1
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Cui Y, Auclair H, He R, Zhang Q. GPCR-mediated regulation of beige adipocyte formation: Implications for obesity and metabolic health. Gene 2024; 915:148421. [PMID: 38561165 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and its associated complications pose a significant burden on health. The non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) and metabolic capacity properties of brown adipose tissue (BAT), which are distinct from those of white adipose tissue (WAT), in combating obesity and its related metabolic diseases has been well documented. However, beige adipose tissue, the third and relatively novel type of adipose tissue, which emerges in extensive presence of WAT and shares similar favorable metabolic properties with BAT, has garnered considerable attention in recent years. In this review, we focused on the role of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest receptor family and the most successful class of drug targets in humans, in the induction of beige adipocytes. More importantly, we highlight researchers' clinical treatment attempts to ameliorate obesity and other related metabolic diseases through the formation and activation of beige adipose tissue. In summary, this review provides valuable insights into the formation of beige adipose tissue and the involvement of GPCRs, based on the latest advancements in scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxu Cui
- Animal Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hugo Auclair
- Faculty of Medicine, François-Rabelais University, Tours, France
| | - Rong He
- Animal Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Animal Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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2
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Yoshimoto T, Nishi M, Okikawa S, Yoshikawa K, Tokunaga T, Nakao T, Takasu C, Kashihara H, Wada Y, Noma T, Shimada M. Blue light irradiation inhibits the M2 polarization of the cancer-associated macrophages in colon cancer. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:664. [PMID: 38822331 PMCID: PMC11140893 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that blue light-emitting diode (LED) light has anti-tumor effects, suggesting the possibility of using visible light in cancer therapy. However, the effects of blue light irradiation on cells in the tumor microenvironment, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are unknown. Here, THP-1 cells were cultured in the conditioned medium (CM) of HCT-116 cells to prepare TAMs. TAMs were divided into LED-irradiated and control groups. Then, the effects of blue LED irradiation on TAM activation were examined. Expression levels of M2 macrophage markers CD163 and CD206 expression were significantly decreased in LED-irradiated TAMs compared with the control group. While control TAM-CM could induce HCT-116 cell migration, these effects were not observed in cells cultured in TAM-CM with LED irradiation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion was significantly suppressed in LED-exposed TAMs. PD-L1 expression was upregulated in HCT-116 cells cultured with TAM-CM but attenuated in cells cultured with LED-irradiated TAM-CM. In an in vivo model, protein expression levels of F4/80 and CD163, which are TAM markers, were reduced in the LED-exposed group. These results indicate that blue LED light may have an inhibitory effect on TAMs, as well as anti-tumor effects on colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Yoshimoto
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, 770-8503 Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Nishi
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, 770-8503 Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shohei Okikawa
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, 770-8503 Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kozo Yoshikawa
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, 770-8503 Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takuya Tokunaga
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, 770-8503 Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nakao
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, 770-8503 Tokushima, Japan
| | - Chie Takasu
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, 770-8503 Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hideya Kashihara
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, 770-8503 Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuma Wada
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, 770-8503 Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Noma
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, 770-8503 Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, 770-8503 Tokushima, Japan
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3
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Andrabi M, Upton BA, Lang RA, Vemaraju S. An Expanding Role for Nonvisual Opsins in Extraocular Light Sensing Physiology. Annu Rev Vis Sci 2023; 9:245-267. [PMID: 37196422 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-100820-094018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We live on a planet that is bathed in daily and seasonal sunlight cycles. In this context, terrestrial life forms have evolved mechanisms that directly harness light energy (plants) or decode light information for adaptive advantage. In animals, the main light sensors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors called opsins. Opsin function is best described for the visual sense. However, most animals also use opsins for extraocular light sensing for seasonal behavior and camouflage. While it has long been believed that mammals do not have an extraocular light sensing capacity, recent evidence suggests otherwise. Notably, encephalopsin (OPN3) and neuropsin (OPN5) are both known to mediate extraocular light sensing in mice. Examples of this mediation include photoentrainment of circadian clocks in skin (by OPN5) and acute light-dependent regulation of metabolic pathways (by OPN3 and OPN5). This review summarizes current findings in the expanding field of extraocular photoreception and their relevance for human physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutahar Andrabi
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; ,
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian A Upton
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; ,
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard A Lang
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; ,
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Shruti Vemaraju
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; ,
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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4
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Li S, Chen X, Chen J, Wu B, Liu J, Guo Y, Li M, Pu X. Multi-omics integration analysis of GPCRs in pan-cancer to uncover inter-omics relationships and potential driver genes. Comput Biol Med 2023; 161:106988. [PMID: 37201441 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest drug target family. Unfortunately, applications of GPCRs in cancer therapy are scarce due to very limited knowledge regarding their correlations with cancers. Multi-omics data enables systematic investigations of GPCRs, yet their effective integration remains a challenge due to the complexity of the data. Here, we adopt two types of integration strategies, multi-staged and meta-dimensional approaches, to fully characterize somatic mutations, somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs), DNA methylations, and mRNA expressions of GPCRs in 33 cancers. Results from the multi-staged integration reveal that GPCR mutations cannot well predict expression dysregulation. The correlations between expressions and SCNAs are primarily positive, while correlations of the methylations with expressions and SCNAs are bimodal with negative correlations predominating. Based on these correlations, 32 and 144 potential cancer-related GPCRs driven by aberrant SCNA and methylation are identified, respectively. In addition, the meta-dimensional integration analysis is carried out by using deep learning models, which predict more than one hundred GPCRs as potential oncogenes. When comparing results between the two integration strategies, 165 cancer-related GPCRs are common in both, suggesting that they should be prioritized in future studies. However, 172 GPCRs emerge in only one, indicating that the two integration strategies should be considered concurrently to complement the information missed by the other such that obtain a more comprehensive understanding. Finally, correlation analysis further reveals that GPCRs, in particular for the class A and adhesion receptors, are generally immune-related. In a whole, the work is for the first time to reveal the associations between different omics layers and highlight the necessity of combing the two strategies in identifying cancer-related GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Jianfang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Binjian Wu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Yanzhi Guo
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Menglong Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Xuemei Pu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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5
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Karthikeyan R, Davies WI, Gunhaga L. Non-image-forming functional roles of OPN3, OPN4 and OPN5 photopigments. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2023.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
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6
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Lan Y, Zeng W, Wang Y, Dong X, Shen X, Gu Y, Zhang W, Lu H. Opsin 3 mediates UVA-induced keratinocyte supranuclear melanin cap formation. Commun Biol 2023; 6:238. [PMID: 36869204 PMCID: PMC9984416 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04621-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced DNA damage is a major risk factor for skin cancer development. UV-induced redistribution of melanin near keratinocyte nuclei leads to the formation of a supranuclear cap, which acts as a natural sunscreen and protects DNA by absorbing and scattering UV radiation. However, the mechanism underlying the intracellular movement of melanin in nuclear capping is poorly understood. In this study, we found that OPN3 is an important photoreceptor in human epidermal keratinocytes and is critical for UVA-mediated supranuclear cap formation. OPN3 mediates supranuclear cap formation via the calcium-dependent G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway and ultimately upregulates Dync1i1 and DCTN1 expression in human epidermal keratinocytes via activating calcium/CaMKII, CREB, and Akt signal transduction. Together, these results clarify the role of OPN3 in regulating melanin cap formation in human epidermal keratinocytes, greatly expanding our understanding of the phototransduction mechanisms involved in physiological function in skin keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Lan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 550001, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 550001, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 550001, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Xian Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 550001, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 550001, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Yangguang Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 550001, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 550001, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongguang Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 550001, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China.
