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Leuzzi V, Galosi S. Experimental pharmacology: Targeting metabolic pathways. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 169:259-315. [PMID: 37482395 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the treatment for Wilson disease a growing number of treatable inherited dystonias have been identified and their search and treatment have progressively been implemented in the clinics of patients with dystonia. While waiting for gene therapy to be more widely and adequately translated into the clinical setting, the efforts to divert the natural course of dystonia reside in unveiling its pathogenesis. Specific metabolic treatments can rewrite the natural history of the disease by preventing neurotoxic metabolite accumulation or interfering with the cell accumulation of damaging metabolites, restoring energetic cell fuel, supplementing defective metabolites, and supplementing the defective enzyme. A metabolic derangement of cell homeostasis is part of the progression of many non-metabolic genetic lesions and could be the target for possible metabolic approaches. In this chapter, we provided an update on treatment strategies for treatable inherited dystonias and an overview of genetic dystonias with new experimental therapeutic approaches available or close to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Galosi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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Tabatabaee SN, Effat Nejad S, Nikkhah A, Hashemi N, Alavi A, Lang AE, Rohani M, Emamikhah M. Familial Hypermanganesemia in Iran. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2023; 10:850-853. [PMID: 37205251 PMCID: PMC10186995 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Narges Tabatabaee
- Division of Neurology, Firoozgar Hospital, School of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sajjad Effat Nejad
- Division of Neurology, Firoozgar Hospital, School of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ali Nikkhah
- Mofid Children Hospital, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Narges Hashemi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Afagh Alavi
- Genetics Research CenterUniversity of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation SciencesTehranIran
| | - Anthony E. Lang
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Edmond J. Safra Program in PD and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Mohammad Rohani
- Department of Neurology, Rasool Akram Hospital, School of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Maziar Emamikhah
- Department of Neurology, Rasool Akram Hospital, School of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Garg D, Yoganathan S, Shamim U, Mankad K, Gulati P, Bonifati V, Botre A, Kalane U, Saini AG, Sankhyan N, Srivastava K, Gowda VK, Juneja M, Kamate M, Padmanabha H, Panigrahi D, Pachapure S, Udani V, Kumar A, Pandey S, Thomas M, Danda S, Iqbalahmed SA, Subramanian A, Pemde H, Singh V, Faruq M, Sharma S. Clinical Profile and Treatment Outcomes of Hypermanganesemia with Dystonia 1 and 2 among 27 Indian Children. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2022; 9:886-899. [PMID: 36247901 PMCID: PMC9547147 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypermanganesemia with dystonia 1 and 2 (HMNDYT1 and 2) are rare, inherited disorders of manganese transport. Objectives We aimed to describe clinical, laboratory features, and outcomes among children with HMNDYT. Methods We conducted a retrospective multicenter study involving tertiary centers across India. We enrolled children between 1 month to 18 years of age with genetically confirmed/clinically probable HMNDYT. Clinical, laboratory profile, genetic testing, treatment details, and outcomes scored by treating physicians on a Likert scale were recorded. Results We enrolled 27 children (19 girls). Fourteen harbored SLC30A10 mutations; nine had SLC39A14 mutations. The SLC39A14 cohort had lower median age at onset (1.3 [interquartile range (IQR), 0.7-5.5] years) versus SLC30A10 cohort (2.0 [IQR, 1.5-5.1] years). The most frequent neurological features were dystonia (100%; n = 27), gait abnormality (77.7%; n = 21), falls (66.7%; n = 18), and parkinsonism (59.3%; n = 16). Median serum manganese (Mn) levels among SLC39A14 (44.9 [IQR, 27.3-147.7] mcg/L) cohort were higher than SLC30A10 (29.4 [17.1-42.0] mcg/L); median hemoglobin was higher in SLC30A10 (16.3 [IQR, 15.2-17.5] g/dL) versus SLC39A14 cohort (12.5 [8.8-13.2] g/dL). Hepatic involvement and polycythaemia were observed exclusively in SLC30A10 variants. A total of 26/27 children underwent chelation with disodium calcium edetate. Nine demonstrated some improvement, three stabilized, two had marked improvement, and one had normalization. Children with SLC39A14 mutations had poorer response. Two children died and nine were lost to follow-up. Conclusions We found female predominance. Children with SLC39A14 mutations presented at younger age and responded less favorably to chelation compared to SLC30A10 mutations. There is emerging need to better define management strategies, especially in low resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyani Garg
- Department of NeurologyLady Hardinge Medical College and Associated HospitalsNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Uzma Shamim
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Kshitij Mankad
- Department of RadiologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Parveen Gulati
- Department of RadiodiagnosisDoctor Gulati Imaging InstituteNew DelhiIndia
| | - Vincenzo Bonifati
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Umesh Kalane
- Department of PediatricsDeenanath Mangeshkar HospitalPuneIndia
| | - Arushi Gahlot Saini
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric CenterPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | - Naveen Sankhyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric CenterPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | - Kavita Srivastava
- Department of PediatricsBharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical CollegePuneIndia
| | - Vykuntaraju K. Gowda
- Division of Pediatric NeurologyIndira Gandhi Institute of Child HealthBangaloreIndia
| | - Monica Juneja
- Department of Pediatrics, Lok Nayak Hospital, Maulana Azad Medical CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew DelhiIndia
| | - Mahesh Kamate
- Child Development and Pediatric Neurology Division, Department of PediatricsKAHER's J N Medical CollegeBelgaumIndia
| | - Hansashree Padmanabha
- Department of NeurologyNational Institute of Mental Health and NeurosciencesBangaloreIndia
| | | | - Shaila Pachapure
- Department of Pediatrics, KAHER's J N Medical CollegeBelgaumIndia
| | - Vrajesh Udani
- Department of Child NeurologyPD Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research CentreMumbaiIndia
| | - Atin Kumar
- Department of RadiodiagnosisAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Sanjay Pandey
- Department of NeurologyGovind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate medical education and researchNew DelhiIndia
| | - Maya Thomas
- Department of Neurological SciencesChristian Medical CollegeVelloreIndia
| | - Sumita Danda
