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Liu Y, Zhuge X, Liu T, Luo Z, Luo K, Li Y, Ren Y, Bayati M, Liu X. Cold-plasma activation converting conductive agent in spent Li-ion batteries to bifunctional oxygen reduction/evolution electrocatalyst for zinc-air batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 665:793-800. [PMID: 38554469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Considerable amount of high-value transition metals components can be recycled in spent ternary lithium-ion batteries. In this study, we utilized the conductive agent carbon black, obtained from the leaching waste resulting from the chemical recovery of spent lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt (NCM) oxide cathode materials. This process allows us to create valuable bifunctional catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction (ORR/OER), facilitated by a facile cold plasma activation method, as a part of lithium batteries circular economy. The activated conductive agent (RCA-30) exhibited an ORR half-wave potential of 0.74 V (vs. RHE) in 0.1 mol/L KOH solution, and an OER overpotential of 360 mV at 10 mA cm-2 in 1 mol/L KOH electrolyte, owing to nitrogen doping of carbon black and activation of surface metal oxides. The complete zinc-air batteries incorporating the activated catalysts at the cathode exhibited an open circuit potential of up to 1.48 V and sustained cycling for 100 h at a current density of 5 mA cm-2. Additionally, the activated catalysts contributed to a power density of 92 mW cm-2 and a full discharge capacity of 640 mAh/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Liu
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Centre of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology for the New Energy Vehicle Power Battery, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Xiangqun Zhuge
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Centre of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology for the New Energy Vehicle Power Battery, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Tong Liu
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Centre of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology for the New Energy Vehicle Power Battery, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Zhihong Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Kun Luo
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Centre of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology for the New Energy Vehicle Power Battery, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China.
| | - Yibing Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Yurong Ren
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Centre of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology for the New Energy Vehicle Power Battery, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Maryam Bayati
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8QH, UK
| | - Xiaoteng Liu
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Centre of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology for the New Energy Vehicle Power Battery, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China; Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8QH, UK.
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Liu K, Ye X, Zhang A, Wang X, Liang T, Fang Y, Zhang W, Hu K, Liu X, Chen X. Highly efficient Fe-Cu dual-site nanoparticles supported on black pearls 2000 (carbon black) as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts for Al-air batteries. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5184-5192. [PMID: 38332797 PMCID: PMC10851107 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07925b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Acquiring cost-effective, high-performance, non-precious metal catalysts is crucial for substituting precious metal catalysts in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to ensure sustainable energy conversion. Herein, we present a preparation strategy for a high-performance Cu-Fe-CN-3 electrocatalyst characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of Cu and Fe into Black Pearls' carbon black (BP2000) and the strong synergistic effect between Fe and Cu contributed to the enhancement of active sites for the ORR. Electrochemical characterization revealed that the Cu-Fe-CN-3 catalyst synthesized by mixing Cu and Fe in a molar ratio of 3 : 1 exhibits superior catalytic activity for the ORR. The ORR performance of the Cu-Fe-CN-3 catalyst in an alkaline electrolyte (E1/2 0.867 V vs. RHE) surpassed that of Pt/C (E1/2 0.841 V vs. RHE), and the assembled aluminum-air battery demonstrated superior voltage stability compared to Pt/C under the same current density. After 2000 cycles, the E1/2 of the Cu-Fe-CN-3 catalyst exhibited a slight negative shift by 5 mV, which was better than the activity loss of the Pt/C catalyst (12 mV). At the same current density, the average discharge platform of Al-air batteries with the Cu-Fe-CN-3 catalyst was better than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Therefore, the prepared Cu-Fe-CN-3 electrocatalyst exhibits great potential as an efficient ORR catalyst in fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Biomimetic Sensor and Detecting Technology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, West Anhui University Lu'an 237012 China +86 0564 3305690 +86 0564 3305690
| | - Xiaoyue Ye
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Biomimetic Sensor and Detecting Technology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, West Anhui University Lu'an 237012 China +86 0564 3305690 +86 0564 3305690
| | - Angli Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Biomimetic Sensor and Detecting Technology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, West Anhui University Lu'an 237012 China +86 0564 3305690 +86 0564 3305690
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Biomimetic Sensor and Detecting Technology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, West Anhui University Lu'an 237012 China +86 0564 3305690 +86 0564 3305690
