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Yu J, Xue Y. Preparation of transferrin-targeted temozolomide nano-micelles and their anti-glioma effect. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17979. [PMID: 39285923 PMCID: PMC11404485 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to develop brain-targeted temozolomide (TMZ) nanograins using the biodegradable polymer material PEG-PLA as a carrier. The model drug TMZ was encapsulated within the polymer using targeted nanotechnology. Key characteristics such as appearance, particle size, size distribution, drug loading capacity, in vitro release rate, stability, and anti-tumor effects were systematically evaluated through in vitro experiments. Methods Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Malvern size analyzer were employed to observe the morphological and particle size features of the TMZ nanospheres at various time points to assess stability. The effects of TMZ nanograins on glioma cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated using MTT assays and flow cytometry. Results The targeted TMZ nano-micelles were successfully synthesized. After loading and targeted modifications, the particle size increased from 50.7 to 190 nm, indicating successful encapsulation of TMZ. The average particle size of the nano-micelles remained stable around 145 ± 10 nm at 1 day, 15 days, and 30 days post-preparation. The release rate of the nano-micelles was monitored at 2 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h post-dialysis, ultimately reaching 95.8%. Compared to TMZ alone, the TMZ-loaded PEG-PLA nano-micelles exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in glioma cells. This was accompanied by increased mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels following treatment with the TMZ nano-micelles. Conclusions TMZ-loaded nano-micelles demonstrated a gradual release profile and significantly enhanced inhibitory effects on human glioma U251 cells compared to TMZ alone. The findings suggest that TMZ-loaded PEG-PLA nano-micelles may offer a more effective therapeutic approach for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghua Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Orešković D, Madero Pohlen A, Cvitković I, Alen JF, Álvarez-Sala de la Cuadra A, Bazarra Castro GJ, Bušić Ž, Kaštelančić A, Konstantinović I, Rotim A, Lakić M, Ledenko V, Martínez Macho C, Raguž M, Žarak M, Chudy D, Marinović T. Glycemia and Coagulation in Patients with Glioblastomas. World Neurosurg 2024; 189:e999-e1005. [PMID: 39004176 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastomas are among the most malignant tumors which, despite aggressive treatment, currently have an abysmal prognosis. These lesions are known to cause local and systemic perturbations in the coagulation system, leading to neoangiogenesis and a high risk of venous thromboembolism. Indeed, there have been multiple proposals of the coagulation system being a possible target for future treatment of these patients. However, nonselective anticoagulant therapy has proven suboptimal and leads to a significant increase of intracranial hemorrhage. Thus, recognizing factors that lead to hypercoagulation is considered paramount. Hyperglycemia is a well-known prothrombotic factor, a fact that has received little attention in neuro-oncology. We previously hypothesized that patients with brain tumors could be highly susceptible to iatrogenic glycemia dysregulation. Here, we analyzed the connection between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the routine coagulation markers (D-dimers, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT]) in patients with de novo intracranial glioblastomas. METHODS Included in this study were 74 patients who were operated on in 2 hospitals: Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia; University Hospital Center Split, Split, Croatia; and University Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain. RESULTS We found a significant inverse correlation between HbA1c and aPTT (ρ = -0.379; P = 0.0009). We also found a significant inverse correlation between Ki67 immunoreactivity and aPTT (ρ = -0.211; P = 0.0082). No connection was found between HbA1c and D-dimers or prothrombin time. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that patients with hyperglycemia, with a more proliferative glioblastoma, could in fact have their coagulation profile significantly disrupted, primarily through the intrinsic coagulation pathway. Such findings could have great clinical importance. Further research in this area could help to elucidate the vicious connection between glioblastomas and coagulation and to combat this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Orešković
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Ivna Cvitković
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Jose F Alen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Željko Bušić
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center Split, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Ivan Konstantinović
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ante Rotim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center "Sestre Milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia; Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Lakić
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital "Dubrovnik", Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - Vlatko Ledenko
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center Split, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Marina Raguž
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Žarak
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Chudy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tonko Marinović