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7
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Guo XJ, Huang XY, Yang X, Lu JC, Wei CY, Gao C, Pei YZ, Chen Y, Sun QM, Cai JB, Zhou J, Fan J, Ke AW, Shi YG, Shen YH, Zhang PF, Shi GM, Yang GH. Loss of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine induces chemotherapy resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma via the 5-hmC/PCAF/AKT axis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:79. [PMID: 36732324 PMCID: PMC9895048 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is a major challenge in treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although recent studies have reported that the multidrug resistance phenotype is associated with abnormal DNA methylation in cancer cells, the epigenetic mechanism underlying multidrug resistance remains unknown. Here, we reported that the level of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in human HCC tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent liver tissues, and reduced 5-hmC significantly correlated with malignant phenotypes, including poor differentiation and microvascular invasion; additionally, loss of 5-hmC was related to chemotherapy resistance in post-transplantation HCC patients. Further, the 5-hmC level was regulated by ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2), and the reduction of TET2 in HCC contributes to chemotherapy resistance through histone acetyltransferase P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) inhibition and AKT signaling hyperactivation. In conclusion, loss of 5-hmC induces chemotherapy resistance through PCAF/AKT axis and is a promising chemosensitivity prediction biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Guo
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yong Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Chuan-Yuan Wei
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Chao Gao
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yan-Zi Pei
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Qi-Man Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Jia-Bin Cai
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Ai-Wu Ke
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yujiang G Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Ying-Hao Shen
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Guo-Ming Shi
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
- Clinical Research Unit, Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Guo-Huan Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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8
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Zhang Q, Wu Y, Li W, Wang J, Zhou H, Zhang L, Liu Q, Ying L, Yan H. Retinal development and the expression profiles of opsin genes during larval development in Takifugu rubripes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:380-394. [PMID: 36371656 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The light-sensitive capacity of fish larvae is determined by the structure of the retina and the opsins expressed in the retinal and nonretinal photoreceptors. In this study, the retinal structure and expression of opsin genes during the early developmental stage of Takifugu rubripes larvae were investigated. Histological examination showed that at 1 days after hatching (dah), seven layers were observed in the retina of T. rubripes larva, including the pigment epithelial layer [retinal pigment epithelium layer (RPE)], photoreceptor layer (PRos/is), outer nuclear layer (ONL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), inner plexiform layer (IPL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL). At 2 dah, optic fibre layer (OFL) can be observed, and all eight layers were visible in the retina. By measuring the thickness of each layer, opposing developmental trends were found in the thickness of ONL, OPL, INL, IPL, GCL and OFL. The nuclear density of ONL, INL and GCL and the ratios of ONL/INL, ONL/GCL and INL/GCL were also measured and the ratio of ONL/GCL ranged from 1.9 at 2 dah to 3.4 at 8 dah and no significant difference was observed between the different developmental stages (P > 0.05). No significant difference was observed for the INL/GCL ratio between the different developmental stages, which ranged from 1.2 at 2 dah to 2.0 at 18 dah (P > 0.05). The results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that the expression of RH1, LWS, RH2-1, RH2-2, SWS2, rod opsin, opsin3 and opsin5 could be detected from 1 dah. These results suggest that the well-developed retina and early expression of the opsins of T. rubripes during the period of transition from endogenous to mixed feeding might be critical for vision-based survival skills during the early life stages after hatching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Yumeng Wu
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Weiyuan Li
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Huiting Zhou
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Liu Ying
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Hongwei Yan
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
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9
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Zhang W, Zeng W, Li P, Feng J, Zhang Y, Jin S, Deng J, Qi S, Lu H. The effects of missense OPN3 mutations in melanocytic lesions on protein structure and light-sensitive function. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1932-1938. [PMID: 36017595 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Opsin 3 (OPN3), a member of the light-sensitive, retinal-dependent opsin family, is widely expressed in a variety of human tissues and plays a multitude of light-dependent and light-independent roles. We recently identified five missense variants of OPN3, including p. I51T, p. V134A, p. V183I, p. M256I and p. C331Y, in human melanocytic tumours. However, it remains unclear how these OPN3 variants affect OPN3 protein structure and function. Herein, we conducted structural and functional studies of these variant proteins in OPN3 by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Moreover, we performed in vitro fluorescence calcium imaging to assess the functional properties of five single-nucleotide variant (SNV) proteins using a site-directed mutagenesis method. Notably, the p. I51T variant was not able to effectively dock with 11-cis-retinal. Additionally, in vitro, the p. I51T SNVs failed to induce any detectable changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration at room temperature. Taken together, these results reveal that five SNVs in the OPN3 gene have deleterious effects on protein structure and function, suggesting that these mutations, especially the p. I51T variant, significantly disrupt the canonical function of the OPN3 protein. Our findings provide new insight into the role of OPN3 variants in the loss of protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Pinhao Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianglong Feng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yulei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuqi Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jialing Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shengwen Qi
- Department of Physics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Hongguang Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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10
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Li L, Guo Q, Lan G, Liu F, Wang W, Lv X. Construction of a four-mRNA prognostic signature with its ceRNA network in CESC. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10691. [PMID: 35739227 PMCID: PMC9226135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) tumorigenesis involves a combination of multiple genetic alteration processes. Constructing a survival-associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and a multi-mRNA-based prognostic signature model can help us better understand the complexity and genetic characteristics of CESC. In this study, the RNA-seq data and clinical information of CESC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Differentially expressed mRNAs, lncRNAs and miRNAs were identified with the edgeR R package. A four-mRNA prognostic signature was developed by multivariate Cox regression analysis. Kaplan–Meier survival with the log-rank tests was performed to assess survival rates. The relationships between overall survival (OS) and clinical parameters were evaluated by Cox regression analysis. A survival-associated ceRNA network was constructed with the multiMiR package and miRcode database. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis and gene ontology analyses were used to identify the functional role of the ceRNA network in the prognosis of CESC. A total of 298 differentially expressed mRNAs, 8 miRNAs, and 29 lncRNAs were significantly associated with the prognosis of CESC. A prognostic signature model based on 4 mRNAs (OPN3, DAAM2, HENMT1, and CAVIN3) was developed, and the prognostic ability of this signature was indicated by the AUC of 0.726. Patients in the high-risk group exhibited significantly worse OS. The KEGG pathways, TGF-β and Cell adhesion molecules, were significantly enriched. In this study, a CESC-associated ceRNA network was constructed, and a multi-mRNA-based prognostic model for CESC was developed based on the ceRNA network, providing a new perspective for cancer pathogenesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Li
- Department of Hematology, Jinhua Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 439 West Shuangxi Road, Jinhua, 321017, China
| | - Qiusheng Guo
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310005, China
| | - Gaochen Lan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 950 Donghai Street, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Jinhua People's Hospital, 267 Danxi East Road, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Wenwu Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 363 Guobin Avenue, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xianmei Lv
- Department of Oncology, Quzhou Kecheng Hospital, 172 Shuanggang Road, Quzhou, 324000, China.
