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Öcal Ö, Coşar A, Nazıroğlu M. Amantadine Attenuated Hypoxia-Induced Mitochondrial Oxidative Neurotoxicity, Apoptosis, and Inflammation via the Inhibition of TRPM2 and TRPV4 Channels. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3703-3720. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Huang P, Wu SP, Wang N, Seto S, Chang D. Hydroxysafflor yellow A alleviates cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury by suppressing apoptosis via mitochondrial permeability transition pore. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:153532. [PMID: 33735723 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are key cellular organelles that are essential for cell fate decisions. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) has displayed an impressively essential role in protection of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, the mitochondrial effect of HSYA on Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (BMECs) under I/R remains to be largely unclear. PURPOSE To evaluate the protective effects of HSYA-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) on cerebral I/R injury and its mechanism. METHODS Cerebral I/R injury was established by the model of Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Furthermore, to further clarify the relevant mechanism of HSYA's effects on mPTP, inhibition of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) with U0126 and transfect with Cyclophilin D (CypD) SiRNA to reversely verified whether the protective effects of HSYA were exerted by regulating the Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/ERK/CypD pathway. RESULTS HSYA treatment significantly increased BMECs viability, decreased the generation of ROS, opening of mPTP and translocation of cytochrome c after OGD/R. In addition to inhibited CypD, HSYA potentiated MEK and increased phosphorylation of ERK expression in BMECs, inhibited apoptosis mediated by mitochondrial. Notably, HSYA also significantly ameliorated neurological deficits and decreased the infarct volume in rats. CONCLUSION HSYA reduced the CytC export from mitochondrial by inhibited the open of mPTP via MEK/ERK/CypD pathway, contributing to the protection of I/R. Thus, our study not only revealed novel mechanisms of HSYA for its anti-I/R function, but also provided a template for the design of novel mPTP inhibitor for the treatment of various mPTP-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Si-Peng Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Saiwang Seto
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dennis Chang
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University; Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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Boese AC, Eckert A, Hamblin MH, Lee JP. Human neural stem cells improve early stage stroke outcome in delayed tissue plasminogen activator-treated aged stroke brains. Exp Neurol 2020; 329:113275. [PMID: 32147438 PMCID: PMC7609039 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinically, significant stroke injury results from ischemia-reperfusion (IR), which induces a deleterious biphasic opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the sole pharmacological agent to treat ischemic stroke. However, major limitations of tPA treatment include a narrow effective therapeutic window of 4.5 h in most patients after initial stroke onset and off-target non-thrombolytic effects (e.g., the risk of increased IR injury). We hypothesized that ameliorating BBB damage with exogenous human neural stem cells (hNSCs) would improve stroke outcome to a greater extent than treatment with delayed tPA alone in aged stroke mice. METHODS We employed middle cerebral artery occlusion to produce focal ischemia with subsequent reperfusion (MCAO/R) in aged mice and administered tPA at a delayed time point (6 h post-stroke) via tail vein. We transplanted hNSCs intracranially in the subacute phase of stroke (24 h post-stroke). We assessed the outcomes of hNSC transplantation on pathophysiological markers of stroke 48 h post-stroke (24 h post-transplant). RESULTS Delayed tPA treatment resulted in more extensive BBB damage and inflammation relative to MCAO controls. Notably, transplantation of hNSCs ameliorated delayed tPA-induced escalated stroke damage; decreased expression of proinflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6), decreased the level of matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9), increased the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and reduced BBB damage. CONCLUSIONS Aged stroke mice that received delayed tPA treatment in combination with hNSC transplantation exhibited reduced stroke pathophysiology in comparison to non-transplanted stroke mice with delayed tPA. This suggests that hNSC transplantation may synergize with already existing stroke therapies to benefit a larger stroke patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin C Boese
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Auston Eckert
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Milton H Hamblin
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jean-Pyo Lee
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Barzyc A, Łysik W, Słyk J, Kuszewski M, Zarębiński M, Wojciechowska M, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A. Reperfusion injury as a target for diminishing infarct size. Med Hypotheses 2020; 137:109558. [PMID: 31958650 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Therapies for preventing reperfusion injury (RI) have been widely studied. However, the attempts to transfer cardioprotective therapies for reducing RI from experiments into clinical practice have been so far unsuccessful. Pathophysiological mechanisms of RI are complicated and compose of many pathways e.g. hypercontracture-mediated sarcolemma rupture, mitochondrial permeability transition pore persistent opening, reactive oxygen species formation, inflammation and no-reflow phenomenon. Based on research, it cannot be determined which mechanism dominates, probably they cooperate with a domination of one or another in different clinical circumstances. Our hypothesis is, that only intervention that at the same time interferes with different (all?) pathways of RI may turn out to be effective in decreasing the final area of infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barzyc
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Łysik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Słyk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Kuszewski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Zarębiński
- Independent Public Specialist Western Hospital John Paul II in Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland
| | - M Wojciechowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Independent Public Specialist Western Hospital John Paul II in Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland.
