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Boroujeni FM, Fioravanti G, Kander R. Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose Microfibril-Reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol Biodegradable Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:526. [PMID: 38276465 PMCID: PMC10817653 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The pursuit of an environmentally sustainable manufacturing process requires the substitution of less damaging and recyclable solutions for harmful reagents. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of using cellulose microfibrils synthesized via different hydrolysis reactions as reinforcing agents in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) at varying concentrations. The investigation explores the morphology, thermal properties, and chemical behavior of the cellulose particles. The cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) produced using citric acid exhibited the highest yield and aspect ratio. Notably, particles from organic acids demonstrated greater thermal stability, with oxalic acid-derived particles displaying the maximum thermal degradation temperature. Subsequently, cast films of PVA reinforced with the cellulose microfibrils underwent comprehensive analyses, including Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal degradation temperature (Td), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and tensile strength tests. The thermal behavior of cast films experienced notable changes with the addition of cellulose particles, evidenced by increased melting and crystallinity temperatures, along with a rise in the degree of crystallinity. The incorporation of cellulose particles led to a substantial improvement in mechanical properties. Films containing CMF displayed higher Young's modulus, and the sample incorporating 5% CMF derived from citric acid exhibited the most significant increase in modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronald Kander
- School of Design and Engineering, Kanbar College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA; (F.M.B.); (G.F.)
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2
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Wang Y, Liu H, Wang Q, An X, Ji X, Tian Z, Liu S, Yang G. Recent advances in sustainable preparation of cellulose nanocrystals via solid acid hydrolysis: A mini-review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127353. [PMID: 37839592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
As a green and renewable nanomaterial, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) have received numerous attention due to the unique structural features and superior physicochemical properties. Conventionally, CNC was isolated from lignocellulosic biomass mostly depending on sulfuric or hydrochloric acid hydrolysis. Although this approach is effective, some critical issues such as severe equipment corrosion, excessive cellulose degradation, serious environmental pollution, and large water usage are inevitable. Fortunately, solid acid hydrolysis is emerging as an economical and sustainable CNC production technique and has achieved considerable progress in recent years. Herein, the preparation of CNC by solid acid hydrolysis was summarized systematically, including organic solid acids (citric, maleic, oxalic, tartaric, p-toluenesulfonic acid) and inorganic solid acids (phosphotungstic, phosphoric, and Lewis acid). The advantages and disadvantages of organic and inorganic solid acid hydrolysis methods were evaluated comprehensively. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in the later exploitation and application of solid acid hydrolysis to prepare CNC in the industrial context are discussed. Considering the future development of this technology in the large-scale CNC production, much more efforts should be made in lowering CNC processing cost, fabricating high-solid-content and re-dispersible CNC, developing value-added applications of CNC, and techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment on the whole process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, China.
| | - Xingye An
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B5A3, Canada.
| | - Xingxiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, China.
| | - Zhongjian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Guihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
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3
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Mirzaee N, Nikzad M, Battisti R, Araghi A. Isolation of cellulose nanofibers from rapeseed straw via chlorine-free purification method and its application as reinforcing agent in carboxymethyl cellulose-based films. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126405. [PMID: 37597636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were successfully isolated from rapeseed straw (RS) whose valorization has been rarely investigated to date. A combined bleaching method without chlorine was applied for the purification of cellulose fibers, previously unexplored for RS. Chemical composition analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that the purification method eliminated hemicellulose and reduced lignin content from 24.4 % to 1.8 %. The isolation of CNFs was performed using sulfuric acid hydrolysis under different acid concentrations (55 and 60 % v/v) and hydrolysis times (15, 30, and 45 min). The isolated CNFs were characterized by FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The formation of CNFs was confirmed by a significant increase in crystallinity index from 46.45 % of RS to >79.41 % of CNFs, depending on acid concentration and isolation duration. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films with different contents of CNFs were prepared by casting method. The mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of the prepared films were investigated. The CNFs obtained from RS via a chlorine-free purification method showed promising results for their usage as reinforcement in CMC matrix and film fabrication for various applications such as transdermal medicine and food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Mirzaee
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Nikzad
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran.
