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Lu S, Huang J, Zhang J, Wu C, Huang Z, Tao X, You L, Stalin A, Chen M, Li J, Tan Y, Wu Z, Geng L, Li Z, Fan Q, Liu P, Lin Y, Zhao C, Wu J. The anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effect of Aidi injection was related to the synergistic action of cantharidin, formononetin, and isofraxidin through BIRC5, FEN1, and EGFR. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117209. [PMID: 37757991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aidi injection (ADI) is a popular anti-tumor Chinese patent medicine, widely used in clinics for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with remarkable therapeutic effects through multiple targets and pathways. However, the scientific evidence of the synergistic role of the complex chemical component system and the potential mechanism for treating diseases are ignored and remain to be elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to elucidate and verify the cooperative association between the potential active ingredient of ADI, which is of significance to enlarge our understanding of its anti-HCC molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, the anti-HCC effect of ADI was evaluated in various HCC cells and the zebrafish xenograft model. Subsequently, a variety of bioinformatic technologies, including network pharmacology, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), meta-analysis of gene expression profiles, and pathway enrichment analysis were performed to construct the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of ADI intervention in HCC and to establish the relationship between the critical targets/pathways and the key corresponding components, which were involved in ADI against HCC in a synergistic way and were validated by molecular biology experiments. RESULTS ADI exerted remarkable anti-HCC in vitro cells and in vivo zebrafish model, especially that the Hep 3B2.1-7 cell showed substantial sensibility to ADI. The ceRNA network revealed that the EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was identified as the promising pathway. Furthermore, the meta-analysis also demonstrated the critical role of BIRC5 and FEN1 as key targets. Finally, the synergistic effect of ADI was revealed by discovering the inhibitory effect of cantharidin on BIRC5, formononetin on FEN1 and EGFR, as well as isofraxidin on EGFR. CONCLUSION Our study unveiled that the incredible protective effect of ADI on HCC resulted from the synergistic inhibition effect of cantharidin, formononetin, and isofraxidin on multiple targets/pathways, including BIRC5, FEN1, and EGFR/PI3K/AKT, respectively, providing a scientific interpretation of ADI against HCC and a typical example of pharmacodynamic evaluation of other proprietary Chinese patent medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Tao
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Leiming You
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Antony Stalin
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
| | - Meilin Chen
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Yingying Tan
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Zhishan Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Libo Geng
- Guizhou Yibai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Guiyang, 550008, Guizhou, China.
| | - Zhiqi Li
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Qiqi Fan
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Pengyun Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Yifan Lin
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Chongjun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Mahmood K, Jampani P, Clarke JM, Wolf S, Wang X, Wahidi MM, Giovacchini CX, Dorry M, Shofer SL, Shier J, Jones G, Antonia SJ, Nixon AB. High Yield of Pleural Cell-Free DNA for Diagnosis of Oncogenic Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Chest 2023:S0012-3692(23)00126-5. [PMID: 36693563 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleural cytology is currently used to assess targetable mutations in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. However, it is fraught with low diagnostic yield. RESEARCH QUESTION Can pleural cell-free DNA (cfDNA) be used to assess targetable mutations in lung adenocarcinoma patients with malignant pleural effusions (MPE)? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Patients with lung adenocarcinoma MPE were recruited prospectively between January 2017 and September 2021. Oncogenic mutations were assessed by treating providers using pleural fluid cytology or lung cancer biopsies. Pleural and plasma cfDNA were used to assess the mutations using next-generation sequencing (NGS). RESULTS Fifty-four pleural fluid samples were collected from 42 patients. The diagnostic yield to detect oncogenic mutations for pleural cfDNA, pleural cytology, biopsy and plasma cfDNA was 49/54 (90.7%), 16/33 (48.5%), 22/25 (88%), and 24/32 (75%), respectively, P < .001. The agreement of mutations in positive samples between pleural cfDNA and pleural cytology was 100%, whereas the agreement of pleural cfDNA with biopsies was 89.4%. The median concentration (Q1-Q3) of pleural cfDNA was higher than plasma: 28,444 (4,957-67,051) vs 2,966.5 (2,167-5,025) copies of amplifiable DNA per mL, P < .01. Median of 5 mL (interquartile range, Q1-Q3, 4.5-5) of pleural fluid supernatant was adequate for cfDNA testing. INTERPRETATION The diagnostic yield of pleural cfDNA NGS for oncogenic mutations in lung adenocarcinoma patients is comparable to tumor biopsies and higher than pleural cytology and plasma cfDNA. The pleural cfDNA can be longitudinally collected, can be readily incorporated in clinical workflow, and may decrease the need for additional biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Mahmood
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Duke University, Durham, NC.