| | - A Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Cyclosporin A ameliorates cerebral oxidative metabolism and infarct size in the endothelin-1 rat model of transient cerebral ischaemia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3702. [PMID: 30842488 PMCID: PMC6403404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral microdialysis can be used to detect mitochondrial dysfunction, a potential target of neuroprotective treatment. Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a mitochondrial stabiliser that in a recent clinical stroke trial showed protective potential in patients with successful recanalisation. To investigate specific metabolic effects of CsA during reperfusion, and hypothesising that microdialysis values can be used as a proxy outcome measure, we assessed the temporal patterns of cerebral energy substrates related to oxidative metabolism in a model of transient focal ischaemia. Transient ischaemia was induced by intracerebral microinjection of endothelin-1 (150 pmol/15 µL) through stereotaxically implanted guide cannulas in awake, freely moving rats. This was immediately followed by an intravenous injection of CsA (NeuroSTAT; 15 mg/kg) or placebo solution during continuous microdialysis monitoring. After reperfusion, the lactate/pyruvate ratio (LPR) was significantly lower in the CsA group vs placebo (n = 17, 60.6 ± 24.3%, p = 0.013). Total and striatal infarct volumes (mm3) were reduced in the treatment group (n = 31, 61.8 ± 6.0 vs 80.6 ± 6.7, p = 0.047 and 29.9 ± 3.5 vs 41.5 ± 3.9, p = 0.033). CsA treatment thus ameliorated cerebral reperfusion metabolism and infarct size. Cerebral microdialysis may be useful in evaluating putative neuroprotectants in ischaemic stroke.
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Piotrowski M, Jantas D, Leśkiewicz M, Szczepanowicz K, Warszyński P, Lasoń W. Polyelectrolyte-coated nanocapsules containing cyclosporine A protect neuronal-like cells against oxidative stress-induced cell damage. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fricker M, Tolkovsky AM, Borutaite V, Coleman M, Brown GC. Neuronal Cell Death. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:813-880. [PMID: 29488822 PMCID: PMC5966715 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00011.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 624] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell death occurs extensively during development and pathology, where it is especially important because of the limited capacity of adult neurons to proliferate or be replaced. The concept of cell death used to be simple as there were just two or three types, so we just had to work out which type was involved in our particular pathology and then block it. However, we now know that there are at least a dozen ways for neurons to die, that blocking a particular mechanism of cell death may not prevent the cell from dying, and that non-neuronal cells also contribute to neuronal death. We review here the mechanisms of neuronal death by intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, oncosis, necroptosis, parthanatos, ferroptosis, sarmoptosis, autophagic cell death, autosis, autolysis, paraptosis, pyroptosis, phagoptosis, and mitochondrial permeability transition. We next explore the mechanisms of neuronal death during development, and those induced by axotomy, aberrant cell-cycle reentry, glutamate (excitoxicity and oxytosis), loss of connected neurons, aggregated proteins and the unfolded protein response, oxidants, inflammation, and microglia. We then reassess which forms of cell death occur in stroke and Alzheimer's disease, two of the most important pathologies involving neuronal cell death. We also discuss why it has been so difficult to pinpoint the type of neuronal death involved, if and why the mechanism of neuronal death matters, the molecular overlap and interplay between death subroutines, and the therapeutic implications of these multiple overlapping forms of neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fricker
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Aviva M Tolkovsky
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Coleman
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Guy C Brown
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
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Wang X, Lin M, Xu D, Lai D, Zhou L. Structural Diversity and Biological Activities of Fungal Cyclic Peptides, Excluding Cyclodipeptides. Molecules 2017; 22:E2069. [PMID: 29186926 PMCID: PMC6150023 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic peptides are cyclic compounds formed mainly by the amide bonds between either proteinogenic or non-proteinogenic amino acids. This review highlights the occurrence, structures and biological activities of fungal cyclic peptides (excluding cyclodipeptides, and peptides containing ester bonds in the core ring) reported until August 2017. About 293 cyclic peptides belonging to the groups of cyclic tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-, undeca-, dodeca-, tetradeca-, and octadecapeptides as well as cyclic peptides containing ether bonds in the core ring have been isolated from fungi. They were mainly isolated from the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Acremonium and Amanita. Some of them were screened to have antimicrobial, antiviral, cytotoxic, phytotoxic, insecticidal, nematicidal, immunosuppressive and enzyme-inhibitory activities to show their potential applications. Some fungal cyclic peptides such as the echinocandins, pneumocandins and cyclosporin A have been developed as pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Minyi Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Daowan Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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9
