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Fuloria S, Yadav G, Menon SV, Ali H, Pant K, Kaur M, Deorari M, Sekar M, Narain K, Kumar S, Fuloria NK. Targeting the Wnt/β-catenin cascade in osteosarcoma: The potential of ncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutics. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 259:155346. [PMID: 38781762 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a bone cancer which stems from several sources and presents with diverse clinical features, making evaluation and treatment difficult. Chemotherapy tolerance and restricted treatment regimens hinder progress in survival rates, requiring new and creative therapeutic strategies. The Wnt/β-catenin system has been recognised as an essential driver of OS development, providing potential avenues for therapy. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as circular RNAs (circRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs), are essential in modulating the Wnt/β-catenin cascade in OS. MiRNAs control the system by targeting vital elements, while lncRNAs and circRNAs interact with system genes, impacting OS growth and advancement. This paper thoroughly analyses the intricate interplay between ncRNAs and the Wnt/β-catenin cascade in OS. We examine how uncontrolled levels of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs lead to an abnormal Wnt/β-catenin network, which elevates the development, spread, and susceptibility to the treatment of OS. We emphasise the potential of ncRNAs as diagnostic indicators and avenues for treatment in OS care. The review offers valuable insights for academics and clinicians studying OS aetiology and creating new treatment techniques for the ncRNA-Wnt/β-catenin cascade. Utilising the oversight roles of ncRNAs in the Wnt/β-catenin system shows potential for enhancing the outcomes of patients and progressing precision medicine in OS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geeta Yadav
- Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjheri, Mohali, Punjab 140307, India
| | - Soumya V Menon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Haider Ali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; Department of Pharmacology, Kyrgyz State Medical College, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Kumud Pant
- Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Clement Town, Dehradun 248002, India; Graphic Era Hill University, Clement Town, Dehradun 248002, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Narain
- Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Kedah 08100, Malaysia
| | - Sokindra Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Subhartipuram, Meerut-25005, U.P. India
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Shirai R, Biebighauser T, Walker D, Oviedo J, Nelson-Taylor S, Bodlak A, Porfilio T, Oike N, Goodspeed A, Hayashi M. Cadherin-11 contributes to the heterogenous and dynamic Wnt-Wnt-β-catenin pathway activation in Ewing sarcoma. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305490. [PMID: 38875295 PMCID: PMC11178195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is the second most common bone cancer in children, and while patients who present with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis have a dismal prognosis. Ewing sarcoma tumors are driven by the fusion gene EWS/Fli1, and while these tumors are genetically homogenous, the transcriptional heterogeneity can lead to a variety of cellular processes including metastasis. In this study, we demonstrate that in Ewing sarcoma cells, the canonical Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway is heterogeneously activated in vitro and in vivo, correlating with hypoxia and EWS/Fli1 activity. Ewing sarcoma cells predominantly express β-Catenin on the cell membrane bound to CDH11, which can respond to exogenous Wnt ligands leading to the immediate activation of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling within a tumor. Knockdown of CDH11 leads to delayed and decreased response to exogenous Wnt ligand stimulation, and ultimately decreased metastatic propensity. Our findings strongly indicate that CDH11 is a key component of regulating Wnt//β-Catenin signaling heterogeneity within Ewing sarcoma tumors, and is a promising molecular target to alter Wnt//β-Catenin signaling in Ewing sarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Shirai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Tyler Biebighauser
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Deandra Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jillian Oviedo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sarah Nelson-Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Avery Bodlak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Timothy Porfilio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Naoki Oike
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Andrew Goodspeed
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Masanori Hayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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3
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CHANG J, ZHAO F, SUN X, MA X, ZHAO P, ZHOU C, SHI B, GU W, WANG Y, YANG Y. Polyphyllin I enhances tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced inhibition of human osteosarcoma cell growth downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2024; 44:251-259. [PMID: 38504531 PMCID: PMC10927409 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the synergistic effects of polyphyllin I (PPI) combined with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on the growth of osteosarcoma cells through downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. METHODS Cell viability, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were examined using cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry assays. The morphology of cancer cells was observed with inverted phase contrast microscope. The migration and invasion abilities were examined by xCELLigence real time cell analysis DP system and transwell assays. The expressions of poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase, C-Myc, Cyclin B1, cyclin-dependent kinases 1, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Active-β-catenin, β-catenin, p-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and GSK-3β were determined by Western blotting assay. RESULTS PPI sensitized TRAIL-induced decrease of viability, migration and invasion, as well as increase of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of MG-63 and U-2 OS osteosarcoma cells. The synergistic effect of PPI with TRAIL in inhibiting the growth of osteosarcoma cells was at least partially realized through the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The combination of PPI and TRAIL is potentially a novel treatment strategy of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli CHANG
- 1 Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fulai ZHAO
- 1 Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xingyuan SUN
- 1 Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoping MA
- 1 Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng ZHAO
- 1 Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chujie ZHOU
- 1 Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Binhao SHI
- 1 Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenchao GU
- 2 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 315-0114, Japan
| | - Yongjun WANG
- 1 Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanping YANG
- 1 Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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4
