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Salihi A, Al-Naqshabandi MA, Khudhur ZO, Housein Z, Hama HA, Abdullah RM, Hussen BM, Alkasalias T. Gasotransmitters in the tumor microenvironment: Impacts on cancer chemotherapy (Review). Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:233. [PMID: 35616143 PMCID: PMC9178674 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide are three endogenous gasotransmitters that serve a role in regulating normal and pathological cellular activities. They can stimulate or inhibit cancer cell proliferation and invasion, as well as interfere with cancer cell responses to drug treatments. Understanding the molecular pathways governing the interactions between these gases and the tumor microenvironment can be utilized for the identification of a novel technique to disrupt cancer cell interactions and may contribute to the conception of effective and safe cancer therapy strategies. The present review discusses the effects of these gases in modulating the action of chemotherapies, as well as prospective pharmacological and therapeutic interfering approaches. A deeper knowledge of the mechanisms that underpin the cellular and pharmacological effects, as well as interactions, of each of the three gases could pave the way for therapeutic treatments and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Salihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University‑Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001, Iraq
| | - Mohammed A Al-Naqshabandi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001, Iraq
| | - Zhikal Omar Khudhur
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001, Iraq
| | - Zjwan Housein
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Technical Health and Medical College, Erbil Polytechnique University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44002, Iraq
| | - Harmand A Hama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44002, Iraq
| | - Ramyar M Abdullah
- College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44002, Iraq
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44002, Iraq
| | - Twana Alkasalias
- General Directorate of Scientific Research Center, Salahaddin University‑Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44002, Iraq
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2
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Flister MJ, Bergom C. Genetic Modifiers of the Breast Tumor Microenvironment. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:429-444. [PMID: 29860987 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple nonmalignant cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME) impact breast cancer risk, metastasis, and response to therapy, yet most heritable mechanisms that influence TME cell function and breast cancer outcomes are largely unknown. Breast cancer risk is ∼30% heritable and >170 genetic loci have been associated with breast cancer traits. However, the majority of candidate genes have poorly defined mechanistic roles in breast cancer biology. Research indicates that breast cancer risk modifiers directly impact cancer cells, yet it is equally plausible that some modifier alleles impact the nonmalignant TME. The objective of this review is to examine the list of current breast cancer candidate genes that may modify breast cancer risk and outcome through the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Flister
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Carmen Bergom
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Xu G, Lou N, Xu Y, Shi H, Ruan H, Xiao W, Liu L, Xiao H, Qiu B, Bao L, Yuan C, Chen K, Yang H, Zhang X. Diagnostic and prognostic value of scavenger receptor class B type 1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317699110. [PMID: 28466781 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317699110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of scavenger receptor class B type 1 has been reported in several human cancers. Nevertheless, the roles of scavenger receptor class B type 1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of scavenger receptor class B type 1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The messenger RNA level of scavenger receptor class B type 1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma tissues was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, while protein level was determined by western blot and immunohistochemistry. The lipid content between clear cell renal cell carcinoma tissues and normal kidney tissues was differentiated by Oil Red O and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The diagnostic value of scavenger receptor class B type 1 was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve. The prognostic significance of scavenger receptor class B type 1 was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis. Our results showed that the expression of scavenger receptor class B type 1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma tissues at both messenger RNA and protein level was much higher than that in normal kidney tissues. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis exhibited a significant value of area under the curve (0.8486, 95% confidence interval: 0.7926-0.9045) with strong sensitivity (0.75, 95% confidence interval: 0.6535-0.8312) and specificity (0.90, 95% confidence interval: 0.8238-0.9510). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with higher scavenger receptor class B type 1 expression had shorter progression-free survival time. Cox analysis indicated that scavenger receptor class B type 1 was an independent prognostic biomarker. In conclusion, our findings implied that scavenger receptor class B type 1 might serve as a diagnostic and independent prognostic biomarker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Xu
- 1 Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Lou
- 1 Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuchen Xu
- 1 Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hangchuan Shi
- 1 Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hailong Ruan
- 1 Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- 1 Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- 1 Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haibing Xiao
- 1 Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- 1 Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Bao
- 1 Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changfei Yuan
- 1 Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Chen
- 1 Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- 2 Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- 1 Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Yuan B, Wu C, Wang X, Wang D, Liu H, Guo L, Li XA, Han J, Feng H. High scavenger receptor class B type I expression is related to tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3581-8. [PMID: 26456958 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) has been linked to the development and progression of breast cancer. However, its clinical significance in breast cancer remains unclear. Here, we evaluated SR-BI expression in a well-characterized breast cancer tissue microarray by immunohistochemistry. High SR-BI expression was observed in 54 % of all breast cancer cases and was significantly associated with advanced pTNM stage (P = 0.002), larger tumor size (P = 0.023), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.012), and the absence of ER (P = 0.014). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with high SR-BI expression had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) (P = 0.004). Moreover, multivariate analysis with adjustment for other prognostic factors confirmed that SR-BI was an independent prognostic factor for patient outcome (P = 0.017). Overall, our study demonstrated that high SR-BI expression was related to conventional parameters indicative of more aggressive tumor type and may serve as a new prognostic marker for poor clinical outcome in human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoying Yuan
- Cancer Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Weiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Changshun Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Weiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xingwen Wang
