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Brandão E, Jesus M, Guerreiro C, Maricato É, Coimbra MA, Mateus N, de Freitas V, Soares S. Development of a cell-based quaternary system to unveil the effect of pectic polysaccharides on oral astringency. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121378. [PMID: 37940274 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are responsible for food unpleasant taste properties, including astringency, due to their ability to interact with salivary proteins and oral constituents. Astringency is a crucial attribute for consumer's acceptability. To fulfill the demand for both healthy and tasty food, polysaccharides raise as a good alternative to modulate astringency. In this work, a cell-based quaternary system was developed to evaluate the ability of polysaccharides to reduce the interaction between two classes of hydrolysable tannins - gallotannins (tannic acid) and ellagitannins (punicalagin) - and oral constituents (cells, salivary proteins and mucosal pellicle). So, pectic polysaccharide fractions isolated from grape skins, imidazole soluble polysaccharides (ISP) and carbonate soluble polysaccharides (CSP), as well as a commercial pectin, were tested. Results showed that the polysaccharide's effect depends on the structural features of the molecules involved. CSP fraction and pectin were the most effective, reducing the interactions between both tannins and the oral constituents, mainly in the complete oral model. The highest uronic acid content and the presence of methyl esterified groups could explain their high reduction ability. For tannic acid, the reduction effect increased along with the galloylation degree, while the interaction of β-punicalagin with the oral constituents was practically inhibited at 3.0 mg.mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Brandão
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 689, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Mónica Jesus
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 689, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Guerreiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 689, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Élia Maricato
- QOPNA and LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- QOPNA and LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Mateus
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 689, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Victor de Freitas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 689, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Susana Soares
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 689, Porto, Portugal.
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Sustainable Exopolysaccharide Production by Rhizobium viscosum CECT908 Using Corn Steep Liquor and Sugarcane Molasses as Sole Substrates. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010020. [PMID: 36616373 PMCID: PMC9823382 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are promising alternatives to synthetic polymers in a variety of applications. Their high production costs, however, limit their use despite their outstanding properties. The use of low-cost substrates such as agro-industrial wastes in their production, can help to boost their market competitiveness. In this work, an alternative low-cost culture medium (CSLM) was developed for EPS production by Rhizobium viscosum CECT908, containing sugarcane molasses (60 g/L) and corn steep liquor (10 mL/L) as sole ingredients. This medium allowed the production of 6.1 ± 0.2 g EPS/L, twice the amount produced in the standard medium (Syn), whose main ingredients were glucose and yeast extract. This is the first report of EPS production by R. viscosum using agro-industrial residues as sole substrates. EPSCSLM and EPSSyn exhibited a similar carbohydrate composition, mainly 4-linked galactose, glucose and mannuronic acid. Although both EPS showed a good fit to the Herschel-Bulkley model, EPSCSLM displayed a higher yield stress and flow consistency index when compared with EPSSyn, due to its higher apparent viscosity. EPSCSLM demonstrated its potential use in Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery by enabling the recovery of nearly 50% of the trapped oil in sand-pack column experiments using a heavy crude oil.
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Joseph J, Akkermans S, Van Impe JFM. Processing Method for the Quantification of Methanol and Ethanol from Bioreactor Samples Using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:24121-24133. [PMID: 35874265 PMCID: PMC9301692 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Methanol, a simple polar solvent, has been widely identified as an attractive carbon source to produce chemicals and fuels in bioprocesses. Specifically, to achieve recombinant protein production from methylotrophic yeasts, such as Pichia pastoris, this organic solvent can be used as a sole carbon source for growth and maintenance as well as an inducer for protein expression. However, if methanol feeding is not controlled well in such a fermentation process, accumulation of the solvent in the growth media will have a detrimental effect on the cells. Hence, monitoring the levels of methanol in these fermentation processes is a crucial step to ensure a healthy culture and maximum protein production. There are various techniques elaborated in the literature for monitoring methanol in cell cultures, but often, they appear to be expensive methods that are less affordable for many laboratories. This is because, in addition to the sophisticated equipment that is required for the analysis, the complexity of the samples retrieved from the bioprocesses necessitates laborious processing steps often involving expensive tools. In this study, a fast, simple, and sensitive method is developed to process biological samples by using the salting-out-assisted liquid-liquid extraction technique to quantify the concentration of methanol and ethanol using gas chromatography. On comparing the combinations of widely available salts and solvents, it was noticed that salting out using potassium carbonate followed by the liquid-liquid extraction of the analyte using ethyl acetate showed the best recovery. Followed by this, a validation test for the developed method was performed, which resulted in good peak resolution, linearity, and limit of detection for the quantitation of methanol and ethanol. By further assessing the tested combination, it was confirmed that its application could be extended to other matrices. Such an approach facilitates the possibility to monitor and control the methanol levels in fermentation and aids in bioprocess optimization.
