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Augustine R, Gezek M, Nikolopoulos VK, Buck PL, Bostanci NS, Camci-Unal G. Stem Cells in Bone Tissue Engineering: Progress, Promises and Challenges. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10738-y. [PMID: 39028416 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Bone defects from accidents, congenital conditions, and age-related diseases significantly impact quality of life. Recent advancements in bone tissue engineering (TE) involve biomaterial scaffolds, patient-derived cells, and bioactive agents, enabling functional bone regeneration. Stem cells, obtained from numerous sources including umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue, bone marrow, and dental pulp, hold immense potential in bone TE. Induced pluripotent stem cells and genetically modified stem cells can also be used. Proper manipulation of physical, chemical, and biological stimulation is crucial for their proliferation, maintenance, and differentiation. Stem cells contribute to osteogenesis, osteoinduction, angiogenesis, and mineralization, essential for bone regeneration. This review provides an overview of the latest developments in stem cell-based TE for repairing and regenerating defective bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Radiology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Mert Gezek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | | | - Paige Lauren Buck
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Nazli Seray Bostanci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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2
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Minaeva ED, Antoshin AA, Kosheleva NV, Koteneva PI, Gonchukov SA, Tsypina SI, Yusupov VI, Timashev PS, Minaev NV. Laser Bioprinting with Cell Spheroids: Accurate and Gentle. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1152. [PMID: 37374737 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Laser printing with cell spheroids can become a promising approach in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the use of standard laser bioprinters for this purpose is not optimal as they are optimized for transferring smaller objects, such as cells and microorganisms. The use of standard laser systems and protocols for the transfer of cell spheroids leads either to their destruction or to a significant deterioration in the quality of bioprinting. The possibilities of cell spheroids printing by laser-induced forward transfer in a gentle mode, which ensures good cell survival ~80% without damage and burns, were demonstrated. The proposed method showed a high spatial resolution of laser printing of cell spheroid geometric structures at the level of 62 ± 33 µm, which is significantly less than the size of the cell spheroid itself. The experiments were performed on a laboratory laser bioprinter with a sterile zone, which was supplemented with a new optical part based on the Pi-Shaper element, which allows for forming laser spots with different non-Gaussian intensity distributions. It is shown that laser spots with an intensity distribution profile of the "Two rings" type (close to Π-shaped) and a size comparable to a spheroid are optimal. To select the operating parameters of laser exposure, spheroid phantoms made of a photocurable resin and spheroids made from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina D Minaeva
- Institute of Photon Technologies of FSRC «Crystallography and Photonics» RAS, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem A Antoshin
- Institute of Photon Technologies of FSRC «Crystallography and Photonics» RAS, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nastasia V Kosheleva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina I Koteneva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A Gonchukov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana I Tsypina
- Institute of Photon Technologies of FSRC «Crystallography and Photonics» RAS, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Yusupov
- Institute of Photon Technologies of FSRC «Crystallography and Photonics» RAS, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter S Timashev
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita V Minaev
- Institute of Photon Technologies of FSRC «Crystallography and Photonics» RAS, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
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Kim JH, Kim M, Hwa S, Ko Y, Park JB. Vitamin E Enhances Cell Viability and the Osteogenic Differentiation of Cell Spheroids Made of Gingiva-Derived Stem Cells. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59040736. [PMID: 37109694 PMCID: PMC10143862 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Vitamin E is reported to expedite new bone formation in animal models, and this has led to a decrease in the time needed for treatment. In this study, human gingiva-derived stem cell-derived spheroids were examined to determine the effects of vitamin E on cell survival, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization. Materials and Methods: Human gingiva-derived stem cells were used to create spheroids, which were then cultivated with vitamin E at doses of 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL. The morphological examination and the qualitative and quantitative vitality of the cells were assessed. Alizarin Red S staining and alkaline phosphatase activity assays were performed on days 7 and 14 to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation. The expression levels of RUNX2 and COL1A1 were assessed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The addition of vitamin E did not appear to alter the spheroid's shape at the measured quantities without altering the diameter. During the culture time, the majority of the cells in the spheroids fluoresced green. Regardless of concentration, there were substantial increases in cell viability in the vitamin E-loaded groups on day 7 (p < 0.05). On day 14, the Alizarin Red S staining was statistically higher in the 1 ng/mL group compared to the unloaded control (p < 0.05). The addition of vitamin E to the culture enhanced the mRNA expression levels of RUNX2, OCN, and COL1A1 based on the real-time polymerase chain reaction data. Conclusions: We draw the conclusion that vitamin E may be used to promote the osteogenic differentiation of stem cell spheroids in light of these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Somyeong Hwa
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Dental Implantology, Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyung Ko