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Sun J, Ren DD, Wan JY, Chen C, Chen D, Yang H, Feng CL, Gao J. Desensitizing Mitochondrial Permeability Transition by ERK-Cyclophilin D Axis Contributes to the Neuroprotective Effect of Gallic Acid against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:184. [PMID: 28428752 PMCID: PMC5382198 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease with complex pathophysiology. Much evidence confirms that opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) is related with mitochondrial dysfunction to apoptosis in ischemic stroke, thus elucidating its signaling mechanism and screening novel MPTP inhibitor is therefore of paramount importance. Our earlier studies identified that gallic acid (GA), a naturally occurring plant phenol, endows with effect on inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction, which has significant neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, its molecular mechanisms regulating mitochondrial dysfunction remain elusive. Here, we uncover a role of GA in protecting mitochondria via MPTP inhibition. In addition to inhibit CypD binding to adenine nucleotide translocator, GA potentiates extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) phosphorylation, leading to a decrease in cyclophilin D (CypD) expression, resulting in a desensitization to induction of MPTP, thus inhibiting caspase activation and ultimately giving rise to cellular survival. Our study firstly identifies ERK-CypD axis is one of the cornerstones of the cell death pathways following ischemic stroke, and confirms GA is a novel inhibitor of MPTP, which inhibits apoptosis depending on regulating the ERK-CypD axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Neurobiology and Mitochondrial Key Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, China
| | - Da-Dui Ren
- Neurobiology and Mitochondrial Key Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, China
| | - Jin-Yi Wan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Neurobiology and Mitochondrial Key Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Neurobiology and Mitochondrial Key Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, China
| | - Chun-Lai Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Neurobiology and Mitochondrial Key Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, China
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10
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Abstract
Ischemic disorders, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, are the most common causes of debilitating disease and death in westernized cultures. The extent of tissue injury relates directly to the extent of blood flow reduction and to the length of the ischemic period, which influence the levels to which cellular ATP and intracellular pH are reduced. By impairing ATPase-dependent ion transport, ischemia causes intracellular and mitochondrial calcium levels to increase (calcium overload). Cell volume regulatory mechanisms are also disrupted by the lack of ATP, which can induce lysis of organelle and plasma membranes. Reperfusion, although required to salvage oxygen-starved tissues, produces paradoxical tissue responses that fuel the production of reactive oxygen species (oxygen paradox), sequestration of proinflammatory immunocytes in ischemic tissues, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and development of postischemic capillary no-reflow, which amplify tissue injury. These pathologic events culminate in opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores as a common end-effector of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced cell lysis and death. Emerging concepts include the influence of the intestinal microbiome, fetal programming, epigenetic changes, and microparticles in the pathogenesis of I/R. The overall goal of this review is to describe these and other mechanisms that contribute to I/R injury. Because so many different deleterious events participate in I/R, it is clear that therapeutic approaches will be effective only when multiple pathologic processes are targeted. In addition, the translational significance of I/R research will be enhanced by much wider use of animal models that incorporate the complicating effects of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:113-170, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Kalogeris
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher P. Baines