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia; Medicine of Sports and Exercise, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Zhang Y, Fang Z, Liu Z, Xi K, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Feng F, Geng H, Liu M, Lou J, Chen C, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Xu F, Jiang X, Ni S. Implantable Microneedle-Mediated Eradication of Postoperative Tumor Foci Mitigates Glioblastoma Relapse. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2409857. [PMID: 39205511 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202409857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains incurable despite multimodal treatments after surgical debulking. Almost all patients with GBM relapse within a narrow margin (2-3 cm) of the initial resected lesion due to the unreachable residual cancerous cells. Here, a completely biodegradable microneedle for surgical cavity delivery glioblastoma-associated macrophages (GAMs)-activating immune nano-stimulator that mitigates glioblastoma relapse is reported. The residual tumor lesion-directed biocompatible microneedle releases the nano-stimulator and toll-like receptor 9 agonist in a controlled manner until the microneedles completely degrade over 1 week, efferently induce in situ phonotypic shifting of GAMs from anti- to pro-inflammatory and the tumor recurrence is obviously inhibited. The implantable microneedles offer a significant improvement over conventional transdermal ones, as they are 100% degradable, ensuring safe application within surgical cavities. It is also revealed that the T cells are recruited to the tumor niche as the GAMs initiate anti-tumor response and eradicate residual GBM cells. Taken together, this work provides a potential strategy for immunomodulating the postoperative tumor niche to mitigate tumor relapse in GBM patients, which may have broad applications in other malignancies with surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug Delivery and Advanced Pharmaceutics, NMPA Key laboratory for technology Research and evaluation of drug Products and Key laboratory of chemical Biology, Ministry of education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zezheng Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zejuan Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Kaiyan Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Dawang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Fan Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Humin Geng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Minglu Liu
- Bellastem Biotechnology Limited, High-Tech incubator, Intersection of Liquan Street and Gaoxin Er Road, Gaomi, Shandong, 261500, China
| | - Jingzhao Lou
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug Delivery and Advanced Pharmaceutics, NMPA Key laboratory for technology Research and evaluation of drug Products and Key laboratory of chemical Biology, Ministry of education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug Delivery and Advanced Pharmaceutics, NMPA Key laboratory for technology Research and evaluation of drug Products and Key laboratory of chemical Biology, Ministry of education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Histology and Embryology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zimei Wu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug Delivery and Advanced Pharmaceutics, NMPA Key laboratory for technology Research and evaluation of drug Products and Key laboratory of chemical Biology, Ministry of education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shilei Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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Zhang J, Zhao Q, Du Y, Wang W, Liu C. Pan-cancer analysis identifies venous thromboembolism-related genes F3, PLAT, and C1S as potential prognostic biomarkers for glioblastoma and lower grade glioma. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:34. [PMID: 39179711 PMCID: PMC11343955 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a prevalent complication among patients with cancer, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. However, the relationship between VTE-related genes (VRGs) and their potential impact on prognosis, immune response, and therapeutic targets in various cancer types remains unclear. Based on the coagulation and complement pathways, we identified hub VRGs that play a role in regulating the immune response in cancer. Specifically, coagulation factor III (F3), plasminogen activator (PLAT) and complement C1s (C1S) were identified as genes that exhibit high expression levels, positively correlating with tumor stemness and copy number variations, while inversely correlating with methylation levels, in particular cancer types. Pan-cancer survival analysis revealed detrimental effects of these VRGs in several cancer types, notably in glioblastoma and lower grade glioma (GMBLGG). Further analysis using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated a high accuracy of F3, PLAT and C1S in predicting outcomes in GBMLGG, with area under the curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.78 to 0.9. Validation of the prognostic value of these three genes in GMBLGG was conducted using an independent Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. Additionally, gene-drug association analysis identified ciclosporin, ouabain and 6- mercaptopurine, which all exhibit immunosuppressive properties, as potential therapeutic options for tumor patients exhibiting high F3, PLAT or C1S expression, respectively. In summary, our findings provide a bioinformatics perspective on VRGs in pan-cancer, highlighting the pivotal roles of F3, PLAT and C1S, which could potentially be therapeutically exploited and targeted in several cancers, especially in GBMLGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qian Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Du
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wannan Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.
