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Bounas N, Seretis K. Vitamin D and Cutaneous Melanoma Risk: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024; 42:249-266. [PMID: 38662504 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D (VitD) properties can impact cancer cells. Despite the documented link between VitD levels and prevalence of several cancer types, conflicting findings have been reported for cutaneous melanoma (CM). Objective: This overview aims to compile the evidence from existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses, emphasizing the relationships between VitD serum levels, intake, receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms, and CM risk. Methods: A literature search in electronic databases was conducted, based on certain inclusion criteria. Results: Twenty-one studies were included. Conflicting evidence between high VitD serum levels, dietary/supplementary intake, and CM risk is highlighted. VDR polymorphisms may play a role in the intricate CM pathogenesis. Also, high serum levels of VitD are associated with improved CM prognosis. Conclusions: This overview showed that the impact of VitD on CM is not clear, and thus further research is suggested to explore its true effect size on CM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Bounas
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Seretis
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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2
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Borborema MEDA, de Lucena TMC, Silva JDA. Vitamin D and estrogen steroid hormones and their immunogenetic roles in Infectious respiratory (TB and COVID-19) diseases. Genet Mol Biol 2023; 46:e20220158. [PMID: 36745756 PMCID: PMC9901533 DOI: 10.1590/1415-4757-gmb-2022-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of steroid hormones against infectious diseases has been extensively studied. From immunomodulatory action to direct inhibition of microorganism growth, hormones D3 (VD3) and 17β-estradiol (E2), and the genetic pathways modulated by them, are key targets for a better understanding pathogenesis of infectious respiratory diseases (IRD) such as tuberculosis (TB) and the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Currently, the world faces two major public health problems, the outbreak of COVID-19, accounting for more than 6 million so far, and TB, more than 1 million deaths per year. Both, although resulting from different pathogens, the Mtb and the SARS-CoV-2, respectively, are considered serious and epidemic. TB and COVID-19 present similar infection rates between men and women, however the number of complications and deaths resulting from the two infections is higher in men when compared to women in childbearing age, which may indicate a role of the sex hormone E2 in the context of these diseases. E2 and VD3 act upon key gene pathways as important immunomodulatory players and supporting molecules in IRDs. This review summarizes the main roles of these hormones (VD3 and E2) in modulating immune and inflammatory responses and their relationship with TB and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda de Albuquerque Borborema
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular Humana (LGBMH), Recife, PE, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Thays Maria Costa de Lucena
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular Humana (LGBMH), Recife, PE, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline de Azevêdo Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular Humana (LGBMH), Recife, PE, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Recife, PE, Brazil
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3
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Abstract
Increasing scientific evidence supports the link between vitamin D and cancer risk. The active metabolite 1,25(OH)2D exerts its activity by binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), an intracellular receptor that mediates transcriptional activation and repression of target genes. The binding of 1,25(OH)2D to VDR is able to regulate hundreds of different genes. VDR is active in virtually all tissues including the colon, breast, lung, ovary, bone, kidney, parathyroid gland, pancreatic b-cells, monocytes, T lymphocytes, melanocytes, keratinocytes, and also cancer cells.The relevance of VDR gene restriction fragment length polymorphisms for various types of cancer has been investigated by a great number of studies.We have carried out a systematic review of the literature to analyze the relevance of more VDR polymorphisms (Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1, Apa1, and Cdx2) for individual malignancies considering ethnicity as a key factor for heterogeneity.Up to December 2018, we identified 176 independent studies with data to assess the risk of breast, prostate, colorectal, skin (melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer), lung, ovarian, kidney, bladder, gallbladder, esophageal, thyroid, head and neck, liver and pancreatic cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma and sarcoma.Significant associations with VDR polymorphisms have been reported for prostate (Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1, Apa1, Cdx2), breast (Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1, Apa1, CdX2), colorectal (Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1, Apa1), and skin cancer (Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1). Very few studies reported risk estimates for the other cancer sites.Conflicting data have been reported for most malignancies, and at present, it is still not possible to make any definitive statements about the importance of the VDR genotype for cancer risk. It seems probable that other factors such as ethnicity, phenotype, 25(OH)D plasma levels, and UV radiation exposure play a role as confounding factors and introduce heterogeneity.To conclude, there is some indication that VDR polymorphisms may modulate the risk of some cancer sites and in future studies VDR genetic variation should be integrated also with assessment of vitamin D status and stratified by ethnicity.