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Dental Implantology, Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Dental Implantology, Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Altunbek M, Afghah F, Caliskan OS, Yoo JJ, Koc B. Design and bioprinting for tissue interfaces. Biofabrication 2023; 15. [PMID: 36716498 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acb73d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue interfaces include complex gradient structures formed by transitioning of biochemical and mechanical properties in micro-scale. This characteristic allows the communication and synchronistic functioning of two adjacent but distinct tissues. It is particularly challenging to restore the function of these complex structures by transplantation of scaffolds exclusively produced by conventional tissue engineering methods. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology has opened an unprecedented approach for precise and graded patterning of chemical, biological and mechanical cues in a single construct mimicking natural tissue interfaces. This paper reviews and highlights biochemical and biomechanical design for 3D bioprinting of various tissue interfaces, including cartilage-bone, muscle-tendon, tendon/ligament-bone, skin, and neuro-vascular/muscular interfaces. Future directions and translational challenges are also provided at the end of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Altunbek
- Sabanci Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Istanbul 34956, Turkey.,Sabanci University Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Ferdows Afghah
- Sabanci Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Istanbul 34956, Turkey.,Sabanci University Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Ozum Sehnaz Caliskan
- Sabanci Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Istanbul 34956, Turkey.,Sabanci University Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - James J Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, NC 27157, United States of America
| | - Bahattin Koc
- Sabanci Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Istanbul 34956, Turkey.,Sabanci University Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
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Togo H, Terada K, Ujitsugu A, Hirose Y, Takeuchi H, Kusunoki M. Fabrication Scaffold with High Dimensional Control for Spheroids with Undifferentiated iPS Cell Properties. Cells 2023; 12:278. [PMID: 36672213 PMCID: PMC9857117 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spheroids are expected to aid the establishment of an in vitro-based cell culture system that can realistically reproduce cellular dynamics in vivo. We developed a fluoropolymer scaffold with an extracellular matrix (ECM) dot array and confirmed the possibility of mass-producing spheroids with uniform dimensions. Controlling the quality of ECM dots is important as it ensures spheroid uniformity, but issues such as pattern deviation and ECM drying persist in the conventional microstamping method. In this study, these problems were overcome via ECM dot printing using a resin mask with dot-patterned holes. For dot diameters of φ 300 μm, 400 μm, and 600 μm, the average spheroid diameters of human iPS cells (hiPSCs) were φ 260.8 μm, 292.4 μm, and 330.7 μm, respectively. The standard deviation when each average was normalized to 100 was 14.1%. A high throughput of 89.9% for colony formation rate to the number of dots and 89.3% for spheroid collection rate was achieved. The cells proliferated on ECM dots, and the colonies could be naturally detached from the scaffold without the use of enzymes, so there was almost no stimulation of the cells. Thus, the undifferentiated nature of hiPSCs was maintained until day 4. Therefore, this method is expected to be useful in drug discovery and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Togo
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented-Science and Technology, Kindai University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa 649-6493, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kento Terada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Akira Ujitsugu
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented-Science and Technology, Kindai University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa 649-6493, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yudai Hirose
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented-Science and Technology, Kindai University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa 649-6493, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takeuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kusunoki
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented-Science and Technology, Kindai University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa 649-6493, Wakayama, Japan
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented-Science and Technology, Kindai University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa 649-6493, Wakayama, Japan
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6
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Khanna A, Oropeza BP, Huang NF. Engineering Spatiotemporal Control in Vascularized Tissues. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100555. [PMID: 36290523 PMCID: PMC9598830 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in engineering scalable three-dimensional tissues is the generation of a functional and developed microvascular network for adequate perfusion of oxygen and growth factors. Current biological approaches to creating vascularized tissues include the use of vascular cells, soluble factors, and instructive biomaterials. Angiogenesis and the subsequent generation of a functional vascular bed within engineered tissues has gained attention and is actively being studied through combinations of physical and chemical signals, specifically through the presentation of topographical growth factor signals. The spatiotemporal control of angiogenic signals can generate vascular networks in large and dense engineered tissues. This review highlights the developments and studies in the spatiotemporal control of these biological approaches through the coordinated orchestration of angiogenic factors, differentiation of vascular cells, and microfabrication of complex vascular networks. Fabrication strategies to achieve spatiotemporal control of vascularization involves the incorporation or encapsulation of growth factors, topographical engineering approaches, and 3D bioprinting techniques. In this article, we highlight the vascularization of engineered tissues, with a focus on vascularized cardiac patches that are clinically scalable for myocardial repair. Finally, we discuss the present challenges for successful clinical translation of engineered tissues and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beu P. Oropeza
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ngan F. Huang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence:
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7