| | - Parvathi Jampani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Jeffrey M Clarke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Steven Wolf
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Momen M Wahidi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Coral X Giovacchini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Michael Dorry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Scott L Shofer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Jessica Shier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | | | - Scott J Antonia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Andrew B Nixon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC
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Qi H, Xiong A, Jiang L, Van H, Xu J, Wu J, Zheng Q, Minervini F, Alonso DP, Yang Y, Wu L. Blood digital polymerase chain reaction as a potential method to detect human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 amplification in non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2022; 10:4235-4249. [PMID: 35004253 PMCID: PMC8674588 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to verify the feasibility of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) amplification detection by digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and explore whether HER2 amplification could be detected in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) by dPCR. Methods A total of 112 fresh biopsy tissues and 88 blood samples from NSCLC patients were collected. The serum ctDNA was obtained from blood samples. The copy number of the HER2 gene was evaluated by dPCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS). The sensitivity/specificity and survival analysis were performed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier (KM) curve and univariate Cox regression analysis was also conducted. Results ROC analysis showed a good prediction result for HER2 amplification in blood samples by dPCR. The survival analysis showed that the median overall survival (OS) in the HER2 negative group detected by blood dPCR was significantly different from the positive group. The results of multivariate Cox regression were the same as those of survival analysis. Conclusions Blood dPCR might be a potential method to detect HER2 amplification in NSCLC. Amplification of the HER2 gene detected by dPCR was correlated with OS in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qi
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anwen Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hardy Van
- Alphamab Oncology Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - June Xu
- Alphamab Oncology Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | | | - Fabrizio Minervini
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Dinora Polanco Alonso
- Group of Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova y Santa Maria, IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Yifu Yang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Olmedillas-López S, Olivera-Salazar R, García-Arranz M, García-Olmo D. Current and Emerging Applications of Droplet Digital PCR in Oncology: An Updated Review. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 26:61-87. [PMID: 34773243 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-021-00562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the era of personalized medicine and targeted therapies for the management of patients with cancer, ultrasensitive detection methods for tumor genotyping, such as next-generation sequencing or droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), play a significant role. In the search for less invasive strategies for diagnosis, prognosis and disease monitoring, the number of publications regarding liquid biopsy approaches using ddPCR has increased substantially in recent years. There is a long list of malignancies in which ddPCR provides a reliable and accurate tool for detection of nucleic acid-based markers derived from cell-free DNA, cell-free RNA, circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles or exosomes when isolated from whole blood, plasma and serum, helping to anticipate tumor relapse or unveil intratumor heterogeneity and clonal evolution in response to treatment. This updated review describes recent developments in ddPCR platforms and provides a general overview about the major applications of liquid biopsy in blood, including its utility for molecular response and minimal residual disease monitoring in hematological malignancies or the therapeutic management of patients with colorectal or lung cancer, particularly for the selection and monitoring of treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Although plasma is the main source of genetic material for tumor genomic profiling, liquid biopsy by ddPCR is being investigated in a wide variety of biologic fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid, urine, stool, ocular fluids, sputum, saliva, bronchoalveolar lavage, pleural effusion, mucin, peritoneal fluid, fine needle aspirate, bile or pancreatic juice. The present review focuses on these "alternative" sources of genetic material and their analysis by ddPCR in different kinds of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Olmedillas-López
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocío Olivera-Salazar
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano García-Arranz