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Vasilovici AF, Grigore LE, Ungureanu L, Fechete O, Candrea E, Trifa AP, Vișan S, Șenilă S, Cosgarea R. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and melanoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:4162-4169. [PMID: 30944611 PMCID: PMC6444280 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma represents the most aggressive skin cancer, with an unpredictable and often treatment resistant behavior. The etiology of melanoma is multifactorial and includes both environmental and genetic factors. Recent evidence indicates that vitamin D has a role in the development and progression of melanoma. The biologically active form of vitamin D/1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 acts by binding to a intranuclear receptor; vitamin D receptor (VDR). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D receptor gene may alter the expression or the function of the VDR protein leading to various diseases, including melanoma. More than 600 SNPs have been identified in the VDR gene, but only a few have been analyzed in relation to melanoma risk: FokI, TaqI, BsmI, ApaI, Cdx2, EcoRV, and BglI. Individual studies carried on small cohorts of patients reported controversial results. In an attempt to clarify the available data in the literature on this subject, we elaborated a systematic review in which we analyzed the relationship between VDR gene polymorphisms and melanoma risk and progression. We concluded that vitamin D pathway is important for the pathogenesis and the progression of cutaneous melanoma, illustrating the gene-environment interactions, but well-designed prospective studies that include data on both genotypes and phenotypes of vitamin D metabolism are essential in order to understand the mechanisms underlying the association between vitamin D and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina F Vasilovici
- Department of Dermatology, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lavinia Elena Grigore
- Department of Dermatology, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Dermatology, Municipal Clinical Hospital, 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Loredana Ungureanu
- Department of Dermatology, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Fechete
- Department of Dermatology, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Elisabeta Candrea
- Department of Dermatology, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian P Trifa
- Department of Medical Genetics, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Genetics, The Oncology Institute 'Prof Dr. Ion Chiricuta', 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Genetics, Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 540142 Tîrgu-Mureș, Romania
| | - Simona Vișan
- Department of Genetics, The Oncology Institute 'Prof Dr. Ion Chiricuta', 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Șenilă
- Department of Dermatology, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rodica Cosgarea
- Department of Dermatology, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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5
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Yin J, Pan H, Long T, Lv L, Zhai P, Liu C, Shao A, Shi Y, Sun Y, Zhu J, Wang L, Ding G, Chen S, Tang W, Qian C, Tan L, Gu H. Polymorphisms of VDR gene and risk of gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma in Chinese population. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45531-45543. [PMID: 28489590 PMCID: PMC5542206 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms have been reported to increase susceptibility to some malignant tumors, yet the effect on gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma susceptibility remains unknown. Here, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study to examine the correlation of single nucleotide polymorphisms of VDR rs2107301T>C, rs2228570C>T, rs1989969C>T and rs11568820 G>A and gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma susceptibility. A total 330 cases and 608 controls were enrolled in the study. Using ligation detection reaction, we found that the variant alleles of the four polymorphisms were not associated with risk of gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma. Further stratified analyses showed that there was an increased risk associated with VDR rs1989969 polymorphism among patients who were drinking or aged <60. The haplotypes VDR Trs2107301Trs2228570Crs1989969Grs11568820 reduced the susceptibility. This study demonstrated that VDR rs1989969 polymorphism was involved in the carcinogenesis of gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma, especially increased the risk in the younger and alcohol drinking Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Huiwen Pan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tao Long
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lu Lv
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peng Zhai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Aizhong Shao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yijun Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yangyong Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jingfeng Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guowen Ding
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Suocheng Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyong Gu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Vitamin D signaling and melanoma: role of vitamin D and its receptors in melanoma progression and management. J Transl Med 2017; 97:706-724. [PMID: 28218743 PMCID: PMC5446295 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB), in addition to having carcinogenic activity, is required for the production of vitamin D3 (D3) in the skin which supplies >90% of the body's requirement. Vitamin D is activated through hydroxylation by 25-hydroxylases (CYP2R1 or CYP27A1) and 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) to produce 1,25(OH)2D3, or through the action of CYP11A1 to produce mono-di- and trihydroxy-D3 products that can be further modified by CYP27B1, CYP27A1, and CYP24A1. The active forms of D3, in addition to regulating calcium metabolism, exert pleiotropic activities, which include anticarcinogenic and anti-melanoma effects in experimental models, with photoprotection against UVB-induced damage. These diverse effects are mediated through an interaction with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and/or as most recently demonstrated through action on retinoic acid orphan receptors (ROR)α and RORγ. With respect to melanoma, low levels of 25(OH)D are associated with thicker tumors and reduced patient survival. Furthermore, single-nucleotide polymorphisms of VDR and the vitamin D-binding protein (VDP) genes affect melanomagenesis or disease outcome. Clinicopathological analyses have shown positive correlation between low or undetectable expression of VDR and/or CYP27B1 in melanoma with tumor progression and shorter overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) times. Paradoxically, this correlation was reversed for CYP24A1 (inactivating 24-hydroxylase), indicating that this enzyme, while inactivating 1,25(OH)2D3, can activate other forms of D3 that are products of the non-canonical pathway initiated by CYP11A1. An inverse correlation has been found between the levels of RORα and RORγ expression and melanoma progression and disease outcome. Therefore, we propose that defects in vitamin D signaling including D3 activation/inactivation, and the expression and activity of the corresponding receptors, affect melanoma progression and the outcome of the disease. The existence of multiple bioactive forms of D3 and alternative receptors affecting the behavior of melanoma should be taken into consideration when applying vitamin D management for melanoma therapy.
