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Dong BB, Wang C, Huang WQ, Bian YP, Liu J, Chen W, Zhou L, Shen Y, Wang L. Infrared Laser Stimulation of Purkinje Cells Primarily Depends on TRP Channel Activation. Neurosci Bull 2025:10.1007/s12264-025-01405-4. [PMID: 40332731 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-025-01405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Dong
- Department of Physiology and Center for Brain Health of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Center for Brain Health of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Wan-Qi Huang
- Department of Physiology and Center for Brain Health of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu-Peng Bian
- Department of Physiology and Center for Brain Health of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Physiology and Center for Brain Health of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Key Laboratory for Precision Diagnosis, Treatment, and Clinical Translation of Rare Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Luxi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Center for Brain Health of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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2
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Ping A, Wang J, Ángel García-Cabezas M, Li L, Zhang J, Gothard KM, Zhu J, Roe AW. Brainwide mesoscale functional networks revealed by focal infrared neural stimulation of the amygdala. Natl Sci Rev 2025; 12:nwae473. [PMID: 40170996 PMCID: PMC11960096 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 11/29/2024] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/03/2025] Open
Abstract
The primate amygdala serves to evaluate the emotional content of sensory inputs and modulate emotional and social behaviors; it modulates cognitive, multisensory and autonomic circuits predominantly via the basal, lateral and central nuclei, respectively. Recent evidence has suggested the mesoscale (millimeter-scale) nature of intra-amygdala functional organization. However, the connectivity patterns by which these mesoscale regions interact with brainwide networks remain unclear. Using infrared neural stimulation of single mesoscale sites coupled with mapping in ultrahigh field 7-T functional magnetic resonance imaging, we have discovered that these mesoscale sites exert influence over a surprisingly extensive scope of the brain. Our findings strongly indicate that mesoscale sites within the amygdala modulate brainwide networks through a 'one-to-many' (integral) way. Meanwhile, these connections exhibit a point-to-point (focal) topography. Our work provides new insights into the functional architecture underlying emotional and social behavioral networks, thereby opening up possibilities for individualized modulation of psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Ping
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianbao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Miguel Ángel García-Cabezas
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Lihui Li
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Katalin M Gothard
- Departments of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA
| | - Junming Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Anna Wang Roe
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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3
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Coventry BS, Luu CP, Bartlett EL. Focal Infrared Neural Stimulation Propagates Dynamical Transformations in Auditory Cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2025.03.12.642906. [PMID: 40161605 PMCID: PMC11952546 DOI: 10.1101/2025.03.12.642906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
Significance Infrared neural stimulation (INS) has emerged as a potent neuromodulation technology, offering safe and focal stimulation with superior spatial recruitment profiles compared to conventional electrical methods. However, the neural dynamics induced by INS stimulation remain poorly understood. Elucidating these dynamics will help develop new INS stimulation paradigms and advance its clinical application. Aim In this study, we assessed the local network dynamics of INS entrainment in the auditory thalamocortical circuit using the chronically implanted rat model; our approach focused on measuring INS energy-based local field potential (LFP) recruitment induced by focal thalamocortical stimulation. We further characterized linear and nonlinear oscillatory LFP activity in response to single-pulse and periodic INS and performed spectral decomposition to uncover specific LFP band entrainment to INS. Finally, we examined spike-field transformations across the thalamocortical synapse using spike-LFP coherence coupling. Results We found that INS significantly increases LFP amplitude as a log-linear function of INS energy per pulse, primarily entraining to LFP β and γ bands with synchrony extending to 200 Hz in some cases. A subset of neurons demonstrated nonlinear, chaotic oscillations linked to information transfer across cortical circuits. Finally, we utilized spike-field coherences to correlate spike coupling to LFP frequency band activity and suggest an energy-dependent model of network activation resulting from INS stimulation. Conclusions We show that INS reliably drives robust network activity and can potently modulate cortical field potentials across a wide range of frequencies in a stimulus parameter-dependent manner. Based on these results, we propose design principles for developing full coverage, all-optical thalamocortical auditory neuroprostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Coventry
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Cuong P Luu
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53907 USA
| | - Edward L Bartlett
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
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Okamoto A, Uenaka M, Ito Y, Kuroki Y, Miyasaka T, Toda K, Hiryu S, Kobayasi KI, Tamai Y. Safety evaluations for transtympanic laser stimulation of the cochlea in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Neurosci Res 2025; 212:31-40. [PMID: 39447653 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