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Rodgers LT, Villano JL, Hartz AMS, Bauer B. Glioblastoma Standard of Care: Effects on Tumor Evolution and Reverse Translation in Preclinical Models. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2638. [PMID: 39123366 PMCID: PMC11311277 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) presents a significant public health challenge as the deadliest and most common malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite standard-of-care treatment, which includes surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, mortality rates are high, underscoring the critical need for advancing GBM therapy. Over the past two decades, numerous clinical trials have been performed, yet only a small fraction demonstrated a benefit, raising concerns about the predictability of current preclinical models. Traditionally, preclinical studies utilize treatment-naïve tumors, failing to model the clinical scenario where patients undergo standard-of-care treatment prior to recurrence. Recurrent GBM generally exhibits distinct molecular alterations influenced by treatment selection pressures. In this review, we discuss the impact of treatment-surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy-on GBM. We also provide a summary of treatments used in preclinical models, advocating for their integration to enhance the translation of novel strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis T. Rodgers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - John L. Villano
- Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Anika M. S. Hartz
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Björn Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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6
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Li H, Gong Q, Luo K. Biomarker-driven molecular imaging probes in radiotherapy. Theranostics 2024; 14:4127-4146. [PMID: 38994026 PMCID: PMC11234278 DOI: 10.7150/thno.97768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Biomarker-driven molecular imaging has emerged as an integral part of cancer precision radiotherapy. The use of molecular imaging probes, including nanoprobes, have been explored in radiotherapy imaging to precisely and noninvasively monitor spatiotemporal distribution of biomarkers, potentially revealing tumor-killing mechanisms and therapy-induced adverse effects during radiation treatment. Methods: We summarized literature reports from preclinical studies and clinical trials, which cover two main parts: 1) Clinically-investigated and emerging imaging biomarkers associated with radiotherapy, and 2) instrumental roles, functions, and activatable mechanisms of molecular imaging probes in the radiotherapy workflow. In addition, reflection and future perspectives are proposed. Results: Numerous imaging biomarkers have been continuously explored in decades, while few of them have been successfully validated for their correlation with radiotherapeutic outcomes and/or radiation-induced toxicities. Meanwhile, activatable molecular imaging probes towards the emerging biomarkers have exhibited to be promising in animal or small-scale human studies for precision radiotherapy. Conclusion: Biomarker-driven molecular imaging probes are essential for precision radiotherapy. Despite very inspiring preliminary results, validation of imaging biomarkers and rational design strategies of probes await robust and extensive investigations. Especially, the correlation between imaging biomarkers and radiotherapeutic outcomes/toxicities should be established through multi-center collaboration involving a large cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Li
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, 699 Jinyuan Xi Road, Jimei District, 361021 Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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Wen X, Bai S, Fang Z, Zhu W. Integrated pan-cancer and scRNA-seq analyses identify a prognostic coagulation-related gene signature associated with tumor microenvironment in lower-grade glioma. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:256. [PMID: 38955935 PMCID: PMC11219639 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01114-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated thrombosis is a significant complication in cancer patients, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. The expression of coagulation/fibrinolysis genes, termed the "coagulome", plays a critical role in this process. Using the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), we identified seven cancer types with significantly activated coagulation pathways, focusing on lower-grade glioma (LGG) and stomach adenocarcinoma due to their predictive value for overall survival. Through 1000 iterations of the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), we selected prognostic genes and constructed effective Cox regression models, particularly for LGG. Incorporating clinical characteristics, we constructed a nomogram for LGG, achieving an impressive area under the curve (AUCs) of 0.79, 0.82, and 0.81 at 1, 3, and 5 years in the test dataset, indicating strong potential for clinical application. Functional enrichment analysis between high-risk and low-risk LGG groups revealed significant enrichment of genes involved in the inflammatory response, interferon-gamma response, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathways. Combined with CIBERSORT and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of LGG, our results demonstrated that the interplay between coagulation and the tumor microenvironment, particularly involving gliomas and myeloid cells, significantly influences tumor progression and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehuan Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325800, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songjie Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zuochun Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Longgang People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325800, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
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Song X, Liu X, Guo Q, Xu H, Cao L. Unraveling the nexus between cellular senescence and malignant transformation: a paradigm shift in cancer research. Cancer Biol Med 2024; 21:j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0157. [PMID: 38940671 PMCID: PMC11271219 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Song
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xiyan Liu
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hongde Xu