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7
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Gromowski T, Gapska P, Scott RJ, Kąklewski K, Marciniak W, Durda K, Lener M, Górski B, Cybulski C, Sukiennicki G, Kaczmarek K, Jaworska-Bieniek K, Paszkowska-Szczur K, Waloszczyk P, Lubiński J, Dębniak T. Serum 25(OH)D concentration, common variants of the VDR gene and lung cancer occurrence. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:336-341. [PMID: 28411367 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The first aim of our study was to examine the association between common variants in VDR [rs2228570 (FokI), rs1544410 (BsmI), rs7975232 (ApaI), rs731236 (TaqI) and rs11568820 (Cdx2)] and lung cancer risk in the Polish population. Genotyping and statistical analysis which included Chi-square test with Yates correction and haplotype frequency analysis were performed on a series of 840 consecutively collected lung cancer patients and 920 healthy controls. The second aim was to evaluate the link between serum 25(OH)D concentration and the number of lung cancers in a subgroup of 200 patients. A separate control group that consisted of 400 matched (by age, sex, smoking habits and the season of blood collection) healthy individuals was used to avoid posterior adjustment on the matched variables. Statistical analysis with the use of Chi-square test with Yates was performed. We found no statistically significant difference in the distribution of the allels of studied VDR variants among cases and controls. A statistically significant over-representation of VDR haplotypes: rs731236_A + rs1544410_T [odds ratio (OR) = 2.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11-5.32, p < 0.001], rs731236_G + rs1544410_T (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.31-1.81, p < 0.001) and rs731236_G + rs1544410_C (OR = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.03-0.07, p < 0.001) was detected. We found a tendency toward an increased number of lung cancers among individuals with low serum levels of 25(OH)D. To answer the question, whether VDR can be regarded as lung cancer susceptibility gene and low 25(OH)D serum levels is associated with lung cancer occurrences, additional, multicenter study needs to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Gromowski
- Departmentof Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paulina Gapska
- Departmentof Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Discipline of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Krzysztof Kąklewski
- Departmentof Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Durda
- Departmentof Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin Lener
- Departmentof Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bohdan Górski
- Departmentof Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Departmentof Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Sukiennicki
- Departmentof Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kaczmarek
- Departmentof Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaworska-Bieniek
- Departmentof Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Paszkowska-Szczur
- Departmentof Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Jan Lubiński
- Departmentof Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Read-Gene S.A., Grzepnica, Dobra Szczecińska, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Dębniak
- Departmentof Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Cauci S, Maione V, Buligan C, Linussio M, Serraino D, Stinco G. BsmI (rs1544410) and FokI (rs2228570) vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, smoking, and body mass index as risk factors of cutaneous malignant melanoma in northeast Italy. Cancer Biol Med 2017; 14:302-318. [PMID: 28884047 PMCID: PMC5570607 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2017.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective : To investigate whether vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) BsmI-rs1544410 and FokI-rs2228570 polymorphisms, smoking duration, and body mass index (BMI) are risk factors for cutaneous melanoma, especially metastatic melanoma.
Methods : We studied 120 cutaneous melanoma cases [68 stage I and II non-metastatic melanoma (NMetM) patients, plus 52 Stage III and IV metastatic melanoma (MetM) patients], and 120 matching healthy controls from northeast Italy. VDR polymorphisms were measured by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Absence or presence of BsmI and FokI restriction sites was denoted by " B” and " F” or by " b” and " f,” respectively.
Results : VDR-BsmI bb genotype was more frequent among MetM (32.7%) than among NMetM cases (13.2%), with odds ratio (OR)=3.18. Comparison of all melanoma patients vs healthy controls showed that the following biomarkers were at risk: ≥20 years of smoking (OR=2.43); ≥20 years of smoking combined with bb (OR=4.78), Bb+bb (OR=2.30), Ff (OR=3.04), and Ff+ff (OR=3.08); obesity (BMI>30 kg/m2) alone (OR=3.54); and obesity combined with Bb+bb (OR=3.52), Ff (OR=4.78), and Ff+ff (OR=6.56). Comparison of MetM vs NMetM patients revealed that the following biomarkers were at risk: ≥20 years of smoking (OR=2.39), ≥20 years of smoking combined with bb (OR=5.13), Bb+bb (OR=3.07), and Ff+ff (OR=2.66); and obesity combined with Bb+bb (OR=5.27), Ff (OR=6.28), and Ff+ff (OR=9.18). Triple combination of ≥20 years of smoking, obesity, and Bb+bb yielded OR=9.65 for melanoma patients vs healthy controls and OR=12.2 for MetM vs. NMetM patients.