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Fernandes A, Brandão E, Raposo F, Maricato É, Oliveira J, Mateus N, Coimbra MA, de Freitas V. Impact of grape pectic polysaccharides on anthocyanins thermostability. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 239:116240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Brandão E, Fernandes A, Guerreiro C, Coimbra MA, Mateus N, de Freitas V, Soares S. The effect of pectic polysaccharides from grape skins on salivary protein – procyanidin interactions. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 236:116044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Larsen LR, Buerschaper J, Schieber A, Weber F. Interactions of Anthocyanins with Pectin and Pectin Fragments in Model Solutions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9344-9353. [PMID: 31361957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins determine the color and potential health-promoting properties of red fruit juices, but the juices contain remarkably less anthocyanins than the fruits, which is partly caused by the interactions of anthocyanins with the residues of cell wall polysaccharides like pectin. In this study, pectin was modified by ultrasound and enzyme treatments to residues of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides widely differing in their molecular weight. Modifications decreased viscosity and degrees of acetylation and methylation and released smooth and hairy region fragments. Native and modified pectin induced different effects on the concentrations of individual anthocyanins after short-term and long-term incubation caused by both hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions. Results indicate that both pectin and anthocyanin structure influence these interactions. Linear polymers generated by ultrasound formed insoluble anthocyanin complexes, whereas oligosaccharides produced by enzymes formed soluble complexes with protective properties. The structure of the anthocyanin aglycone apparently influenced interactions more than the sugar moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Rebecca Larsen
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology , University of Bonn , Endenicher Allee 19b , D-53111 Bonn , Germany
| | - Julia Buerschaper
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology , University of Bonn , Endenicher Allee 19b , D-53111 Bonn , Germany
| | - Andreas Schieber
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology , University of Bonn , Endenicher Allee 19b , D-53111 Bonn , Germany
| | - Fabian Weber
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology , University of Bonn , Endenicher Allee 19b , D-53111 Bonn , Germany
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Passos CP, Ferreira SS, Serôdio A, Basil E, Marková L, Kukurová K, Ciesarová Z, Coimbra MA. Pectic polysaccharides as an acrylamide mitigation strategy – Competition between reducing sugars and sugar acids. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Ferreira SS, Passos CP, Cepeda MR, Lopes GR, Teixeira-Coelho M, Madureira P, Nunes FM, Vilanova M, Coimbra MA. Structural polymeric features that contribute to in vitro immunostimulatory activity of instant coffee. Food Chem 2018; 242:548-554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Chen D, Harris PJ, Sims IM, Zujovic Z, Melton LD. Polysaccharide compositions of collenchyma cell walls from celery (Apium graveolens L.) petioles. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:104. [PMID: 28619057 PMCID: PMC5472923 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collenchyma serves as a mechanical support tissue for many herbaceous plants. Previous work based on solid-state NMR and immunomicroscopy suggested collenchyma cell walls (CWs) may have similar polysaccharide compositions to those commonly found in eudicotyledon parenchyma walls, but no detailed chemical analysis was available. In this study, compositions and structures of cell wall polysaccharides of peripheral collenchyma from celery petioles were investigated. RESULTS This is the first detailed investigation of the cell wall composition of collenchyma from any plant. Celery petioles were found to elongate throughout their length during early growth, but as they matured elongation was increasingly confined to the upper region, until elongation ceased. Mature, fully elongated, petioles were divided into three equal segments, upper, middle and lower, and peripheral collenchyma strands isolated from each. Cell walls (CWs) were prepared from the strands, which also yielded a HEPES buffer soluble fraction. The CWs were sequentially extracted with CDTA, Na2CO3, 1 M KOH and 4 M KOH. Monosaccharide compositions of the CWs showed that pectin was the most abundant polysaccharide [with homogalacturonan (HG) more abundant than rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) and rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II)], followed by cellulose, and other polysaccharides, mainly xyloglucans, with smaller amounts of heteroxylans and heteromannans. CWs from different segments had similar compositions, but those from the upper segments had slightly more pectin than those from the lower two segments. Further, the pectin in the CWs of the upper segment had a higher degree of methyl esterification than the other segments. In addition to the anticipated water-soluble pectins, the HEPES-soluble fractions surprisingly contained large amounts of heteroxylans. The CDTA and Na2CO3 fractions were rich in HG and RG-I, the 1 M KOH fraction had abundant heteroxylans, the 4 M KOH fraction was rich in xyloglucan and heteromannans, and cellulose was predominant in the final residue. The structures of the xyloglucans, heteroxylans and heteromannans were deduced from the linkage analysis and were similar to those present in most eudicotyledon parenchyma CWs. Cross polarization with magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR spectroscopy showed no apparent difference in the rigid and semi-rigid polysaccharides in the CWs of the three segments. Single-pulse excitation with magic-angle spinning (SPE/MAS) NMR spectroscopy, which detects highly mobile polysaccharides, showed the presence of arabinan, the detailed structure of which varied among the cell walls from the three segments. CONCLUSIONS Celery collenchyma CWs have similar polysaccharide compositions to most eudicotyledon parenchyma CWs. However, celery collenchyma CWs have much higher XG content than celery parenchyma CWs. The degree of methyl esterification of pectin and the structures of the arabinan side chains of RG-I show some variation in the collenchyma CWs from the different segments. Unexpectedly, the HEPES-soluble fraction contained a large amount of heteroxylans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Philip J. Harris
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ian M. Sims
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Zoran Zujovic
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- NMR Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laurence D. Melton
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Martins VMR, Simões J, Ferreira I, Cruz MT, Domingues MR, Coimbra MA. In vitro macrophage nitric oxide production by Pterospartum tridentatum (L.) Willk. inflorescence polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 157:176-184. [PMID: 27987893 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pterospartum tridentatum (L.) Willk. decoctions of dried inflorescences are used in Portugal due to their claimed beneficial properties for various health disorders. To disclose the potential contribution of its polysaccharides to health benefits, in this work, hot water extracts from P. tridentatum inflorescences were prepared and fractionated by ethanol precipitation and anion exchange chromatography. The fraction rich in acetylated galactomannans evidenced an increase in nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages. This activity decreased 60-75% after saponification, confirming that acetylation is an important structural feature for this biological property. In addition, the treatment of pectic polysaccharides with endo-polygalacturonase showed that type-I and type-II arabinogalactans, as well as low molecular weight galacturonans and xyloglucans, may also contribute to macrophage NO production. Thus, the polysaccharides present in P. tridentatum dried inflorescences may contribute to the health beneficial properties frequently attributed to the decoctions of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor M R Martins
- QOPNA and Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CIMO-ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Joana Simões
- QOPNA and Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Ferreira
- CNC, Universidade de Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- CNC, Universidade de Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- QOPNA and Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- QOPNA and Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Fernandes A, Brás NF, Oliveira J, Mateus N, de Freitas V. Impact of a pectic polysaccharide on oenin copigmentation mechanism. Food Chem 2016; 209:17-26. [PMID: 27173529 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Copigmentation plays an important role in the colors provided by anthocyanins. However, little attention has been paid to the interaction between anthocyanins and cell wall compounds (e.g. polysaccharides) and the impact of this interaction on anthocyanins color, a fundamental issue to be considered in industrial applications of these pigments as food colorants. The copigmentation binding constants (KCP) for the interaction between malvidin-3-O-glucoside and (+)-catechin in the presence of low methoxylated pectic polysaccharide were determined. The values obtained showed that in the presence of pectic polysaccharide the copigmentation binding constants decreased. These results probably suggest the occurrence of competition equilibrium in which the presence of pectin limited the association between catechin and oenin. (1)H NMR studies revealed that the dissociation constant determined for these complexes was very similar in absence and presence of 1.5g/L pectin with this polysaccharide apparently not affecting the strength of anthocyanin-catechin binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fernandes
