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Devins KM, Baranov E, Hung YP, Dickson BC, Oliva E, Deshpande V. Large and Extensive Multilocular Peritoneal Inclusion Cysts Lack Genomic Alterations and Follow an Indolent Clinical Course Despite Rare Recurrences. Am J Surg Pathol 2024:00000478-990000000-00362. [PMID: 38813820 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Peritoneal inclusion cysts (PICs) are unilocular or multilocular cystic lesions lined by bland mesothelial cells. While most are small and localized, rare examples may be large or multifocal with diffuse peritoneal involvement, causing clinical and even pathologic concern for malignancy. We examined 20 PIC, including 8 large solitary and 12 multifocal lesions. Solitary PIC were found in 7 female and 1 male patients ranging from 19 to 55 (median: 37) years. Expanded collagenous (n=2) or edematous (n=1) areas were occasionally seen in the septae, and 1 had microscopic foci of myxoid stroma. Four had hobnail cells, and 1 had minor areas of papillary mesothelial hyperplasia. Multifocal PICs occurred in 9 female and 3 male patients ranging from 26 to 80 (median: 53) years. Three showed extensive associated fibrosis with entrapment of preexisting adipose tissue, 2 had areas resembling granulation tissue, and 3 had scattered foci of myxoid stroma. Hobnail cells were present in 9, papillary mesothelial hyperplasia in 2, entrapped single cells in 1, and 2 had areas resembling adenomatoid tumors. Two of the multifocal PICs had limited local recurrences at 18 and 21 months. No patients died of disease. Clonal alterations were not identified in any of the tested PICs (mutational and fusion analysis in 5, chromosomal microarray in 1). Despite limited local recurrences, we demonstrate that even large and multifocal PICs may lack identifiable genomic alterations and are associated with benign outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Devins
- James Homer Wright Pathology Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Esther Baranov
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yin P Hung
- James Homer Wright Pathology Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Brendan C Dickson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Esther Oliva
- James Homer Wright Pathology Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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2
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Hung YP, Chirieac LR. Molecular and Immunohistochemical Testing in Mesothelioma and Other Mesothelial Lesions. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2024; 148:e77-e89. [PMID: 38190277 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2023-0213-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Molecular testing has increasingly been utilized in the evaluation of mesothelioma. Diffuse mesothelioma comprises multiple distinct genetic subgroups. While most diffuse mesotheliomas lack oncogenic kinase mutations and instead harbor alterations involving tumor suppressors and chromatin regulators, a minor subset of tumors is characterized by uncommon alterations such as germline mutations, genomic near-haploidization, ALK rearrangement, ATF1 rearrangement, or EWSR1::YY1 fusion. OBJECTIVE.— To provide updates on the salient molecular features of diffuse mesothelioma, mesothelioma in situ, and other mesothelial lesions: well-differentiated papillary mesothelial tumor, adenomatoid tumor, peritoneal inclusion cyst, and others. We consider the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive utility of molecular testing in mesothelial lesions. DATA SOURCES.— We performed a literature review of recently described genetic features, molecular approaches, and immunohistochemical tools, including BAP1, MTAP, and merlin in mesothelioma and other mesothelial lesions. CONCLUSIONS.— Our evolving understanding of the molecular diversity of diffuse mesothelioma and other mesothelial lesions has led to considerable changes in pathology diagnostic practice, including the application of immunohistochemical markers such as BAP1, MTAP, and merlin (NF2), which are surrogates of mutation status. In young patients and/or those without significant asbestos exposure, unusual mesothelioma genetics such as germline mutations, ALK rearrangement, and ATF1 rearrangement should be considered.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Mesothelioma/diagnosis
- Mesothelioma/genetics
- Mesothelioma/metabolism
- Mesothelioma/pathology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Neoplasms, Mesothelial/diagnosis
- Neoplasms, Mesothelial/genetics
- Neoplasms, Mesothelial/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Mesothelial/pathology
- Mesothelioma, Malignant/diagnosis
- Mesothelioma, Malignant/genetics
- Mesothelioma, Malignant/pathology
- Mesothelioma, Malignant/metabolism
- Mutation
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins
- Ubiquitin Thiolesterase
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin P Hung
- From the Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital. Boston (Hung)
- the Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Hung, Chirieac)
| | - Lucian R Chirieac
- the Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Hung, Chirieac)
- the Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Chirieac)
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3