Conclusions : Risk factors for cutaneous MetM include two VDR polymorphisms combined with smoking duration and obesity. Results suggest gene-environment implications in melanoma susceptibility and severity. Future studies in larger cohorts and in subjects with different genetic background are warranted to extend our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Cauci
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Maione
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Cinzia Buligan
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy.,Dermatology Clinic University Hospital of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | | | - Diego Serraino
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Stinco
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy.,Dermatology Clinic University Hospital of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
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Meta-analysis on vitamin D receptor and cancer risk: focus on the role of TaqI, ApaI, and Cdx2 polymorphisms. Eur J Cancer Prev 2016; 25:85-96. [PMID: 25738688 PMCID: PMC4885539 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D plays a significant role in our health, including cancer incidence and mortality. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may affect its activity, influencing the risk of cancer. Several studies have investigated VDR SNPs, but the association with the risk of cancer is controversial. Here, we present a meta-analysis to assess the association of TaqI, ApaI, and Cdx2 SNPs with the risk of cancer. A systematic literature search was performed following a predefined protocol and using validated search strategies. This meta-analysis shows the summary odd ratio (SOR) overall, by cancer sites and by ethnicity. Up to January 2014, we identified 73 independent studies with 35 525 cases and 38 675 controls. The meta-analysis of Cdx2 gg versus GG showed a significant 12% increased risk for all cancers [SOR=1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00–1.25]. The other SNPs analyzed did not show an overall significant association with the risk of cancer: SOR=0.98 (95% CI: 0.90–1.07) and 1.06 (95% CI: 0.95–1.19) for TaqI tt versus TT and ApaI aa versus AA, respectively. TaqI shows a significant 43% increased risk for colorectal cancer (SOR=1.43; 95% CI: 1.30–1.58 for tt vs. TT). Strong frequency variations are present among different ethnic groups. This meta-analysis showed an overall increased risk of cancer associated with Cdx2 SNP and a specific higher risk of colorectal cancer associated with the TaqI polymorphism. The VDR genotype might become more relevant when clustered in a specific haplotype, associated with other SNPs of genes involved in vitamin D metabolism, or for specific tumors and/or patient characteristics.
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10
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Variants Fok1 and Bsm1 on VDR are associated with the melanoma risk: evidence from the published epidemiological studies. BMC Genet 2015; 16:14. [PMID: 25887475 PMCID: PMC4342192 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The vitamin D receptor (VDR) mediates the major cellular activities of vitamin D and regulates various signaling pathways implicated in cancer development and progression. VDR variants have been found associated with the risk of developing melanoma; however, previous epidemiological studies are inconsistent. We have systematically reviewed the published epidemiological literature and conducted a meta-analysis to assess associations between common VDR variants and melanoma risk. Results We identified 10 eligible studies that evaluated six VDR variants (Apa1, Bsm1, Cdx2, EcoRV, Fok1, and Taq1) in a total of 4,961 melanoma patients and 4,605 controls. The pooled estimates identified two variants—Fok1 and Bsm1—as significantly associated with melanoma risk, but not for the other four variants Apa1, Cdx2, EcorV and Taq1. For Fok1, the pooled OR was 1.18 (95% CI = 1.06-1.30; I2 = 22%) for Ff vs. FF and 1.19 (95% CI = 1.01-1.41; I2 = 0%) for ff vs. FF. The dominant genetic model suggested the allele f carriers showed an 18% (pooled OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.07-1.29; I2 = 0%) increased risk for melanoma compared to homozygote FF. In contrast, the Bsm1 was found to be associated with a decreased risk for melanoma with the pooled OR was 0.85 (95% CI = 0.76-0.95; I2 = 0%) for Bb vs. bb and 0.83 (95% CI = 0.68-1.00; I2 = 28%) for BB vs. bb. Under the dominant genetic model, a 15% (pooled OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.76-0.94; I2 = 0%) decrease of melanoma risk was found for those with BB or Bb genotype compared to those of bb genotype. Conclusions The VDR variants Fok1 and Bsm1 may influence the susceptibility to developing melanoma, though further studies are needed to verify these conclusions.