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Damián García-Olmo
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (FJD), 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Wang Q, Zhao N, Zhang J. Gene Mutation Analysis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Using a Multi-Gene Panel in China. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:5139-5148. [PMID: 34511996 PMCID: PMC8421255 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s327409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To detect low-frequency mutation in the 57 genes of small panels that are associated with developing thyroid cancer in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients and provide patients with precise-targeted therapy. Patients and Methods This study included 144 patients diagnosed with PTC who underwent total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection in the central area of the neck between May 2017 and October 2018. We performed ultra-deep sequencing of 57 genes from 144 patients and detected the 57 genes mutations with bioinformatics. Results There were 698 mutations in 45 genes from 138 PTC patients. A high frequency of mutations was detected in the RBM10 gene (44%) and TERT (43%), and some hotspot mutations, such as RBM10:p.E119D and TERT:p.P112fs, were also found. Conclusion Ultra-deep sequencing of small gene panels can find some low-frequency mutation genes, which can provide targeted therapy for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thyroid surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Diving into the Pleural Fluid: Liquid Biopsy for Metastatic Malignant Pleural Effusions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112798. [PMID: 34199799 PMCID: PMC8200094 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Malignant pleural effusion is a common complication arising as the natural progression of many tumors, such as lung cancer. When this occurs, the common protocol consists of analyzing the pleural fluid for the presence of malignant cells. However, on many occasions no malignant cells are found despite a clear suspicion of cancer. Thus, the current diagnostic methodology is imperfect and more precise methods for the identification of malignancy are needed. Nonetheless, these methods are often invasive, which may be counterproductive, especially for patients with poor health condition. These concerns have made clinicians consider alternative non-invasive strategies to diagnose cancer using the generally abundant pleural fluid (e.g., liquid biopsy). Thus, a liquid sample can be analyzed for the presence of cancer footprints, such as circulating malignant cells and tumor nucleic acids. Herein, we review the literature for studies considering pleural fluid as a successful source of liquid biopsy. Abstract Liquid biopsy is emerging as a promising non-invasive diagnostic tool for malignant pleural effusions (MPE) due to the low sensitivity of conventional pleural fluid (PF) cytological examination and the difficulty to obtain tissue biopsies, which are invasive and require procedural skills. Currently, liquid biopsy is increasingly being used for the detection of driver mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from plasma specimens to guide therapeutic interventions. Notably, malignant PF are richer than plasma in tumor-derived products with potential clinical usefulness, such as ctDNA, micro RNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circulating tumor cells (CTC). Tumor-educated cell types, such as platelets and macrophages, have also been added to this diagnostic armamentarium. Herein, we will present an overview of the role of the preceding biomarkers, collectively known as liquid biopsy, in PF samples, as well as the main technical approaches used for their detection and quantitation, including a proper sample processing. Technical limitations of current platforms and future perspectives in the field will also be addressed. Using PF as liquid biopsy shows promise for use in current practice to facilitate the diagnosis and management of metastatic MPE.
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Dealing with NSCLC EGFR mutation testing and treatment: A comprehensive review with an Italian real-world perspective. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 160:103300. [PMID: 33744362 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, relevant efforts have been made to optimize the detection approaches to EGFR mutations as well as the clinical management of EGFR-mutated NSCLC. The recent shift from single gene testing to novel comprehensive detection platforms along with the development of new generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors, targeting both common and uncommon EGFR-mutations, is leading to a progressive increase in the number of patients who may benefit from targeted approaches, with subsequent impact on their long-term survival and quality of life. However, a prompt and adequate implementation of the most recent diagnostic and treatment advances in the routine practice often remains critical to be specifically addressed. In this review we provide a complete and updated overview of the different detection platforms and therapeutic options currently available for the clinical management of advanced EGFR-positive NSCLC, summarizing scientific evidence and describing molecular testing as well as treatment practice in the real-word scenario.
