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Zhan H, Yu G, Zheng M, Zhu Y, Ni H, Oda T, Jiang Z. Inhibitory effects of a low-molecular-weight sulfated fucose-containing saccharide on α-amylase and α-glucosidase prepared from ascophyllan. Food Funct 2022; 13:1119-1132. [PMID: 35018397 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03331j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To find natural and safe anti-diabetic foods or potential drugs, low-molecular-weight saccharide fragments LMWAs-H (Mw 33.48 kDa) and LMWAs-L (Mw 6.71 kDa) from the sulfated polysaccharide ascophyllan of Ascophyllum nodosum using alginate lyase (EC 4.2.2.3) were investigated. The results revealed that LMWAs-H possessed potent inhibition activity against α-glucosidase or α-amylase in a concentration-dependent manner, which were higher than native ascophyllan or LMWAs-L. LMWAs-H exhibited a stronger inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase than α-amylase because it differently affects the conformational structures of these enzymes. Structural analysis revealed LMWAs-H to be →4)-α-L-Fucp-(1 → 4)-α-L-Fucp-(1 → 3)-β-D-Xylp-(1 → 3)-α-L-Fucp4S(1→ as main chain, and T-α-D-Glcp-(1→ and →3)-β-D-ManpAred residues were attached to the ends of main chain as non-reducing- and reducing-end residues, respectively. The 4-deoxy-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyluronate linked the O-4 position of →3,4)-β-D-ManpAred residue as side branches. Our results suggest that LMWAs-H is the main active structural motif responsible for the enzymes-inhibiting activities, which is probably derived from the fucose-containing branches of ascophyllan. Our findings reveal that the strong inhibition of LMWAs-H on α-glucosidase but mild inhibition on α-amylase is highly related to its structural properties, suggesting its desirable characteristics as an anti-diabetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhan
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.
| | - Gang Yu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.
| | - Mingjing Zheng
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China. .,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Yanbing Zhu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China. .,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China. .,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science & Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China. .,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
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2
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Liang Y, Zha S, Tentaku M, Okimura T, Jiang Z, Ueno M, Hirasaka K, Yamaguchi K, Oda T. Suppressive effects of sulfated polysaccharide ascophyllan isolated from Ascophyllum nodosum on the production of NO and ROS in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:882-889. [PMID: 33580696 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we found that a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum, ascophyllan, showed suppressive effects on stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Ascophyllan significantly inhibited expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA and excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner without affecting the viability of RAW264.7 cells. Ascophyllan also reduced the elevated level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, preincubation with ascophyllan resulted in concentration-dependent decrease in ROS production in phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Our results suggest that ascophyllan can exhibit anti-inflammatory effects on stimulated macrophages mainly through the attenuation of NO and ROS productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shijiao Zha
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masanobu Tentaku
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takasi Okimura
- Research and Development Division, Hayashikane Sangyo Co., Ltd., Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Systemic Utilization and In-depth Processing of Economic Seaweed, Xiamen Southern Ocean Technology Center of China, Xiamen, China
| | - Mikinori Ueno
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsuya Hirasaka
- Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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González-Ballesteros N, Diego-González L, Lastra-Valdor M, Rodríguez-Argüelles MC, Grimaldi M, Cavazza A, Bigi F, Simón-Vázquez R. Immunostimulant and biocompatible gold and silver nanoparticles synthesized using the Ulva intestinalis L. aqueous extract. J Mater Chem B 2020; 7:4677-4691. [PMID: 31364682 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00215d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study to report on the biocompatible and immunogenic properties of one-pot synthesised gold and silver nanoparticles (Au@UI and Ag@UI) using the macroalgae Ulva intestinalis (UI). The UI aqueous extract, Au@UI, and Ag@UI were obtained under sterile conditions and fully characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, TEM, HRTEM, STEM and FTIR spectroscopy. Moreover, for the first time, the composition of carbohydrates in the UI extract has been reported along with the changes observed after nanoparticle synthesis by size exclusion chromatography, in order to investigate their possible role in the biosynthetic process. This study suggested that the polysaccharide fraction of the extract is involved in the formation and stabilization of the nanoparticles. The potential toxicity of the samples was evaluated using different cell lines and the hemocompatibility was tested in mouse erythrocytes. In addition, ROS production, complement activation and cytokine release were evaluated to determine the immunogenicity. The results showed that Au@UI and Ag@UI exhibit good biocompatibility and hemocompatibility, with the exception of Ag@UI nanoparticles at high concentration, which were hemolytic. The samples induced ROS release and complement activation, two key mechanisms in innate immunity. The samples also induced the release of cytokines from Th1 and Th2 profiles, and other cytokines implicated in the activation of the immune system. Au@UI and Ag@UI were biocompatible and preserved the immunostimulant properties of the UI extract. Hence, Au@UI and Ag@UI could be useful as adjuvants in vaccine development and promote a balanced Th1 and Th2 immune response mediated by ROS production, cytokine release and complement activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N González-Ballesteros
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), Universidade de Vigo, 36210 Vigo, Spain.