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11
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Denzer N, Vogt T, Reichrath J. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and skin cancer. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/derm.16519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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12
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Gnagnarella P, Pasquali E, Serrano D, Raimondi S, Disalvatore D, Gandini S. Vitamin D receptor polymorphism FokI and cancer risk: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1913-9. [PMID: 25053622 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies investigated the associations of VDR polymorphisms with various types of cancer, suggesting an influence on cancer risk. FokI is one of the most frequently analysed polymorphisms but the results from single studies are contradictory. We performed a meta-analysis looking at the association between the FokI and all cancer sites and investigating sources of heterogeneity. We identified 77 independent studies up to April 2014. We presented the summary odds ratios (SORs) by cancer sites, ethnicity and study features. We found a significant association between FokI and ovarian cancer for ff genotype versus FF with no heterogeneity: SOR = 1.20 (95% CI: 1.02-1.41, I (2) = 0%). Moreover, we found a significant increased risk of any cancer: SOR = 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01-1.16, I (2) = 58%). A significant increased risk of any cancer is confirmed among Caucasian, among studies in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and nested case-control studies. Furthermore, among studies in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, skin cancer was found significantly associated with FokI: SOR = 1.24 (95% CI: 1.01-1.54; I (2) = 24%) for ff versus FF. The estimated number of cases attributable to ff genotype is 4221 for ovarian cancer and 52858 for skin cancer worldwide each year. No indication for publication bias was found for any cancer site. In conclusion, we found an overall significant association of FokI polymorphism with any cancer, with differential effect by ethnicity. In particular, the summary estimates indicate an increase risk for ovarian and skin cancer for ff versus FF. However, other factors may act modifying the association, and further studies are needed to clarify the impact on cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Gnagnarella
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Elena Pasquali
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Davide Serrano
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Davide Disalvatore
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20141, Italy
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Raimondi S, Pasquali E, Gnagnarella P, Serrano D, Disalvatore D, Johansson HA, Gandini S. BsmI polymorphism of vitamin D receptor gene and cancer risk: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Mutat Res 2014; 769:17-34. [PMID: 25771722 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The VDR gene is an important regulator of the vitamin D pathway, and the role of some of its polymorphisms on cancer risk was previously investigated. A trend of cancer risk reduction with the VDR BsmI B allele was observed for many cancer sites. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to investigate the role of VDR BsmI polymorphism on cancer risk, even according to different ethnicities. Summary odds ratios (SORs) were calculated with random-effects models and maximum likelihood estimation. We categorized studies into three groups ("moderate", "high" and "very high confidence") according to departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in controls, reported minor allele frequency and genotyping quality controls. The meta-analysis included 73 studies with 45,218 cases and 52,057 controls. We found a significant 6-7% reduction of cancer risk at any site respectively for carriers of Bb genotype (SOR; 95%CI: 0.94; 0.90-0.99) and for carriers of BsmI BB genotype (SOR; 95%CI: 0.93; 0.89-0.98) compared to bb carriers, and they remain statistically significant when we restricted the analysis to at least "high confidence" studies. For skin cancer, a significant risk reduction was observed for Bb carriers (SOR; 95%CI: 0.86; 0.76-0.98). We also found a significant reduction of colorectal cancer risk for BB and Bb+BB genotypes carriers, but these SORs were no more significant when we restricted the analysis to studies with "high confidence". When the analysis was stratified by ethnicity, we still observed a significant decreased risk for both Bb and BB compared to bb genotype among Caucasians: SORs (95%CI) for any cancer site were 0.97 (0.93-1.00) and 0.95 (0.91-0.99), respectively. Among other ethnic groups the inverse association was still present, but did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, we suggest a weak effect of BsmI B allele in reducing cancer risk at any site, especially of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Raimondi
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy.
| | - Elena Pasquali
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gnagnarella
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Serrano
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Disalvatore
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Harriet A Johansson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
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14
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Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes and skin cancer risk in European population: a meta-analysis. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 306:545-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and esophageal cancer risk in a Chinese population: a negative study. Med Oncol 2014; 31:827. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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16
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Peña-Chilet M, Ibarrola-Villava M, Martin-González M, Feito M, Gomez-Fernandez C, Planelles D, Carretero G, Lluch A, Nagore E, Ribas G. rs12512631 on the group specific complement (vitamin D-binding protein GC) implicated in melanoma susceptibility. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59607. [PMID: 23544077 PMCID: PMC3609832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solar radiation should be avoided in melanoma patients. Nevertheless, this is the main means by which the body produces vitamin D. Evidence suggests a protective role against cancer for vitamin D. Since vitamin D performs its function by binding the receptor encoded by the vitamin D-receptor gene (VDR), most studies have focused on polymorphisms (SNPs) within this gene. However, the gene encoding the vitamin D-binding protein (GC) appears in recent studies as a major player in the role of a serum vitamin D level regulator and in Cutaneous Melanoma (CM) predisposition. METHODS We performed a case-control study of 12 polymorphisms on GC and 9 on VDR among 530 cases and 314 controls from Spanish population. RESULTS We found association between SNP rs12512631, located 3'downstream of GC, and risk of CM that seems to fit a dominant model (OR 1.63 95%CI 1.23-2.17 p-value 7×10(-4)). This association remained Bonferroni's correction and after adjustment for potential confounders (p-value 3×10(-3)) and even after increasing the sample size to 1729 individuals (p-value 0.0129). Moreover, we confirmed evidence of an association between CM susceptibility and the linkage disequilibrium block marked by tag-SNP rs222016 (p-value 0.032). This block covers the GC intron 1 region, with probable regulatory functions. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first vitamin D pathway-related polymorphism study in melanoma risk conducted in the Spanish population. Furthermore, we show an association between polymorphisms in GC and melanoma risk, confirming recent studies in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Peña-Chilet
- Medical Oncology and Haematology Unit, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Marta Feito
- Dermatology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Dolores Planelles