| | - Rodrigo Battisti
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Santa Catarina, Criciúma Campus, 88813-600, Brazil
| | - Atefeh Araghi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
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4
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Raghav GR, Nagarajan KJ, Palaninatharaja M, Karthic M, Kumar RA, Ganesh MA. Reuse of used paper egg carton boxes as a source to produce hybrid AgNPs- carboxyl nanocellulose through bio-synthesis and its application in active food packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126119. [PMID: 37541473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The proper disposal of disposable synthetic plastic food packaging materials presents a significant challenge for both the environment and the solid waste management community. To address this issue, an antibacterial-based high-strength bio-composite serves as the optimal alternative to conventional packaging materials. This study aims to produce a hybrid material of AgNPs-carboxyl cellulose nanocrystals (AgNPs-CCNCs), obtained from used egg carton boxes (UECBs), through bio acid hydrolysis and an in-situ generation process. Furthermore, AgNPs- carboxyl cellulose nanofibers (AgNPs-CCNFs) will be synthesized through a combination of bio acid hydrolysis and ball milling, followed by an additional in-situ generation step. The AgNPs-carboxyl nanocellulose (AgNPs-CCNCs, and AgNPs-CCNFs) exhibited excellent crystallinity index, morphology, thermal, and antibacterial properties. The morphological analysis was performed by electron microscopy, and the results showed the uniform distribution and spherical form of AgNPs appearing over the carboxyl nanocellulose through the in-situ generation process, which was confirmed through XRD analysis. The study further explores the impact of AgNPs-carboxyl nanocellulose on the mechanical, chemical, antibacterial, and thermal properties of the PVA matrix. The results demonstrate that the bio-nanocomposite film offers opportunities for utilization in active packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Raghav
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SCMS School of Engineering & Technology Karukutty, Cochin, Kerala, India.
| | - K J Nagarajan
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai-625015, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - M Palaninatharaja
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai-625015, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - M Karthic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai-625015, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - R Ashok Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Madurai College for Engineering and Technology, Pottapalayam-630612, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - M A Ganesh
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai-625015, Tamil Nadu, India.
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5
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Chelliah R, Wei S, Vijayalakshmi S, Barathikannan K, Sultan G, Liu S, Oh DH. A Comprehensive Mini-Review on Lignin-Based Nanomaterials for Food Applications: Systemic Advancement and Future Trends. Molecules 2023; 28:6470. [PMID: 37764246 PMCID: PMC10535768 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The shift to an environmentally friendly material economy requires renewable resource exploration. This shift may depend on lignin valorization. Lignin is an aromatic polymer that makes up one-third of total lingo-cellulosic biomass and is separated into large amounts for biofuel and paper manufacture. This renewable polymer is readily available at a very low cost as nearly all the lignin that is produced each year (90-100 million tons) is simply burned as a low-value fuel. Lignin offers potential qualities for many applications, and yet it is underutilized. This Perspective highlights lignin-based material prospects and problems in food packaging, antimicrobial, and agricultural applications. The first half will discuss the present and future studies on exploiting lignin as an addition to improve food packaging's mechanical, gas, UV, bioactive molecules, polyphenols, and antioxidant qualities. Second, lignin's antibacterial activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses will be discussed. In conclusion, lignin agriculture will be discussed in the food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Chelliah
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (R.C.); (S.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (S.V.); (K.B.)
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology (KIIT), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS University, Kanchipuram 600124, India
| | - Shuai Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (R.C.); (S.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Selvakumar Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (S.V.); (K.B.)
| | - Kaliyan Barathikannan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (S.V.); (K.B.)
| | - Ghazala Sultan
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;
| | - Shucheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (R.C.); (S.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (S.V.); (K.B.)
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology (KIIT), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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6
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Ji C, Wang Y. Nanocellulose-stabilized Pickering emulsions: Fabrication, stabilization, and food applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102970. [PMID: 37523998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Pickering emulsions have been widely studied due to their good stability and potential applications. Nanocellulose including cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), and bacterial cellulose nanofibrils (BCNFs) has emerged as sustainable stabilizers/emulsifiers in food-related Pickering emulsions due to their favorable properties such as renewability, low toxicity, amphiphilicity, biocompatibility, and high aspect ratio. Nanocellulose can be widely obtained from different sources and extraction methods and can effectively stabilize Pickering emulsions via the irreversible adsorption onto oil-water interface. The synergistic effects of nanocellulose and other substances can further enhance the interfacial networks. The nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsions have potential food-related applications in delivery systems, food packaging materials, and fat substitutes. Nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsions as 3D printing inks exhibit good injectable and gelling properties and are promising to print spatial architectures. In the future, the utilization of biomass waste and the development of "green" and facile extraction methods for nanocellulose production deserve more attention. The stability of nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsions in multi-component food systems and at various conditions is an utmost challenge. Moreover, the case-by-case studies on the potential safety issues of nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsions need to be carried out with the standardized assessment procedures. In this review, we highlight key fundamental work and recent reports on nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsion systems. The sources and extraction of nanocellulose and the fabrication of nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsions are briefly summarized. Furthermore, the synergistic stability and food-related applications of nanocellulose-stabilized Pickering emulsions are spotlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuye Ji
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada.