| | - L Diego-González
- Inmunología. Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS-GS), Universidade de Vigo, 36210 Vigo, Spain
| | - M Lastra-Valdor
- Estación de Ciencias Marinas de Toralla (ECIMAT), Universidade de Vigo, 36210 Vigo, Spain
| | - M C Rodríguez-Argüelles
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), Universidade de Vigo, 36210 Vigo, Spain.
| | - M Grimaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale (SCVSA), Università di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - A Cavazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale (SCVSA), Università di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - F Bigi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale (SCVSA), Università di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy and IMEM-CNR Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - R Simón-Vázquez
- Inmunología. Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS-GS), Universidade de Vigo, 36210 Vigo, Spain
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Wu S, Liu Y, Jiang P, Xu Y, Zheng W, Song S, Ai C. Effect of sulfate group on sulfated polysaccharides-induced improvement of metabolic syndrome and gut microbiota dysbiosis in high fat diet-fed mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2062-2072. [PMID: 32768480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides were shown to benefit metabolic syndrome (MS) and gut microbiota, but the contribution of sulfate group remains unclear. In this study, sulfated polysaccharides from pacific abalone (AGSP) and its desulfated product (D-AGSP) were prepared, and the contribution of sulfate group was analyzed via in vitro and in vivo models. The result showed that sulfate group had no obvious effect on the reaction of AGSP with RAW 264.7 cells, but it affected the growth properties of gut microbes that able to utilize AGSP. The mice experiment showed that D-AGSP reduced weight gain, fat accumulation and lipid metabolism disorder in HFD-fed mice as well as AGSP, and no differences between them were found. Sequencing analysis showed that sulfate group influenced AGSP-induced alterations of the gut microbiota at higher taxonomic levels, some of which had close correlation with the improvement of physiological index. These results implied that sulfate group may partially determine the activities of polysaccharides via gut microbiota-mediated pathway, but the exact mechanisms need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Yili Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Pingrui Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Yuxin Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Weiyun Zheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Shuang Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Chunqing Ai
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China.