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Liskova A, Samec M, Koklesova L, Giordano FA, Kubatka P, Golubnitschaja O. Liquid Biopsy is Instrumental for 3PM Dimensional Solutions in Cancer Management. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2749. [PMID: 32854390 PMCID: PMC7563444 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One in every four deaths is due to cancer in Europe. In view of its increasing incidence, cancer became the leading cause of death and disease burden in Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and the UK. Without essential improvements in cancer prevention, an additional 775,000 cases of annual incidence have been prognosed until 2040. Between 1995 and 2018, the direct costs of cancer doubled from EUR 52 billion to EUR 103 billion in Europe, and per capita health spending on cancer increased by 86% from EUR 105 to EUR 195 in general, whereby Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Benelux, and France spend the most on cancer care compared to other European countries. In view of the consequent severe socio-economic burden on society, the paradigm change from a reactive to a predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach in the overall cancer management is essential. Concepts of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM) demonstrate a great potential to revise the above presented trends and to implement cost-effective healthcare that benefits the patient and society as a whole. At any stage, application of early and predictive diagnostics, targeted prevention, and personalization of medical services are basic pillars making 3PM particularly attractive for the patients as well as ethical and cost-effective healthcare. Optimal 3PM approach requires novel instruments such as well-designed liquid biopsy application. This review article highlights current achievements and details liquid biopsy approaches specifically in cancer management. 3PM-relevant expert recommendations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Plasma-based early screening and monitoring of EGFR mutations in NSCLC patients by a 3-color digital PCR assay. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1437-1444. [PMID: 32782293 PMCID: PMC7592053 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-1024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Noninvasive plasma-based detection of EGFR mutations using digital PCR promises a fast, sensitive and reliable approach to predicting the efficiency of EGFR-TKI. However, the low throughput and high cost of digital PCR restricts its clinical application. Methods We designed a digital PCR assay, which can simultaneously detect 39 mutations of exons 18–21 of the EGFR gene. To assess overall performance, retrospective FFPE tissues from 30 NSCLC patients and plasma from 33 NSCLC patients were collected and analysed. Results The LoD of the EGFR mutations was as low as 0.308 copies/μL, and the linear correlation between the detected and expected values at different concentrations (0.01–10%) was low as well. Compared to ARMS-PCR in FFPE, the accuracy values of the dEGFR39 assay in plasma from 33 patients was 87.88% (29/33, 95% CI 72.67–95.18%). While monitoring the 33 patients, the EGFR mutation load as assessed by dEGFR39 was associated with the objective response to treatment. Thirteen samples from eight patients were identified by dEGFR39 to harbour the T790M mutation over time; of these patients, only nine (69%) were detected using SuperARMS. Conclusion Our results indicate that dEGFR39 assay is reliable, sensitive and cost-efficient. This method is beneficial for profiling EGFR mutations for precision therapy and prognosis after TKI treatment, especially in patients with insufficient tissue biopsy samples.
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Detection of BRAFV600E in Liquid Biopsy from Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer Is Associated with Tumor Aggressiveness and Response to Therapy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082481. [PMID: 32748840 PMCID: PMC7464493 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of rare mutational targets in plasma (liquid biopsy) has emerged as a promising tool for the assessment of patients with cancer. We determined the presence of cell-free DNA containing the BRAFV600E mutations (cfBRAFV600E) in plasma samples from 57 patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) with somatic BRAFV600E mutation-positive primary tumors using microfluidic digital PCR, and co-amplification at lower denaturation temperature (COLD) PCR. Mutant cfBRAFV600E alleles were detected in 24/57 (42.1%) of the examined patients. The presence of cfBRAFV600E was significantly associated with tumor size (p = 0.03), multifocal patterns of growth (p = 0.03), the presence of extrathyroidal gross extension (p = 0.02) and the presence of pulmonary micrometastases (p = 0.04). In patients with low-, intermediate- and high-risk PTCs, cfBRAFV600E was detected in 4/19 (21.0%), 8/22 (36.3%) and 12/16 (75.0%) of cases, respectively. Patients with detectable cfBRAFV600E were characterized by a 4.68 times higher likelihood of non-excellent response to therapy, as compared to patients without detectable cfBRAFV600E (OR (odds ratios), 4.68; 95% CI (confidence intervals)) 1.26–17.32; p = 0.02). In summary, the combination of digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) with COLD-PCR enables the detection of BRAFV600E in the liquid biopsy from patients with PTCs and could prove useful for the identification of patients with PTC at an increased risk for a structurally or biochemically incomplete or indeterminate response to treatment.
