlled by multiple lysine demethylases and is an important step in controlling local chromatin structure and gene expression. Here, we show that the lysine-specific histone demethylase Kdm1A/Lsd1 is abundantly expressed in osteoblasts and that its suppression impairs osteoblast differentiation and bone nodule formation in vitro. Although Lsd1 knockdown did not affect global H3K4 methylation levels, genome-wide ChIP-Seq analysis revealed high levels of Lsd1 at gene promoters and its binding was associated with di- and tri-methylation of histone 3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me2 and H3K4me3). Lsd1 binding sites in osteoblastic cells were enriched for the Runx2 consensus motif suggesting a functional link between the two proteins. Importantly, inhibition of Lsd1 activity decreased osteoblast activity in vivo. In support, mesenchymal-targeted knockdown of Lsd1 led to decreased osteoblast activity and disrupted primary spongiosa ossification and reorganization in vivo. Together, our studies demonstrate that Lsd1 occupies Runx2-binding cites at H3K4me2 and H3K4me3 and its activity is required for proper bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kati Tarkkonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Rana Al-Majidi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Cristina Valensisi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - R. David Hawkins
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AJW); (RK)
| | - Riku Kiviranta
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail: (AJW); (RK)
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22
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Zhang Y, Ling L, Ajay D/O Ajayakumar A, Eio YM, van Wijnen AJ, Nurcombe V, Cool SM. FGFR2 accommodates osteogenic cell fate determination in human mesenchymal stem cells. Gene 2022; 818:146199. [PMID: 35093449 PMCID: PMC9256080 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The multilineage differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) underpins their clinical utility for tissue regeneration. Control of such cell-fate decisions is tightly regulated by different growth factors/cytokines and their cognate receptors. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are among such factors critical for osteogenesis. However, how FGF receptors (FGFRs) help to orchestrate osteogenic progression remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we studied the protein levels of FGFRs during osteogenesis in human adult bone marrow-derived MSCs and discovered a positive correlation between FGFR2 expression and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, an early marker of osteogenesis. Through RNA interference studies, we confirmed the role of FGFR2 in promoting the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Knockdown of FGFR2 resulted in downregulation of pro-osteogenic genes and upregulation of pro-adipogenic genes and adipogenic commitment. Moreover, under osteogenic induction, FGFR2 knockdown resulted in upregulation of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), an epigenetic enzyme that regulates MSC lineage commitment and suppresses osteogenesis. Lastly, we show that serial-passaged hMSCs have reduced FGFR2 expression and impaired osteogenic potential. Our study suggests that FGFR2 is critical for mediating osteogenic fate by regulating the balance of osteo-adipogenic lineage commitment. Therefore, examining FGFR2 levels during serial-passaging of hMSCs may prove useful for monitoring their multipotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore
| | - Ling Ling
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Arya Ajay D/O Ajayakumar
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore
| | - Yating Michelle Eio
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University-Imperial College London, 636921, Singapore
| | - Simon M Cool
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119288, Singapore.
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Ye M, Gao R, Chen S, Wei M, Wang J, Zhang B, Wu S, Xu Y, Wu P, Chen X, Ma J, Ma D, Dong K. Downregulation of MEG3 and upregulation of EZH2 cooperatively promote neuroblastoma progression. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2377-2391. [PMID: 35257481 PMCID: PMC8995459 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB), an embryonic tumour originating from sympathetic crest cells, is the most common extracranial solid tumour type in children with poor overall prognosis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the involvement of long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) in numerous biological processes and their associations with embryonic development and multiple diseases. Ectopic lncRNA expression is linked to malignant tumours. Previous studies by our team indicate that MEG3 attenuates NB autophagy through inhibition of FOXO1 and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition via the mTOR pathway in vitro. Moreover, MEG3 and EZH2 negatively regulate each other. In present study, we first collected 60 NB tissues and 20 adjacent tissues for Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (Q‐PCR) experiments and performed clinical correlation analysis of the results. At the same time, nude mice were used for subcutaneous tumour formation to detect the effect of MEG3 in vivo. Two NB cell lines, SK‐N‐AS and SK‐N‐BE(2)C, were overexpressed MEG3 and rescued with EZH2 and then were subjected to proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and autophagy experiments. RNA‐binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and Co‐Immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) experiments were performed to explore the molecular mechanism of MEG3 and EZH2 interaction. Q‐PCR revealed that MEG3 expression was negatively correlated with INSS stage and risk grade of NB. Moreover, MEG3 overexpression was associated with inhibition of NB growth in vivo. MEG3 exerted an anti‐cancer effect via stimulatory effects on EZH2 ubiquitination leading to its degradation. Conversely, EZH2 interacted with DNMT1 and HDAC1 to induce silencing of MEG3. The EZH2 inhibitor, DZNep, and HDAC inhibitor, SAHA, displayed synergistic activity against NB. Combined treatment with DZNep and SAHA inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of NB through suppression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/FOXO1 pathway. In conclusion, downregulation of MEG3 and upregulation of EZH2 forms a feedback loop that concertedly promotes the development of NB. Combined blockage of EZH2 and HDAC1 with the appropriate inhibitors may therefore present an effective treatment strategy for NB cases with low MEG3 and high EZH2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujie Ye
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Neuroendocrine Tumor, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Runnan Gao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Birth Defects, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Birth Defects, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suwen Wu
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuexin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Birth Defects, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peixuan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Birth Defects, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye and ENT Hospital, ENT Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye and ENT Hospital, ENT Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Birth Defects, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuiran Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Osteoporosis, characterised by low bone mass, poor bone structure, and an increased risk of fracture, is a major public health problem. There is increasing evidence that the influence of the environment on gene expression, through epigenetic processes, contributes to variation in BMD and fracture risk across the lifecourse. Such epigenetic processes include DNA methylation, histone and chromatin modifications and non-coding RNAs. Examples of associations with phenotype include DNA methylation in utero linked to maternal vitamin D status, and to methylation of target genes such as OPG and RANKL being associated with osteoporosis in later life. Epigenome-wide association studies and multi-omics technologies have further revealed susceptibility loci, and histone acetyltransferases, deacetylases and methylases are being considered as therapeutic targets. This review encompasses recent advances in our understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of bone mass and osteoporosis development, and outlines possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarker applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
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25
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Xu Y, Ma J, Xu G, Ma D. Recent advances in the epigenetics of bone metabolism. J Bone Miner Metab 2021; 39:914-924. [PMID: 34250565 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-021-01249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common form of metabolic bone disease that is costly to treat and is primarily diagnosed on the basis of bone mineral density. As the influences of genetic lesions and environmental factors are increasingly studied in the pathological development of osteoporosis, regulated epigenetics are emerging as the important pathogenesis mechanisms in osteoporosis. Recently, osteoporosis genome-wide association studies and multi-omics technologies have revealed that susceptibility loci and the misregulation of epigenetic modifiers are key factors in osteoporosis. Over the past decade, extensive studies have demonstrated epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone/chromatin modifications, and non-coding RNAs, as potential contributing factors in osteoporosis that affect disease initiation and progression. Herein, we review recent advances in epigenetics in osteoporosis, with a focus on exploring the underlying mechanisms and potential diagnostic/prognostic biomarker applications for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ENT Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Spine Surgical Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 20000, China.
| | - Duan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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