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Mohd N, Razali M, Ghazali MJ, Abu Kasim NH. Current Advances of Three-Dimensional Bioprinting Application in Dentistry: A Scoping Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6398. [PMID: 36143709 PMCID: PMC9504181 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology has emerged as an ideal approach to address the challenges in regenerative dentistry by fabricating 3D tissue constructs with customized complex architecture. The dilemma with current dental treatments has led to the exploration of this technology in restoring and maintaining the function of teeth. This scoping review aims to explore 3D bioprinting technology together with the type of biomaterials and cells used for dental applications. Based on PRISMA-ScR guidelines, this systematic search was conducted by using the following databases: Ovid, PubMed, EBSCOhost and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria were (i) cell-laden 3D-bioprinted construct; (ii) intervention to regenerate dental tissue using bioink, which incorporates living cells or in combination with biomaterial; and (iii) 3D bioprinting for dental applications. A total of 31 studies were included in this review. The main 3D bioprinting technique was extrusion-based approach. Novel bioinks in use consist of different types of natural and synthetic polymers, decellularized extracellular matrix and spheroids with encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells, and have shown promising results for periodontal ligament, dentin, dental pulp and bone regeneration application. However, 3D bioprinting in dental applications, regrettably, is not yet close to being a clinical reality. Therefore, further research in fabricating ideal bioinks with implantation into larger animal models in the oral environment is very much needed for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurulhuda Mohd
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Masfueh Razali
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Mariyam Jameelah Ghazali
- Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- DLima Dental Clinic, 44-A, Jalan Plumbum N7/N, Seksyen 7, Shah Alam 40000, Selangor, Malaysia
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Tigmeanu CV, Ardelean LC, Rusu LC, Negrutiu ML. Additive Manufactured Polymers in Dentistry, Current State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:3658. [PMID: 36080732 PMCID: PMC9460687 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
3D-printing application in dentistry not only enables the manufacture of patient-specific devices and tissue constructs, but also allows mass customization, as well as digital workflow, with predictable lower cost and rapid turnaround times. 4D printing also shows a good impact in dentistry, as it can produce dynamic and adaptable materials, which have proven effective in the oral environment, under its continuously changing thermal and humidity conditions. It is expected to further boost the research into producing a whole tooth, capable to harmoniously integrate with the surrounding periodontium, which represents the ultimate goal of tissue engineering in dentistry. Because of their high versatility associated with the wide variety of available materials, additive manufacturing in dentistry predominantly targets the production of polymeric constructs. The aim of this narrative review is to catch a glimpse of the current state-of-the-art of additive manufacturing in dentistry, and the future perspectives of this modern technology, focusing on the specific polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Codruta Victoria Tigmeanu
- Department of Technology of Materials and Devices in Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean
- Department of Technology of Materials and Devices in Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Laura-Cristina Rusu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Meda-Lavinia Negrutiu
- Department of Prostheses Technology and Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Research Center in Dental Medicine Using Conventional and Alternative Technologies, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Development of a Simple Spheroid Production Method Using Fluoropolymers with Reduced Chemical and Physical Damage. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112110495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Establishing an in vitro–based cell culture system that can realistically simulate in vivo cell dynamics is desirable. It is thus necessary to develop a method for producing a large amount of cell aggregates (i.e., spheroids) that are uniform in size and quality. Various methods have been proposed for the preparation of spheroids; however, none of them satisfy all requirements, such as cost, size uniformity, and throughput. Herein, we successfully developed a new cell culture method by combining fluoropolymers and dot patterned extracellular matrix substrates to achieve size-controlled spheroids. First, the spheroids were spontaneously formed by culturing them two-dimensionally, after which the cells were detached with a weak liquid flow and cultured in suspension without enzyme treatment. Stable quality spheroids were easily produced, and it is expected that the introduction and running costs of the technique will be low; therefore, this method shows potential for application in the field of regenerative medicine.
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10
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Delkash Y, Gouin M, Rimbeault T, Mohabatpour F, Papagerakis P, Maw S, Chen X. Bioprinting and In Vitro Characterization of an Eggwhite-Based Cell-Laden Patch for Endothelialized Tissue Engineering Applications. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:jfb12030045. [PMID: 34449625 PMCID: PMC8395907 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an emerging fabrication technique to create 3D constructs with living cells. Notably, bioprinting bioinks are limited due to the mechanical weakness of natural biomaterials and the low bioactivity of synthetic peers. This paper presents the development of a natural bioink from chicken eggwhite and sodium alginate for bioprinting cell-laden patches to be used in endothelialized tissue engineering applications. Eggwhite was utilized for enhanced biological properties, while sodium alginate was used to improve bioink printability. The rheological properties of bioinks with varying amounts of sodium alginate were examined with the results illustrating that 2.0-3.0% (w/v) sodium alginate was suitable for printing patch constructs. The printed patches were then characterized mechanically and biologically, and the results showed that the printed patches exhibited elastic moduli close to that of natural heart tissue (20-27 kPa) and more than 94% of the vascular endothelial cells survived in the examination period of one week post 3D bioprinting. Our research also illustrated the printed patches appropriate water uptake ability (>1800%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Delkash
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (M.G.); (T.R.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (X.C.)
| | - Maxence Gouin
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (M.G.); (T.R.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
- School of Engineering, Icam Site de Paris-Sénart, 34 Points de Vue, 77127 Lieusaint, France
| | - Tanguy Rimbeault
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (M.G.); (T.R.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
- School of Engineering, Icam Site de Vendée, 28 Boulevard d’Angleterre, 85000 La Roche-sur-Yon, France
| | - Fatemeh Mohabatpour
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (M.G.); (T.R.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (M.G.); (T.R.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada
| | - Sean Maw
- Graham School of Professional Development, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada;
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (M.G.); (T.R.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (X.C.)