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Liu Cao
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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9
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Zhao Y, Chen Y, Liu R, Liu M, You N, Zhao K, Zhang J, Xu B. Knockdown of ATRX enhances radiosensitivity in glioblastoma. Chin Neurosurg J 2024; 10:19. [PMID: 38898533 PMCID: PMC11186225 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-024-00371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma are highly malignant type of primary brain tumors. Treatment for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) generally involves surgery combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, the development of tumoral chemo- and radioresistance induces complexities in clinical practice. Multiple signaling pathways are known to be involved in radiation-induced cell survival. However, the role of alpha-thalassemia X-linked mutant retardation syndrome (ATRX), a chromatin remodeling protein, in GBM radioresistance remains unclear. METHODS In the present study, the ATRX mutation rate in patients with glioma was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas, while its expression analyzed using bioinformatics. Datasets were also obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus, and ATRX expression levels following irradiation of GBM were determined. The effects of ATRX on radiosensitivity were investigated using a knockdown assays. RESULTS The present study demonstrated that the ATRX mutation rate in patients with GBM was significantly lower than that in patients with low-grade glioma, and that patients harboring an ATRX mutation exhibited a prolonged survival, compared with to those harboring the wild-type gene. Single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrated that ATRX counts increased 2 days after irradiation, with ATRX expression levels also increasing in U-251MG radioresistant cells. Moreover, the results of in vitro irradiation assays revealed that ATRX expression was increased in U-251MG cells, while ATRX knockdown was associated with increased levels of radiosensitivity. CONCLUSIONS High ATRX expression levels in primary GBM may contribute to high levels of radioresistance. Thus ATRX is a potential target for overcoming the radioresistance in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, 572014, Hainan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Center of Cognition and Brain Science, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ruoyu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Minghang Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Na You
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jiashu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Bainan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Yu A, Wang Y, Qin J, Lei J, Bao W, Dong Z. Hypoxia-responsive gene F3 Promotes GBM Cell Proliferation and Migration through Activating NF-κB/p65 Signaling Pathway. J Cancer 2024; 15:4477-4489. [PMID: 39006069 PMCID: PMC11242329 DOI: 10.7150/jca.97357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant form of glioma, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of GBM in hypoxic microenvironment remain elusive. This study aims to explore the pathological functions of hypoxia-responsive genes on GBM progression and its downstream signaling pathways. Methods: RNA-seq was performed in normoxic and hypoxic U87 cells to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under hypoxia. The mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-responsive gene F3 in glioma clinical samples were analyzed according to the transcriptional information from CGGA, TCGA and Rembrandt databases. EdU, transwell and wound-healing assays were conducted to evaluate the pathological functions of F3 on GBM proliferation and migration under hypoxia. RNA-seq and gene set enrichment analysis were conducted to analyze the enriched pathways in LN229 cells overexpressed F3 compared to controls. GBM cells were treated with NF-κB inhibitor PDTC, and cell experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of PDTC on OE-F3-LN229 and OE-F3-U87 cells. Western blot was performed to validate the downstream pathways. Results: F3 was identified as a hypoxia responsive gene in GBM cells. The mRNA expression level of F3 was negatively correlated with the overall survival of glioma patients, and significantly increased in grade IV and GBM than lower grade or other histology of glioma. Overexpression of F3 enhanced the proliferation and migration of hypoxic U87 and LN229 cells, while knockdown inhibited them. In OE-F3-LN229 cells, the NF-κB pathway was activated, with an increased level of phosphorylated p65. PDTC treatment effectively rescued the enhanced proliferation and migration of OE-F3-LN229 cells under hypoxia, indicating that the effect of F3 on GBM progression is probably dependent on the NF-κB pathway. Conclusion: Hypoxia-induced F3 activates NF-κB pathway through upregulation of the phosphorylated p65, thus promoting the proliferation and migration of GBM cells under hypoxia, which might be a potential therapeutic target for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixin Yu
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
| | - Yiqi Wang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Central Nervous System Repair and Functional Reconstruction, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 430000, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 430000, China
| | - Junrong Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 430000, China
| | - Wendai Bao
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Central Nervous System Repair and Functional Reconstruction, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 430000, China
- Central Laboratory, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
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11
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Du M, Sun L, Guo J, Lv H. Macrophages and tumor-associated macrophages in the senescent microenvironment: From immunosuppressive TME to targeted tumor therapy. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107198. [PMID: 38692466 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