- Department of Clinical GeneticsChristian Medical CollegeVelloreIndia
| | | | | | - Harish Pemde
- Department of Pediatrics (Neurology division)Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated HospitalsNew DelhiIndia
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department of Pediatrics (Neurology division)Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated HospitalsNew DelhiIndia
| | - Mohammed Faruq
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Suvasini Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics (Neurology division)Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated HospitalsNew DelhiIndia
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Spaur M, Nigra AE, Sanchez TR, Navas-Acien A, Lazo M, Wu HC. Association of blood manganese, selenium with steatosis, fibrosis in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2017-18. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113647. [PMID: 35691383 PMCID: PMC10031575 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic liver disease is a growing health burden worldwide. Chronic metal exposures may be associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to evaluate the association of blood cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se) with two hallmark features of NAFLD: liver steatosis and fibrosis in the general U.S. METHODS We analyzed transient liver elastography data from participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-18, using ordinal logistic regression analyses to evaluate the cross-sectional association between blood metal concentrations and clinical stages of steatosis and fibrosis. We applied survey weights, strata, and primary sampling units and analyses were conducted using the R survey package. RESULTS 4,154 participants were included. Median (IQR) for blood Mn and blood Se were 9.28 (7.48-11.39) and 191.08 (176.55-207.16) μg/L, respectively. Per interquartile range increase of natural log transformed blood Mn, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) was 1.59 (1.13-2.23) for a higher grade of steatosis and 1.16 (0.67-2.00) for liver fibrosis. The corresponding OR for steatosis was 2.00 (1.24-3.24) and 2.14 (1.04-4.42) in Black and Mexican American participants, respectively. The corresponding OR for liver fibrosis was 2.96 (1.42-6.17) for females. Per interquartile range increase of natural log transformed blood Se, the adjusted OR was 2.25 (1.30-3.89) for steatosis but 0.31 (0.13-0.72) for liver fibrosis. The inverse association of blood Se with liver fibrosis was also observed in males and White participants. Blood Cd, Hg, and Pb were not associated with liver steatosis and fibrosis in fully-adjusted models overall. CONCLUSIONS In NHANES 2017-18, higher blood Mn was positively associated with liver steatosis, and higher Se was positively associated with liver steatosis but negatively associated with liver fibrosis. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the association of Mn and Se with fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Spaur
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, W 168th St, Room 1107, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Anne E Nigra
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, W 168th St, Room 1107, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Tiffany R Sanchez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, W 168th St, Room 1107, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, W 168th St, Room 1107, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mariana Lazo
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Hui-Chen Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, W 168th St, Room 1107, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Alhasan KA, Alshuaibi W, Hamad MH, Salim S, Jamjoom DZ, Alhashim AH, AlGhamdi MA, Kentab AY, Bashiri FA. Hypermanganesemia with Dystonia Type 2: A Potentially Treatable Neurodegenerative Disorder: A Case Series in a Tertiary University Hospital. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9091335. [PMID: 36138644 PMCID: PMC9497897 DOI: 10.3390/children9091335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Importance: Hypermanganesemia with dystonia type 2 is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of previously acquired milestones, dystonia, parkinsonian features, a high serum manganese level, and characteristic neuroimaging findings such as bilateral and symmetrically increased T1 and decreased T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery signal intensity in the basal ganglia. This condition is secondary to a mutation in the SLC39A14 gene. Objective: To present a series of three cases of hypermanganesemia with dystonia type 2, which was genetically confirmed secondary to a mutation in the SLC39A14 gene, and to describe the treatment and clinical course in these cases. Design: A retrospective case series. Setting: University, Tertiary hospital. Participants: Three unrelated pediatric patients with hypermanganesemia with dystonia type 2, genetically confirmed to be secondary to a mutation in the SLC39A14 gene. Exposures: Chelation therapy using calcium disodium edetate. Main outcome(s) and measure(s): The response to chelation therapy based on clinical improvements in motor and cognition developments. Results: All three patients were started on chelation therapy using calcium disodium edetate, and two of them showed an improvement in their clinical course. The chelation therapy could alter the course of the disease and prevent deterioration in the clinical setting. Conclusions and Relevance: Early diagnosis and intervention with chelating agents, such as calcium disodium edetate, will help change the outcome in patients with hypermanganesemia with dystonia type 2. This finding highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment in improving the outcomes of patients with treatable neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A. Alhasan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa Alshuaibi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muddathir H. Hamad
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suha Salim
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dima Z. Jamjoom
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aqeela H. Alhashim
- Pediatric Neurology Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak Ali AlGhamdi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Y. Kentab
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Bashiri
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-118066331
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Jagadish S, Howard L, Thati Ganganna S. Atypical presentation of SLC30A10 gene mutation with hypermanganesemia, seizures and polycythemia. Epilepsy Behav Rep 2021; 16:100505. [PMID: 34877518 PMCID: PMC8633869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebr.2021.100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizure was the sole neurological symptom of hereditary hypermanganesemia. In this case. Absence of pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs or liver failure were other outstanding features. Treatment with chelation therapy led to resolution of seizures and T1 hyperintensity on brain MRI.
