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Fan C, Xiong F, Zhang S, Gong Z, Liao Q, Li G, Guo C, Xiong W, Huang H, Zeng Z. Role of adhesion molecules in cancer and targeted therapy. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:940-957. [PMID: 38212458 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Adhesion molecules mediate cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions and transmit mechanical and chemical signals among them. Various mechanisms deregulate adhesion molecules in cancer, enabling tumor cells to proliferate without restraint, invade through tissue boundaries, escape from immune surveillance, and survive in the tumor microenvironment. Recent studies have revealed that adhesion molecules also drive angiogenesis, reshape metabolism, and are involved in stem cell self-renewal. In this review, we summarize the functions and mechanisms of adhesion molecules in cancer and the tumor microenvironment, as well as the therapeutic strategies targeting adhesion molecules. These studies have implications for furthering our understanding of adhesion molecules in cancer and providing a paradigm for exploring novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Zhaojian Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Can Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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Granata S, Vivarelli F, Morosini C, Canistro D, Paolini M, Fairclough LC. Toxicological Aspects Associated with Consumption from Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS): Focus on Heavy Metals Exposure and Cancer Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2737. [PMID: 38473984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking remains one of the leading causes of premature death worldwide. Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDSs) are proposed as a tool for smoking cessation. In the last few years, a growing number of different types of ENDSs were launched onto the market. Despite the manufacturing differences, ENDSs can be classified as "liquid e-cigarettes" (e-cigs) equipped with an atomizer that vaporizes a liquid composed of vegetable glycerin (VG), polypropylene glycol (PG), and nicotine, with the possible addition of flavorings; otherwise, the "heated tobacco products" (HTPs) heat tobacco sticks through contact with an electronic heating metal element. The presence of some metals in the heating systems, as well as in solder joints, involves the possibility that heavy metal ions can move from these components to the liquid, or they can be adsorbed into the tobacco stick from the heating blade in the case of HTPs. Recent evidence has indicated the presence of heavy metals in the refill liquids and in the mainstream such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb). The present review discusses the toxicological aspects associated with the exposition of heavy metals by consumption from ENDSs, focusing on metal carcinogenesis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Granata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Vivarelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Morosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Donatella Canistro
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Moreno Paolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucy C Fairclough
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, East Dr, Nottingham NG7 2TQ, UK
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Guo Q, Lu Y, Liu W, Lan G, Lan T. The global, regional, and national disease burden of breast cancer attributable to tobacco from 1990 to 2019: a global burden of disease study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:107. [PMID: 38184557 PMCID: PMC10770986 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17405-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tobacco has been identified as a significant contributory element to the development of breast cancer. Our objective was to evaluate the spatiotemporal trends of tobacco-related breast cancer at the global, regional, and national scales during 1990-2019. METHODS We extracted data on mortality, disability adjusted of life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was computed to assess the temporal change in ASDR and ASMR. RESULTS In 2019, the deaths and DALYs attributed to tobacco-related breast cancer were estimated to be 35,439 (95% UI: 22,179-48,119) and 1,060,590 (95% UI: 622,550-1,462,580), respectively. These figures accounted for 5.1% and 5.2% of the total burden of breast cancer. ASMR and ASDR increased in low SDI regions, remained stable in low-middle and middle SDI regions and declined in high and high-middle SDI regions. The burden of breast cancer attributable to tobacco varied notably among regions and nations. Oceania, Southern Latin America, and Central Europe were the GBD regions with the highest number of ASMR and DALYs. There was a positive relationship between age-standardized rate and SDI value in 2019 across 204 nations or territories. A negative association was observed between the EAPC in ASMR or ASDR and the human development index (HDI) in 2019 (R = -0.55, p < 0.01 for ASMR; R = -0.56, p < 0.01 for ASDR). CONCLUSION Tobacco is one important and modifiable risk factor for breast cancer. The heterogeneity in both the spatial and temporal distribution can be attributed to factors such as aging, population growth, and SDI. These findings substantiate the necessity of expediting the enforcement of tobacco-free legislation in order to safeguard populations from the detrimental effects of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiusheng Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Jiangshan, Quzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaochen Lan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tian Lan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang XF, Zhang XL, Wang YJ, Fang Y, Li ML, Liu XY, Luo HY, Tian Y. The regulatory network of the chemokine CCL5 in colorectal cancer. Ann Med 2023; 55:2205168. [PMID: 37141250 PMCID: PMC10161960 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2205168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CCL5 plays a potential role in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous studies have shown that CCL5 directly acts on tumor cells to change tumor metastatic rates. In addition, CCL5 recruits immune cells and immunosuppressive cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME) and reshapes the TME to adapt to tumor growth or increase antitumor immune efficacy, depending on the type of secretory cells releasing CCL5, the cellular function of CCL5 recruitment, and the underlying mechanisms. However, at present, research on the role played by CCL5 in the occurrence and development of CRC is still limited, and whether CCL5 promotes the occurrence and development of CRC and its role remain controversial. This paper discusses the cells recruited by CCL5 in patients with CRC and the specific mechanism of this recruitment, as well as recent clinical studies of CCL5 in patients with CRC.Key MessagesCCL5 plays dual roles in colorectal cancer progression.CCL5 remodels the tumor microenvironment to adapt to colorectal cancer tumor growth by recruiting immunosuppressive cells or by direct action.CCL5 inhibits colorectal cancer tumor growth by recruiting immune cells or by direct action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Feng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ya-Jing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Organ Transplant Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Meng-Li Li
- Honghui Hospital affiliated to Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xing-Yu Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hua-You Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Sala M, Gotti C. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS): A convenient means of smoking? Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106885. [PMID: 37634554 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), which are becoming increasingly popular in many parts of the world, have recently become more sophisticated in terms of their more active content and better controlled vaporisation. This review begins by describing how cigarette smoking led to the development of ENDS as a means of combatting nicotine addiction. ENDS are usually categorised as belonging to one of only three main generations, but a fourth has been added in order to differentiate the latest, most powerful, most advanced and innovative that have improved heating efficiency. Descriptions of the principal substances contained in ENDS are followed by considerations concerning the risk of toxicity due to the presence of albeit low concentrations of such a variety of compounds inhaled over a long time, and the increasingly widespread use of ENDS as a means of smoking illicit drugs. We also review the most widely used pharmacotherapeutic approaches to smoking cessation, and recent epidemiological data showing that ENDS can help some people to stop smoking. However, in order to ensure their appropriate regulation, there is a need for higher-quality evidence concerning the health effects and safety of ENDS, and their effectiveness in discouraging tobacco smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaelvina Sala
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR-Milan Unit, c/o Bldg. U28, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Follereau 3, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, MB, Italy; NeuroMi Milan Center for Neuroscience University of Milano Bicocca,Italy.
| | - Cecilia Gotti
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR-Milan Unit, c/o Bldg. U28, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Follereau 3, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, MB, Italy; NeuroMi Milan Center for Neuroscience University of Milano Bicocca,Italy
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Kountouras J, Papaefthymiou A, Polyzos SA, Liatsos C, Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou M, Chatzopoulos D, Vardaka E, Gialamprinou D, Kotronis G, Thavayogarajah T, Doulberis M. Adverse Outcomes of E-cigarette in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:701-702. [PMID: 35930122 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
- , 8 Fanariou St, Byzantio, 551 33, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Apostolis Papaefthymiou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larisa, 41110, Larisa, Greece
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Christos Liatsos
- Department of Gastroenterology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, 54124, Attiki, Greece
| | - Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Koila, 50100, Kozani, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Chatzopoulos
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Vardaka
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, 57400, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Dimitra Gialamprinou
- Second Neonatal Department and NICU, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, 56403, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Georgios Kotronis
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Aghios Pavlos of Thessaloniki, 55134, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Tharshika Thavayogarajah