Infrared laser stimulation of the cochlea has been proposed as a possible alternative to conventional auditory prostheses. Whereas previous studies have focused primarily on the short-term effects of laser stimulation, the practical application of this technics requires an investigation into whether prolonged laser exposure can induce neural responses and safely. This study assessed the effect of laser-induced damage to the cochlea on auditory perception using Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) trained with a classical conditioning task. The broadband noise was presented as a conditioned stimulus, and reward licking was recorded as a conditioned response. After training, the subject's cochlea was exposed to a continuous pulsed laser for 15 h. Broadband noise of various intensities was presented without pairing it with water before and after laser exposure to assess the decrease in auditory perception due to laser-induced injury. The licking rate did not change after laser exposure of 6.6 W/cm2 or weaker but drastically decreased after 26.4 W/cm2 or higher. These findings showed, for the first time, that the safety margin of long-term, at least several hours, cochlear laser stimulation exists and will contribute to the appropriate delimitation of the safe and effective laser stimulation parameters in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Okamoto
- Neuroethology and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miku Uenaka
- Neuroethology and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Ito
- Neuroethology and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuta Kuroki
- Neuroethology and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miyasaka
- Neuropathology, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Toda
- Department of Psychology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuko Hiryu
- Neuroethology and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kohta I Kobayasi
- Neuroethology and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yuta Tamai
- Neuroethology and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan; Neurobiology of Social Communication, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Medical Center, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Strasse 5, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
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5
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Yang R, Orser HD, Ludwig KA, Coventry BS. Field-Programmable Gate Array-Based Ultra-Low Power Discrete Fourier Transforms for Closed-Loop Neural Sensing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2025.02.13.637868. [PMID: 39990505 PMCID: PMC11844513 DOI: 10.1101/2025.02.13.637868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2025]
Abstract
Digital implementations of discrete Fourier transforms (DFT) are a mainstay in feature assessment of recorded biopotentials, particularly in the quantification of biomarkers of neurological disease state for adaptive deep brain stimulation. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms and architectures present a substantial power demand from onboard batteries in implantable medical devices, necessitating the development of ultra-low power Fourier transform methods in resource-constrained environments. Numerous FFT architectures aim to optimize power and resource demand through computational efficiency; however, prioritizing the reduction of logic complexity at the cost of additional computations can be equally or more effective. This paper introduces a minimal architecture single-delay feedback discrete Fourier transform (mSDF-DFT) for use in ultra-low-power field programmable gate array applications and shows energy and power improvements over state-of-the-art FFT methods. We observe a 33% reduction in dynamic power and 4% reduction in resource utilization in a neural sensing application when compared to state-of-the-art FFT algorithms. While designed for use in closed-loop deep brain stimulation and medical device implementations, the mSDF-DFT is also easily extendable to any ultra-low power embedded application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Department of Computer Science, and the Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53701 USA
| | - Heather D. Orser
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul MN 55105
| | - Kip A. Ludwig
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Department of Surgery, and the Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53701 USA
| | - Brandon S. Coventry
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Department of Biomedical Engineering, and the Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53701 USA
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6
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Tian F, Liu Y, Chen M, Schriver KE, Roe AW. Selective activation of mesoscale functional circuits via multichannel infrared stimulation of cortical columns in ultra-high-field 7T MRI. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2025; 5:100961. [PMID: 39874948 PMCID: PMC11840946 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2024] [Revised: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2025]
Abstract
To restore vision in the blind, advances in visual cortical prosthetics (VCPs) have offered high-channel-count electrical interfaces. Here, we design a 100-fiber optical bundle interface apposed to known feature-specific (color, shape, motion, and depth) functional columns that populate the visual cortex in humans, primates, and cats. Based on a non-viral optical stimulation method (INS, infrared neural stimulation; 1,875 nm), it can deliver dynamic patterns of stimulation, is non-penetrating and non-damaging to tissue, and is movable and removable. In addition, its magnetic resonance (MR) compatibility (INS-fMRI) permits systematic mapping of brain-wide circuits. In the MRI, we illustrate (1) the single-point activation of functionally specific networks, (2) shifting cortical networks activated via shifting points of stimulation, and (3) "moving dot" stimulation-evoked activation of higher-order motion-selective areas. We suggest that, by mimicking patterns of columnar activation normally activated by visual stimuli, a columnar VCP opens doors for the planned activation of feature-specific circuits and their associated visual percepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; National Key Laboratory of Brain and Computer Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yipeng Liu
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Meixuan Chen
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Kenneth Edward Schriver
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Anna Wang Roe
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; National Key Laboratory of Brain and Computer Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China.