Manganese is an essential element that is ubiquitously present in our diet and water supply. It is a cofactor for several critical physiological processes. Elevated blood levels of Manganese secondary to SLC30A10 gene mutation presents distinctly with dystonia, polycythemia, chronic liver disease and a characteristic high T1 signal in basal ganglia on brain MRI. The primary treatment for this condition is chelation along with iron therapy. We report a previously healthy boy with compound heterozygous SLC30A10 gene mutations who had a unique clinical presentation with prominent seizures, polycythemia, and characteristic T1 hyperintensity in basal ganglia. Seizures have not been previously reported to be associated with this specific mutation.
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Key Words
- ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- CBC, complete blood count
- Dystonia
- EEG, electroencephalogram
- Hypermanganesemia
- MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin
- MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
- MCV, mean corpuscular volume
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- Mn, Manganese
- Polycythemia
- RDW, red cell distribution width
- SLC30A10 gene mutation
- Seizures
- T1 hyperintensity
- TIBC, total iron binding capacity
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Budinger D, Barral S, Soo AKS, Kurian MA. The role of manganese dysregulation in neurological disease: emerging evidence. Lancet Neurol 2021; 20:956-968. [PMID: 34687639 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Manganese is an essential trace metal. The dysregulation of manganese seen in a broad spectrum of neurological disorders reflects its importance in brain development and key neurophysiological processes. Historically, the observation of acquired manganism in miners and people who misuse drugs provided early evidence of brain toxicity related to manganese exposure. The identification of inherited manganese transportopathies, which cause neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative syndromes, further corroborates the neurotoxic potential of this element. Moreover, manganese dyshomoeostasis is also implicated in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. Ongoing and future research will facilitate the development of better targeted therapeutical strategies than are currently available for manganese-associated neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Budinger
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London, London, UK
| | - Serena Barral
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London, London, UK
| | - Audrey K S Soo
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
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Tarnacka B, Jopowicz A, Maślińska M. Copper, Iron, and Manganese Toxicity in Neuropsychiatric Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157820. [PMID: 34360586 PMCID: PMC8346158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper, manganese, and iron are vital elements required for the appropriate development and the general preservation of good health. Additionally, these essential metals play key roles in ensuring proper brain development and function. They also play vital roles in the central nervous system as significant cofactors for several enzymes, including the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other enzymes that take part in the creation and breakdown of neurotransmitters in the brain. An imbalance in the levels of these metals weakens the structural, regulatory, and catalytic roles of different enzymes, proteins, receptors, and transporters and is known to provoke the development of various neurological conditions through different mechanisms, such as via induction of oxidative stress, increased α-synuclein aggregation and fibril formation, and stimulation of microglial cells, thus resulting in inflammation and reduced production of metalloproteins. In the present review, the authors focus on neurological disorders with psychiatric signs associated with copper, iron, and manganese excess and the diagnosis and potential treatment of such disorders. In our review, we described diseases related to these metals, such as aceruloplasminaemia, neuroferritinopathy, pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) and other very rare classical NBIA forms, manganism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ephedrone encephalopathy, HMNDYT1-SLC30A10 deficiency (HMNDYT1), HMNDYT2-SLC39A14 deficiency, CDG2N-SLC39A8 deficiency, hepatic encephalopathy, prion disease and “prion-like disease”, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, Friedreich’s ataxia, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Tarnacka
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-603944804
| | - Anna Jopowicz
- Department of Rehabilitation, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Maria Maślińska
- Department of Early Arthritis, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
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Tinkov AA, Paoliello MMB, Mazilina AN, Skalny AV, Martins AC, Voskresenskaya ON, Aaseth J, Santamaria A, Notova SV, Tsatsakis A, Lee E, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Molecular Targets of Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity: A Five-Year Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4646. [PMID: 33925013 PMCID: PMC8124173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of the immediate mechanisms of Mn-induced neurotoxicity is rapidly evolving. We seek to provide a summary of recent findings in the field, with an emphasis to clarify existing gaps and future research directions. We provide, here, a brief review of pertinent discoveries related to Mn-induced neurotoxicity research from the last five years. Significant progress was achieved in understanding the role of Mn transporters, such as SLC39A14, SLC39A8, and SLC30A10, in the regulation of systemic and brain manganese handling. Genetic analysis identified multiple metabolic pathways that could be considered as Mn neurotoxicity targets, including oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, cell signaling pathways, and interference with neurotransmitter metabolism, to name a few. Recent findings have also demonstrated the impact of Mn exposure on transcriptional regulation of these pathways. There is a significant role of autophagy as a protective mechanism against cytotoxic Mn neurotoxicity, yet also a role for Mn to induce autophagic flux itself and autophagic dysfunction under conditions of decreased Mn bioavailability. This ambivalent role may be at the crossroad of mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. Yet very recent evidence suggests Mn can have toxic impacts below the no observed adverse effect of Mn-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. The impact of Mn exposure on supramolecular complexes SNARE and NLRP3 inflammasome greatly contributes to Mn-induced synaptic dysfunction and neuroinflammation, respectively. The aforementioned effects might be at least partially mediated by the impact of Mn on α-synuclein accumulation. In addition to Mn-induced synaptic dysfunction, impaired neurotransmission is shown to be mediated by the effects of Mn on neurotransmitter systems and their complex interplay. Although multiple novel mechanisms have been highlighted, additional studies are required to identify the critical targets of Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Tinkov
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia;
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Monica M. B. Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (M.M.B.P.); (A.C.M.)
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR 86038-350, Brazil
| | - Aksana N. Mazilina
- Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Medical Elementology, KG Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, 109004 Moscow, Russia
| | - Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (M.M.B.P.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Olga N. Voskresenskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, SSA, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Svetlana V. Notova
- Institute of Bioelementology, Orenburg State University, 460018 Orenburg, Russia;
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (M.M.B.P.); (A.C.M.)