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11
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Dong X, Zeng W, Zhang W, Lan Y, Wang Y, Feng J, Gu L, Lu H. Opsin 3 Regulates Melanogenesis in Human Congenital Melanocytic Nevus Cells via Functional Interaction with BRAFV600E. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:3020-3029.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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12
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Gu Y, Wang Y, Lan Y, Feng J, Zeng W, Zhang W, Lu H. Expression of Retinal G Protein-Coupled Receptor, a Member of the Opsin Family, in Human Skin Cells and Its Mediation of the Cellular Functions of Keratinocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:787730. [PMID: 35445026 PMCID: PMC9014095 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.787730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Photoreceptive proteins play critical physiological roles in human skin cells. The retinal G protein-coupled receptor (RGR) is a photoisomerase in the human retina, but its expression and cellular functions in human skin cells have not been reported. Objectives: We aimed to detect RGR expression in various skin cells and evaluate its regulation of the cellular functions of keratinocytes. Methods: The expression, distribution, and subcellular location of the RGR in normal human epidermal keratinocytes and cells with pathological conditions including psoriasis, seborrheic keratosis, and squamous cell carcinoma were determined using microscopic tools (immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence staining, and immunoelectron microscopy) and Western blotting (WB). The protein levels of the RGR in primary human melanocytes, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts isolated from the neonatal foreskin were measured by WB. The expression and subcellular localization of the RGR in these cells were detected by immunofluorescence staining under a fluorescence microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope. Additionally, the levels of RGR expression in normal keratinocytes exposed to ultraviolet (UV)-A or total ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the presence or absence of all-trans-retinal were measured by WB. Furthermore, the effects of the RGR on human keratinocyte functions including proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit 8, wound healing, and Transwell assays after reducing the RGR mRNA level in keratinocytes using small interfering RNA technology. Results: The RGR was primarily located in the epidermal basal and spinous layers and skin appendages. Its expression increased in psoriatic lesions, seborrheic keratosis, and squamous cell carcinoma. Confocal microscopy showed that the RGR was located in the cell membrane and nucleus of keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts. Keratinocytes had a higher expression of the RGR than melanocytes and fibroblasts, as well as nuclear expression, according to nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation. Colloidal gold immunoelectron microscopy technology further confirmed that the RGR is mainly located in the nucleoplasm and mitochondria and is scattered in the cytoplasm and other organelles in the epidermal keratinocytes. Notably, RGR knockdown in keratinocytes led to the inhibition of cell proliferation and migration, augmenting cell apoptosis. Conclusions: This study is the first to demonstrate the presence of RGR in the human skin. Our findings indicate that the RGR may play a critical role in the physiological function of epidermal keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangguang Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Clinical College of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Clinical College of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yinghua Lan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Clinical College of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianglong Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Clinical College of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Clinical College of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Clinical College of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hongguang Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Clinical College of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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13
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Yoshimoto T, Shimada M, Tokunaga T, Nakao T, Nishi M, Takasu C, Kashihara H, Wada Y, Okikawa S, Yoshikawa K. Blue light irradiation inhibits the growth of colon cancer and activation of cancer‑associated fibroblasts. Oncol Rep 2022; 47:104. [PMID: 35417035 PMCID: PMC9019302 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Irradiation with a specific wavelength of light using light‑emitting diodes (LEDs) has various effects on cells and organisms. Recently, the antitumor effects of visible blue light on tumor cells were reported; however, the mechanism and effects on the tumor microenvironment remain unclear. Human colon cancer cells (HCT‑116) were injected into the rectal wall of nude mice. Tumors were irradiated with a 465‑nm LED light at 30 mW/cm2 for 30 min. Tumor volumes and the expression levels of opsin 3 (Opn3), autophagy‑related factors, cancer‑associated fibroblast (CAF) markers, and programmed cell death 1‑ligand (PD‑L1) were measured. Additionally, human intestinal fibroblasts were cultured in HCT116‑conditioned medium (CM) to prepare CAFs. CAFs were divided into an LED group and a control group, and the effect of the LED light on CAF activation in colon cancer cells was examined. Irradiation with blue LED light suppressed tumor growth; Opn3 expression was localized to the cell membrane in the LED group. Irradiated tumors exhibited increased autophagy‑related gene expression. Furthermore, in the LED group, TGF‑β and α‑SMA expression levels in the fibroblasts were decreased. Regarding CAFs, α‑SMA and IL‑6 expression levels were decreased in the LED group. HCT‑116 cells cultured in CAF‑CM with LED irradiation showed no enhanced migration or invasion. In the HCT‑116 cells cultured in CM of CAFs irradiated with LED, the relative increase in PD‑L1 expression was lower than that noted in the CAF‑CM without LED irradiation. Blue LED light may have a direct antitumor effect on colon cancer and also an inhibitory effect on CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Yoshimoto
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Takuya Tokunaga
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nakao
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nishi
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Chie Takasu
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Hideya Kashihara
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Yuma Wada
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Shohei Okikawa
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Kozo Yoshikawa
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
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Zhang W, Feng J, Zeng W, He Z, Yang W, Lu H. Integrated analysis of the prognostic and oncogenic roles of OPN3 in human cancers. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:187. [PMID: 35180853 PMCID: PMC8857800 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging cell- or tissue-based evidence has demonstrated that opsin 3 (OPN3) mediates a variety of pathological processes affecting tumorigenesis, clinical prognosis, and treatment resistance in some cancers. However, a comprehensive analysis of OPN3 across human cancers is unavailable. Therefore, a pancancer analysis of OPN3 expression was performed and its potential oncogenic roles were explored. Methods The expression and characterization of OPN3 were evaluated among 33 tumour types using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Additionally, the OPN3 RNA level and overall survival (OS) in relation to its expression level in 33 cancer types were estimated. Based on the analysis above, 347 samples from 5 types of tumours were collected and detected for the protein expression of OPN3 by immunohistochemical assay. Furthermore, the biological role of OPN3 in cancers was evaluated via gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results The OPN3 expression level was heterogeneous across cancers, yet a remarkable difference existed between OPN3 expression and patient overall survival among the 7 types of these 33 cancers. Consistently, a high immunohistochemical score of OPN3 was significantly associated with a poor prognosis among patients with 5 types of tumours. Additionally, OPN3 expression was involved in cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration in 5 types of tumours, and promoter hypomethylation of OPN3 was observed in 3 tumour types. Additionally, OPN3 protein phosphorylation sites of Tyr140 and Ser380 were identified via posttranscriptional modification analysis, suggesting the potential function of Tyr140 and Ser380 phosphorylation in tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the enrichment analysis was mainly concentrated in C7orf70, C7orf25 and the “ribosome” pathway by GSEA in 5 types of cancers, indicating that OPN3 might affect tumorigenesis and progression by regulating gene expression and ribosome biogenesis. Conclusions High expression of OPN3 was significantly associated with a poor clinical prognosis in five types of cancers. Its molecular function was closely associated with the ribosomal pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09219-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No.28 Guiyi Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, P.R. China
