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Khanna A, Oropeza BP, Huang NF. Engineering Spatiotemporal Control in Vascularized Tissues. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100555. [PMID: 36290523 PMCID: PMC9598830 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in engineering scalable three-dimensional tissues is the generation of a functional and developed microvascular network for adequate perfusion of oxygen and growth factors. Current biological approaches to creating vascularized tissues include the use of vascular cells, soluble factors, and instructive biomaterials. Angiogenesis and the subsequent generation of a functional vascular bed within engineered tissues has gained attention and is actively being studied through combinations of physical and chemical signals, specifically through the presentation of topographical growth factor signals. The spatiotemporal control of angiogenic signals can generate vascular networks in large and dense engineered tissues. This review highlights the developments and studies in the spatiotemporal control of these biological approaches through the coordinated orchestration of angiogenic factors, differentiation of vascular cells, and microfabrication of complex vascular networks. Fabrication strategies to achieve spatiotemporal control of vascularization involves the incorporation or encapsulation of growth factors, topographical engineering approaches, and 3D bioprinting techniques. In this article, we highlight the vascularization of engineered tissues, with a focus on vascularized cardiac patches that are clinically scalable for myocardial repair. Finally, we discuss the present challenges for successful clinical translation of engineered tissues and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beu P. Oropeza
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ngan F. Huang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence:
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Lawlor KT, Vanslambrouck JM, Higgins JW, Chambon A, Bishard K, Arndt D, Er PX, Wilson SB, Howden SE, Tan KS, Li F, Hale LJ, Shepherd B, Pentoney S, Presnell SC, Chen AE, Little MH. Cellular extrusion bioprinting improves kidney organoid reproducibility and conformation. Nat Mater 2021; 20:260-271. [PMID: 33230326 PMCID: PMC7855371 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-00853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to kidney organoids brings the prospect of drug screening, disease modelling and the generation of tissue for renal replacement. Currently, these applications are hampered by organoid variability, nephron immaturity, low throughput and limited scale. Here, we apply extrusion-based three-dimensional cellular bioprinting to deliver rapid and high-throughput generation of kidney organoids with highly reproducible cell number and viability. We demonstrate that manual organoid generation can be replaced by 6- or 96-well organoid bioprinting and evaluate the relative toxicity of aminoglycosides as a proof of concept for drug testing. In addition, three-dimensional bioprinting enables precise manipulation of biophysical properties, including organoid size, cell number and conformation, with modification of organoid conformation substantially increasing nephron yield per starting cell number. This facilitates the manufacture of uniformly patterned kidney tissue sheets with functional proximal tubular segments. Hence, automated extrusion-based bioprinting for kidney organoid production delivers improvements in throughput, quality control, scale and structure, facilitating in vitro and in vivo applications of stem cell-derived human kidney tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kynan T Lawlor
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pei Xuan Er
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sean B Wilson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara E Howden
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ker Sin Tan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fanyi Li
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lorna J Hale
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Melissa H Little
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Park JH, Gillispie GJ, Copus JS, Zhang W, Atala A, Yoo JJ, Yelick PC, Lee SJ. The effect of BMP-mimetic peptide tethering bioinks on the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in 3D bioprinted dental constructs. Biofabrication 2020; 12:035029. [PMID: 32428889 PMCID: PMC7641314 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab9492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to use 3D bioprinting technology to create a bioengineered dental construct containing human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). To accomplish this, we first developed a novel bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) peptide-tethering bioink formulation and examined its rheological properties, its printability, and the structural stability of the bioprinted construct. Second, we evaluated the survival and differentiation of hDPSCs in the bioprinted dental construct by measuring cell viability, proliferation, and gene expression, as well as histological and immunofluorescent analyses. Our results showed that the peptide conjugation into the gelatin methacrylate-based bioink formulation was successfully performed. We determined that greater than 50% of the peptides remained in the bioprinted construct after three weeks in vitro cell culture. Human DPSC viability was >90% in the bioprinted constructs immediately after the printing process. Alizarin Red staining showed that the BMP peptide construct group exhibited the highest calcification as compared to the growth medium, osteogenic medium, and non-BMP peptide construct groups. In addition, immunofluorescent and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses showed robust expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein and osteocalcin in the BMP peptide dental constructs. Together, these results strongly suggested that BMP peptide-tethering bioink could accelerate the differentiation of hDPSCs in 3D bioprinted dental constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Park
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Gregory J. Gillispie
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Joshua S. Copus
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Weibo Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University, Boston MA 02111
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - James J. Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | | | - Sang Jin Lee
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
