1
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Zheng Y, Cui T, Wang J, Hu Y, Gui Z. Engineering robust and transparent dual-crosslinked hydrogels for multimodal sensing without conductive additives. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 675:14-23. [PMID: 38964121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels are pivotal for the advancement of flexible sensors, electronic skin, and healthcare monitoring systems, facilitating transformative innovations. However, issues such as inadequate intrinsic compatibility, mismatched mechanical properties, and limited stability curtail their potential, resulting in compromised device efficacy and performance degradation. In this research, we engineered functional hydrogels featuring a dual-crosslinked network composed of (PA/PVA)-P(AM-AA) to address these challenges. This design eliminates the need for conductive additives, thereby enhancing intrinsic compatibility. Notably, the hydrogels exhibit exceptional mechanical properties, with high tensile strength (∼700 %), Young's modulus (∼5.33 MPa), increased strength (∼2.46 MPa) and toughness (∼6.59 MJ m-3). They also achieve a compressive strength of ∼7.33 MPa at 80 % maximal compressive strain and maintain about 89 % transparency. Moreover, flexible sensors derived from these hydrogels demonstrate enhanced multimodal sensing capabilities, including temperature, strain, and pressure detection, enabling precise monitoring of human movements. The integration of multiple hydrogels into a three-dimensional sensor array facilitates detailed spatial pressure distribution mapping. By strategically applying dual-crosslinked network engineering and eliminating conductive additives, we have streamlined the design and manufacturing of hydrogels to meet the rising demand for high-performance wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Tianyang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
| | - Zhou Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
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2
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Wen X, Zong S, Zhao Q, Wu J, Liu L, Wang K, Jiang J, Duan J. Environmentally stable and rapidly polymerized tin-tannin catalytic system hydroxyethyl cellulose hydrogel for wireless wearable sensing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134696. [PMID: 39147350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, flexible sensors constructed mainly from hydrogels have played an indispensable role in several fields. However, the traditional hydrogel preparation process involves complex and time-consuming steps and the freezing or volatilization of water in the water gel in extreme environments greatly limits the further use of the sensor. Therefore, an ionic conductive hydrogel (SnHTD) was designed, which was composed of tannic acid (TA), metal ions Sn2+, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), and acrylamide (AM) in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) and water binary solvent. It is worth noting that the gel time is shortened to less than 3 min by introducing the Sn-TA redox system. The addition of DES makes the hydrogel have a wide temperature tolerance range (-20 to 60 °C) and the ability to store for a long time (30 days). The introduction of HEC increased the tensile stress of hydrogel from 140.17 kPa to 219.89 kPa. Additionally, the hydrogel also has high conductivity, repeatable adhesion and UV shielding properties. In general, this research opens up a new way for room temperature polymerization of environmentally resistant hydrogel materials and effectively meets the growing demand for wireless wearable sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Wen
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Shiyu Zong
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Qian Zhao
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jingyu Wu
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Liujun Liu
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jiufang Duan
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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3
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Zhao Z, Liu J, Lv J, Liu B, Li N, Zhang H. Facile One-Pot Preparation of Polypyrrole-Incorporated Conductive Hydrogels for Human Motion Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:5814. [PMID: 39275724 PMCID: PMC11397887 DOI: 10.3390/s24175814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have been widely used in soft robotics, as well as skin-attached and implantable bioelectronic devices. Among the candidates of conductive fillers, conductive polymers have become popular due to their intrinsic conductivity, high biocompatibility, and mechanical flexibility. However, it is still a challenge to construct conductive polymer-incorporated hydrogels with a good performance using a facile method. Herein, we present a simple method for the one-pot preparation of conductive polymer-incorporated hydrogels involving rapid photocuring of the hydrogel template followed by slow in situ polymerization of pyrrole. Due to the use of a milder oxidant, hydrogen peroxide, for polypyrrole synthesis, the photocuring of the hydrogel template and the growing of polypyrrole proceeded in an orderly manner, making it possible to prepare conductive polymer-incorporated hydrogels in one pot. The preparation process is facile and extensible. Moreover, the obtained hydrogels exhibit a series of properties suitable for biomedical strain sensors, including good conductivity (2.49 mS/cm), high stretchability (>200%), and a low Young's modulus (~30 kPa) that is compatible with human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunhui Zhao
- Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jun Lv
- School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Na Li
- Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hangyu Zhang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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4