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Maike Krenz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ronald J. Korthuis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Bioconversion of FR901459, a novel derivative of cyclosporin A, by Lentzea sp. 7887. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2015; 68:511-20. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2015.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Sun J, Li YZ, Ding YH, Wang J, Geng J, Yang H, Ren J, Tang JY, Gao J. Neuroprotective effects of gallic acid against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions in vitro and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo. Brain Res 2014; 1589:126-39. [PMID: 25251593 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are frequently implicated in the pathology of secondary neuronal damage following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Recent evidence suggests that gallic acid (GA) reverses oxidative stress in rat model of streptozotocin-induced dementia, but the roles and mechanisms of GA on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury remain unknown. Here we investigated the potential roles and mechanisms of GA in hypoxia/reoxygenation induced by sodium hydrosulfite (Na2S2O4) in vitro and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in vivo. 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, 5, 5', 6, 6'-tetrachloro-1, 1', 3, 3'-tetraethylbenzimidazol carbocyanine iodide (JC-1), Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA) and MitoSOX fluorescent assay, Clark-type oxygen electrode, firefly luciferase assay, and calcium-induced mitochondrial swelling were conducted to detect cell death, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxygen consumption, ATP level, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) viability. We firstly find that modulation of the mitochondrial dysfunction is an important mechanism by GA attenuating hypoxia/reoxygenation insult. To further assess the effects of GA on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, 2, 3, 5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and Cytochrome C (Cyt C) release were performed in MCAO rats. The results support that GA is useful against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury as a potential protective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P R China
| | - Yun-Zi Li
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P R China
| | - Yin-Hui Ding
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P R China
| | - Jin Wang
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P R China
| | - Ji Geng
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P R China
| | - Huan Yang
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P R China
| | - Jie Ren
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P R China
| | - Jin-Yan Tang
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P R China
| | - Jing Gao
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P R China.
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Zeng X, Wang T, Jiang L, Ma G, Tan S, Li J, Gao J, Liu K, Zhang Y. Diazoxide and cyclosporin A protect primary cholinergic neurons against beta-amyloid (1-42)-induced cytotoxicity. Neurol Res 2013; 35:529-36. [PMID: 23595141 DOI: 10.1179/1743132813y.0000000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Zeng
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Tony Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery Wayne State School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Liangliang Jiang
- Department of NeurologyProvincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guozhao Ma
- Department of NeurologyProvincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuhui Tan
- Department of NeurologyProvincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jialong Li
- Department of NeurologyProvincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianxin Gao
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kejing Liu
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of NeurologyProvincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Cho TH, Aguettaz P, Campuzano O, Charriaut-Marlangue C, Riou A, Berthezène Y, Nighoghossian N, Ovize M, Wiart M, Chauveau F. Pre- and post-treatment with cyclosporine A in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischaemia with multimodal MRI screening. Int J Stroke 2012; 8:669-74. [PMID: 22882746 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00849.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irreversible damage may occur at reperfusion after sustained cerebral ischaemia. AIMS We investigated the value of cyclosporine A for reducing the infarct size in a model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. METHODS Twenty-seven Sprague-Dawley rats sustained a middle cerebral artery occlusion of one-hour. Acute multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used during occlusion to confirm the success of surgery and measure baseline lesion size. Animals were randomly treated by: (i) intracarotid cyclosporine A (10 mg/kg) 20 mins before middle cerebral artery occlusion (pretreatment group); (ii) intracarotid cyclosporine A (10 mg/kg) immediately after reperfusion (post-treatment group); and (iii) intracarotid saline immediately after reperfusion. RESULTS Histopathological measurements on day 1 showed a significant reduction of infarct size in the pretreatment group compared to the post-treatment (percentage values of ipsilateral hemispheres: 16 ± 5% vs. 29 ± 11%, P = 0·004) and saline groups (16 ± 5% vs. 42 ± 12%, P = 0·015). No significant difference was observed between the post-treatment and saline groups (P = 0·065). Behavioural examinations on day 1 showed no significant difference between groups. Immunohistochemistry showed a statistically significant reduction of microglial cell count in the pretreatment group compared to either saline or cyclosporine A post-treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that intracarotid cyclosporine A is effective in reducing infarct size when given prior to ischaemia, but not when administered at reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hee Cho