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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da Silva PF, de Matos NA, Ramos CDO, Castro TDF, Araújo NPDS, de Souza ABF, Costa GDP, Cangussú SD, Talvani A, Nagato AC, Bezerra FS. Acute Outcomes of Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Inhalation in a Murine Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9938179. [PMID: 36193298 PMCID: PMC9526610 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9938179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking throughout life causes serious health issues in the lungs. The electronic cigarette (E-Cig) use increased, since it was first introduced in the world. This research work compared the short-term exposure consequences to e-cigarette vapor and cigarette smoke in male mice. Forty-five C57BL/6 mice were randomized into control (C) in an ambient air exposition cigarette smoke (CS) and aerosol electronic cigarette (EC), both were exposed to 120 puffs, 3 times/day during five days. Then, in the experimental protocol, the euthanized mice had their tissues removed for analysis. Our study showed that CS and EC resulted in higher cell influx into the airways, and an increase in macrophage counts in CS (209.25 ± 7.41) and EC (220.32 ± 8.15) when compared to C (108.40 ± 4.49) (p < 0.0001). The CS (1.92 ± 0.23) displayed a higher pulmonary lipid peroxidation as opposed to C (0.93 ± 0.06) and EC (1.23 ± 0.17) (p < 0.05). The EC (282.30 ± 25.68) and CS (368.50 ± 38.05) promoted increased levels of interleukin 17 when compared to C (177.20 ± 10.49) (p < 0.05). The EC developed shifts in lung histoarchitecture, characterized by a higher volume density in the alveolar air space (60.21; 55.00-65.83) related to C (51.25; 18.75-68.75) and CS (50.26; 43.75-62.08) (p =0.002). The EC (185.6 ± 9.01) presented a higher respiratory rate related to CS (133.6 ± 10.2) (p < 0.002). Therefore, our findings demonstrated that the short-term exposure to e-cig promoted more acute inflammation comparing to cigarette smoke in the ventilatory parameters of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Félix da Silva
- Experimental Pathophysiology Laboratory (LAFEx), Biological Sciences Department (DECBI), Research Center in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Brazil
| | - Natália Alves de Matos
- Experimental Pathophysiology Laboratory (LAFEx), Biological Sciences Department (DECBI), Research Center in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Brazil
| | - Camila de Oliveira Ramos
- Experimental Pathophysiology Laboratory (LAFEx), Biological Sciences Department (DECBI), Research Center in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Brazil
| | - Thalles de Freitas Castro
- Experimental Pathophysiology Laboratory (LAFEx), Biological Sciences Department (DECBI), Research Center in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Brazil
| | - Natália Pereira da Silva Araújo
- Experimental Pathophysiology Laboratory (LAFEx), Biological Sciences Department (DECBI), Research Center in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Farias de Souza
- Experimental Pathophysiology Laboratory (LAFEx), Biological Sciences Department (DECBI), Research Center in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Paula Costa
- Immunobiology of Inflammation Laboratory (LABIIN), Biological Sciences Department (DECBI), Research Center in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Brazil
| | - Sílvia Dantas Cangussú
- Experimental Pathophysiology Laboratory (LAFEx), Biological Sciences Department (DECBI), Research Center in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Immunobiology of Inflammation Laboratory (LABIIN), Biological Sciences Department (DECBI), Research Center in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Brazil
| | - Akinori Cardozo Nagato
- Immunopathology Laboratory and Experimental Pathology, Reproductive Biology Center (CRB), Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Experimental Pathophysiology Laboratory (LAFEx), Biological Sciences Department (DECBI), Research Center in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Brazil
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Vivarelli F, Granata S, Rullo L, Mussoni M, Candeletti S, Romualdi P, Fimognari C, Cruz-Chamorro I, Carrillo-Vico A, Paolini M, Canistro D. On the toxicity of e-cigarettes consumption: Focus on pathological cellular mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106315. [PMID: 35724819 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking remains without a doubt one of the leading causes of premature death worldwide. In combination with conventional protocols for smoking cessation, e-cigarettes have been proposed as a useful tool to quit smoking. Advertised as almost free of toxic effects, e-cigarettes have rapidly increased their popularity, becoming a sought-after device, especially among young people. Recently some health concerns about e-cigarette consumption are being raised. It is well known that they can release several toxic compounds, some of which are carcinogenic to humans, and emerging results are now outlining the risks related to the onset of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and even cancer. The present review shows the emerging evidence about the role of technical components of the devices, the e-liquid composition as well as customization by consumers. The primary topics we discuss are the main toxicological aspects associated with e-cigarette consumption, focusing on the molecular pathways involved. Here it will be shown how exposure to e-cigarette aerosol induces stress/mitochondrial toxicity, DNA breaks/fragmentation following the same pathological pathways triggered by tobacco smoke, including the deregulation of molecular signalling axis associated with cancer progression and cell migration. Risk to fertility and pregnancy, as well as cardiovascular risk associated with e-cigarette use, have also been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Vivarelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Silvia Granata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery - University of Milano - Bicocca