| | - Ting Liang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Biomimetic Sensor and Detecting Technology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, West Anhui University Lu'an 237012 China +86 0564 3305690 +86 0564 3305690
| | - Yan Fang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Biomimetic Sensor and Detecting Technology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, West Anhui University Lu'an 237012 China +86 0564 3305690 +86 0564 3305690
| | - Wang Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Biomimetic Sensor and Detecting Technology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, West Anhui University Lu'an 237012 China +86 0564 3305690 +86 0564 3305690
| | - Ke Hu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Biomimetic Sensor and Detecting Technology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, West Anhui University Lu'an 237012 China +86 0564 3305690 +86 0564 3305690
| | - Xiaowu Liu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Biomimetic Sensor and Detecting Technology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, West Anhui University Lu'an 237012 China +86 0564 3305690 +86 0564 3305690
| | - Xin Chen
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Biomimetic Sensor and Detecting Technology, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, West Anhui University Lu'an 237012 China +86 0564 3305690 +86 0564 3305690
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3
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Taheri S, Heravi MM, Saljooqi A. Ionothermal synthesis of magnetic N-doped porous carbon to immobilize Pd nanoparticles as an efficient nanocatalyst for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17566. [PMID: 37845255 PMCID: PMC10579375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon materials play important roles as catalysts or catalyst supports for reduction reactions owing to their high porosity, large specific surface area, great electron conductivity, and excellent chemical stability. In this paper, a mesoporous N-doped carbon substrate (exhibited as N-C) has been synthesized by ionothermal carbonization of glucose in the presence of histidine. The N-C substrate was modified by Fe3O4 nanoparticles (N-C/Fe3O4), and then Pd nanoparticles were stabilized on the magnetic substrate to synthesize an eco-friendly Pd catalyst with high efficiency, magnetic, reusability, recoverability, and great stability. To characterize the Pd/Fe3O4-N-C nanocatalyst, different microscopic and spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM/EDX, and TEM were applied. Moreover, Pd/Fe3O4-N-C showed high catalytic activity in reducing nitroaromatic compounds in water at ambient temperatures when NaBH4 was used as a reducing agent. The provided nanocatalyst's great catalytic durability and power can be attributed to the synergetic interaction among well-dispersed Pd nanoparticles and N-doped carbonaceous support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Taheri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Asma Saljooqi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Jing Z, Guo W, Yu H, Qi S, Tao X, Qiao Y, Zhang W, Li X, Dong H. A new approach to simultaneously reducing, nitrogen doping and noble metal coating of graphene oxide via active-screen plasma. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:055702. [PMID: 36317242 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac9e06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is widely used for various applications, especially after nitrogen doping and incorporation with metal nanoparticles. Herein, a simultaneous approach to reducing, nitrogen doping and noble metals coating of graphene oxide (GO) is reported using an advanced active-screen plasma (ASP) technique. With a noble metal plate added as an extra lid of active screen cage, the corresponding noble metal, mainly or fully in pure metal state, depending on the noble metal type, as well as a minority of Fe and Cr, is deposited on GO with simultaneous reduction and nitrogen doping. The ASP treated GO exhibits varying levels of improvement in electrical property depending on the type of noble metal nanoparticles hybridized with. Specifically, ASP treated GO incorporated with Pt or Au revealed 2-4 orders of magnitude of improvement in electrical property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Jing
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Weiling Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Beijing, 100072, People's Republic of China
| | - Helong Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Beijing, 100072, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojun Qi
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao Tao
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Yulin Qiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Mechanical Product Remanufacturing, Beijing 100072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Foshan University, Foshan Guangdong 528231, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Hanshan Dong
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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5
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He J, Wen X, Wu L, Chen H, Hu J, Hou X. Dielectric barrier discharge plasma for nanomaterials: Fabrication, modification and analytical applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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6
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Jiang B, Wang S, Meng F, Ju L, Jiang W, Ji Q, Quan HD. Enhancing ORR Activity of Fullerene-Derived Carbons by Implanting Fe in Assembled Diamine-C60 Spheres. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00737a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fullerene-derived carbons have been demonstrated as effective electrode materials for electrocatalytic reactions. The rational arrangement of heteroatoms in the carbon structure is essential to yield high catalytic activity. Herein, assembled...