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Jin S, Zhou C, Hou X, Fan Z, Zhao J, Ai X, Chu Y, Chen R, Guo R, Chen L. A multicenter real-world study of tumor-derived DNA from pleural effusion supernatant in genomic profiling of advanced lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:1507-1515. [PMID: 32953522 PMCID: PMC7481626 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Pleural effusion (PE) is commonly observed in advanced lung cancer. Research has suggested that molecular profiling of PE could be used to detect tumor driver mutations, thus informing clinical decision-making. However, the performance of PE samples in a real-world setting has yet to be examined. Methods A total of 678 metastatic lung cancer patients with pleural effusion were enrolled in this study. Cohort 1 included 22 patients whose PE and matched plasma samples were simultaneously collected as a pilot study. Cohort 2 comprised 656 patients, from whom 734 samples were collected in a real world setting. These samples were subjected to targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 1,021 cancer-related genes. Results PE supernatant was the preferred choice for genetic profiling. While the maximal somatic allele frequency (MSAF) of plasma in patients with M1a stage was significantly lower than that in patients with M1b/c stages (4.4%±9.6% vs. 9.0%±14.1%, P<0.01), the MSAF of PE supernatant was similar between M1a and M1b/c stages. PE supernatant demonstrated higher sensitivity than plasma in detecting actionable mutations in cohort 1 (81.8% vs. 45.5%, P=0.01) as well as in M1a disease (84.7% vs. 42.1%, P<0.01), but not in M1b/c disease, in cohort 2. Known resistant mutations were identified in 72 of the 117 patients who were resistant to first- or second-generation EGFR-TKIs, 22 of the 42 patients who were resistant to osimertinib, and 9 of the 13 patients who were resistant to crizotinib. Remarkably, PE supernatant outperformed plasma in identifying mutations that confer resistance to first- and second-generation EGFR-TKIs (75.4% vs. 29.8%, P<0.001). Conclusions This real-world large cohort study verified that PE supernatant had higher sensitivity than plasma for identifying actionable mutations, including resistance mutations. PE supernatant would be preferred by physicians for assessing tumor genomics in advanced lung cancer when tumor tissue is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidai Jin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengzhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of the Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaiwen Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghao Ai
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Renhua Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Likun Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Establishment and validation of a novel droplet digital PCR assay for ultrasensitive detection and dynamic monitoring of EGFR mutations in peripheral blood samples of non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:88-96. [PMID: 32645388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR)-based blood detection of EGFR mutations plays significant roles in the individualized therapy of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, a standard assay that is approved by health authorities is still lacking. Additionally, the proper application of this method in clinical settings also needs further investigation. METHODS The performance of a newly established ddPCR assay was first evaluated using reference samples and then validated by comparing this method with the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in patients' peripheral blood. Further, the correlation between dynamic quantification of EGFR mutation in the patients and their clinical outcome of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) therapy was investigated. RESULTS A total of 77 patients were included, with 50 in the test group and 27 in the validation group. According to the results of the reference samples and the blood samples in the test group, the cut-off value for patient detection was proposed as mutation rate ≥ 0.1% (total copy number of cfDNA ≥ 1000) or at least one copy of mutation DNA was detected (total copy number of cfDNA < 1000). With this criterion, superior sensitivity of our assay to that of ARMS was observed (P = 0.002 for Ex19Del & L858R and P < 0.001 for T790M). The dynamic quantification of EGFR mutations during TKI therapy indicated that an increase in mutation abundance was correlated with resistance, while a decline was associated with response. Notably, a rebound in mutation abundance during chemotherapy may indicate a desirable chance for TKI re-treatment. CONCLUSION The novel ddPCR assay showed superior sensitivity in the detection of EGFR mutation in blood. The dynamic quantification of EGFR mutations by this assay would greatly facilitate the administration of TKI therapy, including the monitoring of resistance and response, as well as cohort screening for retreatment.