- Université de Lyon, CREATIS; CNRS UMR5220, INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon; Université Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
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15
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Enami Y, Joseph B, Bandi S, Lin J, Gupta S. Molecular perturbations restrict potential for liver repopulation of hepatocytes isolated from non-heart-beating donor rats. Hepatology 2012; 55:1182-92. [PMID: 21993967 PMCID: PMC3272103 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Organs from non-heart-beating donors are attractive for use in cell therapy. Understanding the nature of molecular perturbations following reperfusion/reoxygenation will be highly significant for non-heart-beating donor cells. We studied non-heart-beating donor rats for global gene expression with Affymetrix microarrays, hepatic tissue integrity, viability of isolated hepatocytes, and engraftment and proliferation of transplanted cells in dipeptidyl peptidase IV-deficient rats. In non-heart-beating donors, liver tissue was morphologically intact for >24 hours with differential expression of 1, 95, or 372 genes, 4, 16, or 34 hours after death, respectively, compared with heart-beating donors. These differentially expressed genes constituted prominent groupings in ontological pathways of oxidative phosphorylation, adherence junctions, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and other discrete pathways. We successfully isolated viable hepatocytes from non-heart-beating donors, especially up to 4 hours after death, although the hepatocyte yield and viability were inferior to those of hepatocytes from heart-beating donors (P < 0.05). Similarly, although hepatocytes from non-heart-beating donors engrafted and proliferated after transplantation in recipient animals, this was inferior to hepatocytes from heart-beating donors (P < 0.05). Gene expression profiling in hepatocytes isolated from non-heart-beating donors showed far greater perturbations compared with corresponding liver tissue, including representation of pathways in focal adhesion, actin cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix-receptor interactions, multiple ligand-receptor interactions, and signaling in insulin, calcium, wnt, Jak-Stat, or other cascades. CONCLUSION Liver tissue remained intact over prolonged periods after death in non-heart-beating donors, but extensive molecular perturbations following reperfusion/reoxygenation impaired the viability of isolated hepatocytes from these donors. Insights into molecular changes in hepatocytes from non-heart-beating donors offer opportunities for improving donor cell viability, which will advance the utility of non-heart-beating donor organs for cell therapy or other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Enami
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York,Department of Surgery, Division of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, School of Medicine, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Brigid Joseph
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Sriram Bandi
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Juan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York,Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York,Cancer Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York,Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York,Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York,Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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16
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Kalogeris T, Baines CP, Krenz M, Korthuis RJ. Cell biology of ischemia/reperfusion injury. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 298:229-317. [PMID: 22878108 PMCID: PMC3904795 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394309-5.00006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1346] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disorders characterized by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, continue to be among the most frequent causes of debilitating disease and death. Tissue injury and/or death occur as a result of the initial ischemic insult, which is determined primarily by the magnitude and duration of the interruption in the blood supply, and then subsequent damage induced by reperfusion. During prolonged ischemia, ATP levels and intracellular pH decrease as a result of anaerobic metabolism and lactate accumulation. As a consequence, ATPase-dependent ion transport mechanisms become dysfunctional, contributing to increased intracellular and mitochondrial calcium levels (calcium overload), cell swelling and rupture, and cell death by necrotic, necroptotic, apoptotic, and autophagic mechanisms. Although oxygen levels are restored upon reperfusion, a surge in the generation of reactive oxygen species occurs and proinflammatory neutrophils infiltrate ischemic tissues to exacerbate ischemic injury. The pathologic events induced by I/R orchestrate the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, which appears to represent a common end-effector of the pathologic events initiated by I/R. The aim of this treatise is to provide a comprehensive review of the mechanisms underlying the development of I/R injury, from which it should be apparent that a combination of molecular and cellular approaches targeting multiple pathologic processes to limit the extent of I/R injury must be adopted to enhance resistance to cell death and increase regenerative capacity in order to effect long-lasting repair of ischemic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Kalogeris