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Agaimy A, Brcic L, Briski LM, Hung YP, Michal M, Michal M, Nielsen GP, Stoehr R, Rosenberg AE. NR4A3 fusions characterize a distinctive peritoneal mesothelial neoplasm of uncertain biological potential with pure adenomatoid/microcystic morphology. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2023; 62:256-266. [PMID: 36524687 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A focal adenomatoid-microcystic pattern is not uncommon in peritoneal mesothelioma, but tumors composed almost exclusively of this pattern are distinctly rare and have not been well characterized. A small subset of mesotheliomas (mostly in children and young adults) are characterized by gene fusions including EWSR1/FUS::ATF1, EWSR1::YY1, and NTRK and ALK rearrangements, and often have epithelioid morphology. Herein, we describe five peritoneal mesothelial neoplasms (identified via molecular screening of seven histologically similar tumors) that are pure adenomatoid/microcystic in morphology and unified by the presence of an NR4A3 fusion. Patients were three males and two females aged 31-70 years (median, 40 years). Three presented with multifocal/diffuse and two with a localized disease. The size of the individual lesions ranged from 1.5 to 8 cm (median, 4.7). The unifocal lesions originated in the small bowel mesentery and the mesosigmoid. Treatment included surgery, either alone (three) or combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (two), and neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy (one case each). At the last follow-up (6-13 months), all five patients were alive and disease-free. All tumors were morphologically similar, characterized by extensive sieve-like microcystic growth with bland-looking flattened cells lining variably sized microcystic spaces and lacked a conventional epithelioid or sarcomatoid component. Immunohistochemistry confirmed mesothelial differentiation, but most cases showed limited expression of D2-40 and calretinin. Targeted RNA sequencing revealed an NR4A3 fusion (fusion partners were EWSR1 in three cases and CITED2 and NIPBL in one case each). The nosology and behavior of this morphomolecularly defined novel peritoneal mesothelial neoplasm of uncertain biological potential and its distinction from adenomatoid variants of conventional mesothelioma merit further delineation as more cases become recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luka Brcic
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Laurence M Briski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yin P Hung
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Michal
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Michal
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - G Petur Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Stoehr
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrew E Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Abstract
Pathology is central to the management of peritoneal surface malignancy. This article highlights some recent advances that have had an impact on patient management or could do so in the near future. Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma, particularly the epithelioid subtype, is amenable to radical therapy in selected cases, and factors such as ki67 proliferation index, expression of BAP1 and mutation in CDKN2A show promise as prognostic indicators. Our understanding of multicystic mesothelioma has improved in recent years; it is a true neoplasm for which surgery may be indicated. Serous carcinomas involving the peritoneum are now known to originate from tubal epithelium. They are of two distinct types, high grade and low grade, which are now recognized as different neoplasms with distinctive features, oncogenesis and behavior. Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is an unusual condition that usually arises from an appendiceal mucinous neoplasm. Recent consensus in the classification and nomenclature of these lesions is discussed, including the distinction between low grade and high grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (HAMN), and the diagnostic criteria for appendiceal adenocarcinoma. PMP is divided into four prognostic groups: acellular mucin, low grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei, high grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei, and high grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei with signet ring cells. The pseudomyxoma microbiome is a promising area for clinical intervention but has been the subject of little research activity. Goblet cell adenocarcinoma (previously known as 'goblet cell carcinoid') is a distinctive type of appendiceal adenocarcinoma. Its behavior correlates with histologic features, but no general consensus for classification has been reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman John Carr
- Peritoneal Malignancy Institute, Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital, Basingstoke, UK
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Kashyap MP, Sinha R, Mukhtar MS, Athar M. Epigenetic regulation in the pathogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:36-56. [PMID: 33242578 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of cancer with the help of ever-expanding cutting edge technological tools and bioinformatics is revolutionizing modern cancer research by broadening the space of discovery window of various genomic and epigenomic processes. Genomics data integrated with multi-omics layering have advanced cancer research. Uncovering such layers of genetic mutations/modifications, epigenetic regulation and their role in the complex pathophysiology of cancer progression could lead to novel therapeutic interventions. Although a plethora of literature is available in public domain defining the role of various tumor driver gene mutations, understanding of epigenetic regulation of cancer is still emerging. This review focuses on epigenetic regulation association with the pathogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). NMSC has higher prevalence in Caucasian populations compared to other races. Due to lack of proper reporting to cancer registries, the incidence rates for NMSC worldwide cannot be accurately estimated. However, this is the most common neoplasm in humans, and millions of new cases per year are reported in the United States alone. In organ transplant recipients, the incidence of NMSC particularly of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is very high and these SCCs frequently become metastatic and lethal. Understanding of solar ultraviolet (UV) light-induced damage and impaired DNA repair process leading to DNA mutations and nuclear instability provide an insight into the pathogenesis of metastatic neoplasm. This review discusses the recent advances in the field of epigenetics of NMSCs. Particularly, the role of DNA methylation, histone hyperacetylation and non-coding RNA such as long-chain noncoding (lnc) RNAs, circular RNAs and miRNA in the disease progression are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Pratap Kashyap
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rajesh Sinha