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13
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Yousefi M, Ghaffari P, Nosrati R, Dehghani S, Salmaninejad A, Abarghan YJ, Ghaffari SH. Prognostic and therapeutic significance of circulating tumor cells in patients with lung cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 43:31-49. [PMID: 31828552 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and the main cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. In spite of various efforts that have been made to facilitate the early diagnosis of lung cancer, most patients are diagnosed when the disease is already in stage IV, which is generally associated with the occurrence of distant metastases and a poor survival. Moreover, a large proportion of these patients will relapse after treatment, heralding the need for the stratification of lung cancer patients in addition to identifying those who are at a higher risk of relapse and, thus, require alternative and/or additional therapies. Recently, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been considered as valuable markers for the early diagnosis, prognosis and risk stratification of cancer patients, and they have been found to be able to predict the survival of patients with various types of cancer, including lung cancer. Additionally, the characterization of CTCs has recently provided fascinating insights into the heterogeneity of tumors, which may be instrumental for the development of novel targeted therapies. CONCLUSIONS Here we review our current understanding of the significance of CTCs in lung cancer metastasis. We also discuss prominent studies reporting the utility of enumeration and characterization of CTCs in lung cancer patients as prognostic and pharmacodynamic biomarkers for those who are at a higher risk of metastasis and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Yousefi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parisa Ghaffari
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahim Nosrati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sadegh Dehghani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Jafari Abarghan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed H Ghaffari
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Tong L, Ding N, Tong X, Li J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Xu X, Ye M, Li C, Wu X, Bao H, Zhang X, Hong Q, Song Y, Shao YW, Bai C, Zhou J, Hu J. Tumor-derived DNA from pleural effusion supernatant as a promising alternative to tumor tissue in genomic profiling of advanced lung cancer. Theranostics 2019; 9:5532-5541. [PMID: 31534501 PMCID: PMC6735385 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleural effusion (PE) is commonly observed in advanced lung cancer and was suggested to contain both cell-free tumor DNA and tumor cells. Molecular profiling of PE represents a minimally invasive approach of detecting tumor driver mutations for clinical decision making, especially when tumor tissues are not available. The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy and precision of detecting gene alterations in PE samples to address the feasibility in clinical use. Methods: Sixty-three metastatic lung cancer patients with (n=30, cohort 1) or without (n=33, cohort 2) matched tumor tissues were enrolled in this study. PE and plasma samples of each patient were collected simultaneously. Supernatant and cell precipitate of PE were processed separately to extract cfDNA (PE-cfDNA) and sediment DNA (sDNA). All samples were subjected to targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 416 cancer-related genes. Results: PE supernatants contain more abundant tumor DNA than PE sediments and plasma samples, suggested by higher mutant allele frequencies (MAF) and elevated mutation detection rate in PE-cfDNA (98.4% vs. 90.5% in PE sDNA vs. 87% in plasma cfDNA). In Cohort 1 with matched tumor tissue, tumor mutational burden (TMB) of PE-cfDNA was similar as tumor tissues (6.4 vs. 5.6), but significantly higher than PE sDNA (median TMB: 3.3) and plasma cfDNA (median TMB: 3.4). Ninety-three percent (27 out of 29) of tissue-determined driver mutations were detected in PE-cfDNA, including alterations in ALK, BRAF, EGFR, ERBB2, KRAS, NF1, PIK3CA, and RET, while only 62% were captured in plasma cfDNA. PE-cfDNA also has the highest detection rate of EGFR driver mutations in the full cohort (71% vs. 68% in PE sDNA vs. 59% in plasma cfDNA). Mutation detection from cytological negative and hemorrhagic PE is challenging. Comparatively, PE-cfDNA demonstrated absolute superiority than PE sDNA in such a scenario, suggesting that it is an independent source of tumor DNA and therefore less influenced by the abundance of tumor cells. Conclusion: Genomic profiling of PE-cfDNA offers an alternative, and potentially more meticulous approach in assessing tumor genomics in advanced lung cancer when tumor tissue is not available. Our data further demonstrate that in hemorrhagic or cytologically negative PE samples, PE-cfDNA has higher mutation detection sensitivity than sDNA and plasma cfDNA, and therefore is a more reliable source for genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jiamin Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaobo Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Maosong Ye
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Hairong Bao
- Medical Department, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210032, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qunying Hong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yang W. Shao
- Medical Department, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210032, China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Chunxue Bai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
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15