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10
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Prajapati M, Pettiglio MA, Conboy HL, Mercadante CJ, Hojyo S, Fukada T, Bartnikas TB. Characterization of in vitro models of SLC30A10 deficiency. Biometals 2021; 34:573-588. [PMID: 33713241 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn), an essential metal, can be toxic at elevated levels. In 2012, the first inherited cause of Mn excess was reported in patients with mutations in SLC30A10, a Mn efflux transporter. To explore the function of SLC30A10 in vitro, the current study used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to develop a stable SLC30A10 mutant Hep3B hepatoma cell line and collagenase perfusion in live mice to isolate primary hepatocytes deficient in Slc30a10. We also compared phenotypes of primary vs. non-primary cell lines to determine if they both serve as reliable in vitro models for the known physiological roles of SLC30A10. Mutant SLC30A10 Hep3B cells had increased Mn levels and decreased viability when exposed to excess Mn. Transport studies indicated a reduction of 54Mn import and export in mutant cells. While impaired 54Mn export was hypothesized given the essential role for SLC30A10 in cellular Mn export, impaired 54Mn import was unexpected. Whole genome sequencing did not identify any additional mutations in known Mn transporters in the mutant Hep3B mutant cell line. We then evaluated 54Mn transport in primary hepatocytes cultures isolated from genetically altered mice with varying liver Mn levels. Based on results from these experiments, we suggest that the effects of SLC30A10 deficiency on Mn homeostasis can be interrogated in vitro but only in specific types of cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milankumar Prajapati
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Michael A Pettiglio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.,Vor Biopharma, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heather L Conboy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Courtney J Mercadante
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.,Sanofi-Bioverativ, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Shintaro Hojyo
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Thomas B Bartnikas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
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11
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Kapoor D, Garg D, Sharma S, Goyal V. Inherited Manganese Disorders and the Brain: What Neurologists Need to Know. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2021; 24:15-21. [PMID: 33911374 PMCID: PMC8061520 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_789_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although acquired manganese neurotoxicity has been widely reported since its first description in 1837 and is popularly referred to as "manganism," inherited disorders of manganese homeostasis have received the first genetic signature as recently as 2012. These disorders, predominantly described in children and adolescents, involve mutations in three manganese transporter genes, i.e., SLC30A10 and SLC39A14 which lead to manganese overload, and SLC39A8, which leads to manganese deficiency. Both disorders of inherited hypermanganesemia typically exhibit dystonia and parkinsonism with relatively preserved cognition and are differentiated by the occurrence of polycythemia and liver involvement in the SLC30A10-associated condition. Mutations in SLC39A8 lead to a congenital disorder of glycosylation which presents with developmental delay, failure to thrive, intellectual impairment, and seizures due to manganese deficiency. Chelation with iron supplementation is the treatment of choice in inherited hypermanganesemia. In this review, we highlight the pathognomonic clinical, laboratory, imaging features and treatment modalities for these rare disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Kapoor
- Department of Pediatrics (Neurology Division), Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Divyani Garg
- Department of Neurology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Smt. Sucheta Kriplani Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Suvasini Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics (Neurology Division), Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinay Goyal
- Institute of Neurosciences, Medanta Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
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12
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Dutta A, Majumdar R, Dubey S, Pandit A. Penicillamine for Hypermanganesemia With Dystonia, Polycythemia, and Cirrhosis in 2 Sisters. Neurology 2020; 96:123-125. [PMID: 33268559 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Dutta
- From the Department of Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India.
| | - Ritwika Majumdar
- From the Department of Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Souvik Dubey
- From the Department of Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Alak Pandit
- From the Department of Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
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13
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Santhakumar S, Lukas J, Unnikrishnan G, Thomas B, Kesavadas C. Treatable Hereditary Manganese Transport Disorder: Novel SLC30A10 Mutation and its Characteristic Neuroimaging Appearance in Two Siblings. J Pediatr Genet 2020; 10:305-310. [PMID: 34849276 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypermanganesemia with dystonia and polycythemia along with liver cirrhosis is a rare syndromic complex that is associated with a characteristic genetic mutation and a typical appearance in the T1-weighted noncontrast image. In this article, we reported the neuroimaging findings of two siblings affected by this syndrome. There are few reported cases in literature with similar findings. Diagnosing this problem will help in improving the outcomes as the condition is treatable. We reviewed the clinical and imaging findings of this condition and the differential diagnosis related to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilvelan Santhakumar
- Department of Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Jospaul Lukas
- Department of Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Gopikrishnan Unnikrishnan
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Bejoy Thomas
- Department of Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Chandrasekharan Kesavadas
- Department of Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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14
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Ahmad TR, Higuchi S, Bertaggia E, Hung A, Shanmugarajah N, Guilz NC, Gamarra JR, Haeusler RA. Bile acid composition regulates the manganese transporter Slc30a10 in intestine. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:12545-12558. [PMID: 32690612 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) comprise heterogenous amphipathic cholesterol-derived molecules that carry out physicochemical and signaling functions. A major site of BA action is the terminal ileum, where enterocytes actively reuptake BAs and express high levels of BA-sensitive nuclear receptors. BA pool size and composition are affected by changes in metabolic health, and vice versa. One of several factors that differentiate BAs is the presence of a hydroxyl group on C12 of the steroid ring. 12α-Hydroxylated BAs (12HBAs) are altered in multiple disease settings, but the consequences of 12HBA abundance are incompletely understood. We employed mouse primary ileum organoids to investigate the transcriptional effects of varying 12HBA abundance in BA pools. We identified Slc30a10 as one of the top genes differentially induced by BA pools with varying 12HBA abundance. SLC30A10 is a manganese efflux transporter critical for whole-body manganese excretion. We found that BA pools, especially those low in 12HBAs, induce cellular manganese efflux and that Slc30a10 induction by BA pools is driven primarily by lithocholic acid signaling via the vitamin D receptor. Administration of lithocholic acid or a vitamin D receptor agonist resulted in increased Slc30a10 expression in mouse ileum epithelia. These data demonstrate a previously unknown role for BAs in intestinal control of manganese homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiara R Ahmad
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sei Higuchi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Enrico Bertaggia
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Allison Hung
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Niroshan Shanmugarajah
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicole C Guilz
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer R Gamarra
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca A Haeusler
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA .,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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15
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Winslow JW, Limesand KH, Zhao N. The Functions of ZIP8, ZIP14, and ZnT10 in the Regulation of Systemic Manganese Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093304. [PMID: 32392784 PMCID: PMC7246657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As an essential nutrient, manganese is required for the regulation of numerous cellular processes, including cell growth, neuronal health, immune cell function, and antioxidant defense. However, excess manganese in the body is toxic and produces symptoms of neurological and behavioral defects, clinically known as manganism. Therefore, manganese balance needs to be tightly controlled. In the past eight years, mutations of genes encoding metal transporters ZIP8 (SLC39A8), ZIP14 (SLC39A14), and ZnT10 (SLC30A10) have been identified to cause dysregulated manganese homeostasis in humans, highlighting the critical roles of these genes in manganese metabolism. This review focuses on the most recent advances in the understanding of physiological functions of these three identified manganese transporters and summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying how the loss of functions in these genes leads to impaired manganese homeostasis and human diseases.