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Tamo AK. Nanocellulose-based hydrogels as versatile materials with interesting functional properties for tissue engineering applications. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:7692-7759. [PMID: 38805188 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00397g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Tissue engineering has emerged as a remarkable field aiming to restore or replace damaged tissues through the use of biomimetic constructs. Among the diverse materials investigated for this purpose, nanocellulose-based hydrogels have garnered attention due to their intriguing biocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties, and sustainability. Over the past few years, numerous research works have been published focusing on the successful use of nanocellulose-based hydrogels as artificial extracellular matrices for regenerating various types of tissues. The review emphasizes the importance of tissue engineering, highlighting hydrogels as biomimetic scaffolds, and specifically focuses on the role of nanocellulose in composites that mimic the structures, properties, and functions of the native extracellular matrix for regenerating damaged tissues. It also summarizes the types of nanocellulose, as well as their structural, mechanical, and biological properties, and their contributions to enhancing the properties and characteristics of functional hydrogels for tissue engineering of skin, bone, cartilage, heart, nerves and blood vessels. Additionally, recent advancements in the application of nanocellulose-based hydrogels for tissue engineering have been evaluated and documented. The review also addresses the challenges encountered in their fabrication while exploring the potential future prospects of these hydrogel matrices for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Kamdem Tamo
- Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, CNRS, UMR 5223, 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France
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5
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Chinnappa K, Bai CDG, Srinivasan PP. Nanocellulose-stabilized nanocomposites for effective Hg(II) removal and detection: a comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:30288-30322. [PMID: 38619767 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Mercury pollution, with India ranked as the world's second-largest emitter, poses a critical environmental and public health challenge and underscores the need for rigorous research and effective mitigation strategies. Nanocellulose is derived from cellulose, the most abundant natural polymer on earth, and stands out as an excellent choice for mercury ion remediation due to its remarkable adsorption capacity, which is attributed to its high specific surface area and abundant functional groups, enabling efficient Hg(II) ion removal from contaminated water sources. This review paper investigates the compelling potential of nanocellulose as a scavenging tool for Hg(II) ion contamination. The comprehensive examination encompasses the fundamental attributes of nanocellulose, its diverse fabrication techniques, and the innovative development methods of nanocellulose-based nanocomposites. The paper further delves into the mechanisms that underlie Hg removal using nanocellulose, as well as the integration of nanocellulose in Hg detection methodologies, and also acknowledges the substantial challenges that lie ahead. This review aims to pave the way for sustainable solutions in mitigating Hg contamination using nanocellulose-based nanocomposites to address the global context of this environmental concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Chinnappa
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, OMR, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Pandi Prabha Srinivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur Taluk, Chennai, 602117, Tamil Nadu, India
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6
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Zheng Y, Wang J, Cui T, Zhu J, Gui Z. Advancing high-performance tailored dual-crosslinking network organo-hydrogel flexible device for wireless wearable sensing. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:56-66. [PMID: 37708732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels are essential for enabling long-term and reliable signal sensing in wearable electronics due to their tunable flexibility, stimulus responsiveness, and multimodal sensing integration. However, developing durable and dependable integrated hydrogel-based flexible devices has been challenging due to mismatched mechanical properties, limited water retention capability, and reduced flexibility. This work addresses these challenges by employing a tailored physical-chemical dual-crosslinking strategy to fabricate dynamically reversible organo-hydrogels with high performance. The resultant organo-hydrogels exhibit exceptional characteristics, including high stretchability (up to ∼495% strain), remarkable toughness (with tensile and compressive strengths of ∼1350 kPa and ∼9370 kPa, respectively), and outstanding transparency (∼90.3%). Moreover, they demonstrate excellent long-term water retention ability (>2424 h, >97%). Notably, the organo-hydrogel based sensor exhibits heightened sensitivity for monitoring physiological signals and motions. Furthermore, our integrated wireless wearable sensing system efficiently captures and transmits various human physiological signals and motion information in real-time. This research advances the development of customized devices utilizing functional organo-hydrogel materials, making contributions to fulfilling the increasing demand for high-performance wireless wearable sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Tianyang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Jixin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
| | - Zhou Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
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7