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11
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Moghaddam AS, Khonakdar HA, Arjmand M, Jafari SH, Bagher Z, Moghaddam ZS, Chimerad M, Sisakht MM, Shojaei S. Review of Bioprinting in Regenerative Medicine: Naturally Derived Bioinks and Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4049-4070. [PMID: 35006822 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine offers the potential to repair or substitute defective tissues by constructing active tissues to address the scarcity and demands for transplantation. The method of forming 3D constructs made up of biomaterials, cells, and biomolecules is called bioprinting. Bioprinting of stem cells provides the ability to reliably recreate tissues, organs, and microenvironments to be used in regenerative medicine. 3D bioprinting is a technique that uses several biomaterials and cells to tailor a structure with clinically relevant geometries and sizes. This technique's promise is demonstrated by 3D bioprinted tissues, including skin, bone, cartilage, and cardiovascular, corneal, hepatic, and adipose tissues. Several bioprinting methods have been combined with stem cells to effectively produce tissue models, including adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and differentiation techniques. In this review, technological challenges of printed stem cells using prevalent naturally derived bioinks (e.g., carbohydrate polymers and protein-based polymers, peptides, and decellularized extracellular matrix), recent advancements, leading companies, and clinical trials in the field of 3D bioprinting are delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Salehi Moghaddam
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4593, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Khonakdar
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, Dresden D-01069, Germany.,Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965-115, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arjmand
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Seyed Hassan Jafari
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4593, Iran
| | - Zohreh Bagher
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Centre and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran
| | - Zahra Salehi Moghaddam
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, 14155-6455 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Chimerad
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16844, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mollapour Sisakht
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19379-57511, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 DR, The Netherlands
| | - Shahrokh Shojaei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, PO Box 13185/768, Tehran 15689-37813, Iran.,Stem Cells Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, PO Box 13185-768, Tehran 15689-37813, Iran
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Sedlakova V, McTiernan C, Cortes D, Suuronen EJ, Alarcon EI. 3D Bioprinted Cardiac Tissues and Devices for Tissue Maturation. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:406-419. [PMID: 33677445 DOI: 10.1159/000512792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Given the limited endogenous regenerative capabilities of cardiac tissue, patient-specific anatomy, challenges in treatment options, and shortage of donor tissues for transplantation, there is an urgent need for novel approaches in cardiac tissue repair. 3D bioprinting is a technology based on additive manufacturing which allows for the design of precisely controlled and spatially organized structures, which could possibly lead to solutions in cardiac tissue repair. In this review, we describe the basic morphological and physiological specifics of the heart and cardiac tissues and introduce the readers to the fundamental principles underlying 3D printing technology and some of the materials/approaches which have been used to date for cardiac repair. By summarizing recent progress in 3D printing of cardiac tissue and valves with respect to the key features of cardiovascular tissue (such as contractility, conductivity, and vascularization), we highlight how 3D printing can facilitate surgical planning and provide custom-fit implants and properties that match those from the native heart. Finally, we also discuss the suitability of this technology in the design and fabrication of custom-made devices intended for the maturation of the cardiac tissue, a process that has been shown to increase the viability of implants. Altogether this review shows that 3D printing and bioprinting are versatile and highly modulative technologies with wide applications in cardiac regeneration and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Sedlakova
- BEaTS Research, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Christopher McTiernan
- BEaTS Research, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Cortes
- BEaTS Research, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erik J Suuronen
- BEaTS Research, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emilio I Alarcon
- BEaTS Research, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, .,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,
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13
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Shiwarski DJ, Hudson AR, Tashman JW, Feinberg AW. Emergence of FRESH 3D printing as a platform for advanced tissue biofabrication. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:010904. [PMID: 33644626 PMCID: PMC7889293 DOI: 10.1063/5.0032777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In tissue engineering, an unresolved challenge is how to build complex 3D scaffolds in order to recreate the structure and function of human tissues and organs. Additive manufacturing techniques, such as 3D bioprinting, have the potential to build biological material with unprecedented spatial control; however, printing soft biological materials in air often results in poor fidelity. Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogels (FRESH) is an embedded printing approach that solves this problem by extruding bioinks within a yield-stress support bath that holds the bioinks in place until cured. In this Perspective, we discuss the challenges of 3D printing soft and liquid-like bioinks and the emergence for FRESH and related embedded printing techniques as a solution. This includes the development of FRESH and embedded 3D printing within the bioprinting field and the rapid growth in adoption, as well as the advantages of FRESH printing for biofabrication and the new research results this has enabled. Specific focus is on the customizability of the FRESH printing technique where the chemical composition of the yield-stress support bath and aqueous phase crosslinker can all be tailored for printing a wide range of bioinks in complex 3D structures. Finally, we look ahead at the future of FRESH printing, discussing both the challenges and the opportunities that we see as the biofabrication field develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Shiwarski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Andrew R. Hudson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Joshua W. Tashman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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14
