Cu2O nanoparticles synthesized by green and chemical routes, and evaluation of their antibacterial and antifungal effect on functionalized textiles

Bioinspired synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extracts of Cladophora glomerata (L.) Kuetz and their potential biomedical applications

Present study deals with the green fabrication of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) employing cell-free aqueous extract of Cladophora glomerata (L.) Kuetz, freshwater algal species. The UV-visible, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, EDX, BET, XPS and Raman spectroscopic techniques were used to confirm and characterize the biosynthesized CuO NPs. The UV-Vis analysis revealed a sharp peak at 264 nm with a band gap of 3.7 eV, which was attributable to the fabrication of CuO NPs. FESEM and HRTEM detect the spherical-shaped morphology with size between 40 and 50 nm. The biochemical profiling of cell free extract of the C. glomerata by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed the presence of various bioactive biomolecules that may acts as a precursor for the fabrication of CuO NPs. The antibacterial study of fabricated CuO NPs revealed significant growth inhibitory potential against selected bacterial strains Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus with an IC50 value of 10 μg/ml. The synthesized CuO NPs also displayed strong DPPH radical scavenging (IC50 value 11.25 mg/L) and total antioxidant (IC50 value 11 mg/L) properties. Further, the anticancer activity of fabricated CuO NPs was studied employing a human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line by MTT assay, which marks their ability to diminish the 50% cell with IC50 value of 168.6 µg/ml. Overall, the findings confirmed that CuO NPs fabricated employing cell-free extract of C. glomerata have the potential to be used as active agent in various biomedical applications after further detailed clinical investigations.

Green metal nanotechnology in monogastric animal health: current trends and future prospects - A review

Green nanotechnology is an emerging field of research in recent decades with rapidly growing interest. This integrates green chemistry with green engineering to avoid using toxic chemicals in the synthesis of organic nanomaterials. Green nanotechnology would create a huge potential for the use of nanoparticles for more sustainable utilization in improving animal health. Nanoparticles can be synthesised by physical, chemical and biological processes. Traditional methods for physical and chemical synthesis of nanoparticles are toxic to humans, animals and environmental health, which limits their usefulness. Green synthesis of nanoparticles via biological processes and their application in animal health could maximize the benefits of nanotechnology in terms of enhancing food animal health and production as well as minimize the undesirable impacts on Planetary Health. Recent advances in nanotechnology have meant different nanomaterials, especially those from metal sources, are now available for use in nanomedicine. Metal nanoparticles are one of the most widely researched in green nanotechnology, and the number of articles on this subject in food animal production is growing. Therefore, research on metal nanoparticles using green technologies have utmost importance. In this review, we report the recent advancement of green synthesized metal nanoparticles in terms of their utilization in monogastric animal health, elucidate the research gap in this field and provide recommendations for future prospects.

Exploring synthesis and applications of green nanoparticles and the role of nanotechnology in wastewater treatment

Current research endeavours are progressively focussing towards discovering sustainable methods for synthesising eco-friendly materials. In this environment, nanotechnology has emerged as a key frontier, especially in bioremediation and biotechnology. A few areas of nanotechnology including membrane technology, sophisticated oxidation processes, and biosensors. It is possible to create nanoparticles (NPs) via physical, chemical, or biological pathways in a variety of sizes and forms. These days, the investigation of plants as substitutes for NP synthesis methods has drawn a lot of interest. Toxic water contaminants such as methyl blue have been shown to be removed upto 70% by nanoparticles. In our article, we aimed at focussing the environmental sustainability and cost-effectiveness towards the green synthesis of nanoparticles. Furthermore it offers a comprehensive thorough summary of green NP synthesis methods which can be distinguished by their ease of use, financial sustainability, and environmentally favourable utilization of plant extracts. This study highlights how green synthesis methods have the potential to transform manufacturing of NPs while adhering to environmental stewardship principles and resource efficiency.

Antimicrobial Activity of Morphology-Controlled Cu2O Nanoparticles: Oxidation Stability under Humid and Thermal Conditions

Metal oxides can be used as antimicrobial agents, especially since they can be fabricated into various forms such as films, masks, and filters. In particular, the durability of antimicrobial agents and the duration of their antimicrobial activity are important factors that determine their suitability for a specific purpose. These factors are related to the morphology and size of particles. The metal oxide Cu2O is often oxidized to CuO in various conditions, which reduces its antimicrobial activity. This study focused on the oxidation of nanoparticles of Cu2O with three morphologies, namely, spherical, octahedral, and cubic morphologies, in excessively humid and excessive-thermal environments for a specific duration and the antimicrobial activity of the NPs. Cu2O nanoparticles were prepared using the chemical reduction method, and their morphology could be varied by adjusting the molar ratio of OH- to Cu2+ and changing the reducing agent. It was found that cubic Cu2O was the most stable against oxidation and had the smallest reduction in antimicrobial activity. This study examined the antimicrobial activity and the oxidation stability of Cu2O NPs with different morphologies but similar particle sizes.

Cellulosic Textiles-An Appealing Trend for Different Pharmaceutical Applications

Cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer in nature, is derived from various sources. The production of pharmaceutical textiles based on cellulose represents a growing sector. In medicated textiles, textile and pharmaceutical sciences are integrated to develop new healthcare approaches aiming to improve patient compliance. Through the possibility of cellulose functionalization, pharmaceutical textiles can broaden the applications of cellulose in the biomedical field. This narrative review aims to illustrate both the methods of extraction and preparation of cellulose fibers, with a particular focus on nanocellulose, and diverse pharmaceutical applications like tissue restoration and antimicrobial, antiviral, and wound healing applications. Additionally, the merging between fabricated cellulosic textiles with drugs, metal nanoparticles, and plant-derived and synthetic materials are also illustrated. Moreover, new emerging technologies and the use of smart medicated textiles (3D and 4D cellulosic textiles) are not far from those within the review scope. In each section, the review outlines some of the limitations in the use of cellulose textiles, indicating scientific research that provides significant contributions to overcome them. This review also points out the faced challenges and possible solutions in a trial to present an overview on all issues related to the use of cellulose for the production of pharmaceutical textiles.