| | - Jianglong Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No.28 Guiyi Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No.28 Guiyi Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi He
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No.28 Guiyi Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, P.R. China
| | - Wenxiu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongguang Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No.28 Guiyi Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, P.R. China.
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15
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Nakano T, Chiang KC, Chen CC, Chen PJ, Lai CY, Hsu LW, Ohmori N, Goto T, Chen CL, Goto S. Sunlight Exposure and Phototherapy: Perspectives for Healthy Aging in an Era of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010950. [PMID: 34682694 PMCID: PMC8535353 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Most humans depend on sunlight exposure to satisfy their requirements for vitamin D3. However, the destruction of the ozone layer in the past few decades has increased the risk of skin aging and wrinkling caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which may also promote the risk of skin cancer development. The promotion of public health recommendations to avoid sunlight exposure would reduce the risk of skin cancer, but it would also enhance the risk of vitamin D3 insufficiency/deficiency, which may cause disease development and progression. In addition, the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic may further reduce sunlight exposure due to stay-at-home policies, resulting in difficulty in active and healthy aging. In this review article, we performed a literature search in PubMed and provided an overview of basic and clinical data regarding the impact of sunlight exposure and vitamin D3 on public health. We also discuss the potential mechanisms and clinical value of phototherapy with a full-spectrum light (notably blue, red, and near-infrared light) as an alternative to sunlight exposure, which may contribute to combating COVID-19 and promoting active and healthy aging in current aged/superaged societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Nakano
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (P.-J.C.); (L.-W.H.)
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
- Correspondence: (T.N.); (S.G.); Tel.: +886-7-731-7123 (T.N.); +81-975-53-2165 (S.G.)
| | - Kuei-Chen Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (P.-J.C.); (L.-W.H.)
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Chien-Chih Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (P.-J.C.); (L.-W.H.)
| | - Chia-Yun Lai
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Li-Wen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (P.-J.C.); (L.-W.H.)
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Naoya Ohmori
- Faculty of Nursing, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555, Japan; (N.O.); (T.G.)
- Kazusa Institute for Drug Discovery, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Goto
- Faculty of Nursing, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555, Japan; (N.O.); (T.G.)
- Kazusa Institute for Drug Discovery, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555, Japan
| | - Chao-Long Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Shigeru Goto
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
- Faculty of Nursing, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555, Japan; (N.O.); (T.G.)
- Nobeoka Medical Check Center, Fukuoka Institution of Occupational Health, Nobeoka 882-0872, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.N.); (S.G.); Tel.: +886-7-731-7123 (T.N.); +81-975-53-2165 (S.G.)
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16
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Yu J, Liang LL, Liu J, Liu TT, Li J, Xiu L, Zeng J, Wang TT, Wang D, Liang LJ, Xie DW, Chen DX, An JS, Wu LY. Development and Validation of a Novel Gene Signature for Predicting the Prognosis by Identifying m5C Modification Subtypes of Cervical Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:733715. [PMID: 34630524 PMCID: PMC8493221 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.733715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: 5-Methylcytidine (m5C) is the most common RNA modification and plays an important role in multiple tumors including cervical cancer (CC). We aimed to develop a novel gene signature by identifying m5C modification subtypes of CC to better predict the prognosis of patients. Methods: We obtained the expression of 13 m5C regulatory factors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA all set, 257 patients) to determine m5C modification subtypes by the “nonnegative matrix factorization” (NMF). Then the “limma” package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between different subtypes. According to these DEGs, we performed Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis to establish a novel gene signature in TCGA training set (128 patients). We also verified the risk prediction effect of gene signature in TCGA test set (129 patients), TCGA all set (257 patients) and GSE44001 (300 patients). Furthermore, a nomogram including this gene signature and clinicopathological parameters was established to predict the individual survival rate. Finally, the expression and function of these signature genes were explored by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion assays. Results: Based on consistent clustering of 13 m5C-modified genes, CC was divided into two subtypes (C1 and C2) and the C1 subtype had a worse prognosis. The 4-gene signature comprising FNDC3A, VEGFA, OPN3 and CPE was constructed. In TCGA training set and three validation sets, we found the prognosis of patients in the low-risk group was much better than that in the high-risk group. A nomogram incorporating the gene signature and T stage was constructed, and the calibration plot suggested that it could accurately predict the survival rate. The expression levels of FNDC3A, VEGFA, OPN3 and CPE were all high in cervical cancer tissues. Downregulation of FNDC3A, VEGFA or CPE expression suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of SiHa cells. Conclusions: Two m5C modification subtypes of CC were identified and then a 4-gene signature was established, which provide new feasible methods for clinical risk assessment and targeted therapies for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei-Lei Liang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Department of Blood Grouping, Beijing Red Cross Blood Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xiu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ding-Xiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ju-Sheng An
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Ying Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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17
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de Assis LVM, Moraes MN, Mendes D, Silva MM, Menck CFM, Castrucci AMDL. Loss of Melanopsin (OPN4) Leads to a Faster Cell Cycle Progression and Growth in Murine Melanocytes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1436-1450. [PMID: 34698095 PMCID: PMC8929055 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin melanocytes harbor a complex photosensitive system comprised of opsins, which were shown, in recent years, to display light- and thermo-independent functions. Based on this premise, we investigated whether melanopsin, OPN4, displays such a role in normal melanocytes. In this study, we found that murine Opn4KO melanocytes displayed a faster proliferation rate compared to Opn4WT melanocytes. Cell cycle population analysis demonstrated that OPN4KO melanocytes exhibited a faster cell cycle progression with reduced G0–G1, and highly increased S and slightly increased G2/M cell populations compared to the Opn4WT counterparts. Expression of specific cell cycle-related genes in Opn4KO melanocytes exhibited alterations that corroborate a faster cell cycle progression. We also found significant modification in gene and protein expression levels of important regulators of melanocyte physiology. PER1 protein level was higher while BMAL1 and REV-ERBα decreased in Opn4KO melanocytes compared to Opn4WT cells. Interestingly, the gene expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) was upregulated in Opn4KO melanocytes, which is in line with a higher proliferative capability. Taken altogether, we demonstrated that OPN4 regulates cell proliferation, cell cycle, and affects the expression of several important factors of the melanocyte physiology; thus, arguing for a putative tumor suppression role in melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (M.N.M.); (A.M.d.L.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Nathália Moraes
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (M.N.M.); (A.M.d.L.C.)