- Laboratory of Histocompatibility-Molecular Biology, Centre for Blood Transfusion, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gregorio Carretero
- Dermatology Department, Doctor Negrín Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- Medical Oncology and Haematology Unit, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- Dermatology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Ribas
- Medical Oncology and Haematology Unit, Health Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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17
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Ogbah Z, Visa L, Badenas C, Ríos J, Puig-Butille JA, Bonifaci N, Guino E, Augé JM, Kolm I, Carrera C, Pujana MÁ, Malvehy J, Puig S. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels and vitamin D receptor variants in melanoma patients from the Mediterranean area of Barcelona. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 14:26. [PMID: 23413917 PMCID: PMC3648347 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (Vitamin D) insufficiency and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on its receptor, Vitamin D receptor (VDR), have been reported to be involved in melanoma susceptibility in populations mostly from northern countries. OBJECTIVE To investigate 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels and VDR SNPs in melanoma patients from sunny area of Barcelona, two studies were carried out. The first study evaluated the levels of Vitamin D at time of melanoma diagnosis and the second one analyzed the association between VDR genetic variants and risk of having a high nevus number, the strongest phenotypic risk factor for melanoma. METHODS The levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in 81 melanoma patients at diagnosis were measured. In a second group of melanoma patients, including 150 with low and 113 with high nevus number, 11 VDR SNPs were analyzed for their association with nevus number. RESULTS In the first study, 68% of patients had insufficient levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (<25 ng/ml). Autumn-winter months and fair phototype were associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 insufficiency; after multivariate analysis, season of sampling remained the only independent predictor of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels. In the second study, VDR variant rs2189480 (P = 0.006) was associated with risk of high nevus number whereas rs2239179 (P = 0.044) and rs7975128 (P = 0.0005) were protective against high nevus number. After Bonferroni adjustment only rs7975128 remained significant. In stratified analysis, SNP rs7975128 was found protective against multiple melanomas (P = 0.021). CONCLUSION This study showed that even in Barcelona, a sunny Mediterranean area, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were sub-optimal in the majority of melanoma patients at diagnosis. The involvement of VDR in nevi and, in turn, in melanoma susceptibility has also been suggested. Larger studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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18
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Berwick M, Erdei EO. Vitamin D and melanoma incidence and mortality. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 26:9-15. [PMID: 22947439 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of vitamin D (25-OH-D, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D) and its potential confounders in relationship to melanoma risk and mortality is discussed. The paradox that ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is the major environmental risk factor for melanoma etiology as well as a major source of vitamin D might be explained by viewing vitamin D levels as the result of a healthy lifestyle rather than a cause of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Berwick
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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19
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Szyszka P, Zmijewski MA, Slominski AT. New vitamin D analogs as potential therapeutics in melanoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2012; 12:585-99. [PMID: 22594894 DOI: 10.1586/era.12.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extensive evidence shows that the active form of vitamin D3--1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3--plays an important role in cancer prevention, has tumorostatic activity and may potentially be used in therapy for melanoma. Vitamin D3 and its analogs (secosteroids) exert multiple effects on cancer cells, including inhibition of cell growth and induction of differentiation. Activity of secosteroids depends on multiple cellular factors, including expression of the vitamin D receptor. Despite its endogenous origin, the key drawback for the use of pharmacologically effective doses of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is its hypercalcemic effect leading to profound toxicity. The solution may lie in properties of vitamin D3 analogs with modified side chains, which demonstrate low calcemic activity but conserve the anti-tumor properties. Noncalcemic vitamin D compounds were found to be potent in multiple studies that mandate further clinical testing. Finally, recent studies revealed alternative metabolic pathways for secosteroids and new targets in the cells, which opens up new therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Szyszka
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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20
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Raimondi S, Gandini S, Fargnoli MC, Bagnardi V, Maisonneuve P, Specchia C, Kumar R, Nagore E, Han J, Hansson J, Kanetsky PA, Ghiorzo P, Gruis NA, Dwyer T, Blizzard L, Fernandez-de-Misa R, Branicki W, Debniak T, Morling N, Landi MT, Palmieri G, Ribas G, Stratigos A, Cornelius L, Motokawa T, Anno S, Helsing P, Wong TH, Autier P, García-Borrón JC, Little J, Newton-Bishop J, Sera F, Liu F, Kayser M, Nijsten T. Melanocortin-1 receptor, skin cancer and phenotypic characteristics (M-SKIP) project: study design and methods for pooling results of genetic epidemiological studies. BMC Med Res Methodol 2012; 12:116. [PMID: 22862891 PMCID: PMC3502117 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-12-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For complex diseases like cancer, pooled-analysis of individual data represents a powerful tool to investigate the joint contribution of genetic, phenotypic and environmental factors to the development of a disease. Pooled-analysis of epidemiological studies has many advantages over meta-analysis, and preliminary results may be obtained faster and with lower costs than with prospective consortia. Design and methods Based on our experience with the study design of the Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene, SKin cancer and Phenotypic characteristics (M-SKIP) project, we describe the most important steps in planning and conducting a pooled-analysis of genetic epidemiological studies. We then present the statistical analysis plan that we are going to apply, giving particular attention to methods of analysis recently proposed to account for between-study heterogeneity and to explore the joint contribution of genetic, phenotypic and environmental factors in the development of a disease. Within the M-SKIP project, data on 10,959 skin cancer cases and 14,785 controls from 31 international investigators were checked for quality and recoded for standardization. We first proposed to fit the aggregated data with random-effects logistic regression models. However, for the M-SKIP project, a two-stage analysis will be preferred to overcome the problem regarding the availability of different study covariates. The joint contribution of MC1R variants and phenotypic characteristics to skin cancer development will be studied via logic regression modeling. Discussion Methodological guidelines to correctly design and conduct pooled-analyses are needed to facilitate application of such methods, thus providing a better summary of the actual findings on specific fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Raimondi
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ramusio 1, Milan, 20141, Italy.