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Ding H, Liu J, Huo P, Ding R, Shen X, Mao H, Wen Y, Li H, Wu ZL. Ultra-stretchable and conductive polyacrylamide/carboxymethyl chitosan composite hydrogels with low modulus and fast self-recoverability as flexible strain sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127146. [PMID: 37778581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
There is a great demand for the fabrication of soft electronics using hydrogels due to their biomimetic structures and good flexibility. However, conventional hydrogels have poor mechanical properties, which restricts their applications as stretchable sensors. Herein, a facile one-step strategy is proposed to fabricate tough and conductive hydrogels by making use of the graftability of carboxymethyl chitosan without extra conductive matter and crosslinking agent. The obtained polyacrylamide/carboxymethyl chitosan composite hydrogels possess outstanding transmittance and excellent mechanical performances, with tensile breaking stress of 630 kPa, breaking strain of 4560 %, toughness of 8490 kJ/m3. These hydrogels have low modulus of 5-20 kPa, fast recoverability after unloading, high conductivity of ∼0.85 S/m without the addition of other conductive substances and good biocompatibility. The ionic conductivity of the gels originates from the counterions of carboxymethyl chitosan, affording the hydrogels as resistive-type sensors. The resultant hydrogel sensors demonstrate a broad strain window (0.12-1500 %), excellent linear response, high sensitivity with the gauge factor reaching 11.72, and great durability, capable of monitoring diverse human motions. This work provides a new strategy to develop stretchable conductive hydrogels with promising applications in the fields of artificial intelligence and flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyao Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Peixian Huo
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Rongjian Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaodong Shen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongli Mao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuefang Wen
- Key Laboratory for Light-weight Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Light-weight Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zi Liang Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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8
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Chen C, Wang J, Xu Z, Chen N, Wang F. Highly stretchable, self-healable and adhesive, thermal responsive conductive hydrogel loading nanocellulose complex for a flexible sensor. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125595. [PMID: 37394214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, with the widespread concerns of smart soft sensors in wearable electronics, human health detection and electronic skin, flexible conductive hydrogels have been extensively studied. However, it remains a great challenge to develop hydrogels that have both satisfactory mechanical performance with stretchable and compressible and high conductive. Herein, based on synergistic dynamic hydrogen and metal coordination bonds, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) hydrogels doped with polypyrrole decorated cellulose nanofibers (CNFs@PPy) are developed via free radical polymerization. The loading versatile CNFs@PPy highlighted the complex hydrogels super-stretchability (approximately 2600 % elongation) and excellent toughness (2.74 MJ/m3) properties to tensile deformation, strong compressive strength (1.96 MPa), fast temperature responsiveness and outstanding strain sensing capability (GF = 3.13). Moreover, the PHEMA/PVA/CNFs@PPy hydrogels possessed rapid self-healing and powerful adhesive abilities to various interfaces without extra assistance, as well as distinguished fatigue resistance performance. Such advantages make the nanocomposite hydrogel displayed high stability and repeatable to both pressure and strain in a wide range of deformations, enabling a promising candidate in the fields of motion monitoring and healthcare management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ziqi Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Naipin Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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9
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Lyu X, Hu Y, Shi S, Wang S, Li H, Wang Y, Zhou K. Hydrogel Bioelectronics for Health Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:815. [PMID: 37622901 PMCID: PMC10452556 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are considered an ideal platform for personalized healthcare due to their unique characteristics, such as their outstanding softness, appealing biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties, etc. Owing to the high similarity between hydrogels and biological tissues, hydrogels have emerged as a promising material candidate for next generation bioelectronic interfaces. In this review, we discuss (i) the introduction of hydrogel and its traditional applications, (ii) the work principles of hydrogel in bioelectronics, (iii) the recent advances in hydrogel bioelectronics for health monitoring, and (iv) the outlook for future hydrogel bioelectronics' development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Lyu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (X.L.); (S.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Yan Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (Y.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Shuai Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (Y.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Siyuan Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (X.L.); (S.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Haowen Li
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (X.L.); (S.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Yuheng Wang
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Kun Zhou
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (X.L.); (S.W.); (H.L.)
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (Y.H.); (S.S.)