| | - Davi Mendes
- DNA Repair Lab, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.M.); (M.M.S.); (C.F.M.M.)
| | - Matheus Molina Silva
- DNA Repair Lab, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.M.); (M.M.S.); (C.F.M.M.)
| | - Carlos Frederico Martins Menck
- DNA Repair Lab, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.M.); (M.M.S.); (C.F.M.M.)
| | - Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (M.N.M.); (A.M.d.L.C.)
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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Huang Q, Zhong J, Gao H, Li K, Liang H. Subgrouping by gene expression profiles to improve relapse risk prediction in paediatric B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Cancer Med 2021; 10:3782-3793. [PMID: 33987975 PMCID: PMC8178509 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) remains a prevalent paediatric cancer and one of the most common causes of mortality from malignancy in children. Tailoring the intensity of therapy according to early stratification is a promising strategy but remains a major challenge due to heterogeneity and subtyping difficulty. In this study, we subgroup B-precursor ALL patients by gene expression profiles, using non-negative matrix factorization and minimum description length which unsupervisedly determines the number of subgroups. Within each of the four subgroups, logistic and Cox regression with elastic net regularization are used to build models predicting minimal residual disease (MRD) and relapse-free survival (RFS) respectively. Measured by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), subgrouping improves prediction of MRD in one subgroup which mostly overlaps with subtype TCF3-PBX1 (AUC = 0·986 in the training set and 1·0 in the test set), compared to a global model published previously. The models predicting RFS displayed acceptable concordance in training set and discriminate high-relapse-risk patients in three subgroups of the test set (Wilcoxon test p = 0·048, 0·036, and 0·016). Genes playing roles in the models are specific to different subgroups. The improvement of subgrouped MRD prediction and the differences of genes in prediction models of subgroups suggest that the heterogeneity of B-precursor ALL can be handled by subgrouping according to gene expression profiles to improve the prediction accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsheng Huang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China.,Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayong Zhong
- Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuanrong Li
- Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiying Liang
- Clinical Data Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Zeng W, Zhang W, Feng J, He X, Lu H. Expression of OPN3 in acral lentiginous melanoma and its associated with clinicohistopathologic features and prognosis. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:840-850. [PMID: 33955704 PMCID: PMC8342238 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND OPN3 upregulation associated with metastasis was recently described in two subtypes of lung cancers. And OPN3 identified in light-independent functions in epidermal melanocytes has already shown promise. However, in malignant melanocytic tissues, the expression and characterization of OPN3 remain uncharacterized. OBJECTIVES We investigated the clinico-histopathologic features in relation to OPN3 expression of acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), which is a rare cutaneous melanoma subtype and not associated with prior sunlight exposure. METHODS In all, 84 samples of junctional melanocytic nevi (JMN, n = 12), primary ALMs (n = 39) and inguinal lymph node metastasis (ILNM, n = 23) from ALMs were evaluated for the immunohistochemical expression of OPN3. OPN3 messenger RNA and protein level were further determined in melanocytic tumors using quantitative real-time PCR, multiimmunofluorescence and Western blot assays. We also estimated the associations OPN3 expression between clinicopathological features and prognosis. RESULTS ILNMs, in contrast to JMN and ALMs, had higher OPN3 expression scores (p < .001) by immunohistochemistry analysis. High OPN3 score was associated with presence of ulceration, increased Breslow depth and Clark level (p = .025, p = .042, and p = .012, respectively). Furthermore, a remarkable difference (p = .037) of patient overall survival was found when comparing the OPN3 expression of immunohistochemical score between equal to or larger than 100 and below 100 groups. Also, Cox regression models showed that high OPN3 scores were associated with worse melanoma survival. CONCLUSION High OPN3 expression is significantly associated with ALMs and metastatic phenotype as well as a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,Department of Immunology, Basic Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianglong Feng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongguang Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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20
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de Assis LVM, Mendes D, Silva MM, Kinker GS, Pereira-Lima I, Moraes MN, Menck CFM, Castrucci AMDL. Melanopsin mediates UVA-dependent modulation of proliferation, pigmentation, apoptosis, and molecular clock in normal and malignant melanocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118789. [PMID: 32645331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanocytes and melanoma cells express several opsins, of which melanopsin (OPN4) detects temperature and UVA radiation. To evaluate the interaction between OPN4 and UVA radiation, normal and malignant Opn4WT and Opn4KO melanocytes were exposed to three daily low doses (total 13.2 kJ/m2) of UVA radiation. UVA radiation led to a reduction of proliferation in both Opn4WT cell lines; however, only in melanoma cells this effect was associated with increased cell death by apoptosis. Daily UVA stimuli induced persistent pigment darkening (PPD) in both Opn4WT cell lines. Upon Opn4 knockout, all UVA-induced effects were lost in three independent clones of Opn4KO melanocytes and melanoma cells. Per1 bioluminescence was reduced after 1st and 2nd UVA radiations in Opn4WT cells. In Opn4KO melanocytes and melanoma cells, an acute increase of Per1 expression was seen immediately after each stimulus. We also found that OPN4 expression is downregulated in human melanoma compared to normal skin, and it decreases with disease progression. Interestingly, metastatic melanomas with low expression of OPN4 present increased expression of BMAL1 and longer overall survival. Collectively, our findings reinforce the functionality of the photosensitive system of melanocytes that may subsidize advancements in the understanding of skin related diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Davi Mendes
- DNA Repair Lab, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Molina Silva
- DNA Repair Lab, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Sarti Kinker
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunoendocrinology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella Pereira-Lima
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Nathália Moraes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frederico Martins Menck
- DNA Repair Lab, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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21
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Olinski LE, Tsuda AC, Kauer JA, Oancea E. Endogenous Opsin 3 (OPN3) Protein Expression in the Adult Brain Using a Novel OPN3-mCherry Knock-In Mouse Model. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0107-20.2020. [PMID: 32737180 PMCID: PMC7477952 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0107-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The opsins have been studied extensively for their functions in visual phototransduction; however, the mechanisms underlying extraocular opsin signaling remain poorly understood. The first mammalian extraocular opsin to be discovered, opsin 3 (OPN3), was found in the brain more than two decades ago, yet its function remains unknown. A significant hindrance to studying OPN3 has been a lack of specific antibodies against mammalian OPN3, resulting in an incomplete understanding of its expression in the brain. Although Opn3 promoter-driven reporter mice have been generated to examine general OPN3 localization, they lack the regulated expression of the endogenous protein and the ability to study its subcellular localization. To circumvent these issues, we have created a knock-in OPN3-mCherry mouse model in which the fusion protein OPN3-mCherry is expressed under the endogenous Opn3 promoter. Viable and fertile homozygotes for the OPN3-mCherry allele were used to create an extensive map of OPN3-mCherry expression across the adult mouse brain. OPN3-mCherry was readily visualized in distinct layers of the cerebral cortex (CTX), the hippocampal formation (HCF), distinct nuclei of the thalamus, as well as many other regions in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Our mouse model offers a new platform to investigate the function of OPN3 in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Olinski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Ayumi C Tsuda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Julie A Kauer