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Martins-Neves SR, Sampaio-Ribeiro G, Gomes CMF. Self-Renewal and Pluripotency in Osteosarcoma Stem Cells' Chemoresistance: Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt/β-Catenin Interplay with Embryonic Markers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098401. [PMID: 37176108 PMCID: PMC10179672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a highly malignant bone tumor derived from mesenchymal cells that contains self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for tumor progression and chemotherapy resistance. Understanding the signaling pathways that regulate CSC self-renewal and survival is crucial for developing effective therapies. The Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt/β-Catenin developmental pathways, which are essential for self-renewal and differentiation of normal stem cells, have been identified as important regulators of osteosarcoma CSCs and also in the resistance to anticancer therapies. Targeting these pathways and their interactions with embryonic markers and the tumor microenvironment may be a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome chemoresistance and improve the prognosis for osteosarcoma patients. This review focuses on the role of Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt/β-Catenin signaling in regulating CSC self-renewal, pluripotency, and chemoresistance, and their potential as targets for anti-cancer therapies. We also discuss the relevance of embryonic markers, including SOX-2, Oct-4, NANOG, and KLF4, in osteosarcoma CSCs and their association with the aforementioned signaling pathways in overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Martins-Neves
- iCBR-Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Sampaio-Ribeiro
- iCBR-Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Célia M F Gomes
- iCBR-Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
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5
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Ouyang C, Zhang J, Lei X, Xie Z, Liu X, Li Y, Huang S, Wang Z, Tang G. Advances in antitumor research of HIF-1α inhibitor YC-1 and its derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106400. [PMID: 36739684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Generally, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is highly expressed in solid tumors, it plays a key role in the occurrence and development of tumors, hindering cancer treatment in various ways. The antitumor activity and pharmacological mechanism of YC-1 [3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1‑benzyl indazole], an HIF-1α inhibitor, and the design and synthesis of its derivatives have attracted tremendous attention in the field of antitumor research. YC-1 is a potential drug candidate and a lead compound for tumor therapy. Hence, the multifaceted mechanism of action of YC-1 and the structure activity relationship (SAR) of its derivatives are important factors to be considered for the development of HIF-1α inhibitors. Therefore, this review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the various antitumor mechanisms of YC-1 in antitumor research and an in-depth summary of the SAR for the development of its derivatives. A full understanding and discussion of these aspects are expected to provide potential ideas for developing novel HIF-1α inhibitors and antitumor drugs belonging to the YC-1 class. The review also highlighted the application prospects of the YC-1 class of potential antitumor candidates, and provided some unique insights about these antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Ouyang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medicial School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medicial School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medicial School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medicial School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xingyun Liu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yong Li
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Jiuzhitang Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Guotao Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medicial School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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6
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Ng LY, Ma HT, Poon RYC. Cyclin A-CDK1 suppresses the expression of the CDK1 activator CDC25A to safeguard timely mitotic entry. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102957. [PMID: 36717077 PMCID: PMC9986519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin A and CDC25A are both activators of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs): cyclin A acts as an activating subunit of CDKs and CDC25A a phosphatase of the inhibitory phosphorylation sites of the CDKs. In this study, we uncovered an inverse relationship between the two CDK activators. As cyclin A is an essential gene, we generated a conditional silencing cell line using a combination of CRISPR-Cas9 and degron-tagged cyclin A. Destruction of cyclin A promoted an acute accumulation of CDC25A. The increase of CDC25A after cyclin A depletion occurred throughout the cell cycle and was independent on cell cycle delay caused by cyclin A deficiency. Moreover, we determined that the inverse relationship with cyclin A was specific for CDC25A and not for other CDC25 family members or kinases that regulate the same sites in CDKs. Unexpectedly, the upregulation of CDC25A was mainly caused by an increase in transcriptional activity instead of a change in the stability of the protein. Reversing the accumulation of CDC25A severely delayed G2-M in cyclin A-depleted cells. Taken together, these data provide evidence of a compensatory mechanism involving CDC25A that ensures timely mitotic entry at different levels of cyclin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lau Yan Ng
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hoi Tang Ma
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Randy Y C Poon
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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7
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Wnt Signaling in the Development of Bone Metastasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233934. [PMID: 36497192 PMCID: PMC9739050 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling occurs through evolutionarily conserved pathways that affect cellular proliferation and fate decisions during development and tissue maintenance. Alterations in these highly regulated pathways, however, play pivotal roles in various malignancies, promoting cancer initiation, growth and metastasis and the development of drug resistance. The ability of cancer cells to metastasize is the primary cause of cancer mortality. Bone is one of the most frequent sites of metastases that generally arise from breast, prostate, lung, melanoma or kidney cancer. Upon their arrival to the bone, cancer cells can enter a long-term dormancy period, from which they can be reactivated, but can rarely be cured. The activation of Wnt signaling during the bone metastasis process was found to enhance proliferation, induce the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, promote the modulation of the extracellular matrix, enhance angiogenesis and immune tolerance and metastasize and thrive in the bone. Due to the complexity of Wnt pathways and of the landscape of this mineralized tissue, Wnt function during metastatic progression within bone is not yet fully understood. Therefore, we believe that a better understanding of these pathways and their roles in the development of bone metastasis could improve our understanding of the disease and may constitute fertile ground for potential therapeutics.