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10
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Liang S, Xu W, Hu L, Yrjänä V, Wang Q, Rosqvist E, Wang L, Peltonen J, Rosenholm JM, Xu C, Latonen RM, Wang X. Aqueous Processable One-Dimensional Polypyrrole Nanostructured by Lignocellulose Nanofibril: A Conductive Interfacing Biomaterial. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3819-3834. [PMID: 37437256 PMCID: PMC10428162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials of conductive polypyrrole (PPy) are competitive biomaterials for constructing bioelectronics to interface with biological systems. Synergistic synthesis using lignocellulose nanofibrils (LCNF) as a structural template in chemical oxidation of pyrrole with Fe(III) ions facilitates surface-confined polymerization of pyrrole on the nanofibril surface within a submicrometer- and micrometer-scale fibril length. It yields a core-shell nanocomposite of PPy@LCNF, wherein the surface of each individual fibril is coated with a thin nanoscale layer of PPy. A highly positive surface charge originating from protonated PPy gives this 1D nanomaterial a durable aqueous dispersity. The fibril-fibril entanglement in the PPy@LCNFs facilely supported versatile downstream processing, e.g., spray thin-coating on glass, flexible membranes with robust mechanics, or three-dimensional cryogels. A high electrical conductivity in the magnitude of several to 12 S·cm-1 was confirmed for the solid-form PPy@LCNFs. The PPy@LCNFs are electroactive and show potential cycling capacity, encompassing a large capacitance. Dynamic control of the doping/undoping process by applying an electric field combines electronic and ionic conductivity through the PPy@LCNFs. The low cytotoxicity of the material is confirmed in noncontact cell culture of human dermal fibroblasts. This study underpins the promises for this nanocomposite PPy@LCNF as a smart platform nanomaterial in constructing interfacing bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Liang
- Laboratory
of Natural Materials Technology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi Unversity, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku FI-20500, Finland
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Wenyang Xu
- Laboratory
of Natural Materials Technology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi Unversity, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku FI-20500, Finland
| | - Liqiu Hu
- Laboratory
of Natural Materials Technology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi Unversity, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku FI-20500, Finland
| | - Ville Yrjänä
- Laboratory
of Molecular Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku FI-20500, Finland
| | - Qingbo Wang
- Laboratory
of Natural Materials Technology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi Unversity, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku FI-20500, Finland
| | - Emil Rosqvist
- Laboratory
of Molecular Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku FI-20500, Finland
| | - Luyao Wang
- Laboratory
of Natural Materials Technology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi Unversity, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku FI-20500, Finland
| | - Jouko Peltonen
- Laboratory
of Molecular Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku FI-20500, Finland
| | - Jessica M. Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Chunlin Xu
- Laboratory
of Natural Materials Technology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi Unversity, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku FI-20500, Finland
| | - Rose-Marie Latonen
- Laboratory
of Molecular Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku FI-20500, Finland
| | - Xiaoju Wang
- Laboratory
of Natural Materials Technology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi Unversity, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku FI-20500, Finland
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku FI-20520, Finland
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11
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High-stretchable, self-healing, self-adhesive, self-extinguishing, low-temperature tolerant starch-based gel and its application in stimuli-responsiveness. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 307:120600. [PMID: 36781283 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Starch with active hydroxyl groups is one of the most attractive carbohydrates for the preparation of gels in recent years. However, the mechanical properties, self-healing properties, self-adhesion properties, especially low-temperature resistance are generally unsatisfactory for current starch-based gels. Based on that, a multiple network structure of amylopectin-carboxymethyl cellulose-polyacrylamide (ACP) gel was prepared by a "cooking" method. Tannic acid (TA) was used to construct multiple hydrogen bonds among molecular chains. ACP gel demonstrates high elongation at break (1090 %) and strength, self-healing performance and adhesion behavior, extraordinary low-temperature resistance (-80 °C) and self-extinguishing. As a sensor device, ACP gel can effectively monitor human movements and microscopic expression changes and achieve real-time monitoring under harsh conditions (After multiple cutting-healing steps, under low-temperature conditions, even a month later). Additionally, ACP gel could be served to detect temperature changes with a wide operating range and a high sensitivity of 33 %·°C-1, which is promising to monitor the changes in temperature. More interestingly, ACP gel can even monitor the cooking process and breathing frequency with fast response, implying applications in food processing, disease diagnosis and medical treatment. This study provides new opportunities for the design and fabrication of carbohydrate-based gels with multiple performance and multifunctional electronic devices.