In-depth studies of the tumor microenvironment (TME) have helped to elucidate its cancer-promoting mechanisms and inherent characteristics. Cellular senescence, which acts as a response to injury and can the release of senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs). These SASPs release various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, remodeling the TME. This continual development of a senescent environment could be associated with chronic inflammation and immunosuppressive TME. Additionally, SASPs could influence the phenotype and function of macrophages, leading to the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This contributes to tumor proliferation and metastasis in the senescent microenvironment, working in tandem with immune regulation, angiogenesis, and therapeutic resistance. This comprehensive review covers the evolving nature of the senescent microenvironment, macrophages, and TAMs in tumor development. We also explored the links between chronic inflammation, immunosuppressive TME, cellular senescence, and macrophages. Moreover, we compiled various tumor-specific treatment strategies centered on cellular senescence and the current challenges in cellular senescence research. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism of macrophages and the senescent microenvironment in tumor progression and advance the development of targeted tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Du
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Jinshuai Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Huina Lv
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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12
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Zhang Y, Xi K, Fu Z, Zhang Y, Cheng B, Feng F, Dong Y, Fang Z, Zhang Y, Shen J, Wang M, Han X, Geng H, Sun L, Li X, Chen C, Jiang X, Ni S. Stimulation of tumoricidal immunity via bacteriotherapy inhibits glioblastoma relapse. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4241. [PMID: 38762500 PMCID: PMC11102507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor characterized by invasive behavior and a compromised immune response, presenting treatment challenges. Surgical debulking of GBM fails to address its highly infiltrative nature, leaving neoplastic satellites in an environment characterized by impaired immune surveillance, ultimately paving the way for tumor recurrence. Tracking and eradicating residual GBM cells by boosting antitumor immunity is critical for preventing postoperative relapse, but effective immunotherapeutic strategies remain elusive. Here, we report a cavity-injectable bacterium-hydrogel superstructure that targets GBM satellites around the cavity, triggers GBM pyroptosis, and initiates innate and adaptive immune responses, which prevent postoperative GBM relapse in male mice. The immunostimulatory Salmonella delivery vehicles (SDVs) engineered from attenuated Salmonella typhimurium (VNP20009) seek and attack GBM cells. Salmonella lysis-inducing nanocapsules (SLINs), designed to trigger autolysis, are tethered to the SDVs, eliciting antitumor immune response through the intracellular release of bacterial components. Furthermore, SDVs and SLINs administration via intracavitary injection of the ATP-responsive hydrogel can recruit phagocytes and promote antigen presentation, initiating an adaptive immune response. Therefore, our work offers a local bacteriotherapy for stimulating anti-GBM immunity, with potential applicability for patients facing malignancies at a high risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science,, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Kaiyan Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science,, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhipeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Road, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science,, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanmin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zezheng Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science,, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science,, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jianyu Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science,, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Mingrui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science,, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science,, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Huimin Geng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science,, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Shilei Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science,, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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13
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Xu MY, Xia ZY, Sun JX, Liu CQ, An Y, Xu JZ, Zhang SH, Zhong XY, Zeng N, Ma SY, He HD, Wang SG, Xia QD. A new perspective on prostate cancer treatment: the interplay between cellular senescence and treatment resistance. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395047. [PMID: 38694500 PMCID: PMC11061424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of resistance to prostate cancer (PCa) treatment, particularly to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), has posed a significant challenge in the field of PCa management. Among the therapeutic options for PCa, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy are commonly used modalities. However, these therapeutic approaches, while inducing apoptosis in tumor cells, may also trigger stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS). Cellular senescence, an entropy-driven transition from an ordered to a disordered state, ultimately leading to cell growth arrest, exhibits a dual role in PCa treatment. On one hand, senescent tumor cells may withdraw from the cell cycle, thereby reducing tumor growth rate and exerting a positive effect on treatment. On the other hand, senescent tumor cells may secrete a plethora of cytokines, growth factors and proteases that can affect neighboring tumor cells, thereby exerting a negative impact on treatment. This review explores how radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy trigger SIPS and the nuanced impact of senescent tumor cells on PCa treatment. Additionally, we aim to identify novel therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance in PCa treatment, thereby enhancing patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qi-Dong Xia
- *Correspondence: Shao-Gang Wang, ; Qi-Dong Xia,
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14