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Kang SM, Kim D, Lee JH, Takayama S, Park JY. Engineered Microsystems for Spheroid and Organoid Studies. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001284. [PMID: 33185040 PMCID: PMC7855453 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
3D in vitro model systems such as spheroids and organoids provide an opportunity to extend the physiological understanding using recapitulated tissues that mimic physiological characteristics of in vivo microenvironments. Unlike 2D systems, 3D in vitro systems can bridge the gap between inadequate 2D cultures and the in vivo environments, providing novel insights on complex physiological mechanisms at various scales of organization, ranging from the cellular, tissue-, to organ-levels. To satisfy the ever-increasing need for highly complex and sophisticated systems, many 3D in vitro models with advanced microengineering techniques have been developed to answer diverse physiological questions. This review summarizes recent advances in engineered microsystems for the development of 3D in vitro model systems. The relationship between the underlying physics behind the microengineering techniques, and their ability to recapitulate distinct 3D cellular structures and functions of diverse types of tissues and organs are highlighted and discussed in detail. A number of 3D in vitro models and their engineering principles are also introduced. Finally, current limitations are summarized, and perspectives for future directions in guiding the development of 3D in vitro model systems using microengineering techniques are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Kang
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31066, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Lee
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Joong Yull Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
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15
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Lee J, Park D, Seo Y, Chung JJ, Jung Y, Kim SH. Organ-Level Functional 3D Tissue Constructs with Complex Compartments and their Preclinical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002096. [PMID: 33103834 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in organ-level 3D tissue constructs, owing to their mirroring of in vivo-like features. This has resulted in a wide range of preclinical applications to obtain cell- or tissue-specific responses. Additionally, the development and improvement of sophisticated technologies, such as organoid generation, microfluidics, hydrogel engineering, and 3D printing, have enhanced 3D tissue constructs to become more elaborate. In particular, recent studies have focused on including complex compartments, i.e., vascular and innervation structured 3D tissue constructs, which mimic the nature of the human body in that all tissues/organs are interconnected and physiological phenomena are mediated through vascular and neural systems. Here, the strategies are categorized according to the number of dimensions (0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D) of the starting materials for scaling up, and novel approaches to introduce increased complexity in 3D tissue constructs are highlighted. Recent advances in preclinical applications are also investigated to gain insight into the future direction of 3D tissue construct research. Overcoming the challenges in improving organ-level functional 3D tissue constructs both in vitro and in vivo will ultimately become a life-saving tool in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseo Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - DoYeun Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoojin Seo
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Justin J Chung
- Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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16
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Wendel JRH, Wang X, Smith LJ, Hawkins SM. Three-Dimensional Biofabrication Models of Endometriosis and the Endometriotic Microenvironment. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110525. [PMID: 33233463 PMCID: PMC7700676 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis occurs when endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterine cavity, leading to pelvic pain, infertility, and increased risk of ovarian cancer. The present study describes the optimization and characterization of cellular spheroids as building blocks for Kenzan scaffold-free method biofabrication and proof-of-concept models of endometriosis and the endometriotic microenvironment. The spheroid building blocks must be of a specific diameter (~500 μm), compact, round, and smooth to withstand Kenzan biofabrication. Under optimized spheroid conditions for biofabrication, the endometriotic epithelial-like cell line, 12Z, expressed high levels of estrogen-related genes and secreted high amounts of endometriotic inflammatory factors that were independent of TNFα stimulation. Heterotypic spheroids, composed of 12Z and T-HESC, an immortalized endometrial stromal cell line, self-assembled into a biologically relevant pattern, consisting of epithelial cells on the outside of the spheroids and stromal cells in the core. 12Z spheroids were biofabricated into large three-dimensional constructs alone, with HEYA8 spheroids, or as heterotypic spheroids with T-HESC. These three-dimensional biofabricated constructs containing multiple monotypic or heterotypic spheroids represent the first scaffold-free biofabricated in vitro models of endometriosis and the endometriotic microenvironment. These efficient and innovative models will allow us to study the complex interactions of multiple cell types within a biologically relevant microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian R. H. Wendel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (J.R.H.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiyin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (J.R.H.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Lester J. Smith
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- 3D Bioprinting Core, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Shannon M. Hawkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (J.R.H.W.); (X.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-317-274-8225