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5
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Yu G, Chen Y, Bao Q, Jiang Z, Zhu Y, Ni H, Li Q, Oda T. A low-molecular-weight ascophyllan prepared from Ascophyllum nodosum: Optimization, analysis and biological activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:107-117. [PMID: 32135255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a low-molecular-weight saccharide fragment (LMWAs-L) was prepared from alginate lyase (EC 4.2.2.3) hydrolyzed ascophyllan by ultra-filtration separation method. LMWAs-L was a homogeneous saccharide fraction with an average molecular weight of 6.96 kDa. Enzymolysis process optimization experiments revealed that the optimum process parameters for preparing LMWAs-L were the enzyme concentration 0.02 U/mL, initial pH 6.8, and enzymolysis temperature 43 °C. After optimization, the yield of LMWAs-L was increased to 9.74% higher than that without optimization. Interestingly, LMWAs-L exhibited stronger enhancing activities on the proliferation and migration of human skin fibroblasts cells in vitro and better antibacterial activities as compared to native ascophyllan at the same mass concentration. Our study establishes a simple way to prepare low-molecular-weight saccharide with beneficial bioactivities from ascophyllan efficiently. This is the first report to reveal that ascophyllan and its low-molecular-weight saccharide have the potentials to be developed as natural biological dressing and antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Systemic Utilization and In-depth Processing of Economic Seaweed, Xiamen Southern Ocean Research Center, Xiamen 361021, China.; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qingyun Bao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Systemic Utilization and In-depth Processing of Economic Seaweed, Xiamen Southern Ocean Research Center, Xiamen 361021, China.; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Yanbing Zhu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Systemic Utilization and In-depth Processing of Economic Seaweed, Xiamen Southern Ocean Research Center, Xiamen 361021, China.; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Systemic Utilization and In-depth Processing of Economic Seaweed, Xiamen Southern Ocean Research Center, Xiamen 361021, China.; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qingbiao Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Systemic Utilization and In-depth Processing of Economic Seaweed, Xiamen Southern Ocean Research Center, Xiamen 361021, China.; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science & Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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6
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Jiang Z, Yu G, Bao Q, Xu X, Zhu Y, Ni H, Li Q, Oda T. Macrophage-stimulating activities of a novel low molecular weight saccharide fragment prepared from ascophyllan with alginate lyase. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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7
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Okimura T, Jiang Z, Liang Y, Yamaguchi K, Oda T. Suppressive effect of ascophyllan HS on postprandial blood sugar level through the inhibition of α-glucosidase and stimulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 125:453-458. [PMID: 30537502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A sulfated polysaccharide ascophyllan inhibited α-glucosidase in a concentration dependent manner, and >90% activity was inhibited at 1.0 mg/mL. The inhibitory activity was much higher than that of acarbose. No significant inhibitory effect of ascophyllan on α-amylase was observed up to 10.0 mg/mL. Ascophyllan HS, a commercially available ascophyllan preparation showed even higher inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase than ascophyllan. Interestingly, ascophyllan and ascophyllan HS induced the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) from human intestinal NCI-H716 cell line in a concentration dependent manner (10-100 ng/mL). The oral glucose tolerance tests revealed that after continuous 8-week ingestion of ascophyllan HS at 100 mg/day, the glucose area under the curve values of the ascophyllan HS ingested group were significantly lower than placebo ingested group. Serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level in ascophyllan HS ingested group tended to decrease after 8-week ingestion, whereas no significant change was observed in placebo ingested group. This is the first report indicating that ascophyllan can induce the secretion of GLP-1 from human intestinal cell line (NCI-H716), besides the potent inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase. Furthermore, clinical trial suggested that ascophyllan HS may be a practically applicable blood glucose controlling agent in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takasi Okimura
- Research and Development Division, Hayashikane Sangyo Co., Ltd., Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 750-8608, Japan
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
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8
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Sahana TG, Rekha PD. A bioactive exopolysaccharide from marine bacteria Alteromonas sp. PRIM-28 and its role in cell proliferation and wound healing in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:10-18. [PMID: 30851325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Marine bacteria secrete exopolysaccharides (EPS) with unique structural and functional properties and serve as a source of newer bioactive biopolymers. This study reports an EPS produced by a marine bacterium identified as Alteromonas sp. PRIM-28 for its bioactivities. The EPS was characterised using standard methods and tested for its bioactivities using in vitro models. EPS-A28 is an anionic heteropolysaccharide with a molecular weight of 780 kDa and exists as triple helical structure in aqueous solution. Monosaccharide composition is mannuronic acid, glucose and N-acetyl glucosamine repeating units in the ratio 1:3.67:0.93. The FT-IR spectra showed the presence of sulphate, phosphate and uronic acid residues. The thermal analysis showed partial degradation of the EPS-A28 at 190 °C and 40% of residues were stable up to 800 °C. It showed biocompatibility and induced proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and keratinocytes. EPS-A28 could increase the S-phase of cell cycle. The proliferative property of the EPS-A28 was established by the increased expression of fibroblast proliferation marker (Ki-67) also its capability of binding to cell surface. It also induced nitric oxide and arginase synthesis in macrophages. These findings suggest that EPS-A28 can be potentially used as a multifunctional bioactive polymer in wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Sahana
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, India.
| | - P D Rekha
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, India.