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16
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Das S, Carmona A, Khatua K, Porcaro F, Somogyi A, Ortega R, Datta A. Manganese Mapping Using a Fluorescent Mn 2+ Sensor and Nanosynchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Reveals the Role of the Golgi Apparatus as a Manganese Storage Site. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:13724-13732. [PMID: 31503472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating dynamics in transition-metal distribution and localization under physiological and pathophysiological conditions is central to our understanding of metal-ion regulation. In this Forum Article, we focus on manganese and specifically recent developments that point to the relevance of the Golgi apparatus in manganese detoxification when this essential metal ion is overaccumulated because of either environmental exposure or mutations in manganese efflux transporters. In order to further evaluate the role of the Golgi apparatus as a manganese-ion storage compartment under subcytotoxic manganese levels, we use a combination of confocal microscopy using a sensitive "turn-on" fluorescent manganese sensor, M1, and nanosynchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging to show that manganese ions are stored in the Golgi apparatus under micromolar manganese exposure concentrations. Our results, along with previous reports on manganese accumulation, now indicate a central role of the Golgi apparatus in manganese storage and trafficking under subcytotoxic manganese levels and hint toward a possible role of the Golgi apparatus in manganese storage even under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , 1 Homi Bhabha Road , Colaba, Mumbai 400005 , India
| | - Asuncion Carmona
- Chemical Imaging and Speciation , CENBG, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5797 , 33175 Gradignan , France.,CNRS, IN2P3, CENBG, UMR 5797 , 33175 Gradignan , France
| | - Kaustav Khatua
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , 1 Homi Bhabha Road , Colaba, Mumbai 400005 , India
| | - Francesco Porcaro
- Chemical Imaging and Speciation , CENBG, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5797 , 33175 Gradignan , France.,CNRS, IN2P3, CENBG, UMR 5797 , 33175 Gradignan , France
| | - Andrea Somogyi
- Nanoscopium Synchrotron SOLEIL Saint-Aubin , 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex , France
| | - Richard Ortega
- Chemical Imaging and Speciation , CENBG, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5797 , 33175 Gradignan , France.,CNRS, IN2P3, CENBG, UMR 5797 , 33175 Gradignan , France
| | - Ankona Datta
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , 1 Homi Bhabha Road , Colaba, Mumbai 400005 , India
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17
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Tavasoli A, Arjmandi Rafsanjani K, Hemmati S, Mojbafan M, Zarei E, Hosseini S. A case of dystonia with polycythemia and hypermanganesemia caused by SLC30A10 mutation: a treatable inborn error of manganese metabolism. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:229. [PMID: 31288771 PMCID: PMC6615235 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Manganese is a critical trace element that not only has antioxidant properties, but also is essential for various metabolic pathways and neurotransmitters production. However, it can be toxic at high levels, particularly in the central nervous system. Manganese intoxication can be acquired, but an inherited form due to autosomal-recessive mutations in the SLC30A10 gene encoding a Mn transporter protein has also been reported recently. These mutations are associated with significant failure of manganese excretion and its storage in the liver, brain (especially basal ganglia), and other peripheral tissues, resulting in toxicity. Case presentation A 10-year-old boy from consanguineous parents presented with a history of progressive truncal instability, gait difficulty, and frequent falls for 2 months. He had dystonia, rigidity, ataxia, dysarthria, bradykinesia and a plethoric skin. Investigations showed polycythemia, low serum iron and ferritin levels, and increased total iron binding capacity. A brain MRI revealed symmetric hyperintensities in the basal ganglia and dentate nucleuses on TI images that were suggestive of brain metal deposition together with clinical manifestations. Serum calcium and copper levels were normal, while the manganese level was significantly higher than normal values. There was no history of environmental overexposure to manganese. Genetic testing showed a homozygous missense mutation in SLC30A10 (c.C1006T, p.His336Tyr) and Sanger sequencing confirmed a homozygous state in the proband and a heterozygous state in the parents. Regular treatment with monthly infusions of disodium calcium edetate and oral iron compounds resulted in decreased serum manganese and hemoglobin levels to normal values, significant resolution of MRI lesions, and partial improvement of neurological symptoms during 6 months of follow-up. Conclusion The syndrome of hepatic cirrhosis, dystonia, polycythemia, and hypermanganesemia caused by SLC30A10 mutation is a treatable inherited metal deposition syndrome. The patient may only have pure neurological without hepatic manifestations. Although this is a rare and potentially fatal inborn error of metabolism, early diagnosis and continuous chelation therapy might improve the symptoms and prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Tavasoli
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ali Asghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadije Arjmandi Rafsanjani
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Ali Asghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Hemmati
- Department of Pediatrics, Ali Asghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marziyeh Mojbafan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Zarei
- Department of Radiology, Ali Asghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudabeh Hosseini
- Ali Asghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Abstract
Purpose of Review This article provides an overview of the pathogenesis, clinical presentation and treatment of inherited manganese transporter defects. Recent Findings Identification of a new group of manganese transportopathies has greatly advanced our understanding of how manganese homeostasis is regulated in vivo. While the manganese efflux transporter SLC30A10 and the uptake transporter SLC39A14 work synergistically to reduce the manganese load, SLC39A8 has an opposing function facilitating manganese uptake into the organism. Bi-allelic mutations in any of these transporter proteins disrupt the manganese equilibrium and lead to neurological disease: Hypermanganesaemia with dystonia 1 (SLC30A10 deficiency) and hypermanganesaemia with dystonia 2 (SLC39A14 deficiency) are characterised by manganese neurotoxicity while SLC39A8 mutations cause a congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIn due to Mn deficiency. Summary Inherited manganese transporter defects are an important differential diagnosis of paediatric movement disorders. Manganese blood levels and MRI brain are diagnostic and allow early diagnosis to avoid treatment delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anagianni