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Somasundaram DB, Aravindan S, Yu Z, Jayaraman M, Tran NTB, Li S, Herman TS, Aravindan N. Droplet digital PCR as an alternative to FISH for MYCN amplification detection in human neuroblastoma FFPE samples. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:106. [PMID: 30691436 PMCID: PMC6348625 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MYCN amplification directly correlates with the clinical course of neuroblastoma and poor patient survival, and serves as the most critical negative prognostic marker. Although fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) remains the gold standard for clinical diagnosis of MYCN status in neuroblastoma, its limitations warrant the identification of rapid, reliable, less technically challenging, and inexpensive alternate approaches. Methods In the present study, we examined the concordance of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR, in combination with immunohistochemistry, IHC) with FISH for MYCN detection in a panel of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human neuroblastoma samples. Results In 112 neuroblastoma cases, ddPCR analysis demonstrated a 96–100% concordance with FISH. Consistently, IHC grading revealed 92–100% concordance with FISH. Comparing ddPCR with IHC, we observed a concordance of 95–98%. Conclusions The results demonstrate that MYCN amplification status in NB cases can be assessed with ddPCR, and suggest that ddPCR could be a technically less challenging method of detecting MYCN status in FFPE specimens. More importantly, these findings illustrate the concordance between FISH and ddPCR in the detection of MYCN status. Together, the results suggest that rapid, less technically demanding, and inexpensive ddPCR in conjunction with IHC could serve as an alternate approach to detect MYCN status in NB cases, with near-identical sensitivity to that of FISH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Babu Somasundaram
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | | | - Zhongxin Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, BMSB 451, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Muralidharan Jayaraman
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, BMSB 553, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Ngoc T B Tran
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, BMSB 451, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 Children's Ave. Ste 14000, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Terence S Herman
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Natarajan Aravindan
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, BMSB 451, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 920 SL Young Blvd #1140, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104-5036, USA.
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16
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Ma HP, Kong WX, Li XY, Li W, Zhang Y, Wu Y. miRNA-223 is an anticancer gene in human non-small cell lung cancer through the PI3K/AKT pathway by targeting EGFR. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:1549-1559. [PMID: 30747217 PMCID: PMC6365711 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.6983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to further explore the molecular mechanisms of miRNA-223 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Data prospectively collected from NSCLC patients and volunteers from March 2016 to May 2016 at Tsinghua Changgung Hospital were analyzed. Cell proliferation was measured using MTT assay, while cell apoptosis and caspase-3/9 activity were measured using flow cytometry and caspase-3/9 activity kit. Bax, EGFR, PI3K and p-Akt protein were also investigated using western blotting. The results revealed that the serum levels of miRNA-223 in NSCLC patients were downregulated. In an in vitro model, overexpression of miRNA-223 induced apoptosis while reducing cell proliferation. In contrast, downregulation of the expression of miRNA-223 inhibited apoptosis whereas it increased cell proliferation. Meanwhile, overexpression of miRNA-223 suppressed the protein expression of EGFR, PI3K and p-Akt in NSCLC cells. An EGFR inhibitor promoted the anticancer effects of miRNA-223 in NSCLC cells through the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway. Meanwhile, a PI3K inhibitor increased the anticancer effects of miRNA-223 in NSCLC cells through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Thus, a new pathway has been identified in the present study, and application of miRNA-223 may induce the apoptosis of NSCLC through the PI3K/AKT pathway by EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ping Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272111, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Xiang Kong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272111, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ying Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272111, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272111, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272111, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272111, P.R. China
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17