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Cui H, Zhu W, Huang Y, Liu C, Yu ZX, Nowicki M, Miao S, Cheng Y, Zhou X, Lee SJ, Zhou Y, Wang S, Mohiuddin M, Horvath K, Zhang LG. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of 3D bioprinted small-diameter vasculature with smooth muscle and endothelium. Biofabrication 2019; 12:015004. [PMID: 31470437 PMCID: PMC6803062 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab402c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability to fabricate perfusable, small-diameter vasculature is a foundational step toward generating human tissues/organs for clinical applications. Currently, it is highly challenging to generate vasculature integrated with smooth muscle and endothelium that replicates the complexity and functionality of natural vessels. Here, a novel method for directly printing self-standing, small-diameter vasculature with smooth muscle and endothelium is presented through combining tailored mussel-inspired bioink and unique 'fugitive-migration' tactics, and its effectiveness and advantages over other methods (i.e. traditional alginate/calcium hydrogel, post-perfusion of endothelial cells) are demonstrated. The biologically inspired, catechol-functionalized, gelatin methacrylate (GelMA/C) undergoes rapid oxidative crosslinking in situ to form an elastic hydrogel, which can be engineered with controllable mechanical strength, high cell/tissue adhesion, and excellent bio-functionalization. The results demonstrate the bioprinted vascular construct possessed numerous favorable, biomimetic characteristics such as proper biomechanics, higher tissue affinity, vascularized tissue manufacturing ability, beneficial perfusability and permeability, excellent vasculoactivity, and in vivo autonomous connection (∼2 weeks) as well as vascular remodeling (∼6 weeks). The advanced achievements in creating biomimetic, functional vasculature illustrate significant potential toward generating a complicated vascularized tissue/organ for clinical transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, United States of America
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Abstract
In children with congenital heart defects, surgical correction often involves the use of valves, patches or vascular conduits to establish anatomic continuity. Due to the differences between the pediatric and adult populations, tissue reconstruction in pediatric patients requires a substantially different approach from those in adults. Cardiovascular anatomy of children with congenital heart defect vary, which requires tailored surgical operations for each patient. Since grafts used in these palliative surgeries are sensitive to the local hemodynamic environments, their geometries need to be precisely designed to ensure long-term performance. Tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) have made tremendous progress over the past decade, but it remains difficult to fabricate patient- and operation-specific vascular grafts. This review summarizes historical milestones of TEVG development for repairing pediatric congenital defects and current clinical outcomes. We also highlight ongoing works on 3D bioprinting of TEVGs with complex geometries and address the current limitations of each technique. Although 3D bioprinted vascular grafts with appropriate functions are yet to be developed, some of the current researches are promising to create better patient specific tissue engineered vascular grafts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Abstract
3D human cancer models provide a better platform for drug efficacy studies than conventional 2D culture, since they recapitulate important aspects of the in vivo microenvironment. While biofabrication has advanced model creation, bioprinting generally involves extruding individual cells in a bioink and then waiting for these cells to self-assemble into a hierarchical 3D tissue. This self-assembly is time consuming and requires complex cellular interactions with other cell types, extracellular matrix components, and growth factors. We therefore investigated if we could directly bioprint pre-formed 3D spheroids in alginate-based bioinks to create a model tissue that could be used almost immediately. Human breast epithelial cell lines were bioprinted as individual cells or as pre-formed spheroids, either in monoculture or co-culture with vascular endothelial cells. While individual breast cells only spontaneously formed spheroids in Matrigel-based bioink, pre-formed breast spheroids maintained their viability, architecture, and function after bioprinting. Bioprinted breast spheroids were more resistant to paclitaxel than individually printed breast cells; however, this effect was abrogated by endothelial cell co-culture. This study shows that 3D cellular structure bioprinting has potential to create tissue models that quickly replicate the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Swaminathan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
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Nowicki M, Castro NJ, Rao R, Plesniak M, Zhang LG. Integrating three-dimensional printing and nanotechnology for musculoskeletal regeneration. Nanotechnology 2017; 28:382001. [PMID: 28762957 PMCID: PMC5612478 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa8351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering is advancing steadily, partly due to advancements in rapid prototyping technology. Even with increasing focus, successful complex tissue regeneration of vascularized bone, cartilage and the osteochondral interface remains largely illusive. This review examines current three-dimensional printing techniques and their application towards bone, cartilage and osteochondral regeneration. The importance of, and benefit to, nanomaterial integration is also highlighted with recent published examples. Early-stage successes and challenges of recent studies are discussed, with an outlook to future research in the related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Nowicki
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington DC 20052, United States of America
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于 海, 麻 丹, 吴 补. [Gelatin/alginate hydrogel scaffolds prepared by 3D bioprinting promotes cell adhesion and proliferation of human dental pulp cells in vitro]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2017; 37:668-672. [PMID: 28539292 PMCID: PMC6780481 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.05.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cytotoxicity of gelatin/alginate hydrogel scaffolds prepared by 3D bioprinting in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) and compare the cell adhesion and proliferation of the cells seeded in the biomaterial using two different methods. METHODS HDPCs isolated by tissue block culture and enzyme digestion were cultured and passaged. Gelatin/alginate hydrogel scaffolds were printed using a bioplotter, and the cytotoxicity of the aqueous extracts of the scaffold material was tested in the third passage of HDPCs using cell counting kit-8. Scanning electron microscopy and trypan blue were used to assess the adhesion and proliferation of the cells seeded in the scaffold material at a low or high concentration. RESULTS The aqueous extract of the scaffolds at different concentrations showed no obvious cytotoxicity and promoted the proliferation of HDPCs. The scaffolds had a good biocompatibility and HDPCs seeded in the scaffold showed good cell growth. Cell seeding at a high concentration in the scaffold better promoted the adhesion of HDPCs and resulted in a greater cell number on the scaffold surface compared with low-concentration cell seeding after a 5-day culture (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Gelatin<alginate hydrogel scaffolds prepared by 3D bioprinting has a good biocompatibility and promotes the proliferation of HDPCs, and can be used as a scaffold material for tooth regeneration. Cell seeding at a high concentration can better promote cell adhesion to the scaffold material.