| | - Laura Rullo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Mussoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sanzio Candeletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Romualdi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Ivan Cruz-Chamorro
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Carrillo-Vico
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Moreno Paolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Donatella Canistro
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Zhang J, Wang D, Chen X, Ji L, Yu M, Guo M, Zhang D, Chen W, Xu F. Upregulation of Ferroptosis-Related Fanconi Anemia Group D2 is a Poor Prognostic Factor and an Indicator of Tumor Immune Cell Infiltration in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:825685. [PMID: 35646059 PMCID: PMC9130730 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.825685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) group D2 (FANCD2) is a ferroptosis-related gene crucial for DNA damage repair and negative ferroptosis regulation. Our study aimed to evaluate its prognostic value as well as its association with ferroptosis and immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Transcriptome sequencing data, clinical information, and immunohistochemistry data were collected from the TCGA, GEO, and HPA databases, respectively, for three independent cohorts. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the correlations between FANCD2 expression and overall survival or clinicopathological parameters. cBioPortal was utilized to investigate the FANCD2 alteration status. Gene and protein networks based on FANCD2 interactions were generated using GeneMANIA and STRING, respectively. Based on the CancerSEA database, the function of FANCD2 was explored at the single-cell level. The relationships between FANCD2 expression levels and tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their equivalent gene signatures were analyzed using TIMER, GEPIA, TISIDB, and ssGSEA databases. CIBERSORT was used to analyze the relevance of the infiltration of 24 types of immune cells. The results revealed that FANCD2 expression was significantly upregulated in LUAD and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) tissues than that in normal tissues. Further, the overexpression of FANCD2 was closely associated with poor survival for Patients with LUAD but not for patients with LUSC. FANCD2 expression levels were related to tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their matching gene signatures, including CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DC), and Th2 cells in cases of LUAD. Therefore, FANCD2 was identified as a crucial molecule underlying the synergistic effects of ferroptosis and immunotherapy for Patients with LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dongli Wang
- Digestive Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiubao Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lingyun Ji
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Minmin Yu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Minghao Guo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dexin Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Weida Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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10
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Khodabandeh Z, Valilo M, Velaei K, Pirpour Tazehkand A. The potential role of nicotine in breast cancer initiation, development, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Breast Cancer 2022; 29:778-789. [PMID: 35583594 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-022-01369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A large body of research studying the relationship between tobacco and cancer has led to the knowledge that smoking cigarettes adversely affects cancer treatment while contributing to the development of various tobacco-related cancers. Nicotine is the main addictive component of tobacco smoke and promotes angiogenesis, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) while promoting growth and metastasis of tumors. Nicotine generally acts through the induction of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), although the contribution of other receptor subunits has also been reported. Nicotine contributes to the pathogenesis of a wide range of cancers including breast cancer through its carcinogens such as (4-methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN). Current study aims to review the mechanistic function of nicotine in the initiation, development, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis of breast cancer with the main focus on nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and nAChR-mediated signaling pathways as well as on its potential for the development of an effective treatment against breast cancer. Moreover, we will try to demonstrate how nicotine leads to poor treatment response in breast cancer by enhancing the population, proliferation, and self-renewal of cancer stem cells (CSCs) through the activation of α7-nAChR receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Khodabandeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Valilo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kobra Velaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Abbas Pirpour Tazehkand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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11