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8
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Todosenko N, Yurova K, Khaziakhmatova O, Malashchenko V, Khlusov I, Litvinova L. Heparin and Heparin-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Pleiotropic Molecular Effects at Multiple Drug Resistance of Osteosarcoma and Immune Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102181. [PMID: 36297616 PMCID: PMC9612132 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main problems of modern health care is the growing number of oncological diseases both in the elderly and young population. Inadequately effective chemotherapy, which remains the main method of cancer control, is largely associated with the emergence of multidrug resistance in tumor cells. The search for new solutions to overcome the resistance of malignant cells to pharmacological agents is being actively pursued. Another serious problem is immunosuppression caused both by the tumor cells themselves and by antitumor drugs. Of great interest in this context is heparin, a biomolecule belonging to the class of glycosaminoglycans and possessing a broad spectrum of biological activity, including immunomodulatory and antitumor properties. In the context of the rapid development of the new field of “osteoimmunology,” which focuses on the collaboration of bone and immune cells, heparin and delivery systems based on it may be of intriguing importance for the oncotherapy of malignant bone tumors. Osteosarcoma is a rare but highly aggressive, chemoresistant malignant tumor that affects young adults and is characterized by constant recurrence and metastasis. This review describes the direct and immune-mediated regulatory effects of heparin and drug delivery systems based on it on the molecular mechanisms of (multiple) drug resistance in (onco) pathological conditions of bone tissue, especially osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Todosenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Kristina Yurova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Olga Khaziakhmatova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Vladimir Malashchenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Igor Khlusov
- Department of Morphology and General Pathology, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Larisa Litvinova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Correspondence:
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9
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Thakkar MK, Lee J, Meyer S, Chang VY. RecQ Helicase Somatic Alterations in Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:887758. [PMID: 35782872 PMCID: PMC9240438 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.887758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Named the “caretakers” of the genome, RecQ helicases function in several pathways to maintain genomic stability and repair DNA. This highly conserved family of enzymes consist of five different proteins in humans: RECQL1, BLM, WRN, RECQL4, and RECQL5. Biallelic germline mutations in BLM, WRN, and RECQL4 have been linked to rare cancer-predisposing syndromes. Emerging research has also implicated somatic alterations in RecQ helicases in a variety of cancers, including hematological malignancies, breast cancer, osteosarcoma, amongst others. These alterations in RecQ helicases, particularly overexpression, may lead to increased resistance of cancer cells to conventional chemotherapy. Downregulation of these proteins may allow for increased sensitivity to chemotherapy, and, therefore, may be important therapeutic targets. Here we provide a comprehensive review of our current understanding of the role of RecQ DNA helicases in cancer and discuss the potential therapeutic opportunities in targeting these helicases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha K. Thakkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jamie Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stefan Meyer
- Division of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital and Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Vivian Y. Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Childrens Discovery and Innovation Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Vivian Y. Chang,
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10
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Date Y, Taniuchi I, Ito K. Oncogenic Runx1-Myc axis in p53-deficient thymic lymphoma. Gene 2022; 819:146234. [PMID: 35114276 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
p53 deficiency and Myc dysregulation are frequently associated with cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms linking these two major oncogenic events are poorly understood. Using an osteosarcoma model caused by p53 loss, we have recently shown that Runx3 aberrantly upregulates Myc via mR1, a Runx consensus site in the Myc promoter. Here, we focus on thymic lymphoma, a major tumour type caused by germline p53 deletion in mice, and examine whether the oncogenic Runx-Myc axis plays a notable role in the development of p53-deficient lymphoma. Mice lacking p53 specifically in thymocytes (LP mice) mostly succumbed to thymic lymphoma. Runx1 and Myc were upregulated in LP mouse lymphoma compared with the normal thymus. Depletion of Runx1 or Myc prolonged the lifespan of LP mice and suppressed lymphoma development. In lymphoma cells isolated from LP mice, knockdown of Runx1 led to Myc suppression, weakening their tumour forming ability in immunocompromised mice. The mR1 locus was enriched by both Runx1 and H3K27ac, an active chromatin marker. LP mice with mutated mR1 had a longer lifespan and a lower incidence of lymphoma. Treatment with AI-10-104, a Runx inhibitor, improved the survival of LP mice. These results suggest that Myc upregulation by Runx1 is a key event in p53-deficient thymic lymphoma development and provide a clinical rationale for targeting the Runx family in p53-deficient malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Date
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kosei Ito
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
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11
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Rogic A, Pant I, Grumolato L, Fernandez-Rodriguez R, Edwards A, Das S, Sun A, Yao S, Qiao R, Jaffer S, Sachidanandam R, Akturk G, Karlic R, Skobe M, Aaronson SA. High endogenous CCL2 expression promotes the aggressive phenotype of human inflammatory breast cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6889. [PMID: 34824220 PMCID: PMC8617270 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with distinct clinical and histopathological features whose molecular basis is unresolved. Here we describe a human IBC cell line, A3250, that recapitulates key IBC features in a mouse xenograft model, including skin erythema, diffuse tumor growth, dermal lymphatic invasion, and extensive metastases. A3250 cells express very high levels of the CCL2 chemokine and induce tumors enriched in macrophages. CCL2 knockdown leads to a striking reduction in macrophage densities, tumor proliferation, skin erythema, and metastasis. These results establish IBC-derived CCL2 as a key factor driving macrophage expansion, and indirectly tumor growth, with transcriptomic analysis demonstrating the activation of multiple inflammatory pathways. Finally, primary human IBCs exhibit macrophage infiltration and an enriched macrophage RNA signature. Thus, this human IBC model provides insight into the distinctive biology of IBC, and highlights potential therapeutic approaches to this deadly disease. Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer with a poor prognosis. Here the authors report the characterization of a human IBC cell line recapitulating the clinical and histopathological features of the human disease, and implicating its high level of CCL2 in macrophage infiltration and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Rogic
- Laboratory of Cancer Lymphangiogenesis, Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ila Pant
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Luca Grumolato
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, DC2N, Rouen, France
| | - Ruben Fernandez-Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Cancer Lymphangiogenesis, Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew Edwards
- Laboratory of Cancer Lymphangiogenesis, Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Suvendu Das
- Laboratory of Cancer Lymphangiogenesis, Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Institute of Advanced Research, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Koba Institutional, Area, Gandhinagar 382 426, Gujarat, India
| | - Aaron Sun
- Laboratory of Cancer Lymphangiogenesis, Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shen Yao
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rui Qiao
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shabnam Jaffer
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ravi Sachidanandam
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Guray Akturk
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rosa Karlic
- Bioinformatics group, Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mihaela Skobe
- Laboratory of Cancer Lymphangiogenesis, Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA. .,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Stuart A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA. .,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
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12
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WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Soft Tissue Sarcomas: New Therapeutic Opportunities? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215521. [PMID: 34771683 PMCID: PMC8583315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in fundamental processes for the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, little is known about its relevance for mesenchymal neoplasms, such us soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Chemotherapy based on doxorubicin (DXR) still remains the standard first-line treatment for locally advanced unresectable or metastatic STS, although overall survival could not be improved by combination with other chemotherapeutics. In this sense, the development of new therapeutic approaches continues to be an unmatched goal. This review covers the most important molecular alterations of the WNT signaling pathway in STS, broadening the current knowledge about STS as well as identifying novel drug targets. Furthermore, the current therapeutic options and drug candidates to modulate WNT signaling, which are usually classified by their interaction site upstream or downstream of β-catenin, and their presumable clinical impact on STS are discussed. Abstract Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a very heterogeneous group of rare tumors, comprising more than 50 different histological subtypes that originate from mesenchymal tissue. Despite their heterogeneity, chemotherapy based on doxorubicin (DXR) has been in use for forty years now and remains the standard first-line treatment for locally advanced unresectable or metastatic STS, although overall survival could not be improved by combination with other chemotherapeutics. In this sense, the development of new therapeutic approaches continues to be a largely unmatched goal. The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in various fundamental processes for embryogenic development, including the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Although the role of this pathway has been widely researched in neoplasms of epithelial origin, little is known about its relevance for mesenchymal neoplasms. This review covers the most important molecular alterations of the WNT signaling pathway in STS. The detection of these alterations and the understanding of their functional consequences for those pathways controlling sarcomagenesis development and progression are crucial to broaden the current knowledge about STS as well as to identify novel drug targets. In this regard, the current therapeutic options and drug candidates to modulate WNT signaling, which are usually classified by their interaction site upstream or downstream of β-catenin, and their presumable clinical impact on STS are also discussed.