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7
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Lan J, Chen J, Zhu R, Lin C, Ma X, Cao S. Antibacterial and antiviral chitosan oligosaccharide modified cellulosic fibers with durability against washing and long-acting activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123587. [PMID: 36758766 PMCID: PMC9907796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has attracted extensive attention to antibacterial and antivirus materials. Cellulose is the most potential candidate for the preparation of green, environmentally friendly antibacterial and antiviral materials. Herein, modified cellulosic fibers with sustained antibacterial and antiviral performance was prepared by introducing chitosan oligosaccharide onto the fibers. The two-step method is proved to be more effective than the one-step method for enhanced chitosan oligosaccharide loadings and antibacterial and antiviral activity. In this instance, the modified fibers with 61.77 mg/g chitosan oligosaccharide loadings can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by 100 % after contacting with bacteria for 12 h and reduce the bacteriophage MS2 by 99.19 % after 1 h of contact. More importantly, the modified fibers have washing durable antibacterial and antiviral activity; the modified fibers have 100 % antibacterial and 98.38 % antiviral activity after 20 washing cycles. Benefiting from the excellent performance of the individual fibers, the paper prepared from the modified fibers show great antibacterial (100 %) and antiviral performance (99.01 %) and comparable mechanical strength. The modified fibers have potential applications in the manufacture of protective clothing and protective hygiene products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaojuan Ma
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Shilin Cao
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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8
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Muralidharan V, Gochhayat S, Palanivel S, Madhan B. Influence of preparation techniques of cellulose II nanocrystals as reinforcement for tannery solid waste-based gelatin composite films. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:14284-14303. [PMID: 36152092 PMCID: PMC9510280 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23058-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tannery waste-based gelatin composite film reinforced with cellulose II nanocrystal (CNC II) extracted from wet wipes using three different hydrolysis techniques is explored for its functional properties and possible utilization as a biodegradable packaging material. CNC II isolated using hydrogen peroxide (PCNC), citric acid (CCNC), and hydrochloric acid (HCNC) differed in morphological and crystalline character as investigated using DLS, FE-SEM, FTIR, and XRD analysis. The crystallinity of PCNC, CCNC, and HCNC was found to be 81.1%, 75.4%, and 86.1%, respectively. The highly crystalline CNC II (PCNC) incorporation improved mechanical stiffness of rawhide trimming waste-based gelatin films by 50% compared to control gelatin film. Maximum thermal decomposition with Tmax of 329 °C was obtained for gelatin films with PCNC nano-reinforcement. Films with CNC II were structurally stable and sufficiently antibacterial against Gram-positive S. aureus microbial strain. Strong interfacial non-covalent and hydrogen bonding interactions between gelatin and cellulose II nanocrystal have likely enhanced the properties of the composite films. Incorporation of CNC II reduced the surface wettability of the films and nanocomposites absorbed UV radiation as evidenced by transmittance value T280 of 0.19%. Nanocomposite films degraded up to 79.9% of initial mass within 7 days of soil burial. Furthermore, based on the optimized system, single-use packaging application of eggplant seeds has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimudha Muralidharan
- Centre for Academic and Research Excellence (CARE), CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 020, India
- Department of Leather Technology, A C Tech (Housed at CSIR-CLRI), Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 025, India
| | - Saiprasad Gochhayat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 078, India
| | - Saravanan Palanivel
- Department of Leather Technology, A C Tech (Housed at CSIR-CLRI), Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 025, India
- Leather Process Technology Department, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 020, India
| | - Balaraman Madhan
- Centre for Academic and Research Excellence (CARE), CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 020, India.