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Xi J, Li Q, Luo X, Li J, Guo L, Xue H, Wu G. Epigallocatechin‑3‑gallate protects against secondary osteoporosis in a mouse model via the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4555-4562. [PMID: 30221714 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin‑3‑gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenolic compound extracted and isolated from green tea, which has a variety of important biological activities in vitro and in vivo, including anti‑tumor, anti‑oxidation, anti‑inflammation and lowering blood pressure. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of EGCG against secondary osteoporosis in a mouse model via the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) and western blotting were used to analyze runt‑related transcription factor 2 and osterix mRNA expression, and the protein expression of cyclin D1, Wnt and β‑catenin, and suppressed peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ protein expression. The protective effect of EGCG against secondary osteoporosis was examined and its potential mechanism was analyzed. Treatment with EGCG significantly decreased serum calcium, urinary calcium, body weight and body fat, and increased leptin levels in mice with secondary osteoporosis. In addition, EGCG treatment significantly inhibited the structure score of articular cartilage and cancellous bone in proximal tibia metaphysis in mice with secondary osteoporosis. Treatment also significantly decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, runt‑related transcription factor 2 and osterix mRNA expression. EGCG also significantly induced the protein expression of cyclin D1, Wnt and β‑catenin, and suppressed peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ protein expression in mice with secondary osteoporosis. Taken together, these results suggest that EGCG may be a possible new drug in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Xi
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery, The 309th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Qinggui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Luo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery, The 309th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery, The 309th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Guo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery, The 309th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Haibin Xue
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery, The 309th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Guangsen Wu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery, The 309th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
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18
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Graphene oxide enhances the specificity of the polymerase chain reaction by modifying primer-template matching. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16510. [PMID: 29184216 PMCID: PMC5705716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming at improved specificity, nanoparticle assisted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been widely studied and shown to improve PCR. However, the reliability and mechanism of this method are still controversial. Here, we demonstrated that 1 μg/mL of graphene oxide (GO) effectively enhances the specificity of the error-prone multi-round PCR. Mismatched primers were designed as interference to produce nonspecific products when the same amounts of matched and mismatched primers were added into semi-multiplex PCR. It was found that GO can enhance specificity by suppressing the amplification of mismatched primers. We monitored the primer-template-polymerase-GO interactions involved in the PCR using a capillary electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence polarization (CE-LIFP) assay. The results showed that the addition of GO promoted the formation of a matched primer-template complex, but suppressed the formation of a mismatched primer-template complex during PCR, suggesting that interactions between the primers and GO play an essential role. Furthermore, we successfully amplified the FOXL2 gene from PEGFP-N1 vectors using GO to eliminate the nonspecific products in PCR. Taken together, these results suggest that the GO can be used as an efficient additive for improving the conventional PCR system.
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19
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Kahyo T, Iwaizumi M, Yamada H, Tao H, Kurachi K, Sugimura H. Application of digital PCR with chip-in-a-tube format to analyze Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) somatic mosaicism. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 475:91-96. [PMID: 29055690 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decade, digital PCR (dPCR) technology has significantly improved, and its application in clinical diagnostics is rapidly advancing. The Clarity™ dPCR platform, which employs the chip-in-a-tube format to broaden its range of applications, has been used to determine gene copy number. However, detection of mutations in human samples, the most demanding task in clinical practice, has not yet been reported using this platform. METHODS The Clarity™ dPCR platform was used to detect somatic Adenomatous polyposis coli mosaicism c.834+2T>C, which had been identified using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology in a patient with sporadic familial adenomatous polyposis. In addition, we were able to determine the size of the dPCR product. RESULTS The mutation rate in the peripheral blood of the patient calculated using the dPCR platform was 13.2%. This was similar to that determined using NGS (12.7%). In contrast, in healthy donors, the mutation rate was <0.1%. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the dPCR product size was consistent with its theoretical value. CONCLUSION Our results show that the dPCR platform with the chip-in-a-tube format is suitable for the analysis of mosaicism and enables the validation of the dPCR product size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Kahyo
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Moriya Iwaizumi
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yamada
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hong Tao
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Kurachi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sugimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
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