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13
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Freeman-Cook K, Hoffman RL, Miller N, Almaden J, Chionis J, Zhang Q, Eisele K, Liu C, Zhang C, Huser N, Nguyen L, Costa-Jones C, Niessen S, Carelli J, Lapek J, Weinrich SL, Wei P, McMillan E, Wilson E, Wang TS, McTigue M, Ferre RA, He YA, Ninkovic S, Behenna D, Tran KT, Sutton S, Nagata A, Ornelas MA, Kephart SE, Zehnder LR, Murray B, Xu M, Solowiej JE, Visswanathan R, Boras B, Looper D, Lee N, Bienkowska JR, Zhu Z, Kan Z, Ding Y, Mu XJ, Oderup C, Salek-Ardakani S, White MA, VanArsdale T, Dann SG. Expanding control of the tumor cell cycle with a CDK2/4/6 inhibitor. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:1404-1421.e11. [PMID: 34520734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib (PAL), significantly improves progression-free survival in HR+/HER2- breast cancer when combined with anti-hormonals. We sought to discover PAL resistance mechanisms in preclinical models and through analysis of clinical transcriptome specimens, which coalesced on induction of MYC oncogene and Cyclin E/CDK2 activity. We propose that targeting the G1 kinases CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6 with a small-molecule overcomes resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition. We describe the pharmacodynamics and efficacy of PF-06873600 (PF3600), a pyridopyrimidine with potent inhibition of CDK2/4/6 activity and efficacy in multiple in vivo tumor models. Together with the clinical analysis, MYC activity predicts (PF3600) efficacy across multiple cell lineages. Finally, we find that CDK2/4/6 inhibition does not compromise tumor-specific immune checkpoint blockade responses in syngeneic models. We anticipate that (PF3600), currently in phase 1 clinical trials, offers a therapeutic option to cancer patients in whom CDK4/6 inhibition is insufficient to alter disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Freeman-Cook
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Robert L Hoffman
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Nichol Miller
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jonathan Almaden
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - John Chionis
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Qin Zhang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Koleen Eisele
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Chaoting Liu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Cathy Zhang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Nanni Huser
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lisa Nguyen
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Cinthia Costa-Jones
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sherry Niessen
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jordan Carelli
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - John Lapek
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Scott L Weinrich
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ping Wei
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Elizabeth McMillan
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wilson
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Tim S Wang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michele McTigue
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Rose Ann Ferre
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - You-Ai He
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sacha Ninkovic
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Douglas Behenna
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Khanh T Tran
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Scott Sutton
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Asako Nagata
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Martha A Ornelas
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Susan E Kephart
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Luke R Zehnder
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Brion Murray
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Meirong Xu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - James E Solowiej
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ravi Visswanathan
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Britton Boras
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - David Looper
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Nathan Lee
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jadwiga R Bienkowska
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Zhengyan Kan
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ying Ding
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Xinmeng Jasmine Mu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Cecilia Oderup
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Shahram Salek-Ardakani
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michael A White
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Todd VanArsdale
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Stephen G Dann
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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iNOS Promotes the Development of Osteosarcoma via Wnt/ β-Catenin Pathway. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:4549221. [PMID: 34435052 PMCID: PMC8382520 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4549221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), accompanied with protumor and antitumor activity, has been studied in multiple cancers. However, the role of iNOS expression in osteosarcoma (OS) is far from being fully understood. In present work, iNOS levels were detected in OS tissues and cell lines. Colony formation assay, Transwell assay, and fow cytometer were used to assess proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis abilities in vitro after iNOS inhibition. Western blotting determined the expressions of iNOS, MMP2, MMP9, C-MYC, Ki67, PCNA, and β-catenin. Mice transfected with OS cells were to evaluate tumor formation. IHC assay was to evaluate the expressions of iNOS and β-catenin in mice. The results showed that iNOS was upregulated in both OS tissues and cells compared with that in matched normal tissues or cells. And we found that proliferation, migration, and invasion numbers of OS cells were decreased, and apoptosis numbers of OS cells were increased after iNOS inhibition. MMP2, MMP9, C-MYC, Ki67, and PCNA levels were also reduced in OS cells treated with iNOS inhibition. Else, iNOS inhibition would suppress β-catenin expression in OS cells to regulate MMP2, MMP9, C-MYC, Ki67, and PCNA expressions. In addition, tumor formation, iNOS expression, and β-catenin expression were inhibited in mice transplanted with iNOS knockout OS cells. These results indicated that iNOS might be a potential therapeutic target for OS.