- Department of Leather Technology, A C Tech (Housed at CSIR-CLRI), Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 025, India.
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9
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Long H, Gu J, Jiang J, Guan L, Lin X, Zhang W, Hu C. Mechanically strong and biodegradable holocellulose films prepared from Camellia oleifera shells. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120189. [PMID: 36876804 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bioplastic derived from renewable lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive alternative to petroleum-based plastics. Herein, Callmellia oleifera shells (COS), a unique byproduct from tea oil industry, were delignified and converted into high-performance bio-based films via a green citric acid treatment (15 %, 100 °C and 24 h), taking advantage of their high hemicellulose content. The structure-property relations of COS holocellulose (COSH) films were systematically analyzed considering different treatment conditions. The surface reactivity of COSH was improved via a partial hydrolysis route and strong hydrogen bonding formed between the holocellulose micro/nanofibrils. COSH films exhibited high mechanical strength, high optical transmittance, improved thermal stability, and biodegradability. A mechanical blending pretreatment of COSH, which disintegrated the COSH fibers before the citric acid reaction, further enhanced the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the films up to 123.48 and 5265.41 MPa, respectively. The films decomposed completely in soil, demonstrating an excellent balance between degradability and durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Long
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jin Gu
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences, Nanjing 210042, PR China.
| | - Litao Guan
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Xiuyi Lin
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Chuanshuang Hu
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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10
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Han Z, Hu J, Huang H, Han X, Ke Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Song D, Xu W. Effect of in situ deposition of calcium carbonate in cotton fiber on its mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongbao Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco‐Dyeing & Finishing Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
| | - Jinbang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco‐Dyeing & Finishing Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
| | - Hongbo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco‐Dyeing & Finishing Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
| | - Yushi Ke
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco‐Dyeing & Finishing Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
| | - Zhujun Li
- College of Textiles, Guangdong Polytechnic Guangzhou China
| | - Yunli Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco‐Dyeing & Finishing Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
| | - Dengpeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
| | - Weilin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
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11
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Effect of lignocellulosic composition of Reutealis trisperma waste on nanocrystalline cellulose properties. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Bondancia TJ, Florencio C, Baccarin GS, Farinas CS. Cellulose nanostructures obtained using enzymatic cocktails with different compositions. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:299-307. [PMID: 35259434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanostructures obtained from lignocellulosic biomass by the enzymatic route can offer advantages in terms of material properties and processing sustainability. However, most of the enzymatic cocktails commonly used in the saccharification of biomass are designed to promote the complete depolymerization of the cellulose structure into soluble sugars. Here, investigation was made of the way that the action of different commercially available cellulase enzyme cocktails can affect the production of nanocellulose. For this, enzymatic cocktails designed for complete or partial saccharification were compared, using eucalyptus cellulose pulp as a model feedstock. The results showed that all the enzymatic cocktails were effective in the formation of nanocellulose structures, with the complete saccharification enzymes being more efficient in promoting the coproduction of glucose (36.5 g/L, 87% cellulose conversion). The presence of auxiliary enzymes, especially xylanases, acted cooperatively to favor the production of nanostructures with higher crystallinity (up to 79%), higher surface charge (zeta potential up to -30.9 mV), and more uniform dimensions within the size range of cellulose nanocrystals (80 to 350 nm). Interestingly, for the enzymatic cocktails designed for partial saccharification, the xylanase activity was more important than the endoglucanase activity in the production of nanocellulose with improved properties. The findings showed that the composition of the enzymatic cocktails already used for complete biomass saccharification can be suitable for obtaining nanocellulose, together with the release of a glucose stream, in a format compatible with the biorefinery concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita J Bondancia
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Florencio
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Graziela S Baccarin
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane S Farinas
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Jia P, Ji X, Zheng B, Wang C, Hao W, Han W, Zhang J, Xia G, Ji X, Zhang J. Eco-Friendly and Complete Recycling of Waste Bamboo-Based Disposable Paper Cups for Value-Added Transparent Cellulose-Based Films and Paper Plastic Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081589. [PMID: 35458340 PMCID: PMC9028521 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disposable paper cups are widely used in daily life and most of them are landfilled or incinerated after use, resulting in a serious ecological hazard and significant waste of resources due to the usage of thin polyethylene (PE) as their inner coating. Hence, converting these common solid domestic wastes into high-value added materials is attractive and meaningful. In this study, transparent cellulose-based films were achieved from old bamboo-based disposable paper cups after pretreatment through using the room ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) as solvent. The cellulose-based film with a dense texture demonstrated a relatively nice mechanical and UV-shielding performances, and its tensile strength was as high as 48 MPa, much higher than that of commercial polyethylene (PE, 12 MPa) film. Thus, the resultant cellulose-based film showed a great potential in the packaging field. Besides, the flexible paper plastic composites (PPC) were also fabricated from the rest thin PE coating with the stuck fibers, and it was found that PPC showed excellent mechanical property and hydrophobicity. Consequently, a feasible and eco-friendly process of recycling and reusing waste disposable paper cups was developed to achieve a complete utilization and valorization of waste disposable paper cups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (P.J.); (X.J.); (B.Z.); (C.W.); (W.H.)