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9
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Barbosa JDS, Costa MSSP, Melo LFMD, Medeiros MJCD, Pontes DDL, Scortecci KC, Rocha HAO. Caulerpa Cupressoides Var. Flabellata. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E105. [PMID: 30744130 PMCID: PMC6410129 DOI: 10.3390/md17020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Green seaweeds are rich sources of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) with potential biomedical and nutraceutical applications. The aim of this work was to evaluate the immunostimulatory activity of SPs from the seaweed, Caulerpa cupressoides var. flabellata on murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. SPs were evaluated for their ability to modify cell viability and to stimulate the production of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cytokines. Additionally, their effect on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) gene expression was investigated. The results showed that SPs were not cytotoxic and were able to increase in the production of NO, ROS and the cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). It was also observed that treatment with SPs increased iNOS and COX-2 gene expression. Together, these results indicate that C. cupressoides var. flabellata SPs have strong immunostimulatory activity, with potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Da Silva Barbosa
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais , Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570, Brazil.
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), São Gonçalo do Amarante, Rio Grande do Norte, 59291-727, Brazil.
| | | | - Luciana Fentanes Moura De Melo
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais , Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Jane Campos De Medeiros
- Laboratório de Química de Coordenação e Polímeros (LQCPol), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Daniel De Lima Pontes
- Laboratório de Química de Coordenação e Polímeros (LQCPol), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Katia Castanho Scortecci
- Laboratório de Transformação de Plantas e Análise em Microscopia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais , Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570, Brazil.
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10
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Development of a colorimetric PNGase activity assay. Carbohydr Res 2019; 472:58-64. [PMID: 30476755 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PNGases are crucial targets and valuable tools in analyzing asparagine-linked carbohydrate moieties (N-glycans) of glycoproteins. Activity tests of PNGases have been little improved since their discovery four decades ago, and still rely on observing deglycosylation patterns of glycoproteins or glycopeptides using SDS-PAGE or HPLC analysis. These techniques cannot be easily adapted for automated sampling and high-throughput procedures. Herein, we describe a PNGase activity assay which relies on the conversion of WST-1, a yellowish, water-soluble tetrazolium dye (sodium 2-(4-Iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitro-phenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolate), into a blue formazan dye. In this work, we showed that WST-1 could be reduced by N-glycans, which were enzymatically released from glycoprotein substrates. After optimization of the assay conditions, the robustness of the method was challenged by quantifying the activity of various PNGase isoforms at different purification stages using a microwell plate reader. Furthermore, the assay could be used to obtain steady-state kinetics of PNGase H+ wild-type and mutant variants, which showed significant differences in their enzymatic reaction rates. The simplicity and robustness of this method might be of benefit for the detection of PNGase activity in routine applications of large amounts of samples.