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15
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Jimenez-García MP, Lucena-Cacace A, Otero-Albiol D, Carnero A. Empty spiracles homeobox genes EMX1 and EMX2 regulate WNT pathway activation in sarcomagenesis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:247. [PMID: 34364391 PMCID: PMC8348834 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcomas are a very heterogeneous group of tumors with intrinsic developmental programs derived from the cell of origin. This implies a functional hierarchy inside tumors governed by sarcoma stem cells. Therefore, genetic and/or epigenetic changes profoundly affect the biology of sarcoma tumor stem cells. EMX genes are proposed to be transcription factors that are involved in the sarcomagenesis process, regardless of the neural or mesodermal embryological sarcoma origin. It has been shown that EMX1 or EMX2 overexpression reduces tumorigenic properties, while reducing the levels of these genes enhances these properties. Furthermore, it has been shown that EMX genes decrease the expression of stem cell regulatory genes and the stem cell phenotype. Taken together, these results indicate that the EMX1 and EMX2 genes negatively regulate these tumor-remodeling populations or sarcoma stem cells, acting as tumor suppressors in sarcoma. Methods Bioinformatic analysis, quantitative mRNA and protein expression analysis, cell models of sarcoma by ectopic expression of EMX genes. By cell biology methods we measured tumorigenesis and populations enriched on stem cell phenotypes, either in vitro or in vivo. Results In this work, we showed that the canonical Wnt pathway is one of the mechanisms that explains the relationships of EMX1/EMX2 and stem cell genes in sarcoma. The Wnt-EMX1/EMX2 relationship was validated in silico with sarcoma patient datasets, in vitro in primary derived sarcoma cell lines, and in vivo. EMX expression was found to negatively regulate the Wnt pathway. In addition, the constitutive activation of the Wnt pathway revers to a more aggressive phenotype with stem cell properties, and stemness gene transcription increased even in the presence of EMX1 and/or EMX2 overexpression, establishing the relationship among the Wnt pathway, stem cell genes and the EMX transcription factors. Conclusions Our data showed that Empty Spiracles Homeobox Genes EMX1 and EMX2 represses WNT signalling and activation of WNT pathway bypass EMX-dependent stemness repression and induces sarcomagenesis. These results also suggest the relevance of the Wnt/b-catenin/stemness axis as a therapeutic target in sarcoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02048-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Pedro Jimenez-García
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Cancer, IS Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Lucena-Cacace
- Present address: Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daniel Otero-Albiol
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Cancer, IS Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain. .,CIBER de Cancer, IS Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/HUVR/CSIC, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
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16
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Damerell V, Pepper MS, Prince S. Molecular mechanisms underpinning sarcomas and implications for current and future therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:246. [PMID: 34188019 PMCID: PMC8241855 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are complex mesenchymal neoplasms with a poor prognosis. Their clinical management is highly challenging due to their heterogeneity and insensitivity to current treatments. Although there have been advances in understanding specific genomic alterations and genetic mutations driving sarcomagenesis, the underlying molecular mechanisms, which are likely to be unique for each sarcoma subtype, are not fully understood. This is in part due to a lack of consensus on the cells of origin, but there is now mounting evidence that they originate from mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs). To identify novel treatment strategies for sarcomas, research in recent years has adopted a mechanism-based search for molecular markers for targeted therapy which has included recapitulating sarcomagenesis using in vitro and in vivo MSC models. This review provides a comprehensive up to date overview of the molecular mechanisms that underpin sarcomagenesis, the contribution of MSCs to modelling sarcomagenesis in vivo, as well as novel topics such as the role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT)/mesenchymal-to-epithelial-transition (MET) plasticity, exosomes, and microRNAs in sarcomagenesis. It also reviews current therapeutic options including ongoing pre-clinical and clinical studies for targeted sarcoma therapy and discusses new therapeutic avenues such as targeting recently identified molecular pathways and key transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Damerell
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
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17
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Ruh M, Stemmler MP, Frisch I, Fuchs K, van Roey R, Kleemann J, Roas M, Schuhwerk H, Eccles RL, Agaimy A, Baumhoer D, Berx G, Müller F, Brabletz T, Brabletz S. The EMT transcription factor ZEB1 blocks osteoblastic differentiation in bone development and osteosarcoma. J Pathol 2021; 254:199-211. [PMID: 33675037 DOI: 10.1002/path.5659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is an often-fatal mesenchyme-derived malignancy in children and young adults. Overexpression of EMT-transcription factors (EMT-TFs) has been associated with poor clinical outcome. Here, we demonstrated that the EMT-TF ZEB1 is able to block osteoblastic differentiation in normal bone development as well as in osteosarcoma cells. Consequently, overexpression of ZEB1 in osteosarcoma characterizes poorly differentiated, highly metastatic subgroups and its depletion induces differentiation of osteosarcoma cells. Overexpression of ZEB1 in osteosarcoma is frequently associated with silencing of the imprinted DLK-DIO3 locus, which encodes for microRNAs targeting ZEB1. Epigenetic reactivation of this locus in osteosarcoma cells reduces ZEB1 expression, induces differentiation, and sensitizes to standard treatment, thus indicating therapeutic options for ZEB1-driven osteosarcomas. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ruh
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marc P Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Isabell Frisch
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Fuchs
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ruthger van Roey
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Kleemann
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maike Roas
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Schuhwerk
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rebecca L Eccles
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Baumhoer
- Bone Tumor Reference Centre, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Geert Berx
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fabian Müller
- Department of Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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18
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Melittin inhibits lung metastasis of human osteosarcoma: Evidence of wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway participation. Toxicon 2021; 198:132-142. [PMID: 33930393 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Melittin is a major active peptide component of bee venom that has been demonstrated to show anti-tumor effects. Osteosarcoma is a type of bone tumor with a high degree of malignancy, and metastasis is the main challenge of osteosarcoma therapy. This study aimed to investigate the role of melittin in the lung metastasis of osteosarcoma. 143 B cells were treated with different concentrations of melittin in vitro. Wound-healing and transwell assays were performed to determine the cell migration and invasion potential. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot experiments were performed to evaluate the expression levels of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related factors after treatment with melittin. The orthotopic implantation model and hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to investigate the effect of melittin treatment on tumor formation and lung metastasis. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot experiments were performed to indicate the melittin-mediated expression changes in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related factors. The cell migration and invasion potential were observed to be inhibited in a dose-dependent manner upon treatment with melittin. Treatment with medium and high concentrations of melittin attenuated the mRNA and protein expression of LRP5, β-catenin, MMP-2, cyclin D, c-Myc, survivin, MMP-9, and VEGF genes in vitro. Melittin significantly inhibited the growth of tibia xenografts in nude mice and decreased the number of lung metastatic nodules. Consistent with the results observed in vitro, treatment with melittin at medium and high concentrations attenuated the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related factors in vivo. In vitro, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was involved in Melittin-mediated -migration and invasion potential of 143 B cells. Similarly, as observed in the in vivo experiments, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was also associated with the role of melittin on lung metastasis of osteosarcomas.