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7
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Bharathkumar S, Sakar M, Archana J, Navaneethan M, Balakumar S. Interfacial engineering in 3D/2D and 1D/2D bismuth ferrite (BiFeO 3)/Graphene oxide nanocomposites for the enhanced photocatalytic activities under sunlight. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131280. [PMID: 34217926 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
3D-particulate and 1D-fiber structures of multiferroic bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3/BFO) and their composites with 2D-graphene oxide (GO) have been developed to exploit the different scheme of interfacial engineering as 3D/2D and 1D/2D systems. Particulates and fibers of BFO were developed via sol-gel and electrospinning fabrication approaches respectively and their integration with GO was performed via the ultrasonic-assisted chemical reduction process. The crystalline and phase formation of BiFeO3 and GO was confirmed from the XRD patterns obtained. The electron microscopic images revealed the characteristic integration of 3D particulates (with average size of 100 nm) and 1D fibers (with diameter of ~150 nm and few μm length) onto the 2D GO layers (thickness of ~27 nm). XPS analysis revealed that the BFO nanostructures have been integrated onto the GO through chemisorptions process, where it indicated that the ultrasonic process engineers the interface through the chemical modification of the surface of these 3D/2D and 1D/2D nanostructures. The photophysical studies such as the impedance and photocurrent measurements showed that the charge separation and recombination resistance is significantly enhanced in the system, which can directly be attributed to the effective interfacial engineering in the developed hetero-morphological composites. The degradation studies against a model pollutant Rhodamine B revealed that the developed nanocomposites exhibit superior photocatalytic activity via the effective generation of OH radicals as confirmed by the radical analysis studies (100% degradation in 150 and 90 min for 15% GO/BFO particulate and fiber composites, respectively). The developed system also demonstrated excellent photocatalytic recyclability, indicated their enhanced stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bharathkumar
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India; Functional Materials and Energy Device Laboratory, Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM IST, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, 603203, India
| | - M Sakar
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India; Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore, 562112, Karnataka, India
| | - J Archana
- Functional Materials and Energy Device Laboratory, Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM IST, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, 603203, India.
| | - M Navaneethan
- Functional Materials and Energy Device Laboratory, Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM IST, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, 603203, India
| | - S Balakumar
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India.
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8
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Li K, Wang C, Li H, Wen Y, Wang F, Xue Q, Huang Z, Fu C. Heterostructural Interface in Fe 3C-TiN Quantum Dots Boosts Oxygen Reduction Reaction for Al-Air Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:47440-47448. [PMID: 34591442 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen reduction electrocatalysts play important roles in metal-air batteries. Herein, Fe3C-TiN heterostructural quantum dots loaded on carbon nanotubes (FCTN@CNTs) are prepared as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) through a one-pot pyrolysis. The Fe3C-TiN quantum dots with a diameter of 2-5 nm show the unique characteristic of heterostructural interface. The as-prepared FCTN@CNTs display Pt/C comparable ORR performance (Eonset 1.06 and E1/2 0.95 V) in alkaline medium, which is ascribed to the heterostructural interface between TiN and Fe3C. Furthermore, the Al-air batteries with the FCTN@CNT catalyst display superior discharge performance, demonstrating good feasibility for practical application. This work provides an effective new method to synthesize affordable and efficient oxygen reduction reaction catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chuqing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Huanxin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yongliang Wen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qingyue Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhongyuan Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Chaopeng Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Zhao H, Chen L, Xu Y, Wang H, Li JY, Xie Y, Wang L. A nitrogen and sulfur co-doped iron-based electrocatalyst derived from iron and biomass ligand towards the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13943-13950. [PMID: 34528974 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01873f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Research on highly efficient nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon materials is crucial for the development of Fe-based non-noble metal electrocatalysts (NNMEs) as alternatives to platinum-group metal-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. In this work, complexes were derived from iron salt and biomass ligands, subsequently mixed with active carbon nanoparticles (NPs) and pyrolyzed at 800 °C to obtain the resulting electrocatalysts Fe/NSC (800) and Fe/NC (800). Through screening the synthetic parameters, it was found that the N and S co-decorated Fe-based electrocatalyst of Fe/NSC (800) displays better ORR performances in terms of the onset potential (Eonset) and the half-wave potential (E1/2) than those of the Fe-free electrocatalyst of NSC (800) and the N-doped electrocatalyst of Fe/NC (800). The improved ORR activity can be mainly ascribed to the FeN4 active sites, as well as the additional S-doping within the carbon matrixes. Additionally, Fe/NSC (800) displays good durability superior to that of 20 wt% Pt/C in 0.1 M KOH solution. This synthetic approach is beneficial for the synthesis of NNMEs with biomass ligands for boosting the ORR performances in an alkaline solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plasma Technology, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, Liaoning, P. R. China.