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, USA
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17
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Osman MM, Lulic D, Glover L, Stahl CE, Lau T, van Loveren H, Borlongan CV. Cyclosporine-A as a neuroprotective agent against stroke: its translation from laboratory research to clinical application. Neuropeptides 2011; 45:359-68. [PMID: 21592568 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Stoke remains a leading cause of death and disability with limited treatment options. Extensive research has been aimed at studying cell death events that accompany stroke and how to use these same cell death pathways as potential therapeutic targets for treating the disease. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) has been implicated as a major factor associated with stroke-induced neuronal cell death. MPTP activation and increased permeability has been shown to contribute to the events that lead to cell death. Cyclosporine A (CsA), a widely used immunosuppressant in transplantation and rheumatic medicine, has been recently shown to possess neuroprotective properties through its ability to block the MPTP, which in turn inhibits neuronal damage. This newfound CsA-mediated neuroprotection pathway prompted research on its use to prevent cell death in stroke and other neurological conditions. Preclinical studies are being conducted in hopes of establishing the safety and efficacy guidelines for CsA use in human trials as a potential neuroprotective agent against stroke. In this review, we provide an overview of the current laboratory and clinical status of CsA neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Osman
- Center of Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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18
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Mouri A, Noda Y, Shimizu S, Tsujimoto Y, Nabeshima T. The role of cyclophilin D in learning and memory. Hippocampus 2010; 20:293-304. [PMID: 19437409 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophilin D (Cyp D) is implicated in cell death pathway and blockade of Cyp D could be a potent therapeutic strategy for degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, ischemia, and multiple sclerosis, but physiological role of Cyp D remains elusive. Here, we investigated the ability of learning and memory in several behavioral tasks in mice that lacked Cyp D (Cyp D(-/-)) and the relationship between ability of learning and memory and hippocampal architecture or neuronal transmission in Cyp D(-/-) mice. Cyp D(-/-) mice showed impairments of short-term memory in the Y-maze, object recognition memory in the novel-object recognition test, reference memory in the water maze test, and associative learning in the conditioned fear learning test. Hippocampal infusion of Cyclosporine A, which binds to Cyp D, replicated the defect in hippocampus-dependent cognition observed in Cyp D(-/-) mice. The Cyp D(-/-) mice did not show histopathological abnormalities upon Nissl staining and GFAP immunostaining or irregular expression of neuronal and glial marker proteins on Western blotting. However, release of glutamate and acetylcholine was decreased from the hippocampus in response to high-potassium treatment in the Cyp D(-/-) mice than in the wild-type mice. These results suggest a physiological role for Cyp D in learning and memory via the regulation of neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Mouri
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Meijo University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
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19
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Chen JQ, Cammarata PR, Baines CP, Yager JD. Regulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain biogenesis by estrogens/estrogen receptors and physiological, pathological and pharmacological implications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2009; 1793:1540-70. [PMID: 19559056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There has been increasing evidence pointing to the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) as a novel and important target for the actions of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) and estrogen receptors (ER) in a number of cell types and tissues that have high demands for mitochondrial energy metabolism. This novel E(2)-mediated mitochondrial pathway involves the cooperation of both nuclear and mitochondrial ERalpha and ERbeta and their co-activators on the coordinate