- REQUIMTE⧹LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Natércia F Brás
- REQUIMTE⧹UCIBIO, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Oliveira
- REQUIMTE⧹LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- REQUIMTE⧹LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- REQUIMTE⧹LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Christiaens S, Van Buggenhout S, Houben K, Jamsazzadeh Kermani Z, Moelants KR, Ngouémazong ED, Van Loey A, Hendrickx ME. Process–Structure–Function Relations of Pectin in Food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 56:1021-42. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.753029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Fernandes A, Brás NF, Mateus N, de Freitas V. Understanding the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin binding to pectin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:8516-8527. [PMID: 24991843 DOI: 10.1021/la501879w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Association between anthocyanins and carbohydrates has drawn attention over the past few years and this interaction is of particularly importance in food chemistry since these compounds are often found together in plants and foodstuffs. This work intended to bring insights on the interaction between ionic carbohydrates (pectin) and two anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cy3glc and delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, dp3glc). The interaction between the flavylium cation and hemiketal anthocyanin forms was characterized by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and the respective dissociation constant (Kd) was obtained. This binding was also studied by Molecular Dynamics simulation. In the presence of the anthocyanin hemiketal form a weak interaction between anthocyanins and pectin seems to occur. A variation in the extent of this interaction was also noticed for the two anthocyanins with dp3glc bearing three hydroxyl groups, revealing to be a stronger binder to pectin (Kd ≈ 180 μM for dp3glc and Kd ≈ 250 μM for cy3glc). Experiments performed at acidic pH (flavylium cation) revealed a much stronger interaction (Kd ≈ 2 μM). These experimental results were also supported by theoretical studies which also revealed a stronger interaction in the presence of the anthocyanin flavylium cation and also a stronger interaction between pectin and dp3glc than with cy3glc (for the hemiketal form).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação em Química (CIQ) and ‡REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Wang H, Wei G, Liu F, Banerjee G, Joshi M, Bligh SWA, Shi S, Lian H, Fan H, Gu X, Wang S. Characterization of two homogalacturonan pectins with immunomodulatory activity from green tea. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:9963-78. [PMID: 24901527 PMCID: PMC4100133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15069963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Two natural homogalacturonan (HG) pectins (MW ca. 20 kDa) were isolated from green tea based on their immunomodulatory activity. The crude tea polysaccharides (TPS1 and TPS2) were obtained from green tea leaves by hot water extraction and followed by 40% and 70% ethanol precipitation, respectively. Two homogenous water soluble polysaccharides (TPS1-2a and TPS1-2b) were obtained from TPS1 after purification with gel permeation, which gave a higher phagocytic effect than TPS2. A combination of composition, methylation and configuration analyses, as well as NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy revealed that TPS1-2a and TPS1-2b were homogalacturonan (HG) pectins consisting of a backbone of 1,4-linked α-D-galacturonic acid (GalA) residues with 28.4% and 26.1% of carboxyl groups as methyl ester, respectively. The immunological assay results demonstrated that TPS1-2, which consisted mainly of HG pectins, showed phagocytosis-enhancing activity in HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Guodong Wei
- Unilever R&D Shanghai, 66 Lin Xin Road, Linkong Economic Development Zone, Shanghai 200335, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Gautam Banerjee
- Unilever R&D Bangalore, 66 Main Road, Whitefield, Bangalore 560066, India.