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Wang S, Gu S, Chen J, Yuan Z, Liang P, Cui H. Mechanism of Notch Signaling Pathway in Malignant Progression of Glioblastoma and Targeted Therapy. Biomolecules 2024; 14:480. [PMID: 38672496 PMCID: PMC11048644 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of glioma and the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system. Despite significant advances in clinical management strategies and diagnostic techniques for GBM in recent years, it remains a fatal disease. The current standard of care includes surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, but the five-year survival rate for patients is less than 5%. The search for a more precise diagnosis and earlier intervention remains a critical and urgent challenge in clinical practice. The Notch signaling pathway is a critical signaling system that has been extensively studied in the malignant progression of glioblastoma. This highly conserved signaling cascade is central to a variety of biological processes, including growth, proliferation, self-renewal, migration, apoptosis, and metabolism. In GBM, accumulating data suggest that the Notch signaling pathway is hyperactive and contributes to GBM initiation, progression, and treatment resistance. This review summarizes the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of the Notch signaling pathway in GBM, as well as some clinical advances targeting the Notch signaling pathway in cancer and glioblastoma, highlighting its potential as a focus for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Wang
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
| | - Sikuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.G.); (J.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Junfan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.G.); (J.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhiqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.G.); (J.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.G.); (J.C.); (Z.Y.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
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15
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Ji J, Ding K, Cheng B, Zhang X, Luo T, Huang B, Yu H, Chen Y, Xu X, Lin H, Zhou J, Wang T, Jin M, Liu A, Yan D, Liu F, Wang C, Chen J, Yan F, Wang L, Zhang J, Yan S, Wang J, Li X, Chen G. Radiotherapy-Induced Astrocyte Senescence Promotes an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Glioblastoma to Facilitate Tumor Regrowth. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304609. [PMID: 38342629 PMCID: PMC11022718 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that changes in the tumor microenvironment caused by radiotherapy are closely related to the recurrence of glioma. However, the mechanisms by which such radiation-induced changes are involved in tumor regrowth have not yet been fully investigated. In the present study, how cranial irradiation-induced senescence in non-neoplastic brain cells contributes to glioma progression is explored. It is observed that senescent brain cells facilitated tumor regrowth by enhancing the peripheral recruitment of myeloid inflammatory cells in glioblastoma. Further, it is identified that astrocytes are one of the most susceptible senescent populations and that they promoted chemokine secretion in glioma cells via the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. By using senolytic agents after radiotherapy to eliminate these senescent cells substantially prolonged survival time in preclinical models. The findings suggest the tumor-promoting role of senescent astrocytes in the irradiated glioma microenvironment and emphasize the translational relevance of senolytic agents for enhancing the efficacy of radiotherapy in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Ji
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological DiseasesHangzhouZhejiang310000P. R. China
- Department of NeurosurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research InstituteCheeloo College of MedicineShandong University107 Wenhua Xi RoadJinanShandong250012P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional RemodelingShandong University107 Wenhua Xi RoadJinanShandong250012P. R. China
- Department of Radiation OncologyMayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA
| | - Kaikai Ding
- Department of NeurosurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research InstituteCheeloo College of MedicineShandong University107 Wenhua Xi RoadJinanShandong250012P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional RemodelingShandong University107 Wenhua Xi RoadJinanShandong250012P. R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncologythe First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310000P. R. China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Radiation OncologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research InstituteCheeloo College of MedicineShandong University107 Wenhua Xi RoadJinanShandong250012P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional RemodelingShandong University107 Wenhua Xi RoadJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of NeurosurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research InstituteCheeloo College of MedicineShandong University107 Wenhua Xi RoadJinanShandong250012P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional RemodelingShandong University107 Wenhua Xi RoadJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of NeurosurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research InstituteCheeloo College of MedicineShandong University107 Wenhua Xi RoadJinanShandong250012P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional RemodelingShandong University107 Wenhua Xi RoadJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncologythe First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310000P. R. China
| | - Yike Chen
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological DiseasesHangzhouZhejiang310000P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological DiseasesHangzhouZhejiang310000P. R. China
| | - Haopu Lin
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological DiseasesHangzhouZhejiang310000P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological DiseasesHangzhouZhejiang310000P. R. China
| | - Tingtin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological DiseasesHangzhouZhejiang310000P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Jin
- Department of Reproductive EndocrinologyWomen's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310000P. R. China
| | - Aixia Liu
- Department of Reproductive EndocrinologyWomen's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310000P. R. China
| | - Danfang Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncologythe First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310000P. R. China
| | - Fuyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological DiseasesHangzhouZhejiang310000P. R. China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological DiseasesHangzhouZhejiang310000P. R. China