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - M Shahid Mukhtar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Casamassimi A, Rienzo M, Di Zazzo E, Sorrentino A, Fiore D, Proto MC, Moncharmont B, Gazzerro P, Bifulco M, Abbondanza C. Multifaceted Role of PRDM Proteins in Human Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072648. [PMID: 32290321 PMCID: PMC7177584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The PR/SET domain family (PRDM) comprise a family of genes whose protein products share a conserved N-terminal PR [PRDI-BF1 (positive regulatory domain I-binding factor 1) and RIZ1 (retinoblastoma protein-interacting zinc finger gene 1)] homologous domain structurally and functionally similar to the catalytic SET [Su(var)3-9, enhancer-of-zeste and trithorax] domain of histone methyltransferases (HMTs). These genes are involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression through their intrinsic HMTase activity or via interactions with other chromatin modifying enzymes. In this way they control a broad spectrum of biological processes, including proliferation and differentiation control, cell cycle progression, and maintenance of immune cell homeostasis. In cancer, tumor-specific dysfunctions of PRDM genes alter their expression by genetic and/or epigenetic modifications. A common characteristic of most PRDM genes is to encode for two main molecular variants with or without the PR domain. They are generated by either alternative splicing or alternative use of different promoters and play opposite roles, particularly in cancer where their imbalance can be often observed. In this scenario, PRDM proteins are involved in cancer onset, invasion, and metastasis and their altered expression is related to poor prognosis and clinical outcome. These functions strongly suggest their potential use in cancer management as diagnostic or prognostic tools and as new targets of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Casamassimi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.D.Z.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.A.); Tel.: +39-081-566-7579 (A.C.); +39-081-566-7568 (C.A.)
| | - Monica Rienzo
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Erika Di Zazzo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.D.Z.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Anna Sorrentino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.D.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Donatella Fiore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (D.F.); (M.C.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Maria Chiara Proto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (D.F.); (M.C.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Bruno Moncharmont
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Gazzerro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (D.F.); (M.C.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Maurizio Bifulco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Ciro Abbondanza
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.D.Z.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.A.); Tel.: +39-081-566-7579 (A.C.); +39-081-566-7568 (C.A.)
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7
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Activating Structural Alterations in MAPK Genes Are Distinct Genetic Drivers in a Unique Subgroup Of Spitzoid Neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol 2019; 43:538-548. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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8
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Chan JYW, Tsui JCC, Law PTW, So WKW, Leung DYP, Sham MMK, Tsui SKW, Chan CWH. Profiling of the silica-induced molecular events in lung epithelial cells using the RNA-Seq approach. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:1162-1173. [PMID: 28425640 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis is a prolonged, irreversible and incurable occupational disease, and there is a significant number of newly diagnosed cases every year in Hong Kong. Due to the long latency of the disease, the diagnosis can be missed until detailed clinical examination at a later stage. For a better control of this deadly disease, detailing the pro-inflammatory and fibrotic events in the macrophage would be instrumental in understanding the pathogenesis of the disease and essential for the significant biomarkers discovery. In this in vitro study, human cell line model A549 lung epithelial cells were used. The immediate molecular events underneath the activation of quartz silica polymorphs were followed in a time course of 0, 0.5, 2, 8, 16 and 24 h. The transcriptome library was prepared and subjected to RNA-Seq analysis. Data analysis was performed by pathway analysis tools and verified by real-time PCR. The results showed that triggered genes were mainly found in the immune response and inflammatory pathways. An interesting finding was the association of the DNA-binding protein inhibitor (ID) family in the silica exposure to lung cells. The linkage of ID1, ID2 and ID3 to cancer may rationalize themselves to be the markers indicating an early response of silicosis. However, further studies are required to consolidate the roles of these genes in silicosis. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Y W Chan
- Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph C C Tsui
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick T W Law
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Winnie K W So
- Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Doris Y P Leung
- Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | | | - Stephen K W Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Carmen W H Chan
- Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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9