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Elena Oancea
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
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22
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Activation of an Endogenous Opsin 3 Light Receptor Mediates Photo-Relaxation of Pre-Contracting Late Gestation Human Uterine Smooth Muscle Ex Vivo. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1791-1801. [PMID: 32166706 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) remains a worldwide healthcare challenge. Preterm labor (PTL) is thought to be the largest reversible cause of sPTB, but current tocolytic therapies are ineffective and associated with systemic side effects from chronic use. Therefore, identifying novel mechanisms that promote human uterine smooth muscle (hUSM) relaxation is essential to improving clinical management of PTL. Here, we aimed to determine if an extraocular opsin receptor (OPN 3,4,5) system is expressed in pregnant hUSM and to characterize how photo-mediated relaxation of pre-contracting hUSM may be facilitated by external application of light. Translational studies were performed with hUSM from healthy late gestation patients (n = 8) and non-pregnant, similarly aged patients undergoing hysterectomy (n = 4). First, RT-PCR screened for mRNA coding for components of the classical extraocular light receptors (OPN 3,4,5). We found a restricted repertoire of opsin receptors (OPN3) expressed in pregnant hUSM tissue. Immunohistochemistry was performed to confirm protein expression. Pre-contracting late gestation hUSM strips were studied in functional organ bath studies to determine if photo-mediated relaxation is intensity or wavelength dependent. Functional organ bath studies revealed acute photo-mediated relaxation occurring in an intensity- and wavelength-dependent manner. Finally, coimmunoprecipitation of OPN3 with Gs following light activation suggests that a component of photo-relaxation occurs via G protein-coupled receptor machinery. This is the first report of light-mediated relaxation of pre-contracted human myometrium. Activation of endogenous light receptors on human myometrium may become a novel, non-invasive tocolytic strategy.
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23
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Xu C, Wang R, Yang Y, Xu T, Li Y, Xu J, Jiang Z. Expression of OPN3 in lung adenocarcinoma promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis. Thorac Cancer 2019; 11:286-294. [PMID: 31802643 PMCID: PMC6996998 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common pathological lung cancer and an important cause of cancer‐related death. Metastasis is a major underlying reason for poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Opsin3 (OPN3), a member of the guanine nucleotide‐binding protein‐coupled receptor superfamily, has been identified to affect the apoptosis of hepatoma cells by modulating the phosphorylation of Akt and Bcl2/Bax. However, the expression and role of OPN3 in lung adenocarcinoma remains unclear. Methods Opsin3 expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues was detected by western blot, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry. Changes in cell migration and invasion ability resulting from the change of OPN3 expression level were detected by wound healing and transwell migration assays. Changes in the markers of epithelial‐mesenchymal transformation were detected by western blot and qPCR. Results Opsin3 expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues was higher than that in normal lung tissues. Patients with high expression of OPN3 had lower survival rates. Owing to overexpression of OPN3, the HCC827 cells showed enhanced invasion and migration ability in vitro. Upon decreasing the expression of OPN3, the invasion and migration ability of the A549 cells decreased. Conclusion Our study demonstrated for the first time that OPN3 gene enhanced the metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma, and its overexpression promoted epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. Key points A significant finding of the study was that OPN3 acted an oncogene in promoting lung adenocarcinoma metastasis. Our study complemented the research on the expression and function of OPN3 in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruixia Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Tongyi Xu
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgical Department, NO.971 Hospital of PLA Navy, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Senior Ward, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Senior Ward, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhansheng Jiang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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24
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Wang H, Lu D, Liu X, Jiang J, Feng S, Dong X, Shi X, Wu H, Xiong G, Wang H, Cai K. Survival-related risk score of lung adenocarcinoma identified by weight gene co-expression network analysis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4441-4448. [PMID: 31611953 PMCID: PMC6781564 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the novel biomarkers and underlying molecular mechanisms of lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) to aid in its diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, disease monitoring and emerging therapies. Data from a total of 498 LAC samples were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas and divided into two sets by stratified randomization based on pathological Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage. The training set was comprised of 348 samples and the validation set was comprised of 150 samples. A total of 123 samples from the training set for patients who completed follow-up were analyzed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. A module was identified that contained 113 protein-coding genes that were positively associated with overall survival (OS). A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model was constructed and four survival-associated genes (OPN3, GALNT2, FAM83A and KYNU) were retained. Risk score, calculated by the linear combination of each gene expression multiplied by the LASSO coefficient, could successfully discriminate between patients with LAC exhibiting low and high OS time in both sets. The results from the present study indicate that this risk score may contribute to potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for LAC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xiguang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Siyang Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshun Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Gang Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Haofei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Kaican Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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25