| | - Xiaoqian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (P.J.); (X.J.); (B.Z.); (C.W.); (W.H.)
| | - Bin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (P.J.); (X.J.); (B.Z.); (C.W.); (W.H.)
| | - Chunyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (P.J.); (X.J.); (B.Z.); (C.W.); (W.H.)
| | - Wenjie Hao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China; (W.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Wenjia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (P.J.); (X.J.); (B.Z.); (C.W.); (W.H.)
| | - Jun Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China; (W.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Guangmei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (P.J.); (X.J.); (B.Z.); (C.W.); (W.H.)
- Correspondence: (G.X.); (X.J.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xingxiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (P.J.); (X.J.); (B.Z.); (C.W.); (W.H.)
- Correspondence: (G.X.); (X.J.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China; (W.H.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (G.X.); (X.J.); (J.Z.)
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14
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Fabrication and Characterization of Transparent and Uniform Cellulose/Polyethylene Composite Films from Used Disposable Paper Cups by the "One-Pot Method". Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061070. [PMID: 35335401 PMCID: PMC8950660 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Disposable paper cups are usually composed of high-grade paper board and an inner polyethylene coatings and are extensively used in daily life. However, most disposable paper cups are only used for a short time and then incinerated or accumulated in landfill at the end of their service due to the difficulty in separating the components, leading to a serious threat to our ecosystem. Therefore, developing a facile and green method to recycle and reuse disposable paper cups is vital. By using ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) as a solvent, transparent and homogenous cellulose/polyethylene composite films were successfully prepared from used bamboo-based disposable paper cups through the "one-pot method", without any pre-treatment. It was found that there was a transformation of cellulose I to II after the dissolution and regeneration processes, and the crystallinity degree of the regenerated cellulose-based materials decreased significantly, resulting in a change in thermal properties. Meanwhile, compared to traditional pure cellulose films, the composite films possessed good UV-shielding properties and hydrophobicity. Moreover, they also displayed good mechanical properties. Additionally, the size of the ground PE coatings displayed obvious effects on the structures and properties of the composite films, where the CPE100 (sieved with 100-200 mesh) possessed the most homogeneous texture and the highest tensile strength (82 Mpa), higher than that of commercial polyethylene film (9-12 MPa), showing superiority as packaging or wrapping materials. Consequently, the goals to fabricate uniform cellulose/polyethylene composite films and valorize the solid waste from disposable paper cups were simultaneously achieved by a facile and green "one-pot method".
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15
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Holilah H, Bahruji H, Ediati R, Asranudin A, Jalil AA, Piluharto B, Nugraha RE, Prasetyoko D. Uniform rod and spherical nanocrystalline celluloses from hydrolysis of industrial pepper waste (Piper nigrum L.) using organic acid and inorganic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:593-605. [PMID: 35157900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Conversion of lignocellulosic biowastes from agricultural industry into nanocrystalline cellulose provides pathway to reduce environmental pollution while enhancing the economic value of biowastes. Nanocellulose (NCC) with uniform morphology was isolated from pepper (Piper nigrum L.) stalk waste (PW) using acid hydrolysis method. The role of inorganic acids (sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid), organic acids (oxalic acid, citric acid, acetic acid) and variation of sonication times were investigated on the physicochemical characteristics, self-assembled structure, crystallinity, particle size, zeta potential and thermal stability of the isolated nanocellulose. Hydrolysis using inorganic acids transformed cellulose from PW into a spherical shaped NCC at ~33-67 nm of average diameter. Meanwhile hydrolysis in organic acids produced rod-shaped NCC at 210-321 nm in length. This study highlighted the role of acidity strength for organic acid and inorganic acid in controlling the level of hydrogen bond dissociation and the dissolution of amorphous fragments, which consequently directing the morphology and the physicochemical properties of NCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holilah Holilah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia
| | - Hasliza Bahruji
- Centre of Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jl. Tungku Link, BE 1410, Brunei
| | - Ratna Ediati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
| | - Asranudin Asranudin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia
| | - Aishah Abdul Jalil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Bambang Piluharto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Jember, Indonesia
| | - Reva Edra Nugraha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur, Surabaya 60294, Indonesia
| | - Didik Prasetyoko
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia.