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Adhikari J, Roy A, Das A, Ghosh M, Thomas S, Sinha A, Kim J, Saha P. Effects of Processing Parameters of 3D Bioprinting on the Cellular Activity of Bioinks. Macromol Biosci 2020; 21:e2000179. [PMID: 33017096 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this review, few established cell printing techniques along with their parameters that affect the cell viability during bioprinting are considered. 3D bioprinting is developed on the principle of additive manufacturing using biomaterial inks and bioinks. Different bioprinting methods impose few challenges on cell printing such as shear stress, mechanical impact, heat, laser radiation, etc., which eventually lead to cell death. These factors also cause alteration of cells phenotype, recoverable or irrecoverable damages to the cells. Such challenges are not addressed in detail in the literature and scientific reports. Hence, this review presents a detailed discussion of several cellular bioprinting methods and their process-related impacts on cell viability, followed by probable mitigation techniques. Most of the printable bioinks encompass cells within hydrogel as scaffold material to avoid the direct exposure of the harsh printing environment on cells. However, the advantages of printing with scaffold-free cellular aggregates over cell-laden hydrogels have emerged very recently. Henceforth, optimal and favorable crosslinking mechanisms providing structural rigidity to the cell-laden printed constructs with ideal cell differentiation and proliferation, are discussed for improved understanding of cell printing methods for the future of organ printing and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Adhikari
- J. Adhikari, A. Das, Dr. A. Sinha, M. N. Dastur School of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711103, India
| | - Avinava Roy
- A. Roy, Dr. M. Ghosh, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711103, India
| | - Anindya Das
- J. Adhikari, A. Das, Dr. A. Sinha, M. N. Dastur School of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711103, India
| | - Manojit Ghosh
- A. Roy, Dr. M. Ghosh, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711103, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- Prof. S. Thomas, School of Chemical Sciences, MG University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Arijit Sinha
- J. Adhikari, A. Das, Dr. A. Sinha, M. N. Dastur School of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711103, India
| | - Jinku Kim
- Prof. J. Kim, Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, 30016, South Korea
| | - Prosenjit Saha
- Dr. P. Saha, Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research (JISIASR) Kolkata, JIS University, Arch Water Front Building, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, 700091, India
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18
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Stewart CE, Kan CFK, Stewart BR, Sanicola HW, Jung JP, Sulaiman OAR, Wang D. Machine intelligence for nerve conduit design and production. J Biol Eng 2020; 14:25. [PMID: 32944070 PMCID: PMC7487837 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-020-00245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have emerged from recent advances within tissue engineering as a promising alternative to autografts for peripheral nerve repair. NGCs are tubular structures with engineered biomaterials, which guide axonal regeneration from the injured proximal nerve to the distal stump. NGC design can synergistically combine multiple properties to enhance proliferation of stem and neuronal cells, improve nerve migration, attenuate inflammation and reduce scar tissue formation. The aim of most laboratories fabricating NGCs is the development of an automated process that incorporates patient-specific features and complex tissue blueprints (e.g. neurovascular conduit) that serve as the basis for more complicated muscular and skin grafts. One of the major limitations for tissue engineering is lack of guidance for generating tissue blueprints and the absence of streamlined manufacturing processes. With the rapid expansion of machine intelligence, high dimensional image analysis, and computational scaffold design, optimized tissue templates for 3D bioprinting (3DBP) are feasible. In this review, we examine the translational challenges to peripheral nerve regeneration and where machine intelligence can innovate bottlenecks in neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb E. Stewart
- Current Affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport Louisiana, USA
| | - Chin Fung Kelvin Kan
- Current Affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Brody R. Stewart
- Current Affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Henry W. Sanicola
- Current Affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport Louisiana, USA
| | - Jangwook P. Jung
- Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Olawale A. R. Sulaiman
- Ochsner Neural Injury & Regeneration Laboratory, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70121 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, 70121 USA
| | - Dadong Wang
- Quantitative Imaging Research Team, Data 61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Marsfield, NSW 2122 Australia
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19
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Breathwaite E, Weaver J, Odanga J, dela Pena-Ponce M, Lee JB. 3D Bioprinted Osteogenic Tissue Models for In Vitro Drug Screening. Molecules 2020; 25:E3442. [PMID: 32751124 PMCID: PMC7435717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic bone disease affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, and as a result, in vitro models of bone tissue have become essential tools to help analyze bone pathogenesis, develop drug screening, and test potential therapeutic strategies. Drugs that either promote or impair bone formation are in high demand for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases. These drugs work by targeting numerous signaling pathways responsible for regulating osteogenesis such as Hedgehog, Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K-AKT. In this study, differentiated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) scaffold-free 3D bioprinted constructs and 2D monolayer cultures were utilized to screen four drugs predicted to either promote (Icariin and Purmorphamine) or impair osteogenesis (PD98059 and U0126). Osteogenic differentiation capacity was analyzed over a four week culture period by evaluating mineralization, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and osteogenesis related gene expression. Responses to drug treatment were observed in both 3D differentiated constructs and 2D monolayer cultures. After four weeks in culture, 3D differentiated constructs and 2D monolayer cultures treated with Icariin or Purmorphamine showed increased mineralization, ALP activity, and the gene expression of bone formation markers (BGLAP, SSP1, and COL1A1), signaling molecules (MAPK1, WNT1, and AKT1), and transcription factors (RUNX2 and GLI1) that regulate osteogenic differentiation relative to untreated. 3D differentiated constructs and 2D monolayer cultures treated with PD98059 or U0126 showed decreased mineralization, ALP activity, and the expression of the aforementioned genes BGLAP, SPP1, COL1A1, MAPK1, AKT1, RUNX2, and GLI1 relative to untreated. Differences in ALP activity and osteogenesis related gene expression relative to untreated cells cultured in a 2D monolayer were greater in 3D constructs compared to 2D monolayer cultures. These findings suggest that our bioprinted bone model system offers a more sensitive, biologically relevant drug screening platform than traditional 2D monolayer in vitro testing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jung Bok Lee
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, LifeNet Health, 1864 Concert Drive, Virginia Beach, VA 23453, USA; (E.B.); (J.W.); (J.O.); (M.d.P.-P.)