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Affiliation(s)
- 海悦 于
- 南方医科大学南方医院,广东 广州 510515Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 南方医科大学口腔医学院,广东 广州 510515College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 丹丹 麻
- 南方医科大学南方医院,广东 广州 510515Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 南方医科大学口腔医学院,广东 广州 510515College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 补领 吴
- 南方医科大学南方医院,广东 广州 510515Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 南方医科大学口腔医学院,广东 广州 510515College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Zhang HB, Xing TL, Yin RX, Shi Y, Yang SM, Zhang WJ. Three-dimensional bioprinting is not only about cell-laden structures. Chin J Traumatol 2016; 19:187-92. [PMID: 27578372 PMCID: PMC4992174 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we focused on a few obstacles that hinder three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting process in tissue engineering. One of the obstacles is the bioinks used to deliver cells. Hydrogels are the most widely used bioink materials; however, they aremechanically weak in nature and cannot meet the requirements for supporting structures, especially when the tissues, such as cartilage, require extracellular matrix to be mechanically strong. Secondly and more importantly, tissue regeneration is not only about building all the components in a way that mimics the structures of living tissues, but also about how to make the constructs function normally in the long term. One of the key issues is sufficient nutrient and oxygen supply to the engineered living constructs. The other is to coordinate the interplays between cells, bioactive agents and extracellular matrix in a natural way. This article reviews the approaches to improve the mechanical strength of hydrogels and their suitability for 3D bioprinting; moreover, the key issues of multiple cell lines coprinting with multiple growth factors, vascularization within engineered living constructs etc. were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Zhang
- Complex and Intelligent Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Long Xing
- Complex and Intelligent Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Xue Yin
- Complex and Intelligent Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Shi
- Complex and Intelligent Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Mo Yang
- Complex and Intelligent Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhang
- Complex and Intelligent Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
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Abbadessa A, Mouser VHM, Blokzijl MM, Gawlitta D, Dhert WJA, Hennink WE, Malda J, Vermonden T. A Synthetic Thermosensitive Hydrogel for Cartilage Bioprinting and Its Biofunctionalization with Polysaccharides. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2137-2147. [PMID: 27171342 PMCID: PMC4931898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels based on triblock copolymers of polyethylene glycol and partially methacrylated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide mono/dilactate] make up an attractive class of biomaterials because of their biodegradability, cytocompatibility, and tunable thermoresponsive and mechanical properties. If these properties are fine-tuned, the hydrogels can be three-dimensionally bioprinted, to generate, for instance, constructs for cartilage repair. This study investigated whether hydrogels based on the polymer mentioned above with a 10% degree of methacrylation (M10P10) support cartilage formation by chondrocytes and whether the incorporation of methacrylated chondroitin sulfate (CSMA) or methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) can improve the mechanical properties, long-term stability, and printability. Chondrocyte-laden M10P10 hydrogels were cultured for 42 days to evaluate chondrogenesis. M10P10 hydrogels with or without polysaccharides were evaluated for their mechanical properties (before and after UV photo-cross-linking), degradation kinetics, and printability. Extensive cartilage matrix production occurred in M10P10 hydrogels, highlighting their potential for cartilage repair strategies. The incorporation of polysaccharides increased the storage modulus of polymer mixtures and decreased the degradation kinetics in cross-linked hydrogels. Addition of HAMA to M10P10 hydrogels improved printability and resulted in three-dimensional constructs with excellent cell viability. Hence, this novel combination of M10P10 with HAMA forms an interesting class of hydrogels for cartilage bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Abbadessa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for
Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box
80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vivian H. M. Mouser
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center
Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten M. Blokzijl
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for
Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box
80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center
Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Debby Gawlitta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special
Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The
Netherlands
| | - Wouter J. A. Dhert
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center
Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80163, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for
Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box
80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center
Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80163, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for
Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box
80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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