| | - Manoj Joshi
- Unilever R&D Bangalore, 66 Main Road, Whitefield, Bangalore 560066, India.
| | - S W Annie Bligh
- Department of Complementary Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK.
| | - Songshan Shi
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hui Lian
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hongwei Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xuelan Gu
- Unilever R&D Shanghai, 66 Lin Xin Road, Linkong Economic Development Zone, Shanghai 200335, China.
| | - Shunchun Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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15
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Wang H, Shi S, Gu X, Zhu C, Wei G, Wang H, Bao B, Fan H, Zhang W, Duan J, Wang S. Homogalacturonans from preinfused green tea: structural characterization and anticomplementary activity of their sulfated derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10971-10980. [PMID: 24171379 DOI: 10.1021/jf401947n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two homogeneous water-soluble polysaccharides (TPSR4-2B and TPSR4-2C) were obtained from preinfused green tea. Their average molecular weights were estimated to be 41 kDa and 28 kDa, respectively. A combination of composition, methylation, and configuration analysis, as well as NMR spectroscopy, indicated that both TPSR4-2B and TPSR4-2C were poly-(1-4)-α-d-galactopyranosyluronic acid in which 30.5 ± 0.3% and 28.3 ± 0.5%, respectively, of uronic acid existed as methyl ester. Two sulfated derivatives (Sul-R4-2B and Sul-R4-2C) from TPSR4-2B and TPSR4-2C were prepared after sulfation with a 2:1 chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine ratio. The anticomplementary assay showed that Sul-R4-2B and Sul-R4-2C demonstrated a stronger inhibitory effect on the complement activation through the classic pathway, compared to that of heparin. Preliminary mechanism studies by using complement component depleted-sera indicated that both Sul-R4-2B and Sul-R4-2C selectively interact with C1q, C1r, C1s, C2, C5, and C9 but not with C3 and C4. The relationship between DS and the anticomplementary activity of sulfated derivatives of homogalacturonans showed that low sulfated derivatives of homogalacturonans also exhibited potent anticomplementary effect, which might greatly reduce the side effects related to heparin and oversulfated chondroitin sulfate, such as anticoagulant activity and allergic-type reaction. These results suggested that sulfated derivatives of homogalacturonans might be promising drug candidates for therapeutic complement inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Mass spectrometry characterization of an Aloe vera mannan presenting immunostimulatory activity. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90:229-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Structural characterization of a homogalacturonan from Capparis spinosa L. fruits and anti-complement activity of its sulfated derivative. Glycoconj J 2012; 29:379-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9418-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Soares S, Mateus N, de Freitas V. Carbohydrates inhibit salivary proteins precipitation by condensed tannins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:3966-3972. [PMID: 22440016 DOI: 10.1021/jf3002747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Condensed tannins are a group of polyphenols that are associated with the astringency sensation, as they readily interact and precipitate salivary proteins. As this interaction is affected by carbohydrates, the aim of this work was to study the effect of some carbohydrates used in the food industry [arabic gum (AG), pectin, and poligalacturonic acid (PGA)] on the salivary proteins/grape seed procyanidins interaction. This was assessed monitoring the salivary proteins that remain soluble in the presence of condensed tannins with the addition of carbohydrates (HPLC) and analysis of the respective precipitates (SDS-PAGE). The results show that pectin was the most efficient in inhibiting protein/tannin precipitation, followed by AG and PGA. The results suggest that pectin and PGA exert their effect by formation of a ternary complex protein/polyphenol/carbohydrate, while AG competes with proteins for tannin binding (competition mechanism). The results also point out that both hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions are important for the carbohydrate effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Soares
- Chemistry Investigation Center (CIQ), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, Porto, Portugal