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Endo A, Tomizawa D, Aoki Y, Morio T, Mizutani S, Takagi M. EWSR1/ELF5 induces acute myeloid leukemia by inhibiting p53/p21 pathway. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1745-1754. [PMID: 27627705 PMCID: PMC5198945 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) gene is known to fuse with various partner genes to promote the development of the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors and other sarcomas. In contrast, the association of EWSR1 chimeric fusion genes with leukemia has rarely been reported. We identified a novel EWSR1‐associated chimeric fusion gene in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia harboring 46, XY, t (11; 22) (p13; q12) karyotype abnormality. The patient was refractory to intensified chemotherapy including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Total RNA paired‐end sequencing identified a novel chimeric fusion gene as EWSR1/ELF5, a member of the E26 transformation‐specific transcription factor family. Transduction of EWSR1/ELF5 to NIH3T3 cells induced transformation by attenuating with the p53/p21‐dependent pathway. The injection of EWSR1/ELF5‐transduced NIH3T3 cells into NSG‐SCID mice systematically induced the development of tumors in vivo. These results revealed the oncogenic potency of EWSR1/ELF5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Endo
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tomizawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Leukemia and Lymphoma, Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Aoki
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuki Mizutani
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takagi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Sand M, Bechara FG, Sand D, Gambichler T, Hahn SA, Bromba M, Stockfleth E, Hessam S. Circular RNA expression in basal cell carcinoma. Epigenomics 2016; 8:619-32. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2015-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Circular RNAs (circRNAs), are nonprotein coding RNAs consisting of a circular loop with multiple miRNA, binding sites called miRNA response elements (MREs), functioning as miRNA sponges. This study was performed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs and their MREs in basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Materials & methods: Microarray circRNA expression profiles were acquired from BCC and control followed by qRT-PCR validation. Bioinformatical target prediction revealed multiple MREs. Sequence analysis was performed concerning MRE interaction potential with the BCC miRNome. Results: We identified 23 upregulated and 48 downregulated circRNAs with 354 miRNA response elements capable of sequestering miRNA target sequences of the BCC miRNome. Conclusion: The present study describes a variety of circRNAs that are potentially involved in the molecular pathogenesis of BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sand
- Dermatologic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Catholic Clinics of the Ruhr Peninsula, 45257 Essen, Germany
| | - Falk G Bechara
- Dermatologic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Sand
- University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Thilo Gambichler
- Dermatologic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan A Hahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Knappschaftskrankenhaus University of Bochum, Zentrum für Klinische Forschung, Labor für Molekulare Gastroenterologische Onkologie, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Bromba
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Catholic Clinics of the Ruhr Peninsula, 45257 Essen, Germany
| | - Eggert Stockfleth
- Dermatologic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Schapoor Hessam
- Dermatologic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
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11
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Sand M, Bechara FG, Sand D, Gambichler T, Hahn SA, Bromba M, Stockfleth E, Hessam S. Expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Epigenomics 2016; 8:501-18. [PMID: 27067026 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2015-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite there being over 35,000 different long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) sequences described little is known regarding their molecular-pathological role in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). MATERIALS & METHODS In this pilot study, lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles were determined in cSCC and control (n = 6) by an Arraystar human lncRNA Microarray. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment and gene ontology analysis of mRNAs was performed. RESULTS Analysis of differential expression revealed 1516 upregulated lncRNAs and 2586 downregulated lncRNAs in cSCC compared with controls. Data analysis identified known oncogenic lncRNAs, such as the HOX transcript antisense RNA HOTAIR, among the differentially expressed lncRNA sequences. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that focal adhesion, extracellular matrix and the oncogenic phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase-Akt signaling pathway had the highest enrichment scores. CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence for differential expression of lncRNA in cSCC and serves as a template for further, larger functional in-depth analyses regarding cSCC molecular lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sand
- Dermatologic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany.,Department of Plastic Surgery, St Josef Hospital, Catholic Clinics of the Ruhr Peninsula, 45257 Essen, Germany
| | - Falk G Bechara
- Dermatologic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Sand
- University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Thilo Gambichler
- Dermatologic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan A Hahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Knappschaftskrankenhaus University of Bochum, Zentrum für Klinische Forschung, Labor für Molekulare Gastroenterologische Onkologie, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Bromba
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St Josef Hospital, Catholic Clinics of the Ruhr Peninsula, 45257 Essen, Germany
| | - Eggert Stockfleth
- Dermatologic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Schapoor Hessam
- Dermatologic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
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12