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21
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Schäfer A, Emmert S, Kruppa J, Schubert S, Tzvetkov M, Mössner R, Reich K, Berking C, Volkenandt M, Pföhler C, Schön MP, Vogt T, König IR, Reichrath J. No association of vitamin D metabolism-related polymorphisms and melanoma risk as well as melanoma prognosis: a case-control study. Arch Dermatol Res 2012; 304:353-61. [PMID: 22576141 PMCID: PMC3382284 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive human cancers. The vitamin D system contributes to the pathogenesis and prognosis of malignancies including cutaneous melanoma. An expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and an anti-proliferative effect of vitamin D in melanocytes and melanoma cells have been shown in vitro. Studies examining associations of polymorphisms in genes coding for vitamin D metabolism-related proteins (1α-hydroxylase [CYP27B1], 1,25(OH)2D-24hydroxylase [CYP24A1], vitamin D-binding protein [VDBP]) and cancer risk are scarce, especially with respect to melanoma. Mainly VDR polymorphisms regarding melanoma risk and prognosis were examined although other vitamin D metabolism-related genes may also be crucial. In our hospital-based case–control study including 305 melanoma patients and 370 healthy controls single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes CYP27B1 (rs4646536), CYP24A1 (rs927650), VDBP (rs1155563, rs7041), and VDR (rs757343, rs731236, rs2107301, rs7975232) were analyzed for their association with melanoma risk and prognosis. Except VDR rs731236 and VDR rs2107301, the other six polymorphisms have not been analyzed regarding melanoma before. To further improve the prevention as well as the treatment of melanoma, it is important to identify further genetic markers for melanoma risk as well as prognosis in addition to the crude phenotypic, demographic, and environmental markers used in the clinic today. A panel of genetic risk markers could help to better identify individuals at risk for melanoma development or worse prognosis. We, however, found that none of the polymorphisms tested was associated with melanoma risk as well as prognosis in logistic and linear regression models in our study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Schäfer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Georg August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Georg August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Kruppa
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig–Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Maria-Goeppert-Straße 1, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Steffen Schubert
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Georg August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mladen Tzvetkov
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Georg August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rotraut Mössner
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Georg August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kristian Reich
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Georg August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Dermatologikum Hamburg, Stephansplatz 5, 20354 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Frauenlobstrasse 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Volkenandt
- Dermatologikum Hamburg, Stephansplatz 5, 20354 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Frauenlobstrasse 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Pföhler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Clinic Saarland, Building 18, 66041 Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael P. Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Georg August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Clinic Saarland, Building 18, 66041 Homburg, Germany
| | - Inke R. König
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig–Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Maria-Goeppert-Straße 1, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Reichrath
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Clinic Saarland, Building 18, 66041 Homburg, Germany
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Denzer N, Vogt T, Reichrath J. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and skin cancer: A systematic review. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2011. [PMID: 22110781 DOI: 10.4161/derm.3.3.16519.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common cancer in humans. There are several types of skin cancer that include basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and malignant melanoma (MM). The associations of vDr polymorphisms with skin cancer risk are not well characterized so far. Only a few epidemiologic studies have directly addressed the relationship between VDR polymorphisms and the incidence and prognosis of MM. To make the most of the available information on VDR polymorphisms and skin cancer (MM, BCC and SCC), we undertook a systematic review of published studies. In conclusion, data summarized in this review support the concept that the vitamin D endocrine system (VDES) is of importance for pathogenesis and progression of MM and other types of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Denzer
- Department of Dermatology; The Saarland University Hospital; Homburg, Germany
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23
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Denzer N, Vogt T, Reichrath J. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and skin cancer: A systematic review. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2011; 3:205-10. [PMID: 22110781 DOI: 10.4161/derm.3.3.16519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common cancer in humans. There are several types of skin cancer that include basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and malignant melanoma (MM). The associations of vDr polymorphisms with skin cancer risk are not well characterized so far. Only a few epidemiologic studies have directly addressed the relationship between VDR polymorphisms and the incidence and prognosis of MM. To make the most of the available information on VDR polymorphisms and skin cancer (MM, BCC and SCC), we undertook a systematic review of published studies. In conclusion, data summarized in this review support the concept that the vitamin D endocrine system (VDES) is of importance for pathogenesis and progression of MM and other types of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Denzer
