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Kang N, Hu H. Adaptive evidence of mitochondrial genes in Pteromalidae and Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294687. [PMID: 37988339 PMCID: PMC10662703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pteromalidae and Eulophidae are predominant and abundant taxa within Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera: Apocrita). These taxa are found in diverse ecosystems, ranging from basin deserts (200 m) to alpine grasslands (4500 m). Mitochondria, cellular powerhouses responsible for energy production via oxidative phosphorylation, are sensitive to various environmental factors such as extreme cold, hypoxia, and intense ultraviolet radiation characteristic of alpine regions. Whether the molecular evolution of mitochondrial genes in these parasitoids corresponds to changes in the energy requirements and alpine environmental adaptations remains unknown. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of mitochondrial protein-coding genes from 11 alpine species of Pteromalidae and Eulophidae, along with 18 lowland relatives, including 16 newly sequenced species. We further examined the codon usage preferences (RSCU, ENC-GC3s, neutrality, and PR2 bias plot) in these mitochondrial protein-coding sequences and conducted positive selection analysis based on their Bayesian phylogenetic relationships, and identified positive selection sites in the ATP6, ATP8, COX1, COX3, and CYTB genes, emphasizing the crucial role of mitochondrial gene adaptive evolution in the adaptation of Pteromalidae and Eulophidae to alpine environments. The phylogenetically independent contrast (PIC) analysis results verified the ω ratio of 13 PCGs from Pteromalidae and Eulophidae increased with elevation, and results from generalized linear model confirm that ATP6, ATP8, COX3, and ND1 are closely correlated with temperature-related environmental factors. This research not only enriched the molecular data of endemic alpine species but also underscores the significance of mitochondrial genes in facilitating the adaptation of these minor parasitoids to plateau habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Kang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang, P.R.China
| | - Hongying Hu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang, P.R.China
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2
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Menail HA, Cormier SB, Léger A, Robichaud S, Hebert-Chatelain E, Lamarre SG, Pichaud N. Age-related flexibility of energetic metabolism in the honey bee Apis mellifera. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23222. [PMID: 37781970 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300654r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms that underpin aging are still elusive. In this study, we suggest that the ability of mitochondria to oxidize different substrates, which is known as metabolic flexibility, is involved in this process. To verify our hypothesis, we used honey bees (Apis mellifera carnica) at different ages, to assess mitochondrial oxygen consumption and enzymatic activities of key enzymes of the energetic metabolism as well as ATP5A1 content (subunit of ATP synthase) and adenylic energy charge (AEC). We also measured mRNA abundance of genes involved in mitochondrial functions and the antioxidant system. Our results demonstrated that mitochondrial respiration increased with age and favored respiration through complexes I and II of the electron transport system (ETS) while glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) oxidation was relatively decreased. In addition, glycolytic, tricarboxylic acid cycle and ETS enzymatic activities increased, which was associated with higher ATP5A1 content and AEC. Furthermore, we detected an early decrease in the mRNA abundance of subunits of NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B2 (NDUFB2, complex I), mitochondrial cytochrome b (CYTB, complex III) of the ETS as well as superoxide dismutase 1 and a later decrease for vitellogenin, catalase and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1, complex IV). Thus, our study suggests that the energetic metabolism is optimized with aging in honey bees, mainly through quantitative and qualitative mitochondrial changes, rather than showing signs of senescence. Moreover, aging modulated metabolic flexibility, which might reflect an underpinning mechanism that explains lifespan disparities between the different castes of worker bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem A Menail
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Simon B Cormier
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Adèle Léger
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Samuel Robichaud
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Etienne Hebert-Chatelain
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Simon G Lamarre
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
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3