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Abstract
Cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) are renewable, bio-derived materials that can address not only technological challenges but also social impacts. This ability results from their unique properties, for example, high mechanical strength, high degree of crystallinity, biodegradable, tunable shape, size, and functional surface chemistry. This minireview provides chemical and physical features of cellulose nanomaterials and recent developments as an adsorbent and an antimicrobial material generated from bio-renewable sources.
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Transparent Cellulose-Based Films Prepared from Used Disposable Paper Cups via an Ionic Liquid. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234209. [PMID: 34883712 PMCID: PMC8659699 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paper cups are widely employed in daily life with many advantages, but most of the used paper cups are incinerated or landfilled, due to the great challenge of separating the thin inner polyethylene (PE) coating, causing the waste of energy and the pollution of our environment. Therefore, recycling and converting the used paper cups into high-value materials is meaningful and important. In this work, transparent cellulose-based films were successfully prepared from the used paper cups via 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid after simple pretreatment. Additionally, the difference in properties and structures of cellulose-based films regenerated in different coagulation baths (water or ethanol) was also explored. It was found that the cellulose-based film possessed good thermal property and displayed better hydrophobicity than the traditional pure cellulose film. Moreover, they also demonstrated good mechanical property and the tensile strength of cellulose-based film regenerated in water can reach 31.5 Mpa, higher than those of cellulose-based film regenerated in ethanol (25.5 Mpa) and non-degradable polyethylene film (9-12 MPa), indicating their great potential as the packaging materials. Consequently, valorization of the low cost used paper cups and preparation of high-valve cellulose-based films were realized simultaneously by a facile and green process.
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18
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Gama N, Ferreira A, Evtuguin DV. New poly(lactic acid) composites produced from coffee beverage wastes. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Gama
- CICECO‐Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
| | - Artur Ferreira
- CICECO‐Aveiro Institute of Materials and Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão de Águeda Águeda Portugal
| | - Dmitry V. Evtuguin
- CICECO‐Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
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19
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Jiang J, Zhu Y, Jiang F. Sustainable isolation of nanocellulose from cellulose and lignocellulosic feedstocks: Recent progress and perspectives. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 267:118188. [PMID: 34119156 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As a type of sustainable nanomaterials, nanocellulose has drawn increasing attention over the last two decades due to its great potential in diverse value-added applications such as electronics, sensors, energy storage, packaging, pharmaceuticals, biomedicine, and functional food. Sourcing nanocellulose from lignocellulose is commonly accomplished via the use of mineral acids, oxidizers, enzymes, and/or intensive mechanical energy. Yet, the economic and environmental concerns associated with these conventional isolation techniques pose major obstacles for commercialization. Considerable progress has been achieved in the last few years in developing sustainable nanocellulose isolation technologies involving organic acid/anhydride, Lewis acid, solid acid, ionic liquid, and deep eutectic solvent. This paper provides a comprehensive review of these alternatives with regard to general procedures and key advantages. Important knowledge gaps, including total biomass utilization, complete life cycle analysis, and health/safety, require urgently bridging in order to develop economically competitive and operationally feasible nanocellulose isolation technology for commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Jiang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yeling Zhu
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Feng Jiang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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20
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Wang H, Du H, Liu K, Liu H, Xu T, Zhang S, Chen X, Zhang R, Li H, Xie H, Zhang X, Si C. Sustainable preparation of bifunctional cellulose nanocrystals via mixed H 2SO 4/formic acid hydrolysis. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 266:118107. [PMID: 34044925 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a sustainable and highly efficient approach for preparing bifunctional cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was proposed through a mixed acid system of sulfuric acid and formic acid (FA). It was found that low-concentration (5-10 wt%) sulfuric acid can significantly improve the hydrolysis efficiency of FA (65-80 wt%), which enabled the highly efficient preparation of CNCs, i.e., the maximum yield of CNCs reached up to 70.65%. The obtained CNCs exhibited a rod-like shape with high crystallinity, and good dispersibility in both water and some organic phases. Moreover, the as-prepared CNCs exhibited high thermal stability, which is much higher than that of the traditionally sulfuric acid hydrolyzed ones. In addition, it was demonstrated that the bifunctional CNCs were able to stabilize various oils to form stable Pickering emulsion gels. Thus, this work provides a promising approach for sustainable preparation of bifunctional CNCs, which may find high-end applications in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Haishun Du