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Yu X, Zhang T, Li Y. 3D Printing and Bioprinting Nerve Conduits for Neural Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1637. [PMID: 32717878 PMCID: PMC7465920 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabrication of nerve conduits for perfectly repairing or replacing damaged peripheral nerve is an urgent demand worldwide, but it is also a formidable clinical challenge. In the last decade, with the rapid development of manufacture technologies, 3D printing and bioprinting have been becoming remarkable stars in the field of neural engineering. In this review, we explore that the biomaterial inks (hydrogels, thermoplastic, and thermoset polyesters and composite) and bioinks have been selected for 3D printing and bioprinting of peripheral nerve conduits. This review covers 3D manufacturing technologies, including extrusion printing, inkjet printing, stereolithography, and bioprinting with inclusion of cells, bioactive molecules, and drugs. Finally, an outlook on the future directions of 3D printing and 4D printing in customizable nerve therapies is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Yu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Tian Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
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21
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In Vitro Mechanical and Biological Properties of 3D Printed Polymer Composite and β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffold on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13143057. [PMID: 32650530 PMCID: PMC7412522 DOI: 10.3390/ma13143057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
3D printed biomaterials have been extensively investigated and developed in the field of bone regeneration related to clinical issues. However, specific applications of 3D printed biomaterials in different dental areas have seldom been reported. In this study, we aimed to and successfully fabricated 3D poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate (3D-PLGA/TCP) and 3D β-tricalcium phosphate (3D-TCP) scaffolds using two relatively distinct 3D printing (3DP) technologies. Conjunctively, we compared and investigated mechanical and biological responses on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Physicochemical properties of the scaffolds, including pore structure, chemical elements, and compression modulus, were characterized. hDPSCs were cultured on scaffolds for subsequent investigations of biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Our findings indicate that 3D printed PLGA/TCP and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds possessed a highly interconnected and porous structure. 3D-TCP scaffolds exhibited better compressive strength than 3D-PLGA/TCP scaffolds, while the 3D-PLGA/TCP scaffolds revealed a flexible mechanical performance. The introduction of 3D structure and β-TCP components increased the adhesion and proliferation of hDPSCs and promoted osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, 3D-PLGA/TCP and 3D-TCP scaffolds, with the incorporation of hDPSCs as a personalized restoration approach, has a prospective potential to repair minor and critical bone defects in oral and maxillofacial surgery, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Bedell
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 South Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Adam M. Navara
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 South Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Yingying Du
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shengmin Zhang
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Antonios G. Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 South Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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23
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Chen AM, Lashmet M, Isidan A, Sterner JL, Walsh J, Koehler C, Li P, Ekser B, Smith L. Oxygenation Profiles of Human Blood, Cell Culture Medium, and Water for Perfusion of 3D-Bioprinted Tissues using the FABRICA Bioreactor Platform. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7237. [PMID: 32350358 PMCID: PMC7190847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent and saturated oxygen distribution from perfusion media (i.e., blood, or cell culture media) to cells within cell-dense, metabolically-active biofabricated tissues is required to keep them viable. Improper or poor oxygen supply to cells within the tissue bulk severely limits the tissue culturing potential of many bioreactors. We added an oxygenator module to our modular FABRICA bioreactor in order to provide stable oxygenation to biofabricated tissues during culture. In this proof of concept study of an oxygenated and perfused bioreactor, we characterized the oxygenation of water, cell culture medium, and human blood in the FABRICA as functions of augmenting vacuum (air inlet) pressure, perfusion (volumetric flow) rate, and tubing/oxygenator components. The mean oxygen levels for water and cell culture media were 27.7 ± 2.1% and 27.6 ± 4.1%, respectively. The mean oxygen level for human blood was 197.0 ± 90.0 mmHg, with near-physiologic levels achieved with low-permeability PharMed tubing alone (128.0 ± 14.0 mmHg). Hematologic values pre- and post-oxygenation, respectively were (median ± IQR): Red blood cell: 6.0 ± 0.5 (106/μL) and 6.5 ± 0.4 (106/μL); Hemoglobin: 17.5 ± 1.2 g/dL and 19.2 ± 3.0 g/dL; and Hematocrit: 56.7 ± 2.4% and 61.4 ± 7.5%. The relative stability of the hematologic parameters indicates that blood function and thus blood cell integrity were maintained throughout oxygenation. Already a versatile research tool, the now oxygenated FABRICA provides easy-to-implement, in vivo-like perfusion and stable oxygenation culture conditions in vitro semi-independently of one another, which means the bioreactor has the potential to serve as a platform for investigating the behavior of 3D tissue models (regardless of biofabrication method), performing drug toxicity-testing, and testing pharmaceutical efficacy/safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Chen
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew Lashmet
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Abdulkadir Isidan
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jane L Sterner
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University of School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,3D Bioprinting Core, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Julia Walsh
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cutter Koehler
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lester Smith
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University of School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,3D Bioprinting Core, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the impact of a new technology, 3D-bioprinting, in xenotransplantation research. RECENT FINDINGS Genetically engineered pigs, beginning with human (h) CD55-transgenic and Gal-knockout pigs, have improved the outcomes of xenotransplantation research. Today, there are more than 30 different genetically engineered pigs either expressing human gene(s) or lacking pig gene(s). CRIPSR/cas9 technology has facilitated the production of multigene pigs (up to nine genes in a single pig), which lack multiple pig xenoantigens, and express human transgenes, such as hCD46, hCD55, hThrombomodulin, hCD39, etc. Although recent studies in nonhuman primates (NHPs) have demonstrated prolonged survival after life-supporting pig kidney, heart, and islet xenotransplantation, researchers have difficulty determining the best genetic combination to test in NHPs because of a potential greater than 100 000 genetic combinations. 3D-bioprinting of genetically engineered pig cells: is superior to 2D in-vitro testing, enables organ-specific testing, helps to understand differences in immunogenicity between organs, and is faster and cheaper than testing in NHPs. Moreover, 3D-bioprinted cells can be continuously perfused in a bioreactor, controlling for all variables, except the studied variable. SUMMARY 3D-bioprinting can help in the study of the impact of specific genes (human or pig) in xenotransplantation in a rapid, inexpensive, and reliable way.