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Tang Q, Li W, Wang Z, Dong Z, Li X, Li J, Huang Q, Cao Z, Gong W, Zhao Y, Wang M, Guo J. Gut microbiome helps honeybee (Apis mellifera) resist the stress of toxic nectar plant (Bidens pilosa) exposure: Evidence for survival and immunity. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:2020-2031. [PMID: 37291689 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Honeybee (Apis mellifera) ingestion of toxic nectar plants can threaten their health and survival. However, little is known about how to help honeybees mitigate the effects of toxic nectar plant poisoning. We exposed honeybees to different concentrations of Bidens pilosa flower extracts and found that B. pilosa exposure significantly reduced honeybee survival in a dose-dependent manner. By measuring changes in detoxification and antioxidant enzymes and the gut microbiome, we found that superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase and carboxylesterase activities were significantly activated with increasing concentrations of B. pilosa and that different concentrations of B. pilosa exposure changed the structure of the honeybee gut microbiome, causing a significant reduction in the abundance of Bartonella (p < 0.001) and an increase in Lactobacillus. Importantly, by using Germ-Free bees, we found that colonization by the gut microbes Bartonella apis and Apilactobacillus kunkeei (original classification as Lactobacillus kunkeei) significantly increased the resistance of honeybees to B. pilosa and significantly upregulated bee-associated immune genes. These results suggest that honeybee detoxification systems possess a level of resistance to the toxic nectar plant B. pilosa and that the gut microbes B. apis and A. kunkeei may augment resistance to B. pilosa stress by improving host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihe Tang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wanli Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhengwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jinghong, China
| | - Zhixiang Dong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xijie Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture, Kunming, China
| | - Yazhou Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minzeng Wang
- Beijing Xishan Experimental Forest Farm, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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Wilmsen SM, Dzialowski E. Substrate use and temperature effects in flight muscle mitochondria from an endothermic insect, the hawkmoth Manduca sexta. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 281:111439. [PMID: 37119960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Manduca sexta are endothermic insects, requiring adult thorax temperatures to be elevated above 35 °C for flight muscles to produce the wing beat frequencies necessary for flight. During flight, these animals rely on aerobic production of ATP by flight muscle mitochondria with several potential metabolic pathways providing the fuel. Along with typical carbohydrate substrates, mitochondria of other endothermic insects including bumblebees and wasps can use the amino acid proline or glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P) as metabolic fuel for prewarm up and flight. Here we examine flight muscle mitochondria physiology and the role of temperature and substrates in oxidative phosphorylation from 3-day old adult Manduca sexta. Mitochondria oxygen flux from flight muscle fibers were temperature sensitive with Q10 values ranging from 1.99 to 2.90, with a large increase in LEAK respiration with increased temperature. Mitochondria oxygen flux was stimulated by carbohydrate-based substrates, with flux through Complex I substrates providing the greatest oxygen flux. Neither proline nor G3P produced an increase in oxygen flux of the flight muscle mitochondria. Unlike other endothermic insects, Manduca are unable to supplement carbohydrate oxidation with either proline or G3P entering through Coenzyme Q and rely on substrates entering at complex I and II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Wilmsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203, United States of America.
| | - Edward Dzialowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203, United States of America
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Ludoški J, Francuski L, Gojković N, Matić B, Milankov V. Sexual size and shape dimorphism, and allometric scaling in the pupal and adult traits of Eristalis tenax. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9907. [PMID: 36937060 PMCID: PMC10015363 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The patterns and amount of variation in size, shape, and/or life history traits between females and males are fundamentally important to gain the comprehensive understanding of the evolution of phenotypic diversity. In addition, the covariation of phenotypic traits can significantly contribute to morphological diversification and sexual dimorphism (SD). Using linear and geometric morphometrics, 237 Eristalis tenax specimens sampled from five populations were, therefore, comparatively assessed for the variation in sexual size dimorphism (SSD), sexual shape dimorphism (SShD), and life history traits, as well as for trait covariation (ontogenetic and static allometry). Pupal body, adult wing, and body mass traits were analyzed. Female-biased SSD was observed for pupal length, width, and centroid size, adult wing centroid size, mass, wing loading, and wing area. Conversely, pupal length/width ratio, developmental time, and mass were not found to be sexually dimorphic. Next, wing SShD, but not pupal body SShD was revealed, while allometry was found to be an important "determinant of SD" at the adult stage, with only a minor impact at the pupal stage. By comparing the patterns of covariance (based on allometric slope and intercept) between respective body mass and morphometric traits of pupae and adults, greater variation in allometric slopes was found in adult traits, while static allometries of the two stages significantly differed, as well. Finally, the results indicate that changes in the allometric intercept could be an important source of intraspecific variation and SD in drone fly adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Ludoški