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Kun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Huayu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuya Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaoqian Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Grapeman (Tianjin) Technology Co. Ltd., Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Haiming Li
- Grapeman (Tianjin) Technology Co. Ltd., Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hongxiang Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Chuanling Si
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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21
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Stalin B, Nagaprasad N, Vignesh V, Ravichandran M, Rajini N, Ismail SO, Mohammad F. Evaluation of mechanical, thermal and water absorption behaviors of Polyalthia longifolia seed reinforced vinyl ester composites. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 248:116748. [PMID: 32919554 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study presented a novel utilization of biomass solid waste, named Polyalthia longifolia (Mast tree) seed as a reinforcement in a composite, using a compression molding technique. An attempt was made to reinforce vinyl ester matrix (VE) with Polyalthia longifolia seed filler (PLSF), ranging from 5 to 50 wt% loadings. Mechanical properties of the fabricated Polyalthia longifolia seed filler/vinyl ester (PLSF-VE) composite samples were tested and analyzed. The results showed that the PLSF-VE composite exhibited optimum mechanical properties at 25 % wt of filler loading; ultimate tensile strength and modulus were approximately 32.50 MPa and 1.23 GPa, respectively. The ultimate flexural, impact strengths and hardness were observed around 125 MPa, 31.09 kJ/m2 and 36.50, respectively. The heat deflection test and thermo-gravimetric analysis depicted that the PLSF-VE composites withstood up to 66 °C and 430 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the PLSF and its various composite samples were studied, using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Stalin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anna University, Regional Campus Madurai, Madurai, 625 019, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - N Nagaprasad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ULTRA College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai, 625107, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Vignesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Pulloor, Kariapatti, 626 115, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Ravichandran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. Ramakrishnan College of Engineering, Samayapuram, Tiruchirappalli, 621 112, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagarajan Rajini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam University, Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar, 626 126, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sikiru Oluwarotimi Ismail
- Department of Engineering, Centre for Engineering Research, School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, England, UK
| | - Faruq Mohammad
- Surfactants Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 11451
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22
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Teo HL, Wahab RA. Towards an eco-friendly deconstruction of agro-industrial biomass and preparation of renewable cellulose nanomaterials: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:1414-1430. [PMID: 32791266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is an array of methodologies to prepare nanocellulose (NC) and its fibrillated form (CNF) with enhanced physicochemical characteristics. However, acids, bases or organosolv treatments on biomass are far from green, and seriously threaten the environment. Current approach to produce NC/CNF from biomass should be revised and embrace the concept of sustainability and green chemistry. Although hydrothermal process, high-pressure homogenization, ball milling technique, deep eutectic solvent treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis etc., are the current techniques for producing NC, the route designs remain imperfect. Herein, this review highlights the latest methodologies in the pre-processing and isolating of NC/CNF from lignocellulose biomass, by largely focusing on related papers published in the past two years till date. This article also explores the latest advancements in environmentally friendly NC extraction techniques that cooperatively use ball milling and enzymatic hydrolytic routes as an eco-efficient way to produce NC/CNF, alongside the potential applications of the nano-sized celluloses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwee Li Teo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
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23