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12
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Liu C, Wen M, Mai S, Ma Y, Duan Q, Bao X, Zou W, Liu H. Harnessing nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots for enhancing the fluorescence and conductivity of the starch-based film. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 303:120475. [PMID: 36657854 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The flexible film is widely applied in the modern electronic industry, whilst it is still challenging to use biopolymer substrates (e.g., starch) to prepare flexible film well-performed in conductivity and fluorescence. In the study, a novel conductive, fluorescent, and flexible biopolymer film was prepared via a cost-effective method by fabricating the nitrogen-doped oxide-reduced graphene quantum dots (N-rGO-QDs) into the thermoplastic starch (TPS) substrate. TPS/N-rGO-QDs film with 10 wt% N-rGO-QDs showed the desirable lowest resistivity (0.082 Ω·m), acceptable light transmittance (60-80 %), and durable fluorescence intensity (9000 CPS). The results reveal a novel starch-based multifunctional film with satisfactory electrical and fluorescent performances, which is hypothesized potential to be applied in some frontier domains, like human wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mengying Wen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shihua Mai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yue Ma
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qingfei Duan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xianyang Bao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Wei Zou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Jiashili Group Limited, Jiangmen 529300, China.
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Sino-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Knowledge City, Guangzhou 510663, China.
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13
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Shu L, Wang Z, Zhang XF, Yao J. Highly conductive and anti-freezing cellulose hydrogel for flexible sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123425. [PMID: 36706872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ionic conducting hydrogels (ICHs) are emerging materials for multi-functional sensors in the fields of healthcare monitoring and flexible electronics. However, there is a long-standing dilemma between ionic conductivity and mechanical properties of the ICHs. In this work, ionic conductive, flexible, transparent, and anti-freezing hydrogels are fabricated by dissolving cotton linter pulp in ZnCl2/CaCl2 solution and cross-linking with epichlorohydrin (ECH). The presence of inorganic salt imparts the hydrogel with high ionic conductivity and low-temperature tolerance. While the introduction of ECH as the second network gives the hydrogel with desirable mechanical performance. By tailoring the ECH addition, the tensile strength, compressive strength, elongation at break, and conductivity of the hydrogel could reach 0.82 MPa, 2.80 MPa, 260 %, and 5.48 S m-1, respectively. The prepared ICHs are fabricated into sensors for detecting full-range human body motions, and they demonstrate fast response and durable sensitivity to both tensile strain and compressive deformation. Moreover, flexible sensors can work at subzero temperatures. This work provides a new idea for the preparation of cellulose-based hydrogels with good ionic conductivity and mechanical properties under extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Shu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhongguo Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Jianfeng Yao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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14
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Zhang W, Wen J, Yang J, Li M, Peng F, Ma M, Bian J. Multifunctional hybrid hydrogel with transparency, conductivity, and self-adhesion for soft sensors using hemicellulose-decorated polypyrrole as a conductive matrix. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1-10. [PMID: 36336151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Polymers with high conductivity and cross-linking ability are ideal materials for the preparation of conductive hydrogels for application in wearable electronic devices. However, the fabrication of conductive polymer-incorporated hydrogels with good synergistic properties remains a great challenge due to the hydrophobicity and opacity of conjugated π conductive polymers. In this study, a multifunctional hybrid hydrogel was prepared by incorporating hemicellulose-decorated polypyrrole (H/PPY), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and tannic acid (TA) into a polyacrylamide (PAM) network. The addition of excess ammonium persulfate (APS) in the process of gelation not only initiated the polymerization of PAM but also resulted in the change of the hydrogel from opaque to transparent by continuously breaking and reducing the size of the PPY particles. The hybrid hydrogel exhibited high transparency and conductivity, good adhesion ability and mechanical performance, and high resistance strain sensitivity and could accurately monitor the strain signals of the index finger and elbow flexion and pulse beat during rest and exercise, which has promising potential for use in wearable or implantable smart sensor devices, electronic skins, and artificial intelligence applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingyun Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiyou Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mingfei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mingguo Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Bian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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15
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Si R, Pu J, Luo H, Wu C, Duan G. Nanocellulose-Based Adsorbents for Heavy Metal Ion. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245479. [PMID: 36559846 PMCID: PMC9783304 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal ions in industrial sewage constitute a serious threat to human health. Nanocellulose-based adsorbents are emerging as an environmentally friendly material platform for heavy metal ion removal based on their unique properties, which include high specific surface area, excellent mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. In this review, we cover the most recent works on nanocellulose-based adsorbents for heavy metal ion removal and present an in-depth discussion of the modification technologies for nanocellulose in the process of assembling high-performance heavy ion adsorbents. By introducing functional groups, such as amino, carboxyl, aldehyde, and thiol, the assembled nanocellulose-based adsorbents both remove single heavy metal ions and can selectively adsorb multiple heavy ions in water. Finally, the remaining challenges of nanocellulose-based adsorbents are pointed out. We anticipate that this review will provide indispensable guidance on the application of nanocellulose-based adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Si
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Junwen Pu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (C.W.); (G.D.); Tel.: +86-136-8124-3864 (J.P.); +86-150-6903-1483 (C.W.)