- Department of Dermatology; The Saarland University Hospital; Homburg, Germany
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24
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Mandelcorn-Monson R, Marrett L, Kricker A, Armstrong BK, Orlow I, Goumas C, Paine S, Rosso S, Thomas N, Millikan RC, Pole JD, Cotignola J, Rosen C, Kanetsky PA, Lee-Taylor J, Begg CB, Berwick M. Sun exposure, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms FokI and BsmI and risk of multiple primary melanoma. Cancer Epidemiol 2011; 35:e105-10. [PMID: 21612999 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunlight exposure increases risk of melanoma. Sunlight also potentiates cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D, which can inhibit melanoma cell growth and promote apoptosis. Vitamin D effects are mediated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). We hypothesized that genetic variation in VDR affects the relationship of sun exposure to risk of a further melanoma in people who have already had one. METHODS We investigated the interaction between VDR polymorphisms and sun exposure in a population-based multinational study comparing 1138 patients with a multiple (second or subsequent) primary melanoma (cases) to 2151 patients with a first primary melanoma (controls); essentially a case-control study of melanoma in a population of melanoma survivors. Sun exposure was assessed using a questionnaire and interview, and was shown to be associated with multiple primary melanoma. VDR was genotyped at the FokI and BsmI loci and the main effects of variants at these loci and their interactions with sun exposure were analyzed. RESULTS Only the BsmI variant was associated with multiple primary melanoma (OR=1.27, 95% CI 0.99-1.62 for the homozygous variant genotype). Joint effects analyses showed highest ORs in the high exposure, homozygous variant BsmI genotype category for each sun exposure variable. Stratified analyses showed somewhat higher ORs for the homozygous BsmI variant genotype in people with high sun exposure than with low sun exposure. P values for interaction, however, were high. CONCLUSION These results suggest that risk of multiple primary melanoma is increased in people who have the BsmI variant of VDR.
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25
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Orlow I, Roy P, Reiner AS, Yoo S, Patel H, Paine S, Armstrong BK, Kricker A, Marrett LD, Millikan RC, Thomas NE, Gruber SB, Anton-Culver H, Rosso S, Gallagher RP, Dwyer T, Kanetsky PA, Busam K, From L, Begg CB, Berwick M. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms in patients with cutaneous melanoma. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:405-18. [PMID: 21365644 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene has been associated with cancer risk, but only a few polymorphisms have been studied in relation to melanoma risk and the results have been inconsistent. We examined 38 VDR gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a large international multicenter population-based case-control study of melanoma. Buccal DNAs were obtained from 1,207 people with incident multiple primary melanoma and 2,469 with incident single primary melanoma. SNPs with known or suspected impact on VDR activity, haplotype tagging SNPs with ≥ 10% minor allele frequency in Caucasians, and SNPs reported as significant in other association studies were examined. Logistic regression was used to calculate the relative risks conferred by the individual SNP. Eight of 38 SNPs in the promoter, coding, and 3' gene regions were individually significantly associated with multiple primary melanoma after adjusting for covariates. The estimated increase in risk for individuals who were homozygous for the minor allele ranged from 25 to 33% for six polymorphisms: rs10875712 (odds ratios [OR] 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.62), rs4760674 (OR 1.33; 95% CI, 1.06-1.67), rs7139166 (OR 1.26; 95%CI, 1.02-1.56), rs4516035 (OR 1.25; 95%CI, 1.01-1.55), rs11168287 (OR 1.27; 95%CI, 1.03-1.57) and rs1544410 (OR 1.30; 95%CI, 1.04-1.63); for two polymorphisms, homozygous carriers had a decreased risk: rs7305032 (OR 0.81; 95%CI 0.65-1.02) and rs7965281 (OR, 0.78; 95%CI, 0.62-0.99). We recognize the potential false positive findings because of multiple comparisons; however, the eight significant SNPs in our study outnumbered the two significant tests expected to occur by chance. The VDR may play a role in melanomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Zhou J, Enewold L, Zahm SH, Devesa SS, Anderson WF, Potter JF, McGlynn KA, Zhu K. Melanoma incidence rates among whites in the U.S. Military. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 20:318-23. [PMID: 21148122 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The U.S. Military and general populations may differ in the exposure to sunlight and other risk factors for melanoma and therefore the incidence rates of melanoma may be different in these two populations. However, few studies have compared melanoma incidence rates and trends over time between the military and the general population. METHODS Melanoma incidence rates from 1990 to 2004 among white active-duty military personnel and the general U.S. population were compared using data from the Department of Defense Automated Central Tumor Registry and the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. RESULTS Age-adjusted melanoma rates overall were significantly lower in the military than in the general population; the incidence rate ratio was 0.75 for men and 0.56 for women. Age-specific rates, however, were significantly lower among individuals younger than 45 years, but significantly higher among those 45 years or older (P < 0.05). Melanoma incidence increased from 1990-1994 to 2000-2004 in both populations, with the most rapid increase (40%) among younger men in the military. Melanoma incidence rates also varied by branch of military service; rates were highest in the air force. CONCLUSION These results suggest that melanoma incidence rate patterns differ between the military and the general population. IMPACT Further studies of risk factors for melanoma in the military are needed to explain these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- United States Military Cancer Institute, Washington, District of Columbia 20307, USA
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