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Yelithao K, Surayot U, Park W, Lee S, Lee DH, You S. Effect of sulfation and partial hydrolysis of polysaccharides from Polygonatum sibiricum on immune-enhancement. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 122:10-18. [PMID: 30336240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous polysaccharide from Polygonatum sibiricum was extracted and fractionated using anion-exchange chromatography to obtain F1 fraction. The F1 was chemically sulfated and partially acid-hydrolyzed for the production of its over-sulfated (OS1,2,3) and hydrolyzed (HP1,2,3) derivatives, in which the sulfate content of OS1,2,3 was 7.5-17.1%, and the Mw of HP1,2,3 ranged from 18.2 × 103 to 57.3 × 103 g/mol. Considerable RAW264.7 cell activation was observed by HP1,2,3 with NO production of 34.9, 44.3 and 42.7 μM, respectively, as well as the mRNA expression of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12). NK cell cytotoxicity against HT-29 cell was facilitated by OS1,2,3 treatment with the increased gene expressions of INF-γ, Granzyme-B, perforin, NKG2D, and FasL. RAW264.7 cells appeared to be activated via MR and TLR4 mediated signaling pathway, but CR3 and TRL2 might play a main role in stimulating NK cells. Overall, the present study suggests the potential application of polysaccharides from P. sibiricum in functional foods and pharmacological industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khamphone Yelithao
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneung, Gangwon 210-702, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Souphanouvong University, 13th North Route Road, Ban Donemai, Luangprabang, Laos
| | - Utoomporn Surayot
- College of Maritime Studies and Management, Chiangmai University, Samut Sakhon 74000, Thailand
| | - WooJung Park
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneung, Gangwon 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - SangMin Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneung, Gangwon 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneung, Gangwon 210-702, Republic of Korea; The East Coast Research Institute of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneung, Gangwon 210-720, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Yanagido A, Ueno M, Jiang Z, Cho K, Yamaguchi K, Kim D, Oda T. Increase in anti-inflammatory activities of radical-degraded porphyrans isolated from discolored nori (Pyropia yezoensis). Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Kuznetsova TA, Persiyanova EV, Ermakova SP, Khotimchenko MY, Besednova NN. The Sulfated Polysaccharides of Brown Algae and Products of Their Enzymatic Transformation as Potential Vaccine Adjuvants. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The review is devoted to critical analysis of literature data, deal with effects and mechanisms of action of sulfated polysaccharides (PSs) – fucoidans from brown algae and products of their enzymatic transformation as potential adjuvants for enhancement of anti-infective and antitumor immune response. Numerous experimental data indicate that sulfated PSs demonstrate properties of vaccine adjuvants. Application perspectiveness of fucoidans as vaccine adjuvants is defined by their high biocompatibility, low-toxicity, safety and good tolerance by macroorganism, and also mechanisms of their immunomodulatory action. In particular, fucoidans are agonists of receptors of innate immunity and strong inducers of cellular and humoral immune response. At presenting the data of structural - functional interrelations, attention focused to the defining role of degree of sulfation, uronic acids and polyphenols contents, and also molecular mass in actions of fucoidans to innate and adaptive immunity cells. Insufficiency of literary data on studying of correlation of structure – physicochemical characteristics with adjuvanticities of the sulfated PSs, and also the problem of standardization of their active fractions are noted. Special attention is paid to the analysis of immunomodulatory and adjuvant activity of fucoidan oligosaccharides. Presented here results of experimental trial indicate that, despite the difficulties due to preparation of highly purified structurally characterized fractions and complex structure of fucoidans, these substances can be used as safe and effective adjuvants in vaccines against various pathogens including viruses, and also in antitumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana A. Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Research Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology», Sel'skaya street, 1, 690087, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine, bldg. M25 FEFU Campus, Ajax Bay, Russky Isl., 690922 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V. Persiyanova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Research Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology», Sel'skaya street, 1, 690087, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana P. Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim Yu. Khotimchenko
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine, bldg. M25 FEFU Campus, Ajax Bay, Russky Isl., 690922 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Natalya N. Besednova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Research Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology», Sel'skaya street, 1, 690087, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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14
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Effects of sulfated fucan from the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus on natural killer cell activation and cytotoxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:177-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Effects of the molecular weight and protein and sulfate content of Chlorella ellipsoidea polysaccharides on their immunomodulatory activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:70-77. [PMID: 28860062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of the protein and sulfate content, as well as the molecular weight (Mw), of green alga Chlorella ellipsoidea polysaccharides on their immunomodulatory activity. The deproteinized (DP1-3), desulfated (DS1-3), and hydrolyzed (DH1-3) derivatives of C. ellipsoidea polysaccharides were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis, desulfation, and acid hydrolysis, respectively, of differing durations, resulting in preparations containing various amounts of proteins (2.41%-8.97%), sulfates (1.36%-4.89%), and Mw (51.5-193.4kDa). The DH1-3-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) by RAW264.7 cells, decreased as the Mw of DH1-3 decreased. In addition, the sulfate content and Mw of DS1-3 affected the release of NO. However, lower protein content did not affect DP1-3-induced NO release and cytokine mRNA expression in RAW264.7 cells. Based on a multiple regression analysis of the effects of protein content, sulfate content, and Mw, on NO release, we found that Mw was a key factor for the stimulation of RAW264.7 cells, as it affected cytokine production, and activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Therefore, the Mw of C. ellipsoidea polysaccharides played an important role in their immunomodulatory activities.