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
| | - Ljubinka Francuski
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
- Protix BVDongenThe Netherlands
| | - Nemanja Gojković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
| | - Bojana Matić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
| | - Vesna Milankov
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
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Wegener J, Krause S, Parafianczuk V, Chaniotakis I, Schiller J, Dannenberger D, Engel KM. Lipidomic specializations of honeybee (Apis mellifera) castes and ethotypes. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 142:104439. [PMID: 36063873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Honeybees of the same colony combine a near-homogeneous genetic background with a high level of phenotypic plasticity, making them ideal models for functional lipidomics. The only external lipid source of the colony is pollen, a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). It has been suggested that differences in exposure to pollen-derived PUFA could partly explain differences in longevity between honeybee castes. We here investigated whether the membrane composition of honeybees plays roles in the physiological adaptation to tasks of individuals within the colony. Membranes of cell heaters, a group of workers producing heat from their flight muscles to uphold brood nest temperature, were compared to those of different types of non-heaters. We found that the lipidomic profiles of these groups fall into clearly different "lipotypes", characterized by chain length and saturation of phospholipid-bound fatty acyl residues. The nutritional exposure to PUFA during early adult life and pupal development at the lower edge of the natural range of brood nest temperature both suppressed the expression of the cell heater-"lipotype". Because cardiolipins (CL) are the lipid class most clearly differentiating honeybee phenotypes, and CL plays central roles in mitochondrial function, dysfunction and aging, our findings could help to understand these processes in other animals and humans. Taken together, the lipidome analysis of different life stages of workers, fertile queens, and drones lead to the hypothesis that honeybee "lipotypes" might represent adaptations to different energetic profiles and the likelihood of exposure to low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Wegener
- Institute for Bee Research, Friedrich-Engels-Strasse 32, 16540 Hohen Neuendorf, Germany.
| | - Sophie Krause
- Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 1 - 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria Parafianczuk
- University of Leipzig, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Haertelstrasse 16 - 18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ioannis Chaniotakis
- Institute for Bee Research, Friedrich-Engels-Strasse 32, 16540 Hohen Neuendorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- University of Leipzig, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Haertelstrasse 16 - 18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Dirk Dannenberger
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Kathrin M Engel
- University of Leipzig, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Haertelstrasse 16 - 18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.
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7
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Menail HA, Cormier SB, Ben Youssef M, Jørgensen LB, Vickruck JL, Morin P, Boudreau LH, Pichaud N. Flexible Thermal Sensitivity of Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption and Substrate Oxidation in Flying Insect Species. Front Physiol 2022; 13:897174. [PMID: 35547573 PMCID: PMC9081799 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.897174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have been suggested to be paramount for temperature adaptation in insects. Considering the large range of environments colonized by this taxon, we hypothesized that species surviving large temperature changes would be those with the most flexible mitochondria. We thus investigated the responses of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to temperature in three flying insects: the honeybee (Apis mellifera carnica), the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). Specifically, we measured oxygen consumption in permeabilized flight muscles of these species at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 45°C, sequentially using complex I substrates, proline, succinate, and glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P). Complex I respiration rates (CI-OXPHOS) were very sensitive to temperature in honeybees and fruit flies with high oxygen consumption at mid-range temperatures but a sharp decline at high temperatures. Proline oxidation triggers a major increase in respiration only in potato beetles, following the same pattern as CI-OXPHOS for honeybees and fruit flies. Moreover, both succinate and G3P oxidation allowed an important increase in respiration at high temperatures in honeybees and fruit flies (and to a lesser extent in potato beetles). However, when reaching 45°C, this G3P-induced respiration rate dropped dramatically in fruit flies. These results demonstrate that mitochondrial functions are more resilient to high temperatures in honeybees compared to fruit flies. They also indicate an important but species-specific mitochondrial flexibility for substrate oxidation to sustain high oxygen consumption levels at high temperatures and suggest previously unknown adaptive mechanisms of flying insects’ mitochondria to temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem A Menail