| | - Li Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Yinghao Xu
- Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - He Wang
- Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plasma Technology, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, Liaoning, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Xie
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Li Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plasma Technology, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, Liaoning, P. R. China.
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Zhang Y, Liu N, Yang Y, Li J, Wang S, Lv J, Tang R. Novel carbothermal synthesis of Fe, N co-doped oak wood biochar (Fe/N-OB) for fast and effective Cr(VI) removal. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Tachikawa H. Intramolecular Reactions in Ionized Ammonia Clusters: A Direct Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1903-1910. [PMID: 32049527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia cluster cations are a chemical species that has recently attracted considerable research attention as an ion-molecule reaction species in the planetary atmosphere, surface reaction species in materials chemistry, and super-alkali species. Reactions of the radical cation of an ammonia cluster, [(NH3)n]+ (n = 2-6), following the ionization of the parent neutral cluster, were investigated using direct ab initio molecular dynamics to elucidate the reactions of the ammonia cluster cation under astrochemical conditions. The calculations showed that two competing reaction channels-proton transfer (PT) channel and complex formation channel-operate after the ionization of neutral clusters. In the PT channel, a proton of NH3+ was transferred to a neighboring ammonia molecule. The PT channel was found in all clusters (n = 2-6). Reaction via the PT channel became faster with increasing cluster size and saturated around n = 5-6. In the complex formation channel, a face-to-face complex having a H3N-NH3+ structure (with a N-N bond) was formed. This channel was found only in larger clusters (n = 5-6). Time scales of PT and complex formation channels were calculated to be 20-30 and 40-50 fs, respectively. The reaction mechanism was discussed based on the results of theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Tachikawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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12
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Gu L, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Wang B, Yuan Q, Du H, Zhao J. Insights into the role of an Fe–N active site in the oxygen reduction reaction on carbon-supported supramolecular catalysts. RSC Adv 2020; 10:8709-8716. [PMID: 35496513 PMCID: PMC9050072 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09301j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a nitrogen-containing ligand supramolecule named PPYTZ was successfully synthesized using 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid chloride and 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole in order to carry out oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Such a polymer provides abundant coordination sites for iron ions, and the PPYTZ–Fe/C composite catalyst was formed with the PPYTZ–Fe complex loading on the surface of Vulcan XC-72 carbon. The physical characteristics and ORR performance of the composite catalysts were characterized systematically via various relevant techniques, and their catalytic activity and reaction mechanism were evaluated and compared. The results showed that the catalytic activities and the reaction mechanism of ORR were highly dependent on the formation of an Fe–N unit. Accordingly, the PPYTZ–Fe/C catalyst containing Fe–N active sites exhibited high ORR catalytic activity (an onset potential of +0.86 V vs. RHE) in 0.1 M KOH. Such an Fe–N catalyst can accelerate the adsorption of O2 and increase the limiting current density (from 2.49 mA cm−2 to 4.98 mA cm−2), optimizing the ORR catalytic process from a two-electron process to a four-electron process (an n value of 3.8). The PPYTZ–Fe/C catalyst containing Fe–N active sites exhibited high ORR catalytic activity and stability in alkaline media with a four-electron pathway progress.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Yunyun Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Qing Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Du
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
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