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Malla R, Padmaraju V, Kundrapu DB. Tumor-associated macrophages: Potential target of natural compounds for management of breast cancer. Life Sci 2022; 301:120572. [PMID: 35489567 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A large body of experimental research reveals that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major immunosuppressor cells in the breast tumor microenvironment (TME). The infiltration of macrophages is correlated with inverse outcomes like disease-free survival and overall survival of cancer patients. They are responsible for heterogeneity, metastasis, and drug resistance. Further, their density in tumor beds is correlated with stage and therapy response. The current review is aimed at summarizing mechanisms and signaling pathways that modulate immune-suppressive phenotype and expansion of TAMs. The review presents an overview of the interdependence of tumor cells and TAMs in TME to promote metastasis, drug resistance and immune suppressive phenotype. This review also presents the potential natural compounds that modulate the immune-suppressive functions of TAMs and their signaling pathways. Finally, this review provides nanotechnology approaches for the targeted delivery of natural products. This review shed light on BC management including clinical studies on the prognostic relevance of TAMs and natural compounds that sensitizes BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- RamaRao Malla
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Dept. of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 531001, Andhra Pradesh, India; Dept of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 531001, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Vasudevaraju Padmaraju
- Dept of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 531001, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Durga Bhavani Kundrapu
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Dept. of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 531001, Andhra Pradesh, India; Dept of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 531001, Andhra Pradesh, India
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12
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Entezari M, Sadrkhanloo M, Rashidi M, Asnaf SE, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Rabiee N, Hushmandi K, Mirzaei S, Sethi G. Non-coding RNAs and macrophage interaction in tumor progression. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 173:103680. [PMID: 35405273 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The macrophages are abundantly found in TME and their M2 polarization is in favor of tumor malignancy. On the other hand, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can modulate macrophage polarization in TME to affect cancer progression. The miRNAs can dually induce/suppress M2 polarization of macrophages and by affecting various molecular pathways, they modulate tumor progression and therapy response. The lncRNAs can affect miRNAs via sponging and other molecular pathways to modulate macrophage polarization. A few experiments have also examined role of circRNAs in targeting signaling networks and affecting macrophages. The therapeutic targeting of these ncRNAs can mediate TME remodeling and affect macrophage polarization. Furthermore, exosomal ncRNAs derived from tumor cells or macrophages can modulate polarization and TME remodeling. Suppressing biogenesis and secretion of exosomes can inhibit ncRNA-mediated M2 polarization of macrophages and prevent tumor progression. The ncRNAs, especially exosomal ncRNAs can be considered as non-invasive biomarkers for tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sholeh Etehad Asnaf
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Navid Rabiee
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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13
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Heterogeneity of Synchronous Lung Metastasis Calls for Risk Stratification and Prognostic Classification: Evidence from a Population-Based Database. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071608. [PMID: 35406378 PMCID: PMC8996888 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiology and associated potential heterogeneity of synchronous lung metastasis (sLM) have not been reported at a population-based level. Cancer patients with valid information about sLM status in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were enrolled. The prevalence of sLM, with a 95% confidential interval, and median survival of sLM, with interquartile range, were calculated and compared by Chi-square analyses and log-rank tests by primary cancer type and clinicopathological factors. Furthermore, the risk factors of sLM development were identified by multivariate logistic regression. Among 1,672,265 enrolled cases, 3.3% cases were identified with sLM, with a median survival of 7 months. Heterogeneity in prevalence and prognosis in sLM was observed among different primary cancers, with the highest prevalence in main bronchus cancer and best survival in testis cancer. Higher prevalence and poorer prognosis were observed in the older population, male population, African American, patients with lower socioeconomic status, and cases with advanced T stage, N stage, or more malignant pathological characteristics. Race, age, T stage, N stage, metastasis to other sites, insurance status and marital status were associated with sLM development (p < 0.001). The current study highlights the heterogeneity of the prevalence and prognosis in patients with sLM.