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7
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Balogh-Lantos Z, Fiáth R, Horváth ÁC, Fekete Z. High density laminar recordings reveal cell type and layer specific responses to infrared neural stimulation in the rat neocortex. Sci Rep 2024; 14:31523. [PMID: 39732850 PMCID: PMC11682324 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-82980-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 12/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Infrared neural stimulation has consistently shown that temperature is a critical neuronal state variable. However, a comprehensive understanding of the biophysical background is essential. In this study, using high-density laminar electrode recordings, we investigated the impact of pulsed and continuous-wave infrared illumination on cortical neurons in anesthetized rats ([Formula: see text]). By analyzing the infrared (IR) stimulation-related responses of more than 7500 single units, we found that elevating tissue temperature with IR stimulation resulted in a significant increase in the number of cells affected, including a substantial rise in the number of inhibited cells. Pulsed stimulation affected an average of [Formula: see text] of units, resulting primarily in increased activity. In contrast, continuous stimulation significantly increased the percentage of affected cells to [Formula: see text], with single units tending to be suppressed. Furthermore, when analyzing cell types, a higher percentage of principal cells displayed increased firing rates ([Formula: see text]) compared to suppressed activity ([Formula: see text]). Meanwhile, more interneurons were suppressed ([Formula: see text]) than showed increased activity ([Formula: see text]). On average, the firing rate of neurons reached 90% of the maximal activation within approximately 36 seconds after the onset of infrared stimulation. The proportion of neurons with suppressed activity decreased with cortical depth, while the proportion of neurons with elevated activity increased in deeper layers. These results provide valuable data to understand the mechanism of infrared neural stimulation in the living brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Balogh-Lantos
- Research Group for Implantable Microsystems, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter utca 50/a, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
- Roska Tamás Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter utca 50/a, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Richárd Fiáth
- Research Group for Implantable Microsystems, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter utca 50/a, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Ágoston Csaba Horváth
- Research Group for Implantable Microsystems, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter utca 50/a, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Fekete
- Research Group for Implantable Microsystems, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter utca 50/a, Budapest, 1083, Hungary.