| | - Jingsen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological DiseasesHangzhouZhejiang310000P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological DiseasesHangzhouZhejiang310000P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological DiseasesHangzhouZhejiang310000P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological DiseasesHangzhouZhejiang310000P. R. China
| | - Senxiang Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncologythe First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310000P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research InstituteCheeloo College of MedicineShandong University107 Wenhua Xi RoadJinanShandong250012P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional RemodelingShandong University107 Wenhua Xi RoadJinanShandong250012P. R. China
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenJonas Lies vei 91BergenNorway5009
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research InstituteCheeloo College of MedicineShandong University107 Wenhua Xi RoadJinanShandong250012P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional RemodelingShandong University107 Wenhua Xi RoadJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological DiseasesHangzhouZhejiang310000P. R. China
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Saidak Z, Laville A, Soudet S, Sevestre MA, Constans JM, Galmiche A. An MRI Radiomics Approach to Predict the Hypercoagulable Status of Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1289. [PMID: 38610968 PMCID: PMC11010849 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolic events are frequent complications of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) and low-grade gliomas (LGGs). The overexpression of tissue factor (TF) plays an essential role in the local hypercoagulable phenotype that underlies these complications. Our aim was to build an MRI radiomics model for the non-invasive exploration of the hypercoagulable status of LGG/GBM. Radiogenomics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and REMBRANDT (Repository for molecular BRAin Neoplasia DaTa) cohorts were used. A logistic regression model (Radscore) was built in order to identify the top 20% TF-expressing tumors, considered to be at high thromboembolic risk. The most contributive MRI radiomics features from LGG/GBM linked to high TF were identified in TCGA using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. A logistic regression model was built, whose performance was analyzed with ROC in the TCGA/training and REMBRANDT/validation cohorts: AUC = 0.87 [CI95: 0.81-0.94, p < 0.0001] and AUC = 0.78 [CI95: 0.56-1.00, p = 0.02], respectively. In agreement with the key role of the coagulation cascade in gliomas, LGG patients with a high Radscore had lower overall and disease-free survival. The Radscore was linked to the presence of specific genomic alterations, the composition of the tumor coagulome and the tumor immune infiltrate. Our findings suggest that a non-invasive assessment of the hypercoagulable status of LGG/GBM is possible with MRI radiomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Saidak
- UR7516 CHIMERE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80054 Amiens, France; (Z.S.); (S.S.); (M.-A.S.); (J.-M.C.)
- Service de Biochimie, Centre de Biologie Humaine, CHU Amiens, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - Adrien Laville
- INSERM UMR 1030, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France;
- Service de Radiothérapie, CHU Amiens, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - Simon Soudet
- UR7516 CHIMERE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80054 Amiens, France; (Z.S.); (S.S.); (M.-A.S.); (J.-M.C.)
- Service de Médecine Vasculaire, CHU Amiens, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - Marie-Antoinette Sevestre
- UR7516 CHIMERE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80054 Amiens, France; (Z.S.); (S.S.); (M.-A.S.); (J.-M.C.)
- Service de Médecine Vasculaire, CHU Amiens, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Marc Constans
- UR7516 CHIMERE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80054 Amiens, France; (Z.S.); (S.S.); (M.-A.S.); (J.-M.C.)
- Service d’Imagerie Médicale, CHU Amiens, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - Antoine Galmiche
- UR7516 CHIMERE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80054 Amiens, France; (Z.S.); (S.S.); (M.-A.S.); (J.-M.C.)
- Service de Biochimie, Centre de Biologie Humaine, CHU Amiens, 80054 Amiens, France
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Lombardi F, Augello FR, Artone S, Ciafarone A, Topi S, Cifone MG, Cinque B, Palumbo P. Involvement of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Establishing an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Tumorspheres Derived from TMZ-Resistant Glioblastoma Cell Lines and Primary Cultures. Cells 2024; 13:258. [PMID: 38334650 PMCID: PMC10854914 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) strictly associated with therapy resistance. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) fuels GBM proliferation, stemness, and chemoresistance. We previously reported that COX-2 upregulation induced by temozolomide (TMZ) supported chemoresistance. Also, COX-2 transfer by extracellular vesicles released by T98G promoted M2 polarization in macrophages, whereas COX-2 inhibition counteracted these effects. Here, we investigated the COX-2 role in the stemness potential and modulation of the GBM immunosuppressive microenvironment. The presence of macrophages U937 within tumorspheres derived from GBM cell lines and primary cultures exposed to celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) with or without TMZ was studied by confocal microscopy. M2 polarization was analyzed by TGFβ-1 and CD206 levels. Osteopontin (OPN), a crucial player within the TME by driving the macrophages' infiltration, and CD44 expression was assessed by Western blot. TMZ strongly enhanced tumorsphere size and induced the M2 polarization of infiltrating macrophages. In macrophage-infiltrated tumorspheres, TMZ upregulated OPN and CD44 expression. These TMZ effects were counteracted by the concurrent addition of CXB. Remarkably, exogenous prostaglandin-E2 restored OPN and CD44, highlighting the COX-2 pivotal role in the protumor macrophages' state promotion. COX-2 inhibition interfered with TMZ's ability to induce M2-polarization and counteracted the development of an immunosuppressive TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lombardi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (F.L.); (F.R.A.); (M.G.C.); (B.C.)
