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Buja A, De Luca G, Zorzi M, Bovo E, Mocellin S, Trevisiol C, Bronte V, Guzzinati S, Rugge M. Thirty-two-year trends of cancer incidence by sex and cancer site in the Veneto Region from 1987 to 2019. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1267534. [PMID: 38259775 PMCID: PMC10800396 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1267534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This observational study considers the sex-specific incidence of the most incident cancers as recorded in the population-based Veneto Regional Cancer Registry over a period of more than 30 years (1987-2019). Methods The Veneto Regional Cancer Registry collected data for the time interval 1987-2019. Significant changes in incidence trends calculated on age-standardized incidence rates (Annual Percent Change-APC) were identified by join point regression analysis. Results Overall, the incidence trend for all cancers decreased in males and remained stable in females. In nine cancer sites, the incidence trends showed consistent differences by sex (oral cavity, esophagus, colon rectum and anus, liver, larynx, lung, cutaneous malignant melanoma, bladder, and thyroid gland). Other malignancies did not show significant sex-related differences (stomach, pancreas, biliary tract, kidney/urinary tract, central nervous system, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and leukemia). Conclusion In the period 1987-2019, this study revealed sex-related differences in cancer incidence trends. Over time, cancer incidence remained higher in males, with a decreasing epidemiological impact, plausibly resulting from prevention campaigns against environmental cancer risk factors, as tobacco and alcohol. Conversely, a significant decrease was not observed in the incidence trend in females. These findings contribute essential insights for profiling the epidemiological map of cancer in a large Italian population, allowing comparison with other European cancer epidemiology studies and providing updated data supporting sex-related primary and secondary cancer prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Buja
- Department of Cardiological, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Luca
- Department of Cardiological, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Manuel Zorzi
- Veneto Tumour Registry, Azienda Zero, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Simone Mocellin
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum, and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV – IRCCS, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology – DISCOG, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Trevisiol
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum, and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV – IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Massimo Rugge
- Veneto Tumour Registry, Azienda Zero, Padua, Italy
- Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Incidence trends for twelve cancers in younger adults-a rapid review. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1374-1386. [PMID: 35132237 PMCID: PMC9090760 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancer referral guidelines use patient’s age as a key criterium to decide who should be referred urgently. A recent rise in the incidence of colorectal cancer in younger adults has been described in high-income countries worldwide. Information on other cancers is more limited. The aim of this rapid review was to determine whether other cancers are also increasing in younger age groups, as this may have important implications for prioritising patients for investigation and referral. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science for studies describing age-related incidence trends for colorectal, bladder, lung, oesophagus, pancreas, stomach, breast, ovarian, uterine, kidney and laryngeal cancer and myeloma. ‘Younger’ patients were defined based on NICE guidelines for cancer referral. Ninety-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings show that the incidence of colorectal, breast, kidney, pancreas, uterine cancer is increasing in younger age groups, whilst the incidence of lung, laryngeal and bladder cancer is decreasing. Data for oesophageal, stomach, ovarian cancer and myeloma were inconclusive. Overall, this review provides evidence that some cancers are increasingly being diagnosed in younger age groups, although the mechanisms remain unclear. Cancer investigation and referral guidelines may need updating in light of these trends.
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Mariné Barjoan E, Doulet N, Chaarana A, Festraëts J, Viot A, Ambrosetti D, Lasalle JL, Mounier N, Bailly L, Pradier C. Cancer incidence in the vicinity of a waste incineration plant in the Nice area between 2005 and 2014. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109681. [PMID: 32562946 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies on cancer incidence have been conducted since the adoption of the EU 2000/76/EC waste incineration directive which aimed to limit dioxin emission levels to less than 0.1 ng TEQ/m3 before December 31, 2005. OBJECTIVE To measure cancer incidence among the population exposed to atmospheric emissions from the waste incineration plant near the town of Nice (South-Eastern France), compared to the unexposed population of the Alpes-Maritimes department (A-M). METHODS All primary invasive cancers and haematological malignancies diagnosed among AM residents between 2005 and 2014 were recorded. The exposed surface was modeled on an average dioxin deposition model ≥4.25 ng/m2/year. Each case was geolocated and assigned to one of 36 predefined geographic units of exposed area, or one of 462 units in the unexposed area. The adjusted incidence rate, the standardized incidence ratio and the Comparative Morbidity Figure were calculated for two periods: 2005-2009/2010-2014. RESULTS We recorded 80,865 new cancers in the A-M population. Between 2005 and 2009, we observed a higher incidence among exposed women of acute myeloid leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloma and, among exposed men, of soft tissue sarcomas, myeloma and lung cancer. Between 2010 and 2014, there was no excess incidence among women, while among men incidence of myeloma and lung cancer remained higher. CONCLUSION Only among men, the incidence of myeloma and lung cancer remained higher in the exposed area during the second period. The EU directive resulting in the limitation of atmospheric emissions from incinerators could explain the decrease in incidence of cancers with protracted latency. Consideration of other risk factors and further data collection will be necessary to validate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugènia Mariné Barjoan
- Université Côte d'Azur, Public Health Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, France.