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14
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Snoderly HT, Nurkiewicz TR, Bowdridge EC, Bennewitz MF. E-Cigarette Use: Device Market, Study Design, and Emerging Evidence of Biological Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12452. [PMID: 34830344 PMCID: PMC8619996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes are frequently viewed as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes; however, evidence to support this perspective has not materialized. Indeed, the current literature reports that electronic cigarette use is associated with both acute lung injury and subclinical dysfunction to the lung and vasculature that may result in pathology following chronic use. E-cigarettes can alter vascular dynamics, polarize innate immune populations towards a proinflammatory state, compromise barrier function in the pulmonary endothelium and epithelium, and promote pre-oncogenic phenomena. This review will summarize the variety of e-cigarette products available to users, discuss current challenges in e-cigarette study design, outline the range of pathologies occurring in cases of e-cigarette associated acute lung injury, highlight disease supporting tissue- and cellular-level changes resulting from e-cigarette exposure, and briefly examine how these changes may promote tumorigenesis. Continued research of the mechanisms by which e-cigarettes induce pathology benefit users and clinicians by resulting in increased regulation of vaping devices, informing treatments for emerging diseases e-cigarettes produce, and increasing public awareness to reduce e-cigarette use and the onset of preventable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter T. Snoderly
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (T.R.N.); (E.C.B.)
| | - Timothy R. Nurkiewicz
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (T.R.N.); (E.C.B.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Bowdridge
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (T.R.N.); (E.C.B.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Margaret F. Bennewitz
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (T.R.N.); (E.C.B.)
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15
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Gordon T, Karey E, Rebuli ME, Escobar Y, Jaspers I, Chi Chen L. E-Cigarette Toxicology. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 62:301-322. [PMID: 34555289 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-042921-084202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since the spread of tobacco from the Americas hundreds of years ago, tobacco cigarettes and, more recently, alternative tobacco products have become global products of nicotine addiction. Within the evolving alternative tobacco product space, electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vaping has surpassed conventional cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults in the United States and beyond. This review describes the experimental and clinical evidence of e-cigarette toxicity and deleterious health effects. Adverse health effects related to e-cigarette aerosols are influenced by several factors, including e-liquid components, physical device factors, chemical changes related to heating, and health of the e-cigarette user (e.g., asthmatic). Federal, state, and local regulations have attempted to govern e-cigarette flavors, manufacturing, distribution, and availability, particularly to underaged youths. However, the evolving e-cigarette landscape continues to impede timely toxicological studies and hinder progress made toward our understanding of the long-term health consequence of e-cigarettes. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Emma Karey
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Meghan E Rebuli
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Yael Escobar
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Lung Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
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16
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Prasad KN, Bondy SC. Electronic cigarette aerosol increases the risk of organ dysfunction by enhancing oxidative stress and inflammation. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2561-2567. [PMID: 34474637 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1972680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An electronic cigarette is a rechargeable device that produces an inhaled aerosol containing varying levels of nicotine, and inorganic and organic toxicants and carcinogenic compounds. The aerosol is generated by heating a solution of propylene glycol and glycerin with nicotine and flavoring ingredients at a high temperature. The e-cigarette was developed and marketed as a safer alternative to the regular cigarette which is known to be injurious to human health. However, published studies suggest that the aerosol of e-cigarette can also have adverse health effects. The main objective of this review is to briefly describe some consequences of e-cigarette smoking, and to present data showing that the resulting increased oxidative stress and inflammation are likely to be involved in effecting to lung damage. Other organs are also likely to be affected. The aerosol contains varying amounts of organic and inorganic toxicants as well as carcinogens, which might serve as the source of such deleterious events. In addition, the aerosol also contains nicotine, which is known to be addictive. E-cigarette smoking releases these toxicants into the air leading to inhalation by nonsmokers in residential or work place areas. Unlike regular tobacco smoke, the long-term consequences of direct and secondhand exposure to e-cigarette aerosol have not been extensively studied but based on available data, e-cigarette aerosol should be considered harmful to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen C Bondy