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Piggin CL, Roden DL, Gallego-Ortega D, Lee HJ, Oakes SR, Ormandy CJ. ELF5 isoform expression is tissue-specific and significantly altered in cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:4. [PMID: 26738740 PMCID: PMC4704400 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0666-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background E74-like factor 5 (ELF5) is an epithelial-specific member of the E26 transforming sequence (ETS) transcription factor family and a critical regulator of cell fate in the placenta, pulmonary bronchi, and milk-producing alveoli of the mammary gland. ELF5 also plays key roles in malignancy, particularly in basal-like and endocrine-resistant forms of breast cancer. Almost all genes undergo alternative transcription or splicing, which increases the diversity of protein structure and function. Although ELF5 has multiple isoforms, this has not been considered in previous studies of ELF5 function. Methods RNA-sequencing data for 6757 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed to characterize ELF5 isoform expression in multiple normal tissues and cancers. Extensive in vitro analysis of ELF5 isoforms, including a 116-gene quantitative polymerase chain reaction panel, was performed in breast cancer cell lines. Results ELF5 isoform expression was found to be tissue-specific due to alternative promoter use but altered in multiple cancer types. The normal breast expressed one main isoform, while in breast cancer there were subtype-specific alterations in expression. Expression of other ETS factors was also significantly altered in breast cancer, with the basal-like subtype demonstrating a distinct ETS expression profile. In vitro inducible expression of the full-length isoforms 1 and 2, as well as isoform 3 (lacking the Pointed domain) had similar phenotypic and transcriptional effects. Conclusions Alternative promoter use, conferring differential regulatory responses, is the main mechanism governing ELF5 action rather than differential transcriptional activity of the isoforms. This understanding of expression and function at the isoform level is a vital first step in realizing the potential of transcription factors such as ELF5 as prognostic markers or therapeutic targets in cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-015-0666-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Piggin
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research/The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Daniel L Roden
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research/The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - David Gallego-Ortega
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research/The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Heather J Lee
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research/The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
| | - Samantha R Oakes
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research/The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Christopher J Ormandy
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research/The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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Borelli V, Moura RR, Trevisan E, Crovella S. NLRP1 and NLRP3 polymorphisms in mesothelioma patients and asbestos exposed individuals a population-based autopsy study from North East Italy. Infect Agent Cancer 2015; 10:26. [PMID: 26236392 PMCID: PMC4521353 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-015-0022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
NRLP1 (rs12150220, rs9889625, rs9900356, rs6502867, rs2670660) and NLRP3 (rs35829419, rs10754558) polymorphisms have been analyzed in 69 subjects with documented asbestos exposure and death for malignant pleural mesothelioma and 59 patients with documented asbestos exposure but death for other causes, all from a North East Italy. No association was found between NLRP1 and NLRP3 polymorphisms and susceptibility to develop mesothelioma using the general, dominant or recessive models. Also haplotype analysis did not reveal any significant association with mesothelioma. Our findings, being controversial with respect to another study on Italian patients, do suggest the need of further studies to unravel the contribution of NLRP1 and NLRP3 in susceptibility to mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Borelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ronal R Moura
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Elisa Trevisan
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil ; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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MAP3K3 expression in tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is correlated with favorable patient survival in lung cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11471. [PMID: 26088427 PMCID: PMC4650617 DOI: 10.1038/srep11471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MAP3K3 is involved in both the immune response and in tumor progression. Its potential biological role in vitro in lung cancer cell lines and the association of mRNA/protein expression patterns with clinical outcome of primary lung tumors were investigated in this study. Silencing MAP3K3 using siRNA in lung cancer cell lines resulted in decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion. These effects were associated with down-regulation of the JNK, p38, AKT, and GSK3β pathways as determined using phospho-protein and gene expression array analyses. However, MAP3K3 mRNA and protein overexpression in primary lung tumors correlated significantly with favorable patient survival. Gene cluster and pathway analyses of primary tumor datasets indicated that genes positively-correlated with MAP3K3 are significantly involved in immune response rather than the cell cycle regulators observed using in vitro analyses. These results indicate that although MAP3K3 overexpression has an oncogenic role in vitro, in primary lung adenocarcinomas it correlates with an active immune response in the tumor environment that correlates with improved patient survival. MAP3K3 may potentially not only serve as diagnostic/prognostic markers for patients with lung cancer but also provide an indicator for future investigations into immunomodulatory therapies for lung cancer.
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