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Simon B Cormier
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Mariem Ben Youssef
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | | | - Jess L Vickruck
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Pier Morin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Luc H Boudreau
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
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Moškrič A, Marinč A, Ferk P, Leskošek B, Mosbech MB, Bunikis I, Pettersson OV, Soler L, Prešern J. The Carniolan Honeybee from Slovenia—A Complete and Annotated Mitochondrial Genome with Comparisons to Closely Related Apis mellifera Subspecies. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13050403. [PMID: 35621738 PMCID: PMC9146700 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The western honeybee, Apis mellifera, is a globally distributed bee species with many recognised subspecies, one of which is Apis mellifera carnica, the Carniolan honeybee. Apis m. carnica is native to southern Central Europe and parts of the Balkans, with the locus classicus in Slovenia. It is also widely popular with beekeepers in parts of Central and Northern Europe and other parts of the world, including the USA, Canada, and even New Zealand. In Slovenia, A. m. carnica is protected, with measures to conserve the subspecies’ autochthonous domestic population in place. Such efforts depend heavily upon genomic and phylogenetic information. In this study, we sequenced and annotated the mitochondrial genome of a specimen from Slovenia and compared the obtained data with a previously published sample of the A. m. carnica from Austria and the closely related Italian honeybee A. m. ligustica. We found several features unique to the new mitochondrial genome. We also phylogenetically analyzed the relationship between our sequence and the selected available A. mellifera mitochondrial sequences. The acquired position of the sequenced A. m. carnica from Slovenia on the phylogenetic tree brings new evidence for close relationships among C and O lineages and reflects their recent historical matrilinear ancestry. Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of the Carniolan honeybee (Apis mellifera carnica) from Slovenia, a homeland of this subspecies, was acquired in two contigs from WGS data and annotated. The newly obtained mitochondrial genome is a circular closed loop of 16,447 bp. It comprises 37 genes (13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes) and an AT-rich control region. The order of the tRNA genes resembles the order characteristic of A. mellifera. The mitogenomic sequence of A. m. carnica from Slovenia contains 44 uniquely coded sites in comparison to the closely related subspecies A. m. ligustica and to A. m. carnica from Austria. Furthermore, 24 differences were recognised in comparison between A. m. carnica and A. m. ligustica subspecies. Among them, there are three SNPs that affect translation in the nd2, nd4, and cox2 genes, respectively. The phylogenetic placement of A. m. carnica from Slovenia within C lineage deviates from the expected position and changes the perspective on relationship between C and O lineages. The results of this study represent a valuable addition to the information available in the phylogenomic studies of A. mellifera—a pollinator species of worldwide importance. Such genomic information is essential for this local subspecies’ conservation and preservation as well as its breeding and selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajda Moškrič
- Animal Production Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.M.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andraž Marinč
- Animal Production Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Polonca Ferk
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Biostatistics and Medical Informatics/Centre ELIXIR-SI, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.F.); (B.L.)
| | - Brane Leskošek
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Biostatistics and Medical Informatics/Centre ELIXIR-SI, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.F.); (B.L.)
| | - Mai-Britt Mosbech
- Uppsala Genome Center, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 815, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.-B.M.); (I.B.); (O.V.P.)
| | - Ignas Bunikis
- Uppsala Genome Center, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 815, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.-B.M.); (I.B.); (O.V.P.)
| | - Olga Vinnere Pettersson
- Uppsala Genome Center, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 815, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.-B.M.); (I.B.); (O.V.P.)
| | - Lucile Soler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM), Uppsala University, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Science for Life Laboratory, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Janez Prešern
- Animal Production Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.M.); (J.P.)