| | - Nadège Doulet
- Université Côte d'Azur, Public Health Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, France
| | - Amel Chaarana
- Université Côte d'Azur, Public Health Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, France
| | - Julie Festraëts
- Université Côte d'Azur, Public Health Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, France
| | - Agnès Viot
- Université Côte d'Azur, Public Health Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, France
| | - Damien Ambrosetti
- Université Côte d'Azur, Anatomo-Pathology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, France; Centre de Regroupement Informatique et Statistique en Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique (CRISAP PACA), France
| | - Jean-Luc Lasalle
- Santé Publique France, Regional Office Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur and Corsica, France
| | - Nicolas Mounier
- Université Côte d'Azur, Clinical Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, France
| | - Laurent Bailly
- Université Côte d'Azur, Public Health Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, France
| | - Christian Pradier
- Université Côte d'Azur, Public Health Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, France
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Olié V, Pasquereau A, Assogba FAG, Arwidson P, Nguyen-Thanh V, Chatignoux E, Gabet A, Delmas MC, Bonaldi C. Changes in tobacco-related morbidity and mortality in French women: worrying trends. Eur J Public Health 2020; 30:380-385. [PMID: 31711145 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of smoking among French women since the 1970s has been reflected over the past decade by a strong impact on the health of women. This paper describes age and gender differences in France of the impact of smoking on morbidity and mortality trends since the 2000s. METHODS Smoking prevalence trends were based on estimates from national surveys from 1974 to 2017. Lung cancer incidence were estimated from 2002-12 cancer registry data. Morbidity data for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation and myocardial infarction were assessed through hospital admissions data, 2002-15. For each disease, number of deaths between 2000 and 2014 came from the national database on medical causes of death. The tobacco-attributable mortality (all causes) was obtained using a population-attributable fraction methodology. RESULTS The incidence of lung cancer and COPD increased by 72% and 100%, respectively, among women between 2002 and 2015. For myocardial infarction before the age of 65, the incidence increased by 50% between 2002 and 2015 in women vs. 16% in men and the highest increase was observed in women of 45-64-year-olds. Mortality from lung cancer and COPD increased by 71% and 3%, respectively, among women. The estimated number of women who died as a result of smoking has more than doubled between 2000 and 2014 (7% vs. 3% of all deaths). CONCLUSIONS The increase in the prevalence of smoking among women has a major impact on the morbidity and mortality of tobacco-related diseases in women and will continue to increase for a number of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Olié
- Santé Publique France, The National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Anne Pasquereau
- Santé Publique France, The National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Frank A G Assogba
- Santé Publique France, The National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Pierre Arwidson
- Santé Publique France, The National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Viet Nguyen-Thanh
- Santé Publique France, The National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Edouard Chatignoux
- Santé Publique France, The National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Amélie Gabet
- Santé Publique France, The National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | | | - Christophe Bonaldi
- Santé Publique France, The National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
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Abstract
While lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer-related deaths for many years in the United States, incidence and mortality statistics - among other measures - vary widely worldwide. The aim of this study was to review the evidence on lung cancer epidemiology, including data of international scope with comparisons of economically, socially, and biologically different patient groups. In industrialized nations, evolving social and cultural smoking patterns have led to rising or plateauing rates of lung cancer in women, lagging the long-declining smoking and cancer incidence rates in men. In contrast, emerging economies vary widely in smoking practices and cancer incidence but commonly also harbor risks from environmental exposures, particularly widespread air pollution. Recent research has also revealed clinical, radiologic, and pathologic correlates, leading to greater knowledge in molecular profiling and targeted therapeutics, as well as an emphasis on the rising incidence of adenocarcinoma histology. Furthermore, emergent evidence about the benefits of lung cancer screening has led to efforts to identify high-risk smokers and development of prediction tools. This review also includes a discussion on the epidemiologic characteristics of special groups including women and nonsmokers. Varying trends in smoking largely dictate international patterns in lung cancer incidence and mortality. With declining smoking rates in developed countries and knowledge gains made through molecular profiling of tumors, the emergence of new risk factors and disease features will lead to changes in the landscape of lung cancer epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Barta
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, US