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
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Tian F, Zhang Y, Schriver KE, Hu JM, Roe AW. A novel interface for cortical columnar neuromodulation with multipoint infrared neural stimulation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6528. [PMID: 39095351 PMCID: PMC11297274 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutting edge advances in electrical visual cortical prosthetics have evoked perception of shapes, motion, and letters in the blind. Here, we present an alternative optical approach using pulsed infrared neural stimulation. To interface with dense arrays of cortical columns with submillimeter spatial precision, both linear array and 100-fiber bundle array optical fiber interfaces were devised. We deliver infrared stimulation through these arrays in anesthetized cat visual cortex and monitor effects by optical imaging in contralateral visual cortex. Infrared neural stimulation modulation of response to ongoing visual oriented gratings produce enhanced responses in orientation-matched domains and suppressed responses in non-matched domains, consistent with a known higher order integration mediated by callosal inputs. Controls include dynamically applied speeds, directions and patterns of multipoint stimulation. This provides groundwork for a distinct type of prosthetic targeted to maps of visual cortical columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Kenneth E Schriver
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jia Ming Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Anna Wang Roe
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Brain and Computer Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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9
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Xi Y, Schriver KE, Roe AW, Zhang X. Quantifying tissue temperature changes induced by infrared neural stimulation: numerical simulation and MR thermometry. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:4111-4131. [PMID: 39022552 PMCID: PMC11249695 DOI: 10.1364/boe.530854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Infrared neural stimulation (INS) delivered via short pulse trains is an innovative tool that has potential for us use for studying brain function and circuitry, brain machine interface, and clinical use. The prevailing mechanism for INS involves the conversion of light energy into thermal transients, leading to neuronal membrane depolarization. Due to the potential risks of thermal damage, it is crucial to ensure that the resulting local temperature increases are within non-damaging limits for brain tissues. Previous studies have estimated damage thresholds using histological methods and have modeled thermal effects based on peripheral nerves. However, additional quantitative measurements and modeling studies are needed for the central nervous system. Here, we performed 7 T MRI thermometry on ex vivo rat brains following the delivery of infrared pulse trains at five different intensities from 0.1-1.0 J/cm2 (each pulse train 1,875 nm, 25 us/pulse, 200 Hz, 0.5 s duration, delivered through 200 µm fiber). Additionally, we utilized the General BioHeat Transfer Model (GBHTM) to simulate local temperature changes in perfused brain tissues while delivering these laser energies to tissue (with optical parameters of human skin) via three different sizes of optical fibers at five energy intensities. The simulation results clearly demonstrate that a 0.5 second INS pulse train induces an increase followed by an immediate drop in temperature at stimulation offset. The delivery of multiple pulse trains with 2.5 s interstimulus interval (ISI) leads to rising temperatures that plateau. Both thermometry and modeling results show that, using parameters that are commonly used in biological applications (200 µm diameter fiber, 0.1-1.0 J/cm2), the final temperature increase at the end of the 60 sec stimuli duration does not exceed 1°C with stimulation values of 0.1-0.5 J/cm2 and does not exceed 2°C with stimulation values of up to 1.0 J/cm2. Thus, the maximum temperature rise is consistent with the thermal damage threshold reported in previous studies. This study provides a quantitative evaluation of the temperature changes induced by INS, suggesting that existing practices pose minimal major safety concerns for biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Xi
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kenneth E Schriver
- School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Anna Wang Roe
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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10
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Sander MY, Zhu X. Infrared neuromodulation-a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:066701. [PMID: 38701769 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad4729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) neuromodulation (INM) is an emerging light-based neuromodulation approach that can reversibly control neuronal and muscular activities through the transient and localized deposition of pulsed IR light without requiring any chemical or genetic pre-treatment of the target cells. Though the efficacy and short-term safety of INM have been widely demonstrated in both peripheral and central nervous systems, the investigations of the detailed cellular and biological processes and the underlying biophysical mechanisms are still ongoing. In this review, we discuss the current research progress in the INM field with a focus on the more recently discovered IR nerve inhibition. Major biophysical mechanisms associated with IR nerve stimulation are summarized. As the INM effects are primarily attributed to the spatiotemporal thermal transients induced by water and tissue absorption of pulsed IR light, temperature monitoring techniques and simulation models adopted in INM studies are discussed. Potential translational applications, current limitations, and challenges of the field are elucidated to provide guidance for future INM research and advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y Sander
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary's Street, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, 15 Saint Mary's Street, Brookline, MA 02446, United States of America
- Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary's Street, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, 24 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Xuedong Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
- Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary's Street, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, 24 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
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11
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Sato H, Sugimoto F, Furukawa R, Tateno T. Modulatory Effects on Laminar Neural Activity Induced by Near-Infrared Light Stimulation with a Continuous Waveform to the Mouse Inferior Colliculus In Vivo. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0521-23.2024. [PMID: 38627064 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0521-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Infrared neural stimulation (INS) is a promising area of interest for the clinical application of a neuromodulation method. This is in part because of its low invasiveness, whereby INS modulates the activity of the neural tissue mainly through temperature changes. Additionally, INS may provide localized brain stimulation with less tissue damage. The inferior colliculus (IC) is a crucial auditory relay nucleus and a potential target for clinical application of INS to treat auditory diseases and develop artificial hearing devices. Here, using continuous INS with low to high-power density, we demonstrate the laminar modulation of neural activity in the mouse IC in the presence and absence of sound. We investigated stimulation parameters of INS to effectively modulate the neural activity in a facilitatory or inhibitory manner. A mathematical model of INS-driven brain tissue was first simulated, temperature distributions were numerically estimated, and stimulus parameters were selected from the simulation results. Subsequently, INS was administered to the IC of anesthetized mice, and the modulation effect on the neural activity was measured using an electrophysiological approach. We found that the modulatory effect of INS on the spontaneous neural activity was bidirectional between facilitatory and inhibitory effects. The modulatory effect on sound-evoked responses produced only an inhibitory effect to all examined stimulus intensities. Thus, this study provides important physiological evidence on the response properties of IC neurons to INS. Overall, INS can be used for the development of new therapies for neurological disorders and functional support devices for auditory central processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Sato
- Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
| | - Futoshi Sugimoto
- Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
| | - Ryo Furukawa
- Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
| | - Takashi Tateno
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
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12
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Fu P, Liu Y, Zhu L, Wang M, Yu Y, Yang F, Zhang W, Zhang H, Shoham S, Roe AW, Xi W. Two-photon imaging of excitatory and inhibitory neural response to infrared neural stimulation. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:025003. [PMID: 38800606 PMCID: PMC11125280 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.2.025003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Significance Pulsed infrared neural stimulation (INS, 1875 nm) is an emerging neurostimulation technology that delivers focal pulsed heat to activate functionally specific mesoscale networks and holds promise for clinical application. However, little is known about its effect on excitatory and inhibitory cell types in cerebral cortex. Aim Estimates of summed population neuronal response time courses provide a potential basis for neural and hemodynamic signals described in other studies. Approach Using two-photon calcium imaging in mouse somatosensory cortex, we have examined the effect of INS pulse train application on hSyn neurons and mDlx neurons tagged with GCaMP6s. Results We find that, in anesthetized mice, each INS pulse train reliably induces robust response in hSyn neurons exhibiting positive going responses. Surprisingly, mDlx neurons exhibit negative going responses. Quantification using the index of correlation illustrates responses are reproducible, intensity-dependent, and focal. Also, a contralateral activation is observed when INS applied. Conclusions In sum, the population of neurons stimulated by INS includes both hSyn and mDlx neurons; within a range of stimulation intensities, this leads to overall excitation in the stimulated population, leading to the previously observed activations at distant post-synaptic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Fu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- KU Leuven Medical School, Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liang Zhu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen Yang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Zhejiang University, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hequn Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shy Shoham
- NYU Langone Health, Department of Ophthalmology and Tech4Health and Neuroscience Institutes, New York, New York, United States
| | - Anna Wang Roe
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wang Xi
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Coventry BS, Lawlor GL, Bagnati CB, Krogmeier C, Bartlett EL. Characterization and closed-loop control of infrared thalamocortical stimulation produces spatially constrained single-unit responses. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae082. [PMID: 38725532 PMCID: PMC11079674 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a powerful tool for the treatment of circuitopathy-related neurological and psychiatric diseases and disorders such as Parkinson's disease and obsessive-compulsive disorder, as well as a critical research tool for perturbing neural circuits and exploring neuroprostheses. Electrically mediated DBS, however, is limited by the spread of stimulus currents into tissue unrelated to disease course and treatment, potentially causing undesirable patient side effects. In this work, we utilize infrared neural stimulation (INS), an optical neuromodulation technique that uses near to midinfrared light to drive graded excitatory and inhibitory responses in nerves and neurons, to facilitate an optical and spatially constrained DBS paradigm. INS has been shown to provide spatially constrained responses in cortical neurons and, unlike other optical techniques, does not require genetic modification of the neural target. We show that INS produces graded, biophysically relevant single-unit responses with robust information transfer in rat thalamocortical circuits. Importantly, we show that cortical spread of activation from thalamic INS produces more spatially constrained response profiles than conventional electrical stimulation. Owing to observed spatial precision of INS, we used deep reinforcement learning (RL) for closed-loop control of thalamocortical circuits, creating real-time representations of stimulus-response dynamics while driving cortical neurons to precise firing patterns. Our data suggest that INS can serve as a targeted and dynamic stimulation paradigm for both open and closed-loop DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Coventry