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16
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Cunha L, Grenha A. Sulfated Seaweed Polysaccharides as Multifunctional Materials in Drug Delivery Applications. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E42. [PMID: 26927134 PMCID: PMC4820297 DOI: 10.3390/md14030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the discovery of metabolites from marine resources showing biological activity has increased significantly. Among marine resources, seaweed is a valuable source of structurally diverse bioactive compounds. The cell walls of marine algae are rich in sulfated polysaccharides, including carrageenan in red algae, ulvan in green algae and fucoidan in brown algae. Sulfated polysaccharides have been increasingly studied over the years in the pharmaceutical field, given their potential usefulness in applications such as the design of drug delivery systems. The purpose of this review is to discuss potential applications of these polymers in drug delivery systems, with a focus on carrageenan, ulvan and fucoidan. General information regarding structure, extraction process and physicochemical properties is presented, along with a brief reference to reported biological activities. For each material, specific applications under the scope of drug delivery are described, addressing in privileged manner particulate carriers, as well as hydrogels and beads. A final section approaches the application of sulfated polysaccharides in targeted drug delivery, focusing with particular interest the capacity for macrophage targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmylla Cunha
- Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Ana Grenha
- Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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17
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Surayot U, Lee JH, Park W, You S. Structural characteristics of polysaccharides extracted from Cladophora glomerata Kützing affecting nitric oxide releasing capacity of RAW 264.7 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Abu R, Jiang Z, Ueno M, Isaka S, Nakazono S, Okimura T, Cho K, Yamaguchi K, Kim D, Oda T. Anti-metastatic effects of the sulfated polysaccharide ascophyllan isolated from Ascophyllum nodosum on B16 melanoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:727-32. [PMID: 25623538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that ascophyllan, a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum, exhibited antitumor activity in sarcoma-180 tumor-bearing mice. In this study, we found that ascophyllan inhibited the migration and adhesion of B16 melanoma cells by reducing the expression of N-cadherin and enhancing the expression of E-cadherin in a concentration-dependent manner. Transwell invasion assay revealed that ascophyllan suppressed the invasion ability of B16 cells. It also inhibited the expression of matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) mRNA and the secretion of MMP-9 protein in B16 cells, a process that may involve the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Furthermore, ascophyllan administered intraperitoneally at 25 mg/kg showed anti-metastatic activity in a mouse model of metastasis induced by intravenous injection of B16 cells, and the number of lung surface metastatic nodules in ascophyllan-treated mice was significantly reduced compared to that in the untreated control mice. Since splenic natural killer cell activity enhanced in the mice injected with ascophyllan intraperitoneally, we suggest that ascophyllan may exhibit in vivo anti-metastatic activity on B16 melanoma cells through activation of the host immune system in addition to a direct action on cancer cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/chemistry
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/chemistry
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/therapeutic use
- Ascophyllum/chemistry
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/immunology
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/prevention & control
- Polysaccharides/chemistry
- Polysaccharides/therapeutic use
- Spleen/cytology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryogo Abu
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Mikinori Ueno
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Shogo Isaka
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakazono
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takasi Okimura
- Research and Development Division, Hayashikane Sangyo Co., Ltd., Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 750-8608, Japan
| | - Kichul Cho
- Jeju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea; Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Kenichi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Daekyung Kim
- Jeju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea; Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
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19