| | - Charles A. Powell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, US
| | - Juan P. Wisnivesky
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, US
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, US
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Age-period-cohort (APC) models simultaneously estimate the effects of age - biological process of aging; time period - secular trends that occur in all ages simultaneously; and birth cohort - variation among those born around the same year or from one generation to the next. APC models inform understanding of cancer etiology, natural history, and disparities. We reviewed findings from recent studies (published 2008-2018) examining age, period, and cohort effects and summarized trends in age-standardized rates and age-specific rates by birth cohort. We also described prevalence of cancer risk factors by time period and birth cohort, including obesity, current smoking, human papilloma virus (HPV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). RECENT FINDINGS Studies (n=29) used a variety of descriptive analyses and statistical models to document age, period, and cohort trends in cancer-related outcomes. Cohort effects predominated, particularly in breast, bladder, and colorectal cancers, whereas period effects were more variable. No effect of time period was observed in studies of breast, bladder, and oral cavity cancers. Age-specific prevalence of obesity, current smoking, HPV, and HCV also varied by birth cohort, which generally paralleled cancer incidence and mortality rates. SUMMARY We observed strong cohort effects across multiple cancer types and less consistent evidence supporting the effect of time period. Birth cohort effects point to exposures early in life - or accumulated across the life course - that increase risk of cancer. Birth cohort effects also illustrate the importance of reconsidering the timing and duration of well-established risk factors to identify periods of exposure conferring the greatest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin C. Murphy
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Yang Claire Yang
- Department of Sociology, Lineberger Cancer Center, and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Szyfter K, Napierala M, Florek E, Braakhuis BJM, Takes RP, Rodrigo JP, Rinaldo A, Silver CE, Ferlito A. Molecular and health effects in the upper respiratory tract associated with tobacco smoking other than cigarettes. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:2635-2643. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Napierala
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of ToxicologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | - Ewa Florek
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of ToxicologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | | | - Robert P. Takes
- International Head & Neck Scientific Group Padua Italy
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical CentreRadboud Institute for Health Sciences Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Juan P. Rodrigo
- International Head & Neck Scientific Group Padua Italy
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, IUOPAUniversity of Oviedo, CIBERONC Oviedo Spain
| | - Alessandra Rinaldo
- International Head & Neck Scientific Group Padua Italy
- Department of OtolaryngologyUniversity of Udine School of Medicine Udine Italy
| | - Carl E. Silver
- International Head & Neck Scientific Group Padua Italy
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix AZ
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head & Neck Scientific Group Padua Italy
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Pérol O, Charbotel B, Perrier L, Bonnand S, Belladame E, Avrillon V, Rebattu P, Gomez F, Lauridant G, Pérol M, Fervers B. Systematic Screening for Occupational Exposures in Lung Cancer Patients: A Prospective French Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E65. [PMID: 29300325 PMCID: PMC5800164 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Occupational lung cancers are under-reported and under-compensated worldwide. We assessed systematic screening for occupational exposure to carcinogens combining a self-administered questionnaire and an occupational consultation to improve the detection of occupational lung cancers and their compensation. Social deprivation and the costs of this investigation were estimated. Patients with lung cancer received a self-administered questionnaire to collect their job history, potential exposure to carcinogens and deprivation. A physician assessed the questionnaire and recommended an occupational consultation if necessary. During the consultation, a physician assessed if the lung cancer was work-related and, if it was, delivered a medical certificate to claim for compensation. Over 18 months, 440 patients received the self-administered questionnaire: 234 returned a completed questionnaire and a consultation was required for 120 patients. Compensation was judged possible for 41 patients. Among the 35 medical certificates delivered, 19 patients received compensation. Nearly half the patients (46%) were assessed as socially deprived and these patients took significantly longer to return the questionnaire compared with those who were not deprived. The mean cost of the process was €62.65 per patient. Our results showed a systematic self-administered questionnaire can be used to identify patients potentially exposed to carcinogens and to improve compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Pérol
- Département Cancer et Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 69373 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - Barbara Charbotel
- Université Lyon 1, UMRESTTE (Unité Mixte IFSTTAR/UCBL), 69373 Lyon CEDEX 03, France.