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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17
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Chen S, Morine Y, Tokuda K, Yamada S, Saito Y, Nishi M, Ikemoto T, Shimada M. Cancer‑associated fibroblast‑induced M2‑polarized macrophages promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression via the plasminogen activator inhibitor‑1 pathway. Int J Oncol 2021; 59:59. [PMID: 34195849 PMCID: PMC8253588 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the tumor stroma is an important strategy in cancer treatment. Cancer‑associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor‑associated macrophages (TAMs) are two main components in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which can promote tumor progression. Plasminogen activator inhibitor‑1 (PAI‑1) upregulation in HCC is predictive of unfavorable tumor behavior and prognosis. However, the crosstalk between cancer cells, TAMs and CAFs, and the functions of PAI‑1 in HCC remain to be fully investigated. In the present study, macrophage polarization and key paracrine factors were assessed during their interactions with CAFs and cancer cells. Cell proliferation, wound healing and Transwell and Matrigel assays were used to investigate the malignant behavior of HCC cells in vitro. It was found that cancer cells and CAFs induced the M2 polarization of TAMs by upregulating the mRNA expression levels of CD163 and CD206, and downregulating IL‑6 mRNA expression and secretion in the macrophages. Both TAMs derived from cancer cells and CAFs promoted HCC cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, PAI‑1 expression was upregulated in TAMs after being stimulated with CAF‑conditioned medium and promoted the malignant behavior of the HCC cells by mediating epithelial‑mesenchymal transition. CAFs were the main producer of C‑X‑C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) in the TME and CXCL12 contributed to the induction of PAI‑1 secretion in TAMs. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that CAFs promoted the M2 polarization of macrophages and induced PAI‑1 secretion via CXCL12. Furthermore, it was found that PAI‑1 produced by the TAMs enhanced the malignant behavior of the HCC cells. Therefore, these factors may be targets for inhibiting the crosstalk between tumor cells, CAFs and TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhai Chen
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Morine
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tokuda
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yamada
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Yu Saito
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nishi
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikemoto
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
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Pham K, DeFina S, Wang H. E-Cigarettes Promote Macrophage-Tumor Cells Crosstalk: Focus on Breast Carcinoma Progression and Lung Metastasis. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2021; 6:60-66. [PMID: 35419501 PMCID: PMC9005083 DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2021.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recurrence and metastasis are the foremost causes of morbidity and mortality for breast cancer (BC). Recent studies have highlighted the critical role of the tumor microenvironment, in particular, because it is related to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), in metastasis of BC. TAMs are mainly derived from macrophages that are recruited by C-C motif chemokine ligand 5, which are secreted by cancer cells and cancer-related stromal cells. Although E-cigarettes (E-cigs) were originally proposed as a healthy substitute for conventional cigarette smoking, clinical and experimental evidence has highlighted the potentially lethal effects of this alternative. Several studies have illustrated the immune or macrophage activation and DNA damaging effects of E-cigs. However, the potentially pivotal role of TAM-BC crosstalk during BC progression and metastasis for E-cig vaping has not been explored. This review discussed the significant effect that E-cig use had on the BC tumor microenvironment, which ultimately led to enhanced tumor malignancy and metastasis, with an emphasis on the extent that E-cig uses had on the crosstalk between cancer and immune cells, as well as the potential underlying mechanisms that drive this aggressive phenotype of BC. This review advances our understanding of this matter and provides scientific evidence that could highlight risks associated with vaping and suggest a potential intervention for the treatment of aggressive BCs that present an increased risk of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Pham
- Correspondence to: Kien Pham, Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. Fax: +1- 203-785-7303, Tel: +1-203-737-4557, ; He Wang, Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. Fax: +1- 203-785-7303, Tel: +1-203-789-3073,
| | | | - He Wang
- Correspondence to: Kien Pham, Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. Fax: +1- 203-785-7303, Tel: +1-203-737-4557, ; He Wang, Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. Fax: +1- 203-785-7303, Tel: +1-203-789-3073,