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Paradoxes of Hymenoptera flight muscles, extreme machines. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:403-412. [PMID: 35340599 PMCID: PMC8921419 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00937-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn the Carboniferous, insects evolved flight. Intense selection drove for high performance and approximately 100 million years later, Hymenoptera (bees, wasps and ants) emerged. Some species had proportionately small wings, with apparently impossible aerodynamic challenges including a need for high frequency flight muscles (FMs), powered exclusively off aerobic pathways and resulting in extreme aerobic capacities. Modern insect FMs are the most refined and form large dense blocks that occupy 90% of the thorax. These can beat wings at 200 to 230 Hz, more than double that achieved by standard neuromuscular systems. To do so, rapid repolarisation was circumvented through evolution of asynchronous stimulation, stretch activation, elastic recoil and a paradoxically slow Ca2+ reuptake. While the latter conserves ATP, considerable ATP is demanded at the myofibrils. FMs have diminished sarcoplasmic volumes, and ATP is produced solely by mitochondria, which pack myocytes to maximal limits and have very dense cristae. Gaseous oxygen is supplied directly to mitochondria. While FMs appear to be optimised for function, several unusual paradoxes remain. FMs lack any significant equivalent to the creatine kinase shuttle, and myofibrils are twice as wide as those of within cardiomyocytes. The mitochondrial electron transport systems also release large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and respiratory complexes do not appear to be present at any exceptional level. Given that the loss of the creatine kinase shuttle and elevated ROS impairs heart function, we question how do FM shuttle adenylates at high rates and tolerate oxidative stress conditions that occur in diseased hearts?
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10
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Sargent C, Ebanks B, Hardy ICW, Davies TGE, Chakrabarti L, Stöger R. Acute Imidacloprid Exposure Alters Mitochondrial Function in Bumblebee Flight Muscle and Brain. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 1:765179. [PMID: 38468884 PMCID: PMC10926543 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2021.765179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are intracellular organelles responsible for cellular respiration with one of their major roles in the production of energy in the form of ATP. Activities with increased energetic demand are especially dependent on efficient ATP production, hence sufficient mitochondrial function is fundamental. In bees, flight muscle and the brain have particularly high densities of mitochondria to facilitate the substantial ATP production required for flight activity and neuronal signalling. Neonicotinoids are systemic synthetic insecticides that are widely utilised against crop herbivores but have been reported to cause, by unknown mechanisms, mitochondrial dysfunction, decreasing cognitive function and flight activity among pollinating bees. Here we explore, using high-resolution respirometry, how the neonicotinoid imidacloprid may affect oxidative phosphorylation in the brain and flight muscle of the buff-tailed bumblebee, Bombus terrestris. We find that acute exposure increases routine oxygen consumption in the flight muscle of worker bees. This provides a candidate explanation for prior reports of early declines in flight activity following acute exposure. We further find that imidacloprid increases the maximum electron transport capacity in the brain, with a trend towards increased overall oxygen consumption. However, intra-individual variability is high, limiting the extent to which apparent effects of imidacloprid on brain mitochondria are shown conclusively. Overall, our results highlight the necessity to examine tissue-specific effects of imidacloprid on respiration and energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Sargent
- School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Brad Ebanks
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Ian C. W. Hardy
- School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T. G. Emyr Davies
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Chakrabarti
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Reinhard Stöger
- School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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Jin H, Abouzaid M, Lin Y, Hull JJ, Ma W. Cloning and RNAi-mediated three lethal genes that can be potentially used for Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) management. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 174:104828. [PMID: 33838721 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has gained attention in recent years as a viable pest control strategy. Here, RNAi assays were performed to screen the potential functionality of genes in Chilo suppressalis, a serious pest of rice, and to determine their potential for developing a highly targeted molecular control approach. Potential homologs of NADH dehydrogenase (ND), glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and male specific lethal 3 (MSL3) were cloned from C. suppressalis, and their spatiotemporal gene expression evaluated. The expression of all three genes was higher in the pupal and adult stages than the larval stages and largely higher in the larval head compared to other tissues. Newly hatched larvae exhibited high mortalities and suppressed growth when fed bacteria producing double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) corresponding to the three target genes. This study provides insights into the function of ND, GPDH and MSL3 during C. suppressalis larval development and suggests that all may be candidate gene targets for C. suppressalis pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Mostafa Abouzaid
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - J Joe Hull
- Pest Management and Biocontrol Research Unit, US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
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Al-Abbasi FA, Kumar V, Anwar F. Biochemical and toxicological effect of diazepam in stress-induced cardiac dysfunctions. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:788-794. [PMID: 32642445 PMCID: PMC7334438 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of diazepam in stress-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats. Alteration of cardiac biomarkers and ionic concentrations by stress. Restoration of altered cardiac biomarkers and ionic concentrations by diazepam. Restoration of architectures of cardiomyocytes by diazepam.