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Yim PD, Gallos G, Perez-Zoghbi JF, Zhang Y, Xu D, Wu A, Berkowitz DE, Emala CW. Airway smooth muscle photorelaxation via opsin receptor activation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L82-L93. [PMID: 30284927 PMCID: PMC6383505 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00135.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonvisual opsin (OPN) receptors have recently been implicated in blue light-mediated photorelaxation of smooth muscle in various organs. Since photorelaxation has not yet been demonstrated in airway smooth muscle (ASM) or in human tissues, we questioned whether functional OPN receptors are expressed in mouse and human ASM. mRNA, encoding the OPN 3 receptor, was detected in both human and mouse ASM. To demonstrate the functionality of the OPN receptors, we performed wire myography of ex vivo ASM from mouse and human upper airways. Blue light-mediated relaxation of ACh-preconstricted airways was intensity and wavelength dependent (maximum relaxation at 430-nm blue light) and was inhibited by blockade of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels with iberiotoxin. We further implicated OPN receptors as key mediators in functional photorelaxation by demonstrating increased relaxation in the presence of a G protein receptor kinase 2 inhibitor or an OPN chromophore (9- cis retinal). We corroborated these responses in peripheral airways of murine precision-cut lung slices. This is the first demonstration of photorelaxation in ASM via an OPN receptor-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Yim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - George Gallos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | | | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Dingbang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Amy Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Dan E Berkowitz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles W Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University , New York, New York
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26
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Maretina MA, Zheleznyakova GY, Lanko KM, Egorova AA, Baranov VS, Kiselev AV. Molecular Factors Involved in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Pathways as Possible Disease-modifying Candidates. Curr Genomics 2018; 19:339-355. [PMID: 30065610 PMCID: PMC6030859 DOI: 10.2174/1389202919666180101154916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the SMN1 gene. Being a monogenic disease, it is characterized by high clinical heterogeneity. Variations in penetrance and severity of symptoms, as well as clinical discrepancies between affected family members can result from modifier genes influence on disease manifestation. SMN2 gene copy number is known to be the main phenotype modifier and there is growing evidence of additional factors contributing to SMA severity. Potential modifiers of spinal muscular atrophy can be found among the wide variety of different factors, such as multiple proteins interacting with SMN or promoting motor neuron survival, epigenetic modifications, transcriptional or splicing factors influencing SMN2 expression. Study of these factors enables to reveal mechanisms underlying SMA pathology and can have pronounced clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna A. Maretina
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya line, 3, Saint Petersburg199034, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, 199034Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Galina Y. Zheleznyakova
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina M. Lanko
- Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Moskovsky prospect, 26, Saint Petersburg190013, Russia
| | - Anna A. Egorova
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya line, 3, Saint Petersburg199034, Russia
| | - Vladislav S. Baranov
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya line, 3, Saint Petersburg199034, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, 199034Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton V. Kiselev
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya line, 3, Saint Petersburg199034, Russia
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27
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Li X, Zhang Y, Hong Z, Gong S, Liu W, Zhou X, Sun Y, Qian J, Qu H. Transcriptome Profiling Analysis Reveals the Potential Mechanisms of Three Bioactive Ingredients of Fufang E'jiao Jiang During Chemotherapy-Induced Myelosuppression in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:616. [PMID: 29950993 PMCID: PMC6008481 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although multiple bioactive components have been identified in Fufang E’jiao Jiang (FEJ), their hematopoietic effects and molecular mode of action in vivo are still not fully understood. In the current study, we analyzed the effects of martynoside, R-notoginsenoside R2 (R2), and 20S-ginsenoside Rg2 (Rg2) in a 5-fluorouracil-induced myelosuppression mouse model. Bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNCs) counts, hematopoietic progenitor cell colony-forming unit (CFU) assay, as well as flow cytometry analysis of Lin-/c-kit+/Sca-1+ hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) population were conducted, and bone marrow cells were subjected to RNA sequencing. The transcriptome data were processed based on the differentially expressed genes. The results of the analysis show that each of the three compounds stimulates BMNCs and HSC growth, as well as burst-forming unit-erythroid and colony-forming unit granulocyte-monocyte colony expansion. The most relevant transcriptional changes appeared to be involved in regulation of hematopoietic cell lineage, NF-κB and TNF-α signaling, inhibition of inflammation, and acceleration of hematopoietic cell recovery. Notably, the individual compounds shared similar but specified transcriptome profiles. Taken together, the hematopoietic effects for the three tested compounds of FEJ are confirmed in this myelosuppression mouse model. The transcriptome maps of these effects provide valuable information concerning their underlying mechanisms and provide a framework for the continued study of the complex mode of action of FEJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Zhuping Hong
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuqing Gong
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangshan Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Yangen Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Qu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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28
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de Assis LVM, Moraes MN, Magalhães-Marques KK, Kinker GS, da Silveira Cruz-Machado S, Castrucci AMDL. Non-Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma Induces Chronodisruption in Central and Peripheral Circadian Clocks. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1065. [PMID: 29614021 PMCID: PMC5979525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological clock has received increasing interest due to its key role in regulating body homeostasis in a time-dependent manner. Cancer development and progression has been linked to a disrupted molecular clock; however, in melanoma, the role of the biological clock is largely unknown. We investigated the effects of the tumor on its micro- (TME) and macro-environments (TMaE) in a non-metastatic melanoma model. C57BL/6J mice were inoculated with murine B16-F10 melanoma cells and 2 weeks later the animals were euthanized every 6 h during 24 h. The presence of a localized tumor significantly impaired the biological clock of tumor-adjacent skin and affected the oscillatory expression of genes involved in light- and thermo-reception, proliferation, melanogenesis, and DNA repair. The expression of tumor molecular clock was significantly reduced compared to healthy skin but still displayed an oscillatory profile. We were able to cluster the affected genes using a human database and distinguish between primary melanoma and healthy skin. The molecular clocks of lungs and liver (common sites of metastasis), and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) were significantly affected by tumor presence, leading to chronodisruption in each organ. Taken altogether, the presence of non-metastatic melanoma significantly impairs the organism's biological clocks. We suggest that the clock alterations found in TME and TMaE could impact development, progression, and metastasis of melanoma; thus, making the molecular clock an interesting pharmacological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Maria Nathália Moraes
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Keila Karoline Magalhães-Marques
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Sarti Kinker
- Laboratory of Chronopharmacology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Sanseray da Silveira Cruz-Machado
- Laboratory of Chronopharmacology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
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29