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Bjurlin MA, Kamecki H, Gordon T, Krajewski W, Matulewicz RS, Małkiewicz B, Demkow T, Sosnowski R. Alternative tobacco products use and its impact on urologic health - will the lesser evil still be evil? A commentary and review of literature. Cent European J Urol 2021; 74:152-160. [PMID: 34336232 PMCID: PMC8318020 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2021.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alternative tobacco products, including electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and non-combustible tobacco products or heat-not-burn (HNB) products, are substitutes to conventional combustible cigarettes with the potential to impact urologic health, similar to traditional smoking. Most urologists, however, have limited knowledge of these products and are unfamiliar with their potential health implications. We conducted a review to assess the impact of e-cigarettes and HNB products on urologic health. MATERIAL AND METHODS A bibliographic search covering the period up to April, 2021 was conducted using MEDLINE®/PubMed® and Google Scholar. Articles were reviewed and categorized based on the potential impact on erectile dysfunction, semen quality, lower urinary tract symptoms, genitourinary malignancies, and smoking cessation. Data were extracted, analyzed and summarized. RESULTS Mature data on the long-term impact of e-cigarette and HNB product use on urologic health are lacking. E-cigarette and HNB vapors appear to contain decreased concentrations of chemicals responsible for erectile dysfunction compared to tobacco smoke but may play a role through endothelial damage. Use of e-cigarettes is associated with lower sperm counts. No definitive data has shown a link between e-cigarette or HNB product use and lower urinary tract symptoms. Multiple carcinogens including those specifically linked to bladder cancer have been identified in the urine of e-cigarette and HNB product users. Limited data suggest e-cigarettes may aid in smoking cessation. CONCLUSIONS Urologists may benefit from understanding the urologic health concerns surrounding e-cigarettes and HNB product use and patients may benefit from being properly educated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. Bjurlin
- Department of Urology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hubert Kamecki
- Department of Urooncology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wojciech Krajewski
- Department of Urology and Oncologic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Richard S. Matulewicz
- Department of Urology and Department of Population Health, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Bartosz Małkiewicz
- Department of Urology and Oncologic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Demkow
- Department of Urooncology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Sosnowski
- Department of Urooncology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Sepand MR, Aghsami M, Keshvadi MH, Bigdelou B, Behzad R, Zanganeh S, Shadboorestan A. The role of macrophage polarization and function in environmental toxicant-induced cancers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110933. [PMID: 33689818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are a critical member of the innate immune system and can intensify tumor invasiveness and assist the growth of neoplastic cells. Moreover, they have the capability to reinforce immunosuppression and angiogenesis. Various investigations suggest that health-related issues, including inflammatory disorders and neoplastic diseases may be caused by environmental toxicant exposure. However, it is still unclear what role these environmental toxicants play in causing carcinogenesis by disturbing the mechanisms of migration, polarization, differentiation, and immune-stimulatory functions of macrophages. Accordingly, in this article, we will explore the interaction between environmental chemicals and inflammatory macrophage processes at the molecular level and their association with tumor progression and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Sepand
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, Dartmouth, MA, 02747, USA
| | - Mehdi Aghsami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Keshvadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Bigdelou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, Dartmouth, MA, 02747, USA
| | - Ramina Behzad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, Dartmouth, MA, 02747, USA
| | - Steven Zanganeh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, Dartmouth, MA, 02747, USA.
| | - Amir Shadboorestan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Predict multicategory causes of death in lung cancer patients using clinicopathologic factors. Comput Biol Med 2020; 129:104161. [PMID: 33307409 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Random forests (RF) is a widely used machine-learning algorithm, and outperforms many other machine learning algorithms in prediction-accuracy. But it is rarely used for predicting causes of death (COD) in cancer patients. On the other hand, multicategory COD are difficult to classify in lung cancer patients, largely because they have multiple labels (versus binary labels). METHODS We tuned RF algorithms to classify 5-category COD among the lung cancer patients in the surveillance, epidemiology and end results-18, whose lung cancers were diagnosed in 2004, for the completeness in their follow-up. The patients were randomly divided into training and validation sets (1:1 and 4:1 sample-splits). We compared the prediction accuracy of the tuned RF and multinomial logistic regression (MLR) models. RESULTS We included 42,257 qualified lung cancers in the database. The COD were lung cancer (72.41%), other causes or alive (14.43%), non-lung cancer (6.85%), cardiovascular disease (5.35%), and infection (0.96%). The tuned RF model with 300 iterations and 10 variables outperformed the MLR model (accuracy = 69.8% vs 64.6%, 1:1 sample-split), while 4:1 sample-split produced lower prediction-accuracy than 1:1 sample-split. The top-10 important factors in the RF model were sex, chemotherapy status, age (65+ vs < 65 years), radiotherapy status, nodal status, T category, histology type and laterality, all of which except T category and laterality were also important in MLR model. CONCLUSION We tuned RF models to predict 5-category CODs in lung cancer patients, and show RF outperforms MLR in prediction accuracy. We also identified the factors associated with these COD.
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