Diazepam is a medicine of the family benzodiazepine, used to treat various CNS disorders. To date, no study is available for biochemical analysis of diazepam in cardiac dysfunction. This study aimed to determine the effect of diazepam in stress-induced cardiac dysfunctions in rats. Male Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups with six animals in each group for 90 days of the experimental protocol. Group1 served as a Normal Control (NC), Groups 2, as a Disease Control (DC), Group 3 as a Diazepam Control (DIC), and Group 4 as a Disease + Diazepam Treatment (DDT). Disease Control and Disease + Diazepam Treatment animals exposed to regular stress by forced swimming exercise method for 3 months. Diazepam Control and Disease + Diazepam Treatment received 5 mg/kg/p.o the daily dose of diazepam. At the end of the protocol, animals were sacrificed, heart preserved, blood collected, and utilized for biochemical estimations. Heart weight was increased in DC as compared to NC. Serum levels of cardiac biomarkers, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatine kinase-MB (CPK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and troponin I (TnI) were significantly increased in DC as compared to NC. Heart tissue examined for histological changes. The altered serum levels of CPK, CPK-MB, LDH, hs-CRP, and TnI were significantly restored by the treatment of diazepam. Serum levels of Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium was increased in DC animals as compared to NC. The altered ionic level was also restored by the treatment of diazepam. Level of various cardiac markers and ions in the plasma were also slightly elevated in DIC. Histopathological studies are also in agreement with serological examinations and bonafide cardioprotective influences of diazepam in cardiac dysfunction. Conclusively research findings endorse the cardioprotective effect of diazepam in stress-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health and Allied Sciences (SIHAS), Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHUATS), Allahabad, India
| | - Firoz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
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Syromyatnikov MY, Gureev AP, Vitkalova IY, Starkov AA, Popov VN. Unique features of flight muscles mitochondria of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 102:e21595. [PMID: 31276240 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Honey bees Apis mellifera L. are one of the most studied insect species due to their economic importance. The interest in studying honey bees chiefly stems from the recent rapid decrease in their world population, which has become a problem of food security. Nevertheless, there are no systemic studies on the properties of the mitochondria of honey bee flight muscles. We conducted a research of the mitochondria of the flight muscles of A. mellifera L. The influence of various organic substrates on mitochondrial respiration in the presence or absence of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was investigated. We demonstrated that pyruvate is the optimal substrate for the coupled respiration. A combination of pyruvate and glutamate is required for the maximal respiration rate. We also show that succinate oxidation does not support the oxidative phosphorylation and the generation of membrane potential. We also studied the production of reactive oxygen species by isolated mitochondria. The greatest production of H2 O2 (as a percentage of the rate of oxygen consumed) in the absence of ADP was observed during the respiration supported by α-glycerophosphate, malate, and a combination of malate with another NAD-linked substrate. We showed that honey bee flight muscle mitochondria are unable to uptake Ca2+ -ions. We also show that bee mitochondria are able to oxidize the respiration substrates effectively at the temperature of 50°С compared to Bombus terrestris mitochondria, which were more adapted to lower temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Y Syromyatnikov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Artem P Gureev
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Inna Y Vitkalova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | | | - Vasily N Popov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
- Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia
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