| | - Honggang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Chaojun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (C.W.); (G.D.); Tel.: +86-136-8124-3864 (J.P.); +86-150-6903-1483 (C.W.)
| | - Gaigai Duan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (C.W.); (G.D.); Tel.: +86-136-8124-3864 (J.P.); +86-150-6903-1483 (C.W.)
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16
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Highly stretchable, elastic, antimicrobial conductive hydrogels with environment-adaptive adhesive property for health monitoring. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 622:612-624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Insights on the capacitance degradation of polypyrrole nanowires during prolonged cycling. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Rong L, Xie X, Yuan W, Fu Y. Superior, Environmentally Tolerant, Flexible, and Adhesive Poly(ionic liquid) Gel as a Multifaceted Underwater Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:29273-29283. [PMID: 35704849 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, gel-based sensors have been widely considered and fully developed. However, it is of vital importance, yet rather challenging to achieve a multifaceted gel, which can unify the advantages of favorable conductivity, high adhesion, excellent environmental resistance, and so forth and be applied in various harsh conditions. Herein, an ideal, extremely stable, adhesive, conductive poly(ionic liquid) gel (PILG) was designed via a one-step photoinitiated radical polymerization based on 1-vinyl-3-butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (VBIm-NTf2) cross-linked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) in methyltributylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (N1444-NTf2) medium. There are abundant hydrophobic butyl chains and fluorinated groups in VBIm-NTf2 and N1444-NTf2, which can impart the PILG with stable conductivity, excellent environmental tolerance, and adhesion even in water due to the ion-dipole and ion-ion interactions. The resulting PILG can be assembled as a soft and smart sensor that can be applied in specific conditions such as underwater or undersea and even in dynamic water, achieving a stable signal transmission. Meanwhile, the PILG can be utilized as a flexible electrode to convey ECG signals in air or water whether it is in the static or dynamic state. Therefore, it is envisioned that this novel PILG will serve as a hopeful electrical device for signal detection and healthy management in specific environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liduo Rong
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhong Yuan
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
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19
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Zhang J, Zhang Q, Liu X, Xia S, Gao Y, Gao G. Flexible and wearable strain sensors based on conductive hydrogels. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Xin Liu
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Shan Xia
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Yang Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Guanghui Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
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20
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Gandini A, M. Lacerda T. Monomers and Macromolecular Materials from Renewable Resources: State of the Art and Perspectives. Molecules 2021; 27:159. [PMID: 35011391 PMCID: PMC8746301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A progressively increasing concern about the environmental impacts of the whole polymer industry has boosted the design of less aggressive technologies that allow for the maximum use of carbon atoms, and reduced dependence on the fossil platform. Progresses related to the former approach are mostly based on the concept of the circular economy, which aims at a thorough use of raw materials, from production to disposal. The latter, however, has been considered a priority nowadays, as short-term biological processes can efficiently provide a myriad of chemicals for the polymer industry. Polymers from renewable resources are widely established in research and technology facilities from all over the world, and a broader consolidation of such materials is expected in a near future. Herein, an up-to-date overview of the most recent and relevant contributions dedicated to the production of monomers and polymers from biomass is presented. We provide some basic issues related to the preparation of polymers from renewable resources to discuss ongoing strategies that can be used to achieve original polymers and systems thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gandini
- Graduate School of Engineering in Paper, Print Media and Biomaterials (Grenoble INP-Pagora), University Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, CEDEX 9, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères, France
| | - Talita M. Lacerda
- Biotechnology Department, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena CEP 12602-810, SP, Brazil;
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