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Sego TJ, Prideaux M, Sterner J, McCarthy BP, Li P, Bonewald LF, Ekser B, Tovar A, Jeshua Smith L. Computational fluid dynamic analysis of bioprinted self-supporting perfused tissue models. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:798-815. [PMID: 31788785 PMCID: PMC7015804 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural tissues are incorporated with vasculature, which is further integrated with a cardiovascular system responsible for driving perfusion of nutrient‐rich oxygenated blood through the vasculature to support cell metabolism within most cell‐dense tissues. Since scaffold‐free biofabricated tissues being developed into clinical implants, research models, and pharmaceutical testing platforms should similarly exhibit perfused tissue‐like structures, we generated a generalizable biofabrication method resulting in self‐supporting perfused (SSuPer) tissue constructs incorporated with perfusible microchannels and integrated with the modular FABRICA perfusion bioreactor. As proof of concept, we perfused an MLO‐A5 osteoblast‐based SSuPer tissue in the FABRICA. Although our resulting SSuPer tissue replicated vascularization and perfusion observed in situ, supported its own weight, and stained positively for mineral using Von Kossa staining, our in vitro results indicated that computational fluid dynamics (CFD) should be used to drive future construct design and flow application before further tissue biofabrication and perfusion. We built a CFD model of the SSuPer tissue integrated in the FABRICA and analyzed flow characteristics (net force, pressure distribution, shear stress, and oxygen distribution) through five SSuPer tissue microchannel patterns in two flow directions and at increasing flow rates. Important flow parameters include flow direction, fully developed flow, and tissue microchannel diameters matched and aligned with bioreactor flow channels. We observed that the SSuPer tissue platform is capable of providing direct perfusion to tissue constructs and proper culture conditions (oxygenation, with controllable shear and flow rates), indicating that our approach can be used to biofabricate tissue representing primary tissues and that we can model the system in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Sego
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Matthew Prideaux
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jane Sterner
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,3D Bioprinting Core, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Brian Paul McCarthy
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ping Li
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lynda F Bonewald
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Andres Tovar
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lester Jeshua Smith
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,3D Bioprinting Core, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Breathwaite EK, Weaver JR, Murchison AC, Treadwell ML, Odanga JJ, Lee JB. Scaffold-free bioprinted osteogenic and chondrogenic systems to model osteochondral physiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 14:065010. [PMID: 31491773 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab4243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional bioprinted culture platforms mimic the native microenvironment of tissues more accurately than two-dimensional cell cultures or animal models. Scaffold-free bioprinting eliminates many complications associated with traditional scaffold-dependent printing as well as provides better cell-to-cell interactions and long-term functionality. In this study, constructs were produced from bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) using a scaffold-free bioprinter. These constructs were cultured in either osteogenic, chondrogenic, a 50:50 mixture of osteogenic and chondrogenic ('osteo-chondro'), or BM-MSC growth medium. Osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation capacity was determined over an 8-week culture period using histological and immunohistochemical staining and RT-qPCR (Phase I). After 6 weeks in culture, individual osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiated constructs were adhered to create a bone-cartilage interaction model. Adhered differentiated constructs were cultured for an additional 8 weeks in either chondrogenic or osteo-chondro medium to evaluate sustainability of lineage specification and transdifferentiation potential (Phase II). Constructs cultured in their respective osteogenic and/or chondrogenic medium differentiated directly into bone (model of intramembranous ossification) or cartilage. Positive histological and immunohistochemical staining for bone or cartilage identification was shown after 4 and 8 weeks in culture. Expression of osteogenesis and chondrogenesis associated genes increased between weeks 2 and 6. Adhered individual osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiated constructs sustained their differentiated phenotype when cultured in chondrogenic medium. However, adhered individual chondrogenic differentiated constructs cultured in osteo-chondro medium were converted to bone (model of metaplastic transformation). These bioprinted models of bone-cartilage interaction, intramembranous ossification, and metaplastic transformation of cartilage into bone offer a useful and promising approach for bone and cartilage tissue engineering research. Specifically, these models can be potentially used as functional tissue systems for studying osteochondral defect repair, drug discovery and response, and many other potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick K Breathwaite
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, LifeNet Health, 1864 Concert Drive, Virginia Beach, VA, 23453, United States of America
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