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Cao RA, Lee SH, You S. Structural Effects of Sulfated-Glycoproteins from Stichopus japonicus on the Nitric Oxide Secretion Ability of RAW 264.7 Cells. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2014; 19:307-13. [PMID: 25580395 PMCID: PMC4287323 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2014.19.4.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of various levels of proteins, sulfates, and molecular weight (Mw) of a sulfated-glycoprotein (NF3) from a sea cucumber, Stichopus japonicus, on nitric oxide (NO) releasing capacity from RAW 264.7 cells was investigated. The NF3 derivatives had various amounts of proteins (4.8~11.2%) and sulfates (6.8~25.2%) as well as different Mw (640.3×103~109.2×103 g/mol). NF3 was able to stimulate RAW 264.7 cells to release NO with lower protein contents, indicating that the protein moiety was not an important factor to stimulate macrophages. On the other hand, the NO inducing capacity was significantly reduced with decreased levels of sulfates and Mw, implying that sulfates and Mw played a pivotal role in activating RAW 264.7 cells. It was not clear why sulfates and a certain range of Mw were essential for stimulating macrophages. It appeared that certain levels of sulfates and Mw of sulfated-glycoproteins were required to bind to the surface receptors on RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-An Cao
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China ; Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon 210-702, Korea
| | - Su-Han Lee
- Department of Food Technology and Service, Eulji University, Gyeonggi 461-713, Korea
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon 210-702, Korea
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20
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Isaka S, Cho K, Nakazono S, Abu R, Ueno M, Kim D, Oda T. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of porphyran isolated from discolored nori (Porphyra yezoensis). Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 74:68-75. [PMID: 25499893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We found that discolored waste nori with no commercial value, contains much higher level of porphyran than normal nori that is a sheeted food stuff prepared from P. yezoensis used in sushi. Chemical analyses revealed that mean molecular mass of the porphyran prepared from discolored nori (dc-porphyran) was much lower than that of the porphyran from normal nori (n-porphyran). Dc-porphyran showed slightly greater scavenging activity toward superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical than n-porphyran. Dc-porphyran inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells through preventing the expression of inducible NO synthase, whereas no such activity was observed in n-porphyran. Since acid-hydrolyzed n-porphyran showed the inhibitory activity on NO production from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, the molecular size of porphyran was suggested to be a critical factor for the activity. Dc-porphyran was separated into 4 fractions (F1-F4) on DEAE-chromatography, and F1 showed the highest inhibitory effect on NO production from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Our results indicate that discolored waste nori is useful as a source of porphyran with even better bioactivities than porphyran from normal nori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Isaka
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kichul Cho
- Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Jeju center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Satoru Nakazono
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryogo Abu
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mikinori Ueno
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daekyung Kim
- Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Jeju center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Nagasaki, Japan; Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Nagasaki, Japan.
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21
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Bilan MI, Shashkov AS, Usov AI. Structure of a sulfated xylofucan from the brown alga Punctaria plantaginea. Carbohydr Res 2014; 393:1-8. [PMID: 24879011 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A polysaccharide composed of L-fucose, D-xylose, and sulfate in a molar proportion of about 5:2:3 was isolated from the brown alga Punctaria plantaginea. Polysaccharide structure was elucidated by methylation analysis, Smith degradation, as well as by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The polysaccharide was shown to contain a backbone of 3-linked α-L-fucopyranose residues, about two thirds of which are sulfated at O-2 forming trisaccharide repeating units →3)-α-L-Fucp2S-(1→3)-α-L-Fucp2S-(1→3)-α-L-Fucp-(1→. This structural regularity is masked by random distribution of non-sulfated β-D-Xylp residues attached to position 4 of the backbone. The polysaccharide is a new representative of a complex 'fucoidan' family of sulfated polysaccharides of brown seaweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Bilan
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anatolii I Usov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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22
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Ustyuzhanina NE, Bilan MI, Ushakova NA, Usov AI, Kiselevskiy MV, Nifantiev NE. Fucoidans: Pro- or antiangiogenic agents? Glycobiology 2014; 24:1265-74. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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