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Implantable Devices and the Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Georgia L Lawlor
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Implantable Devices and the Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Christina B Bagnati
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Claudia Krogmeier
- Department of Computer Graphics Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Edward L Bartlett
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Implantable Devices and the Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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14
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Coventry BS, Lawlor GL, Bagnati CB, Krogmeier C, Bartlett EL. Spatially specific, closed-loop infrared thalamocortical deep brain stimulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.04.560859. [PMID: 37904955 PMCID: PMC10614743 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.04.560859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a powerful tool for the treatment of circuitopathy-related neurological and psychiatric diseases and disorders such as Parkinson's disease and obsessive-compulsive disorder, as well as a critical research tool for perturbing neural circuits and exploring neuroprostheses. Electrically-mediated DBS, however, is limited by the spread of stimulus currents into tissue unrelated to disease course and treatment, potentially causing undesirable patient side effects. In this work, we utilize infrared neural stimulation (INS), an optical neuromodulation technique that uses near to mid-infrared light to drive graded excitatory and inhibitory responses in nerves and neurons, to facilitate an optical and spatially constrained DBS paradigm. INS has been shown to provide spatially constrained responses in cortical neurons and, unlike other optical techniques, does not require genetic modification of the neural target. We show that INS produces graded, biophysically relevant single-unit responses with robust information transfer in thalamocortical circuits. Importantly, we show that cortical spread of activation from thalamic INS produces more spatially constrained response profiles than conventional electrical stimulation. Owing to observed spatial precision of INS, we used deep reinforcement learning for closed-loop control of thalamocortical circuits, creating real-time representations of stimulus-response dynamics while driving cortical neurons to precise firing patterns. Our data suggest that INS can serve as a targeted and dynamic stimulation paradigm for both open and closed-loop DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Coventry
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
- Center for Implantable Devices and the Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Georgia L Lawlor
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
- Center for Implantable Devices and the Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Christina B Bagnati
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Claudia Krogmeier
- Department of Computer Graphics Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Edward L Bartlett
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
- Center for Implantable Devices and the Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
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15
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Karatum O, Han M, Erdogan ET, Karamursel S, Nizamoglu S. Physical mechanisms of emerging neuromodulation modalities. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:031001. [PMID: 37224804 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/acd870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
One of the ultimate goals of neurostimulation field is to design materials, devices and systems that can simultaneously achieve safe, effective and tether-free operation. For that, understanding the working mechanisms and potential applicability of neurostimulation techniques is important to develop noninvasive, enhanced, and multi-modal control of neural activity. Here, we review direct and transduction-based neurostimulation techniques by discussing their interaction mechanisms with neurons via electrical, mechanical, and thermal means. We show how each technique targets modulation of specific ion channels (e.g. voltage-gated, mechanosensitive, heat-sensitive) by exploiting fundamental wave properties (e.g. interference) or engineering nanomaterial-based systems for efficient energy transduction. Overall, our review provides a detailed mechanistic understanding of neurostimulation techniques together with their applications toin vitro, in vivo, and translational studies to guide the researchers toward developing more advanced systems in terms of noninvasiveness, spatiotemporal resolution, and clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onuralp Karatum
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Mertcan Han
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Tuna Erdogan
- Department of Physiology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Sacit Karamursel
- Department of Physiology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Sedat Nizamoglu
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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16
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Roe AW. BMI 2.0: Toward a technological interface with brainwide networks. Neuron 2023; 111:1687-1688. [PMID: 37290398 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The field of brain machine interface has long sought a technology for brainwide interaction. In this issue of Neuron, Kim et al.1 present a novel method for dynamic, patterned, and precise optogenetic stimulation of mouse cortex in ultra-high-field MRI that portends such an interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wang Roe
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; MOE, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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