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Optimization of headspace solid-phase microextraction for analysis of β-caryophyllene in a nanoemulsion dosage form prepared with copaiba (Copaifera multijuga Hayne) oil. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 721:79-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gonçalves R, Mateus N, De Freitas V. Influence of carbohydrates on the interaction of procyanidin B3 with trypsin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:11794-11802. [PMID: 21950419 DOI: 10.1021/jf203060s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The biological properties of procyanidins, in particular their inhibition of digestive enzymes, have received much attention in the past few years. Dietary carbohydrates are an environmental factor that is known to affect the interaction of procyanidins with proteins. This work aimed at understanding the effect of ionic food carbohydrates (polygalacturonic acid, arabic gum, pectin, and xanthan gum) on the interaction between procyanidins and trypsin. Physical-chemical techniques such as saturation transfer difference-NMR (STD-NMR) spectroscopy, fluorescence quenching, and nephelometry were used to evaluate the interaction process. Using STD-NMR, it was possible to identify the binding of procyanidin B3 to trypsin. The tested carbohydrates prevented the association of procyanidin B3 and trypsin by a competition mechanism in which the ionic character of carbohydrates and their ability to encapsulate procyanidins seem crucial leading to a reduction in STD signal and light scattering and to a recovery of the proteins intrinsic fluorescence. On the basis of these results, it was possible to grade the carbohydrates in their aggregation inhibition ability: XG > PA > AG ≫ PC. These effects may be relevant since the coingestion of procyanidins and ionic carbohydrates are frequent and furthermore since these might negatively affect the antinutritional properties ascribed to procyanidins in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gonçalves
- Centro de Investigação em Química, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Gonçalves R, Mateus N, Pianet I, Laguerre M, de Freitas V. Mechanisms of tannin-induced trypsin inhibition: a molecular approach. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:13122-13129. [PMID: 21877746 DOI: 10.1021/la202280c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Association of procyanidins with enzymes has drawn attention over the past few years. This work aimed to bring insights on interaction of the protease trypsin with the procyanidin dimer (B3). This interaction was characterized by fluorescence quenching, saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR, molecular modeling, and through an enzymatic inhibition assay. Further studies were conducted regarding the influence of pectin on the binding process. A general overview of the binding process may be outlined as follows: a) at low procyanidin concentrations (below the critical micellar concentration-(CMC)) a specific interaction probably driven by hydrogen bonds between the protein backbone and the procyanidin occurs and is associated with the reduction of both enzyme activity and fluorescence; b) at high procyanidin concentration (above the CMC) the interaction becomes nonspecific. This variation in both nature and extent of the interaction with the variation of procyanidin concentration shows how tannin self-association may affect the interaction between tannins and proteins. It was also shown that the mechanism through which pectin affects the interaction between procyanidin B3 and trypsin is of a competitive type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gonçalves
- Centro de Investigação em Química, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Simões J, Nunes FM, Domingues MDRM, Coimbra MA. Structural features of partially acetylated coffee galactomannans presenting immunostimulatory activity. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Simões J, Madureira P, Nunes FM, do Rosário Domingues M, Vilanova M, Coimbra MA. Immunostimulatory properties of coffee mannans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53:1036-43. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Nunes C, Rato AE, Barros AS, Saraiva JA, Coimbra MA. Search for suitable maturation parameters to define the harvest maturity of plums (Prunus domestica L.): A case study of candied plums. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Nunes C, Saraiva JA, Coimbra MA. Effect of candying on cell wall polysaccharides of plums (Prunus domestica L.) and influence of cell wall enzymes. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Paraschivescu MC, Alley EG, French WT, Hernandez R, Armbrust K. Determination of methanol in biodiesel by headspace solid phase microextraction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:5901-5905. [PMID: 18037289 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Revised: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A new direct gas chromatography procedure (headspace solid phase microextraction) was developed for the quantitative determination of methanol in biodiesel. The analysis was performed by exposing a carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane SPME fiber assembly to the headspace of the biodiesel sample. The gas chromatography used a HP-5 capillary column and flame ionization detection. A polynomial relationship was observed between the methanol concentration and its peak area. This method showed good reproducibility (average relative standard deviation 7.06%) and recovery (average recovery 100.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Paraschivescu
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States.
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