regulation of both nuclear DNA- and mitochondrial DNA-encoded genes for MRC proteins. In this paper, we have: 1) comprehensively reviewed studies that reveal a novel role of estrogens and ERs in the regulation of MRC biogenesis; 2) discussed their physiological, pathological and pharmacological implications in the control of cell proliferation and apoptosis in relation to estrogen-mediated carcinogenesis, anti-cancer drug resistance in human breast cancer cells, neuroprotection for Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease in brain, cardiovascular protection in human heart and their beneficial effects in lens physiology related to cataract in the eye; and 3) pointed out new research directions to address the key questions in this important and newly emerging area. We also suggest a novel conceptual approach that will contribute to innovative regimens for the prevention or treatment of a wide variety of medical complications based on E(2)/ER-mediated MRC biogenesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Qiang Chen
- Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
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20
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Nicholls DG. Mitochondrial calcium function and dysfunction in the central nervous system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2009; 1787:1416-24. [PMID: 19298790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2008] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability of isolated brain mitochondria to accumulate, store and release calcium has been extensively characterized. Extrapolation to the intact neuron led to predictions that the in situ mitochondria would reversibly accumulate Ca(2+) when the concentration of the cation in the vicinity of the mitochondria rose above the 'set-point' at which uptake and efflux were in balance, storing Ca(2+) as a complex with phosphate, and slowly releasing the cation when plasma membrane ion pumps lowered the cytoplasmic free Ca(2+). Excessive accumulation of the cation was predicted to lead to activation of the permeability transition, with catastrophic consequences for the neuron. Each of these predictions has been confirmed with intact neurons, and there is convincing evidence for the permeability transition in cellular Ca(2+) overload associated with glutamate excitotoxicity and stroke, while the neurodegenerative disease in which possible defects in mitochondrial Ca(2+) handling have been most intensively investigated is Huntington's Disease. In this brief review evidence that mitochondrial Ca(2+) transport is relevant to neuronal survival in these conditions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Nicholls
- Buck Institute for Age Research, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA.
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Gelosa P, Banfi C, Brioschi M, Nobili E, Gianella A, Guerrini U, Pignieri A, Tremoli E, Sironi L. S 35171 exerts protective effects in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats by preserving mitochondrial function. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 604:117-24. [PMID: 19135993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
S 35171 is one of a family of compounds that have been designed to protect mitochondrial function. We tested the hypothesis that S 35171 exerts protective effects in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRSPs), an animal model developing spontaneous brain damage preceded by proteinuria and systemic inflammation revealed by the urinary accumulation of acute-phase proteins (APPs) originating in the liver. Male SHRSPs fed a permissive diet received vehicle or S 35171 (10 mg/kg/day) started simultaneously with a high-sodium diet (group A) or after the establishment of proteinuria (group B). The drug delayed urinary APPs accumulation and the appearance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-monitored brain lesions (after 62+/-3 days in group A, and 51+/-2 days in controls, P<0.01). The delay was more pronounced in group B as 30% of the animals survived the entire 90-day experimental period without brain abnormality. Proteomic analysis showed no significant alteration in the expression pattern of brain mitochondrial proteins, but the liver mitochondrial levels of carbamoylphosphate synthase I (CPS-I), an enzyme involved in urea metabolism) and the antioxidant peroxiredoxin-3 spot were affected by hypertension and S 35171. Stress reduces CPS-I and induces the peroxiredoxin-3 spot, whereas S 35171 brought about normal CPS-I expression and a 12-fold higher level of the peroxiredoxin-3 spot. As both enzymes are involved in maintaining mitochondrial functions, their increased expression after S 35171 treatment may be responsible for delaying the pathological condition that leads to the development of brain damage in SHRSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gelosa
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
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22
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Resistance to kynurenic acid of the NMDA receptor-dependent toxicity of 3-nitropropionic acid and cyanide in cerebellar granule neurons. Brain Res 2008; 1215:200-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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