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service des Maladies Professionnelles, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France.
| | - Lionel Perrier
- Université Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, GATE L-SE UMR 5824, F-69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Sandrine Bonnand
- Département Interdisciplinaire de soins de Support du Patient en Oncologie, Service Social, Centre Léon Bérard, 69373 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - Elodie Belladame
- Département Cancer et Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 69373 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - Virginie Avrillon
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Centre Léon Bérard, 69373 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - Paul Rebattu
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Centre Léon Bérard, 69373 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - Frédéric Gomez
- Département d'Information Médicale, Centre Léon Bérard, 69373 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - Géraldine Lauridant
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Centre Oscar Lambret, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Maurice Pérol
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Centre Léon Bérard, 69373 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - Beatrice Fervers
- Département Cancer et Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, 69373 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, F-69008 Lyon, France.
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Crocetti E, Dyba T, Martos C, Randi G, Rooney R, Bettio M. The need for a rapid and comprehensive adoption of the revised European standard population in cancer incidence comparisons. Eur J Cancer Prev 2017; 26:447-452. [PMID: 26919133 PMCID: PMC5553232 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As cancer incidence varies according to age, it is important to rule out differences in age structures in any comparison. A common way of adjusting for these differences is using direct age standardization, which applies age-specific weights from a standard population. Eurostat has recently introduced a revised European standard population (RESP). The effect of using the new standard, in comparison with that introduced in 1976 [European standard population (ESP)], is evaluated. Cancer incidence data for prostate and testis cancer for Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Iceland from the NORDCAN web site, and for Ireland and Italy-Genoa from Cancer Incidence in five Continents-X, were analyzed. Incidence rates were directly age standardized using ESP and RESP. The RESP conferred greater weight to adults and the elderly than the ESP. For prostate cancer, age-standardized rates computed with RESP are consistently higher by between 50 and 60% than those computed with ESP. However, the use of RESP, instead of ESP, has little impact on the pattern of time trends, the relative ranking of countries, the values of relative risks, or the percentage differences between age-standardized rates. For testis cancer, RESP and ESP provide very similar results because this cancer is more common in young men. Both ESP and RESP are in circulation. It is, therefore, important that European cancer registries reach consensus on a single standard to use to avoid erroneous comparisons of data computed with different standards. Given that Eurostat recently introduced RESP and is using this standard for data collected from the European Union Member States, it would make sense to rally behind RESP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Crocetti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Public Health and Policy Support, Ispra (Varese), Italy
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Ruseckaite R, Beckmann K, O'Callaghan M, Roder D, Moretti K, Zalcberg J, Millar J, Evans S. Development of South Australian-Victorian Prostate Cancer Health Outcomes Research Dataset. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:37. [PMID: 26801762 PMCID: PMC4724115 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-1855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed and prevalent malignancy reported to Australian cancer registries, with numerous studies from single institutions summarizing patient outcomes at individual hospitals or States. In order to provide an overview of patterns of care of men with prostate cancer across multiple institutions in Australia, a specialized dataset was developed. This dataset, containing amalgamated data from South Australian and Victorian prostate cancer registries, is called the South Australian-Victorian Prostate Cancer Health Outcomes Research Dataset (SA-VIC PCHORD). RESULTS A total of 13,598 de-identified records of men with prostate cancer diagnosed and consented between 2008 and 2013 in South Australia and Victoria were merged into the SA-VIC PCHORD. SA-VIC PCHORD contains detailed information about socio-demographic, diagnostic and treatment characteristics of patients with prostate cancer in South Australia and Victoria. Data from individual registries are available to researchers and can be accessed under individual data access policies in each State. CONCLUSIONS The SA-VIC PCHORD will be used for numerous studies summarizing trends in diagnostic characteristics, survival and patterns of care in men with prostate cancer in Victoria and South Australia. It is expected that in the future the SA-VIC PCHORD will become a principal component of the recently developed bi-national Australian and New Zealand Prostate Cancer Outcomes Registry to collect and report patterns of care and standardised patient reported outcome measures of men nation-wide in Australia and New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasa Ruseckaite
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Kerri Beckmann
- Centre for Population Health, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Michael O'Callaghan
- South Australian Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes Collaborative, Department of Urology, Repatriation General Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - David Roder
- Centre for Population Health, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Kim Moretti
- Centre for Population Health, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - John Zalcberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jeremy Millar
- William Buckland Radiation Oncology Department, the Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sue Evans
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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