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Barreto Ortiz S, Hori D, Nomura Y, Yun X, Jiang H, Yong H, Chen J, Paek S, Pandey D, Sikka G, Bhatta A, Gillard A, Steppan J, Kim JH, Adachi H, Barodka VM, Romer L, An SS, Shimoda LA, Santhanam L, Berkowitz DE. Opsin 3 and 4 mediate light-induced pulmonary vasorelaxation that is potentiated by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 inhibition. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L93-L106. [PMID: 28882814 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00091.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that blue light induces vasorelaxation in the systemic mouse circulation, a phenomenon mediated by the nonvisual G protein-coupled receptor melanopsin (Opsin 4; Opn4). Here we tested the hypothesis that nonvisual opsins mediate photorelaxation in the pulmonary circulation. We discovered Opsin 3 (Opn3), Opn4, and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) in rat pulmonary arteries (PAs) and in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), where the opsins interact directly with GRK2, as demonstrated with a proximity ligation assay. Light elicited an intensity-dependent relaxation of PAs preconstricted with phenylephrine (PE), with a maximum response between 400 and 460 nm (blue light). Wavelength-specific photorelaxation was attenuated in PAs from Opn4-/- mice and further reduced following shRNA-mediated knockdown of Opn3. Inhibition of GRK2 amplified the response and prevented physiological desensitization to repeated light exposure. Blue light also prevented PE-induced constriction in isolated PAs, decreased basal tone, ablated PE-induced single-cell contraction of PASMCs, and reversed PE-induced depolarization in PASMCs when GRK2 was inhibited. The photorelaxation response was modulated by soluble guanylyl cyclase but not by protein kinase G or nitric oxide. Most importantly, blue light induced significant vasorelaxation of PAs from rats with chronic pulmonary hypertension and effectively lowered pulmonary arterial pressure in isolated intact perfused rat lungs subjected to acute hypoxia. These findings show that functional Opn3 and Opn4 in PAs represent an endogenous "optogenetic system" that mediates photorelaxation in the pulmonary vasculature. Phototherapy in conjunction with GRK2 inhibition could therefore provide an alternative treatment strategy for pulmonary vasoconstrictive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Barreto Ortiz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daijiro Hori
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yohei Nomura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xin Yun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hwanmee Yong
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sam Paek
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Deepesh Pandey
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gautam Sikka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anil Bhatta
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew Gillard
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jochen Steppan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jae Hyung Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hideo Adachi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Viachaslau M Barodka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lewis Romer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland.,Departments of Cell Biology, Pediatrics, and the Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven S An
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Larissa A Shimoda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lakshmi Santhanam
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dan E Berkowitz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
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30
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Hu QM, Yi WJ, Su MY, Jiang S, Xu SZ, Lei TC. Induction of retinal-dependent calcium influx in human melanocytes by UVA or UVB radiation contributes to the stimulation of melanosome transfer. Cell Prolif 2017; 50. [PMID: 28833830 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The transfer of melanosomes from melanocytes to neighbouring keratinocytes is critical to protect the skin from the deleterious effects of ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation; however, the initial factor(s) that stimulates melanosome transfer remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the induction of retinal-dependent calcium (Ca2+ ) influx in melanocytes (MCs) by UVA or UVB irradiation and the effect of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 1 (TRPM1) (melastatin1)-related Ca2+ influx on melanosome transfer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary human epidermal MCs were exposed to physiological doses of UVB or UVA light and loaded with a calcium indicator Fluo-4 dye. The change of intracellular calcium of MCs was monitored using a two-photon confocal fluorescence microscopy. MCs were co-cultured with human epidermal keratinocytes (KCs) in the absence or presence of voriconazole (a TRPM1 blocker) or calcium chelators. MCs were also transfected with TRPM1 siRNA for silencing the expression of TRPM1 gene. The melanosome transfer in the co-cultured cells was quantitatively analysed using flow cytometry and was further confirmed by immunofluorescent double-staining. The protein levels and distributions of TRPM1, OPN3 and OPN5 in MCs were measured by Western blotting or immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS The retinal-dependent Ca2+ influx of UVA-exposed melanocytes differed greatly from that of UVB-exposed melanocytes in the timing-phase. The protein expression of TRPM1 in mono- and co-cultured MCs was dose-dependently up-regulated by UVA and UVB. TRPM1 siRNA-mediated knockdown and the blockage of TRPM1 channel using a putative antagonist (voriconazole) significantly inhibited melanosome transfer in co-cultures following UVA or UVB exposure. CONCLUSIONS The distinct time-phases of Ca2+ influx in MCs induced by UVA or UVB contribute to the consecutive stimulation of melanosome transfer, thereby providing a potent photoprotection against harmful UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Mei Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Juan Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Yun Su
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi-Zheng Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tie-Chi Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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31
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Kato M, Sugiyama T, Sakai K, Yamashita T, Fujita H, Sato K, Tomonari S, Shichida Y, Ohuchi H. Two Opsin 3-Related Proteins in the Chicken Retina and Brain: A TMT-Type Opsin 3 Is a Blue-Light Sensor in Retinal Horizontal Cells, Hypothalamus, and Cerebellum. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163925. [PMID: 27861495 PMCID: PMC5115664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Opsin family genes encode G protein-coupled seven-transmembrane proteins that bind a retinaldehyde chromophore in photoreception. Here, we sought potential as yet undescribed avian retinal photoreceptors, focusing on Opsin 3 homologs in the chicken. We found two Opsin 3-related genes in the chicken genome: one corresponding to encephalopsin/panopsin (Opn3) in mammals, and the other belonging to the teleost multiple tissue opsin (TMT) 2 group. Bioluminescence imaging and G protein activation assays demonstrated that the chicken TMT opsin (cTMT) functions as a blue light sensor when forced-expressed in mammalian cultured cells. We did not detect evidence of light sensitivity for the chicken Opn3 (cOpn3). In situ hybridization demonstrated expression of cTMT in subsets of differentiating cells in the inner retina and, as development progressed, predominant localization to retinal horizontal cells (HCs). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed cTMT in HCs as well as in small numbers of cells in the ganglion and inner nuclear layers of the post-hatch chicken retina. In contrast, cOpn3-IR cells were found in distinct subsets of cells in the inner nuclear layer. cTMT-IR cells were also found in subsets of cells in the hypothalamus. Finally, we found differential distribution of cOpn3 and cTMT proteins in specific cells of the cerebellum. The present results suggest that a novel TMT-type opsin 3 may function as a photoreceptor in the chicken retina and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuko Kato
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Kazumi Sakai
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamashita
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Fujita
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keita Sato
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sayuri Tomonari
- Department of Life Systems, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Shichida
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideyo Ohuchi
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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