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19
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Liang XL, Wang YL, Wang PR. MiR-200a with CDC7 as a direct target declines cell viability and promotes cell apoptosis in Wilm's tumor via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2409-2420. [PMID: 33599894 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MiR-200a acts as a key role in tumor malignant progression. This work purposed to assess the function of miR-200a in Wilm's tumor. Based on bioinformatics analysis, the expression, prognostic value and related pathways of miR-200a and CDC7 (a potential downstream molecule of miR-200a) in Wilm's tumor were analyzed. qRT-PCR was conducted to confirm the miR-200a level in Wilm's tumor cells. The luciferase reporter assay was carried out to verify the binding of miR-200a to 3'-UTR of CDC7. Then, the impacts of miR-200a and CDC7 on cell viability and apoptosis were measured using CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays. Also, western blot was applied to measure the expression of CDC7 as well as Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins and apoptosis proteins. Herein, we revealed that miR-200a was lowly expressed in Wilm's tumor tissues and cells and the low miR-200a expression is closely bound up with death and poor outcomes. Moreover, miR-200a directly targeted and inhibited CDC7 in Wilm's tumor cells. Biological function experiments illustrated that overexpression of miR-200a reduced the viability and elevated the apoptosis of Wilm's tumor cells, while overexpression of CDC7 reversed the inhibitory impact of miR-200a on cell viability and the promoting impact of miR-200a on cell apoptosis. Besides, we revealed that miR-200a/CDC7 axis can decrease the expression of β-Catenin, Cyclin D1 and C-Myc as well as the phosphorylation of GSK-3β, thus inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, blocking the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway caused an increase on cell apoptosis, while overexpression of CDC7 can reverse these impacts. Collectively, miR-200a/CDC7 axis involved in regulating the malignant phenotype of Wilm's tumor through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which provides a theoretical basis for targeted molecular therapy of Wilm's tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ling Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Hospital Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Long Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Hospital Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Rong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Hospital Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Mechanisms of Resistance to Conventional Therapies for Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040683. [PMID: 33567616 PMCID: PMC7915189 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor, mainly occurring in children and adolescents. Current standard therapy includes tumor resection associated with multidrug chemotherapy. However, patient survival has not evolved for the past decades. Since the 1970s, the 5-year survival rate is around 75% for patients with localized OS but dramatically drops to 20% for bad responders to chemotherapy or patients with metastases. Resistance is one of the biological processes at the origin of therapeutic failure. Therefore, it is necessary to better understand and decipher molecular mechanisms of resistance to conventional chemotherapy in order to develop new strategies and to adapt treatments for patients, thus improving the survival rate. This review will describe most of the molecular mechanisms involved in OS chemoresistance, such as a decrease in intracellular accumulation of drugs, inactivation of drugs, improved DNA repair, modulations of signaling pathways, resistance linked to autophagy, disruption in genes expression linked to the cell cycle, or even implication of the micro-environment. We will also give an overview of potential therapeutic strategies to circumvent resistance development.
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21
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Hirozane T, Masuda M, Sugano T, Sekita T, Goto N, Aoyama T, Sakagami T, Uno Y, Moriyama H, Sawa M, Asano N, Nakamura M, Matsumoto M, Nakayama R, Kondo T, Kawai A, Kobayashi E, Yamada T. Direct conversion of osteosarcoma to adipocytes by targeting TNIK. JCI Insight 2021; 6:137245. [PMID: 33400690 PMCID: PMC7934882 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive mesenchymal tumor for which no molecularly targeted therapies are available. We have previously identified TRAF2- and NCK-interacting protein kinase (TNIK) as an essential factor for the transactivation of Wnt signal target genes and shown that its inhibition leads to eradication of colorectal cancer stem cells. The involvement of Wnt signaling in the pathogenesis of OS has been implicated. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential of TNIK as a therapeutic target in OS. RNA interference or pharmacological inhibition of TNIK suppressed the proliferation of OS cells. Transcriptome analysis suggested that a small-molecule inhibitor of TNIK upregulated the expression of genes involved in OS cell metabolism and downregulated transcription factors essential for maintaining the stem cell phenotype. Metabolome analysis revealed that this TNIK inhibitor redirected the metabolic network from carbon flux toward lipid accumulation in OS cells. Using in vitro and in vivo OS models, we confirmed that TNIK inhibition abrogated the OS stem cell phenotype, simultaneously driving conversion of OS cells to adipocyte-like cells through induction of PPARγ. In relation to potential therapeutic targeting in clinical practice, TNIK was confirmed to be in an active state in OS cell lines and clinical specimens. From these findings, we conclude that TNIK is applicable as a potential target for treatment of OS, affecting cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hirozane
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Masuda
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Sugano
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sekita
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Goto
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Aoyama
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takato Sakagami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Uno
- Carna Biosciences Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | | | | | - Naofumi Asano
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert Nakayama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Kawai
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kobayashi
- Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tesshi Yamada