- Cancer Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Weiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 741 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Huiling Liu
- Cancer Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Weiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Central Lab, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Weiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-An Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 741 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Junqing Han
- Cancer Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Weiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Feng
- Cancer Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Weiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
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Aggarwal R, Lu J, Kanji S, Das M, Joseph M, Lustberg MB, Ray A, Pompili VJ, Shapiro CL, Das H. Human Vγ2Vδ2 T cells limit breast cancer growth by modulating cell survival-, apoptosis-related molecules and microenvironment in tumors. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:2133-44. [PMID: 23595559 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune system has been known to play an important role in inhibiting the malignant transformation, tumor progression and invasion. However, the mechanistic basis remains ambiguous. Despite polyclonality of human γδ T cells, Vγ2Vδ2 T cell subset was shown to recognize and limit the growth of various tumors at various degrees. The differential recognition of the tumor cells by Vγ2Vδ2 T cells are yet to be defined. Our study reveals that γδ T cells limit in vitro growth of most breast tumor cells, such as SkBr7 (HER2+), MCF7 (ER+) and MDA-MB-231 (ER-) by inhibiting their survival and inducing apoptosis, except BrCa-MZ01 (PR+) cells. To investigate detail mechanisms of antineoplastic effects, we found that cell death was associated with the surface expression levels of MICA/B and ICAM1. Molecular signaling analysis demonstrated that inhibition of cell growth by γδ T cells was associated with the lower expression levels of cell survival-related molecules such as AKT, ERK and concomitant upregulation of apoptosis-related molecules, such as PARP, cleaved caspase 3 and tumor suppressor genes PTEN and P53. However, opposite molecular signaling was observed in the resistant cell line after coculture with γδ T cells. In vivo, antineoplastic effects of γδ T cells were also documented, where tumor growth was inhibited due to the downregulation of survival signals, strong induction of apoptotic molecules, disruption of microvasculature and increased infiltration of tumor associated macrophages. These findings reveal that a complex molecular signaling is involved in γδ T cell-mediated antineoplastic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeva Aggarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Immunohistochemical study of the angiogenetic network of VEGF, HIF1α, VEGFR-2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in human breast cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2011; 18:33-41. [PMID: 21671140 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-011-9413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of Nitric Oxide (NO) in angiogenesis has not been fully clarified yet. A dual role for NO, either inductive or inhibitory, has been proposed on the basis of different effects that high or low concentrations of NO may exert on the angiogenic process. Additionally, it has been referred that NO may induce VEGF production, while VEGF may induce NO production via up-regulation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), the two pathways being reverse. The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression of key molecules involved in these opposite pathways in primary breast cancer. METHODS Representative tumor samples from 242 patients with early-stage breast cancer (invasive ductal breast carcinomas) were investigated for the expression of VEGF, VEGFR-2, HIF1α, iNOS, and eNOS using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Endothelial NOS was found in 159 cases, VEGF in 131 cases, HIF-1α in 139 cases, VEGFR2 in 185 cases and inducible NOS (iNOS) in 22 cases. There was a significant correlation between the expression of VEGF and VEGFR-2, eNOS and VEGF, eNOS and VEGFR-2, eNOS and HIF1α. No statistically significant correlation was found between iNOS and the rest of the studied molecules. CONCLUSIONS In breast cancer cases, the major molecules regulating NO and VEGF production can be co-expressed in the individual carcinomas implying a possibility for the relevant pathways to be active; however appropriate functional experiments remain to be conducted to prove such a hypothesis.
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Abstract
Nitric oxide is a pleiotropic ancestral molecule, which elicits beneficial effect in many physiological settings but is also tenaciously expressed in numerous pathological conditions, particularly breast tumors. Nitric oxide is particularly harmful in adipogenic milieu of the breast, where it initiates and promotes tumorigenesis. Epidemiological studies have associated populations at a greater risk for developing breast cancer, predominantly estrogen receptor positive tumors, to express specific polymorphic forms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, that produce sustained low levels of nitric oxide. Low sustained nitric oxide generates oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions at susceptible sites in the heterogeneous microenvironment of the breast, where it promotes cancer related events in specific cell types. Inflammatory conditions also stimulate inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, which dependent on the microenvironment, could promote or inhibit mammary tumors. In this review we re-examine the mechanisms by which nitric oxide promotes initiation and progression of breast cancer and address some of the controversies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehla Pervin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism at Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059, USA.
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Lee KM, Choi JY, Lee JE, Noh DY, Ahn SH, Han W, Yoo KY, Hayes RB, Kang D. Genetic polymorphisms of NOS3 are associated with the risk of invasive breast cancer with lymph node involvement. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007; 106:433-8. [PMID: 17262178 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-007-9506-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) produces nitric oxide which is a mediator of cytotoxic effects potentially associated with breast cancer. We evaluated the role of genetic polymorphisms of NOS3 in breast cancer etiology, in a case-control study conducted in Korea. We recruited 1,385 eligible patients with histologically confirmed incident breast cancer cases and 968 hospital-based controls. Two potentially functional NOS3 polymorphisms in the promoter region (-786T > C) and exon 7 (894G > T, Glu298Asp) were genotyped and individual haplotypes were estimated. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidential intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for age, body mass index, education, family history of breast cancer in first and second degree relatives, age at first full-term pregnancy and parity. There was no overall association between the -786T > C or 894G > T genotype and breast cancer risk. However, the -786C allele was marginally associated with decreased risk for invasive breast cancer with lymph node involvement (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.56-1.04). And, compared to TG-TG carriers, all other haplotype pairs were significantly associated with invasive breast cancer with lymph node involvement (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.59-0.99). Our results suggest that genetic polymorphisms in NOS3 modify individual susceptibility to invasive breast cancer with lymph node involvement in Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Mu Lee
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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