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - K Tuschl
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK. .,Department of Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK. .,UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London,, WC1N 1EH, UK.
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19
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Adhikari A, Das M, Mondal S, Darbar S, Das AK, Bhattacharya SS, Pal D, Pal SK. Manganese neurotoxicity: nano-oxide compensates for ion-damage in mammals. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:4491-4502. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01039d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Here, we have shown that citrate functionalized Mn3O4nanoparticles can ameliorate Mn-induced neurotoxicity (Parkinson's-like syndrome) through the chelation of excess Mn ions and subsequent reduction of oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Adhikari
- Department of Chemical
- Biological and Macromolecular Sciences
- SN Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences
- Kolkata-700106
- India
| | - Monojit Das
- Department of Zoology
- Uluberia College
- University of Calcutta
- Uluberia
- India
| | - Susmita Mondal
- Department of Chemical
- Biological and Macromolecular Sciences
- SN Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences
- Kolkata-700106
- India
| | - Soumendra Darbar
- Research & Development Division
- Dey's Medical Stores (Mfg.) Ltd
- Kolkata-700019
- India
| | - Anjan Kumar Das
- Department of Pathology
- Calcutta National Medical College and Hospital
- Kolkata-700014
- India
| | | | - Debasish Pal
- Department of Zoology
- Uluberia College
- University of Calcutta
- Uluberia
- India
| | - Samir Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical
- Biological and Macromolecular Sciences
- SN Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences
- Kolkata-700106
- India
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20
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Ebrahimi‐Fakhari D, Van Karnebeek C, Münchau A. Movement Disorders in Treatable Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Mov Disord 2018; 34:598-613. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Darius Ebrahimi‐Fakhari
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Clara Van Karnebeek
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical GeneticsAmsterdam University Medical Centres Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Münchau
- Department of Pediatric and Adult Movement Disorders and Neuropsychiatry, Institute of NeurogeneticsUniversity of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
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21
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Thompson KJ, Hein J, Baez A, Sosa JC, Wessling-Resnick M. Manganese transport and toxicity in polarized WIF-B hepatocytes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G351-G363. [PMID: 29792530 PMCID: PMC6335010 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00103.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) toxicity arises from nutritional problems, community and occupational exposures, and genetic risks. Mn blood levels are controlled by hepatobiliary clearance. The goals of this study were to determine the cellular distribution of Mn transporters in polarized hepatocytes, to establish an in vitro assay for hepatocyte Mn efflux, and to examine possible roles the Mn transporters would play in metal import and export. For these experiments, hepatocytoma WIF-B cells were grown for 12-14 days to achieve maximal polarity. Immunoblots showed that Mn transporters ZIP8, ZnT10, ferroportin (Fpn), and ZIP14 were present. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy localized Fpn and ZIP14 to WIF-B cell basolateral domains whereas ZnT10 and ZIP8 associated with intracellular vesicular compartments. ZIP8-positive structures were distributed uniformly throughout the cytoplasm, but ZnT10-positive vesicles were adjacent to apical bile compartments. WIF-B cells were sensitive to Mn toxicity, showing decreased viability after 16 h exposure to >250 μM MnCl2. However, the hepatocytes were resistant to 4-h exposures of up to 500 μM MnCl2 despite 50-fold increased Mn content. Washout experiments showed time-dependent efflux with 80% Mn released after a 4 h chase period. Hepcidin reduced levels of Fpn in WIF-B cells, clearing Fpn from the cell surface, but Mn efflux was unaffected. The secretory inhibitor, brefeldin A, did block release of Mn from WIF-B cells, suggesting vesicle fusion may be involved in export. These results point to a possible role of ZnT10 to import Mn into vesicles that subsequently fuse with the apical membrane and empty their contents into bile. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Polarized WIF-B hepatocytes express manganese (Mn) transporters ZIP8, ZnT10, ferroportin (Fpn), and ZIP14. Fpn and ZIP14 localize to basolateral domains. ZnT10-positive vesicles were adjacent to apical bile compartments, and ZIP8-positive vesicles were distributed uniformly throughout the cytoplasm. WIF-B hepatocyte Mn export was resistant to hepcidin but inhibited by brefeldin A, pointing to an efflux mechanism involving ZnT10-mediated uptake of Mn into vesicles that subsequently fuse with and empty their contents across the apical bile canalicular membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khristy J. Thompson
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Hein
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Baez
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jose Carlo Sosa
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marianne Wessling-Resnick
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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22
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Rodan LH, Hauptman M, D'Gama AM, Qualls AE, Cao S, Tuschl K, Al-Jasmi F, Hertecant J, Hayflick SJ, Wessling-Resnick M, Yang ET, Berry GT, Gropman A, Woolf AD, Agrawal PB. Novel founder intronic variant in SLC39A14 in two families causing Manganism and potential treatment strategies. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 124:161-167. [PMID: 29685658 PMCID: PMC5976541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of manganese metabolism are rare occurrences in children, and medical management of these disorders is complex and challenging. Homozygous exonic mutations in the manganese transporter SLC39A14 have recently been associated with a pediatric-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by brain manganese accumulation and clinical signs of manganese neurotoxicity, including parkinsonism-dystonia. We performed whole exome sequencing on DNA samples from two unrelated female children from the United Arab Emirates with progressive movement disorder and brain mineralization, identified a novel homozygous intronic mutation in SLC39A14 in both children, and demonstrated that the mutation leads to aberrant splicing. Both children had consistently elevated serum manganese levels and were diagnosed with SLC39A14-associated manganism. Over a four-year period, we utilized a multidisciplinary management approach for Patient 1 combining decreased manganese dietary intake and chelation with symptomatic management of dystonia. Our treatment strategy appeared to slow disease progression, but did not lead to a cure or reversal of already established deficits. Clinicians should consider testing for noncoding mutations in the diagnosis of congenital disorders of manganese metabolism and utilizing multidisciplinary approaches in the management of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance H Rodan