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Singla A, Wang J, Yang R, Geller DS, Loeb DM, Hoang BH. Wnt Signaling in Osteosarcoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1258:125-139. [PMID: 32767238 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wnt molecules are a class of cysteine-rich secreted glycoproteins that participate in various developmental events during embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis. Since its discovery in 1982, the roles of Wnt signaling have been established in various key regulatory systems in biology. Wnt signals exert pleiotropic effects, including mitogenic stimulation, cell fate specification, and differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway in humans has been shown to be involved in a wide variety of disorders including colon cancer, sarcoma, coronary artery disease, tetra-amelia, Mullerian duct regression, eye vascular defects, and abnormal bone mass. The canonical Wnt pathway functions by regulating the function of the transcriptional coactivator β-catenin, whereas noncanonical pathways function independent of β-catenin. Although the role of Wnt signaling is well established in epithelial malignancies, its role in mesenchymal tumors is more controversial. Some studies have suggested that Wnt signaling plays a pro-oncogenic role in various sarcomas by driving cell proliferation and motility; however, others have reported that Wnt signaling acts as a tumor suppressor by committing tumor cells to differentiate into a mature lineage. Wnt signaling pathway also plays an important role in regulating cancer stem cell function. In this review, we will discuss Wnt signaling pathway and its role in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Singla
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jichuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Tumors, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David S Geller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David M Loeb
- Departments of Pediatrics and Developmental and Molecular Biology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bang H Hoang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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23
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Sha L, Ma D, Chen C. Exosome-mediated Hic-5 regulates proliferation and apoptosis of osteosarcoma via Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23598-23608. [PMID: 33310972 PMCID: PMC7762460 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The expression of Hic-5 was detected in osteosarcoma patients and osteosarcoma cell lines by RT-PCR. Then RFP-sh-Hic-5 was transfected into osteosarcoma cell lines. The effect of Hic-5 on cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by MTT, EdU kit and Flow cytometry. The exosomes were isolated from MG-63 cell supernatant by an Exosome Isolation Kit. The exosome-Hic-5 was confirmed by transmission electron microscope, particle size detection and RT-PCR. Next, exosome-Hic-5 treated cells were explored the cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis. Further, Co-IP assay was employed for identifying the relationship between Hic-5 and smad4. TCF/LEF and the protein level of components of wnt/β-catenin signals were detected by TOP luciferase assay and western blot. Hic-5 was upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cell. Forced decreased expression Hic-5 inhibited the proliferation of osteosarcoma cell lines, and induced apoptosis of MG-63 and HOS. In vivo, silencing Hic-5 remitted the tumor progression. Further, we isolated the exosomes from MG-63 supernatant, exosomes concluding Hic-5 would regulated the proliferation and apoptosis level of MG-63 and HOS cells. Further, Hic-5 interacted with smad4 and regulated Wnt/β-catenin signal by decreasing TCF/LEF activity. Silencing Hic-5 inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of osteosarcoma cell via inactivating Wnt/β-catenin signal by exosome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Sha
- Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao 276826, Shandong Province, China
| | - Deying Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao 276826, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cuili Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao 276826, Shandong Province, China
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24
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Li D, Liu Z, Ning G. [Expression of CDC25A in non-small cell lung cancer and its relationship with let-7 gene]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:1622-1627. [PMID: 33243735 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.11.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of CDC25A in non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and explore its correlation with the clinicpathological features of the patients and the expressions of let-7a1 and let-7c. METHODS We collected surgical specimens of pathologically confirmed NSCLC tissues and paired adjacent lung tissues from 44 patients and tissues of benign lung lesions from 9 patients. The expressions of CDC25A protein and mRNA in the tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR, respectively; the expressions of let-7a1 and let-7c mRNA were detected using tail-adding fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS The positivity rate of CDC25A protein expression was significantly higher in NSCLC tissues than in the adjacent tissues and benign pulmonary lesions (P < 0.05). CDC25A protein expression in NSCLC was not correlated with the patients' age, gender, pathological type, degree of tumor differentiation, or clinical stages (P > 0.05), and was significantly correlated with smoking and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). CDC25A mRNA expression was also significantly higher in NSCLC tissues than in the adjacent tissues and benign pulmonary lesions (F=6.33, P < 0.05), and was similar between the latter two tissues (P > 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that CDC25A expression had a significant negative correlation with let-7c expression in both NSCLC tissues (r=-0.42) and adjacent lung tissues (r=-0.40) but was not correlated with let-7a1 expression. CONCLUSIONS The expression level of CDC25A is significantly increased in NSCLC with a negative correlation with Let-7c expression, which identifies CDC25A as a possible downstream target gene of Let-7c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianming Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Linquan County People's Hospital, Linquan 236400, China
| | - Guolan Ning
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fuyang Second People's Hospital, Fuyang 236000, China
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25
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Synovial Sarcoma: A Complex Disease with Multifaceted Signaling and Epigenetic Landscapes. Curr Oncol Rep 2020; 22:124. [PMID: 33025259 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-020-00985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Aside from a characteristic SS18-SSX translocation identified in almost all cases, no genetic anomalies have been reliably isolated yet to drive the pathogenesis of synovial sarcoma. In the following review, we explore the structural units of wild-type SS18 and SSX, particularly as they relate to the transcriptional alterations and cellular pathway changes imposed by SS18-SSX. RECENT FINDINGS Native SS18 and SSX contribute recognizable domains to the SS18-SSX chimeric proteins, which inflict transcriptional and epigenetic changes through selective protein interactions involving the SWI/SNF and Polycomb chromatin remodeling complexes. Multiple oncogenic and developmental pathways become altered, collectively reprogramming the cellular origin of synovial sarcoma and promoting its malignant transformation. Synovial sarcoma is characterized by complex epigenetic and signaling landscapes. Identifying the operational pathways and concomitant genetic changes induced by SS18-SSX fusions could help develop tailored therapeutic strategies to ultimately improve disease control and patient survivorship.