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Kim D, Jeong J, Ryu JA, Choi SR, Lee JM, Bunch H. In Vitro Evaluation of Lignin-Containing Nanocellulose. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13153365. [PMID: 32751221 PMCID: PMC7435712 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing importance of environmental sustainability has led to the development of new materials that are environmentally friendly, functional, and cost-effective. Lignin-containing cellulose nanomaterials are a common example of these. The advantages of lignocelluloses include their renewability, sustainability, and functionality combined with molecular rigidity and enhanced hydrophobicity. In order to valorize these beneficial traits from lignin-containing nanocellulose, various approaches have been examined in industrial applications. However, the safety of these materials has not been tested or validated in humans. In this study, we tested 21 wt% lignin-containing nanocellulose (L-MFC) in vitro using the human lung and kidney cell lines, H460 and HEK293 cells, respectively. The cytotoxicity of cellulose, L-MFC, and lignin was compared using the water-soluble tetrazolium salt assays. In addition, the gene expressions of HSP70 and HSP90 as cellular stress markers treated with cellulose, L-MFC, and lignin were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. Our data indicated little cytotoxicity for cellulose and significant cytotoxicity for lignin and a relatively low level of cytotoxicity for L-MFC, providing the lethal median concentration (LC50) values of L-MFC and lignin. The gene expression of HSP70 and HSP90 was little affected by moderate concentrations of L-MFC. Interestingly, the lignin contained in L-MFC influenced the cell viability and the gene expression of HSP70 and HSP90 less than the same amount of lignin alone. These results indicate that L-MFC displays cell-type-dependent sensitivity and suggest that L-MFC could serve as a new eco-friendly material that is relatively safe for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donguk Kim
- Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Jaehyeon Jeong
- Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Ji-Ae Ryu
- Department of Wood Science & Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.-A.R.); (S.R.C.)
| | - Sa Rang Choi
- Department of Wood Science & Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.-A.R.); (S.R.C.)
| | - Jung Myoung Lee
- Department of Wood Science & Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.-A.R.); (S.R.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.L.); (H.B.)
| | - Heeyoun Bunch
- Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (D.K.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.L.); (H.B.)
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24
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Sridhar V, Park H. Extraction of Microfibrillar Cellulose From Waste Paper by NaOH/Urethane Aqueous System and Its Utility in Removal of Lead from Contaminated Water. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13122850. [PMID: 32630461 PMCID: PMC7345829 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Though recycling of waste paper is widely practiced but usually it is downgraded to lower valued recycled waste paper. Based on this concern, we report the development of novel NaOH/urethane aqueous system for extraction of microfibrillated cellulose from waste paper. The purity of so obtained microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was evaluated by morphological tests using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by evaluation of physicochemical properties using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Morphologies of MFC studied by SEM and TEM showed that the size of purified cellulose fibrils reduced when compared to that of waste paper but fibrils are cleaner and smoother due to the removal of talc and lignin. XRD analysis revealed that MFC exhibits good crystallinity. The utility of sulfonated and pristine microfibrillar cellulose in removal of lead from contaminated water is also reported. Our results show that renewable, sustainable, cheap, and waste biomass like waste paper can be used for producing valuable second-generation high-value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadahanambi Sridhar
- Global Core Research Centre for Ships and Offshore Plants (GCRC-SOP), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Hyun Park
- Global Core Research Centre for Ships and Offshore Plants (GCRC-SOP), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
- Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-2730
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25
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Nagarajan K, Balaji A, Basha KS, Ramanujam N, Kumar RA. Effect of agro waste α-cellulosic micro filler on mechanical and thermal behavior of epoxy composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 152:327-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Cellulose Nanocrystals Derived from Textile Waste through Acid Hydrolysis and Oxidation as Reinforcing Agent of Soy Protein Film. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040958. [PMID: 32326030 PMCID: PMC7240655 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 10 million tons of textile waste are disposed through landfill every year in North America. The disposal of textile waste via landfill or incineration causes environmental problems and represents a waste of useful resources. In this work, we explored the possibility to directly extract cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from untreated textile waste through two methods, namely sulfuric acid hydrolysis and three-step oxidization. CNCs with cellulose Iβ crystalline structure and rod-like shape were successfully obtained. The aspect ratios of CNCs prepared from acid hydrolysis and oxidization were 10.00 ± 3.39 and 17.10 ± 12.85, respectively. Their application as reinforcing agent of soybean protein isolate (SPI) film was evaluated. With the addition of 20% CNCs, the composite film maintained the high transparency, while their water vapor barrier property, tensile strength, and Young’s modulus were significantly improved. This research demonstrates a promising approach to recycle textile waste, and more value-added applications based on the derived CNCs could be expected.
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