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Marissa Hauptman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Pediatric Environmental Health Center, Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Region 1 New, England, Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit (PEHSU), Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alissa M D'Gama
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anita E Qualls
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Siqi Cao
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Karin Tuschl
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Fatma Al-Jasmi
- Department of Pediatrics, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jozef Hertecant
- Department of Pediatrics, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Susan J Hayflick
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Marianne Wessling-Resnick
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Edward T Yang
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gerard T Berry
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrea Gropman
- Division of Neurodevelopmental Disabilities and Neurogenetics, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alan D Woolf
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Pediatric Environmental Health Center, Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Region 1 New, England, Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit (PEHSU), Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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23
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Zaki MS, Issa MY, Elbendary HM, El-Karaksy H, Hosny H, Ghobrial C, El Safty A, El-Hennawy A, Oraby A, Selim L, Abdel-Hamid MS. Hypermanganesemia with dystonia, polycythemia and cirrhosis in 10 patients: Six novel SLC30A10 mutations and further phenotype delineation. Clin Genet 2018; 93:905-912. [PMID: 29193034 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Biallelic mutations in the SLC30A10 gene cause an inborn error of Mn metabolism characterized by hypermanganesemia, polycythemia, early-onset dystonia, and liver cirrhosis (HMDPC). To date, only 14 families from various ethnic groups have been reported. Here, we describe 10 patients from 7 unrelated Egyptian families with HMDPC. Markedly elevated blood Mn levels, the characteristic basal ganglia hyperintensity on T1-weighted images, and variable degrees of extrapyramidal manifestations with or without liver disease were cardinal features in all patients. Eight patients presented with striking early diseased onset (≤2 years). Unexpectedly, early hepatic involvement before the neurological regression was noted in 3 patients. Mutational analysis of SLC30A10 gene revealed 6 novel homozygous mutations (c.77T > C (p.Leu26Pro), c.90C > G (p.Tyr30*), c.119A > C (p.Asp40Ala), c.122_124delCCT (p.Ser41del), c.780_782delCAT (p.Iso260del) and c.957 + 1G > C). Treatment using 2,3 dimercaptosuccinic acid as a manganese chelating agent showed satisfactory results with improvement of biochemical markers, hepatic manifestations and relative amelioration of the neurological symptoms. Our findings present a large cohort of patients with HMDPC from same ethnic group. The majority of our patients showed severe and early presentation with clear phenotypic variability among sibship. Moreover, we extend the phenotypic and mutational spectrum and emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of this potentially fatal disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Zaki
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Y Issa
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H M Elbendary
- Medical Research Division, Child Health Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H El-Karaksy
- Pediatric Hepatology Department, Kasr Alainy Medical School, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H Hosny
- Pediatric Neurology Department, National Institute of Neuromotor System, Cairo, Egypt
| | - C Ghobrial
- Pediatric Hepatology Department, Kasr Alainy Medical School, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A El Safty
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kasr Alainy Medical School, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - A El-Hennawy
- Pathology Department, Kasr Alainy Medical School, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A Oraby
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Kasr Alainy Medical School, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - L Selim
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Kasr Alainy Medical School, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M S Abdel-Hamid
- Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Medical Molecular Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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24
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Marti-Sanchez L, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, Darling A, Villaronga M, Baide H, Molero-Luis M, Batllori M, Vanegas MI, Muchart J, Aquino L, Artuch R, Macaya A, Kurian MA, Dueñas P. Hypermanganesemia due to mutations in SLC39A14: further insights into Mn deposition in the central nervous system. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:28. [PMID: 29382362 PMCID: PMC5791243 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0758-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The SLC39A14, SLC30A10 and SLC39A8 are considered to be key genes involved in manganese (Mn) homeostasis in humans. Mn levels in plasma and urine are useful tools for early recognition of these disorders. We aimed to explore further biomarkers of Mn deposition in the central nervous system in two siblings presenting with acute dystonia and hypermanganesemia due to mutations in SLC39A14. These biomarkers may help clinicians to establish faster and accurate diagnosis and to monitor disease progression after chelation therapy is administered. Results A customized gene panel for movement disorders revealed a novel missense variant (c.311G > T; p.Ser104Ile) in SLC39A14 gene in two siblings presenting at the age of 10 months with acute dystonia and motor regression. Mn concentrations were analyzed using inductively coupled mass spectrometry in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, disclosing elevated Mn levels in the index case compared to control patients. Surprisingly, Mn values were 3-fold higher in CSF than in plasma. We quantified the pallidal index, defined as the ratio between the signal intensity in the globus pallidus and the subcortical frontal white matter in axial T1-weighted MRI, and found significantly higher values in the SLC39A14 patient than in controls. These values increased over a period of 10 years, suggesting the relentless pallidal accumulation of Mn. Following genetic confirmation, a trial with the Mn chelator Na2CaEDTA led to a reduction in plasma Mn, zinc and selenium levels. However, parents reported worsening of cervical dystonia, irritability and sleep difficulties and chelation therapy was discontinued. Conclusions Our study expands the very few descriptions of patients with SLC39A14 mutations. We report for the first time the elevation of Mn in CSF of SLC39A14 mutated patients, supporting the hypothesis that brain is an important organ of Mn deposition in SLC39A14-related disease. The pallidal index is an indirect and non-invasive method that can be used to rate disease progression on follow-up MRIs. Finally, we propose that patients with inherited defects of manganese transport should be initially treated with low doses of Na2CaEDTA followed by gradual dose escalation, together with a close monitoring of blood trace elements in order to avoid side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Marti-Sanchez
- Department of Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J D Ortigoza-Escobar
- Department of Child Neurology, Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Darling
- Department of Child Neurology, Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Villaronga
- Department of Pharmacy, Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Baide
- Department of Child Neurology, Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Molero-Luis
- Department of Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Batllori
- Department of Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M I Vanegas
- Department of Child Neurology, Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Muchart
- Department of Radiology, Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Aquino
- Deparment of Pediatrics, Hospital de Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Artuch
- Department of Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Macaya
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M A Kurian
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Pérez Dueñas
- Department of Child Neurology, Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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25
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Ye Q, Park JE, Gugnani K, Betharia S, Pino-Figueroa A, Kim J. Influence of iron metabolism on manganese transport and toxicity. Metallomics 2017; 9:1028-1046. [PMID: 28620665 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although manganese (Mn) is critical for the proper functioning of various metabolic enzymes and cofactors, excess Mn in the brain causes neurotoxicity. While the exact transport mechanism of Mn has not been fully understood, several importers and exporters for Mn have been identified over the past decade. In addition to Mn-specific transporters, it has been demonstrated that iron transporters can mediate Mn transport in the brain and peripheral tissues. However, while the expression of iron transporters is regulated by body iron stores, whether or not disorders of iron metabolism modify Mn homeostasis has not been systematically discussed. The present review will provide an update on the role of altered iron status in the transport and toxicity of Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue 148TF, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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26
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Zebrafish slc30a10 deficiency revealed a novel compensatory mechanism of Atp2c1 in maintaining manganese homeostasis. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006892. [PMID: 28692648 PMCID: PMC5524415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies found that mutations in the human SLC30A10 gene, which encodes a manganese (Mn) efflux transporter, are associated with hypermanganesemia with dystonia, polycythemia, and cirrhosis (HMDPC). However, the relationship between Mn metabolism and HMDPC is poorly understood, and no specific treatments are available for this disorder. Here, we generated two zebrafish slc30a10 mutant lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Compared to wild-type animals, mutant adult animals developed significantly higher systemic Mn levels, and Mn accumulated in the brain and liver of mutant embryos in response to exogenous Mn. Interestingly, slc30a10 mutants developed neurological deficits in adulthood, as well as environmental Mn-induced manganism in the embryonic stage; moreover, mutant animals had impaired dopaminergic and GABAergic signaling. Finally, mutant animals developed steatosis, liver fibrosis, and polycythemia accompanied by increased epo expression. This phenotype was rescued partially by EDTA- CaNa2 chelation therapy and iron supplementation. Interestingly, prior to the onset of slc30a10 expression, expressing ATP2C1 (ATPase secretory pathway Ca2+ transporting 1) protected mutant embryos from Mn exposure, suggesting a compensatory role for Atp2c1 in the absence of Slc30a10. Notably, expressing either wild-type or mutant forms of SLC30A10 was sufficient to inhibit the effect of ATP2C1 in response to Mn challenge in both zebrafish embryos and HeLa cells. These findings suggest that either activating ATP2C1 or restoring the Mn-induced trafficking of ATP2C1 can reduce Mn accumulation, providing a possible target for treating HMDPC. Impaired function of the manganese transporter SLC30A10 has been implicated in HMDPC (hypermanganesemia with dystonia, polycythemia, and cirrhosis), an early-onset metabolic disorder clinically characterized by increased systemic Mn levels, neurological impairment, polycythemia, and hepatic injury. No specific treatment is currently available for HMDPC. Moreover, the mechanisms that underlie Mn metabolism are poorly understood, thereby hindering the development of effective treatments. To investigate the physiological processes underlying Mn metabolism and to develop new disease models of HMDPC, we generated two zebrafish slc30a10 mutant lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and found that these mutants develop clinical deficits typically associated with HMDPC. Furthermore, we identified a putative compensatory role for ATP2C1 in the absence of SLC30A10 with respect to modulating Mn metabolism. These findings provide a valuable tool for investigating the role of manganese dysregulation in neurological degenerative diseases and which can be used to develop new pharmacological approaches for managing Mn accumulation.
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