| | - Francesca Rosaria Augello
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (F.L.); (F.R.A.); (M.G.C.); (B.C.)
| | - Serena Artone
- PhD School in Medicine and Public Health, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Alessia Ciafarone
- PhD School in Health & Environmental Sciences, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Skender Topi
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, Aleksandër Xhuvani University, 3001 Elbasan, Albania;
| | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (F.L.); (F.R.A.); (M.G.C.); (B.C.)
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (F.L.); (F.R.A.); (M.G.C.); (B.C.)
| | - Paola Palumbo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (F.L.); (F.R.A.); (M.G.C.); (B.C.)
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Mackman N, Tawil N, Rak J. Tissue factor at the crossroads of coagulation and radiation response in glioblastoma. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:3-6. [PMID: 38173243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Mackman
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Blood Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Nadim Tawil
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Janusz Rak
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Song KX, Wang JX, Huang D. Therapy-induced senescent tumor cells in cancer relapse. JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER CENTER 2023; 3:273-278. [PMID: 39036667 PMCID: PMC11256611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jncc.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characterized by a generally irreversible cell cycle arrest and the secretion of bioactive factors known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In an oncogenic context, senescence is considered a tumor suppressive mechanism as it prevents cell proliferation and inhibits the progression from pre-malignant to malignant disease. However, recent studies have demonstrated that senescent tumor cells, which could spontaneously exist within cancer tissues or arise in response to various cancer interventions (the so-called therapy-induced senescence, TIS), can acquire pro-tumorigenic properties and are capable of driving local and metastatic relapse. This highlights the complex and multifaceted nature of cellular senescence in cancer biology. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the pathological function of therapy-induced senescent tumor cells and discuss possible mechanisms by which tumor cell senescence contributes to cancer relapse. We also discuss implications for future studies toward targeting these less appreciated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xin Song
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Xian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - De Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hefei, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Wu M, Chen Y, Hua G, Chunhui L. The CD2-CD58 axis: A novel marker predicting poor prognosis in patients with low-grade gliomas and potential therapeutic approaches. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1022. [PMID: 37904707 PMCID: PMC10571499 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are currently considered a premalignant condition for high-grade gliomas (HGGs) and are characterized by a relatively intact immune system. Immunotherapeutic modalities may offer a safe and effective treatment option for these patients. However, the CD2-CD58 axis, an important component of the immunological synapse, remains unknown in LGG. METHODS RNA-seq data from TCGA databases were analyzed. Immune cell infiltration was determined using a single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) based on integrated immune gene sets from published studies. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, univariate and multivariate logistic analysis, and the ESTIMATE algorithm were employed to evaluate the impact of the CD2-CD58 axis on adult LGG patients. RESULTS The expression of the CD2-CD58 axis was found to be elevated with increasing of WHO grade (p < .05). Uni- and multi-variable logistic analysis demonstrated that age, WHO grade, and CD58 levels were associated with poor prognosis in LGG patients with (p < .01). MetaSape pathways analysis revealed the involvement of CD58 in regulating T cell activation, leukocyte-mediated immunity, and the positive regulation of cell activation in WHO grade II and III. CD58 expression correlated with infiltrations of CD4+ lymphocytes, NK cells, and macrophages cells. The ESTIMATE algorithm indicated that patients with high CD58 expression had significantly higher immune scores compared with low CD58 expression in WHO grade II/III, but no statistical difference was observed in WHO grade IV (p < .05). Furthermore, correlation analysis demonstrated the significant association between CD58 and CD274 (r = 0.581, p < .001), HAVCR2 (r = 0.58i7, p < .001), and LGALS9 (r = 0.566, p < .001). Immunohistochemical staining further confirmed the relationship of CD58, HAVCR2, WHO grade, and prognosis in grade II and III patients. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings highlight the significant association between the CD2-CD58 axis and poor survival in LGG patients. High CD58 expression is implicated in T cell-mediated immune responses as an immunosuppressive factor and affect inhibitory immune checkpoint genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Wu
- Qinzhou First People's HospitalQinzhouChina
| | - Yiyuan Chen
- Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Gao Hua
- Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Liu Chunhui
- Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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