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26
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Matsuoka K, Bakiri L, Wolff LI, Linder M, Mikels-Vigdal A, Patiño-García A, Lecanda F, Hartmann C, Sibilia M, Wagner EF. Wnt signaling and Loxl2 promote aggressive osteosarcoma. Cell Res 2020; 30:885-901. [PMID: 32686768 PMCID: PMC7608146 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent primary malignant bone tumor in urgent need of better therapies. Using genetically modified mouse models (GEMMs), we demonstrate that Wnt signaling promotes c-Fos-induced OS formation via the actions of the collagen-modifying enzyme Loxl2. c-Fos/AP-1 directly regulates the expression of the Wnt ligands Wnt7b and Wnt9a in OS cells through promoter binding, and Wnt7b and Wnt9a in turn promote Loxl2 expression in murine and human OS cells through the transcription factors Zeb1 and Zeb2. Concordantly, inhibition of Wnt ligand secretion by inactivating the Wnt-less (Wls) gene in osteoblasts in c-Fos GEMMs either early or in a therapeutic setting reduces Loxl2 expression and progression of OS. Wls-deficient osteosarcomas proliferate less, are less mineralized and are enriched in fibroblastic cells surrounded by collagen fibers. Importantly, Loxl2 inhibition using either the pan-Lox inhibitor BAPN or a specific inducible shRNA reduces OS cell proliferation in vitro and decreases tumor growth and lung colonization in murine and human orthotopic OS transplantation models. Finally, OS development is delayed in c-Fos GEMMs treated with BAPN or with specific Loxl2 blocking antibodies. Congruently, a strong correlation between c-FOS, LOXL2 and WNT7B/WNT9A expression is observed in human OS samples, and c-FOS/LOXL2 co-expression correlates with OS aggressiveness and decreased patient survival. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of Wnt and/or Loxl2 should be considered to potentiate the inadequate current treatments for pediatric, recurrent, and metastatic OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Matsuoka
- Laboratory Genes and Disease, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna (MUV), Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Latifa Bakiri
- Laboratory Genes and Disease, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna (MUV), Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Lena I Wolff
- Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Medical Faculty, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Markus Linder
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna (MUV), Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | | | - Ana Patiño-García
- Navarra Institute for Health Research(IdISNA) and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- Navarra Institute for Health Research(IdISNA) and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Christine Hartmann
- Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Medical Faculty, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna (MUV), Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Laboratory Genes and Disease, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna (MUV), Vienna, 1090, Austria.
- Laboratory Genes and Disease, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna (MUV), Vienna, 1090, Austria.
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27
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Bone Microenvironment and Osteosarcoma Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196985. [PMID: 32977425 PMCID: PMC7582690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone microenvironment is an ideal fertile soil for both primary and secondary tumors to seed. The occurrence and development of osteosarcoma, as a primary bone tumor, is closely related to the bone microenvironment. Especially, the metastasis of osteosarcoma is the remaining challenge of therapy and poor prognosis. Increasing evidence focuses on the relationship between the bone microenvironment and osteosarcoma metastasis. Many elements exist in the bone microenvironment, such as acids, hypoxia, and chemokines, which have been verified to affect the progression and malignance of osteosarcoma through various signaling pathways. We thoroughly summarized all these regulators in the bone microenvironment and the transmission cascades, accordingly, attempting to furnish hints for inhibiting osteosarcoma metastasis via the amelioration of the bone microenvironment. In addition, analysis of the cross-talk between the bone microenvironment and osteosarcoma will help us to deeply understand the development of osteosarcoma. The cellular and molecular protagonists presented in the bone microenvironment promoting osteosarcoma metastasis will accelerate the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies towards osteosarcoma.
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28
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Lilienthal I, Herold N. Targeting Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Treatment Efficacy and Resistance in Osteosarcoma: A Review of Current and Future Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186885. [PMID: 32961800 PMCID: PMC7555161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents. Due to micrometastatic spread, radical surgery alone rarely results in cure. Introduction of combination chemotherapy in the 1970s, however, dramatically increased overall survival rates from 20% to approximately 70%. Unfortunately, large clinical trials aiming to intensify treatment in the past decades have failed to achieve higher cure rates. In this review, we revisit how the heterogenous nature of osteosarcoma as well as acquired and intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy can account for stagnation in therapy improvement. We summarise current osteosarcoma treatment strategies focusing on molecular determinants of treatment susceptibility and resistance. Understanding therapy susceptibility and resistance provides a basis for rational therapy betterment for both identifying patients that might be cured with less toxic interventions and targeting resistance mechanisms to sensitise resistant osteosarcoma to conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Lilienthal
- Division of Paediatric Oncology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (N.H.); Tel.: +46-(0)8-52483204 (I.L. & N.H.)
| | - Nikolas Herold
- Division of Paediatric Oncology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Paediatric Oncology, Astrid Lindgren’s Children Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (N.H.); Tel.: +46-(0)8-52483204 (I.L. & N.H.)
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29
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Martinez-Font E, Pérez-Capó M, Ramos R, Felipe I, Garcías C, Luna P, Terrasa J, Martín-Broto J, Vögler O, Alemany R, Obrador-Hevia A. Impact of Wnt/β-Catenin Inhibition on Cell Proliferation through CDC25A Downregulation in Soft Tissue Sarcomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092556. [PMID: 32911761 PMCID: PMC7564873 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Growing evidence suggests that Wnt signaling may be crucial for tumorigenesis and progression of soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Inhibitors of this pathway are currently in clinical trials or pre-clinical studies in order to validate its utility in different neoplasia. One of this inhibitors, PRI-724, is showing promising results for advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma or ovarian cancer. We found that PRI-724 is able to suppress cell viability/proliferation and to increase cell death rates of soft tissue sarcomas cells in vitro. CDC25A, a target gene of Wnt signaling pathway, is essential for STS proliferation because its downregulation via siRNA was able to mimic the effect of PRT-724 on cell cycle arrest and evaluation of NCBI/GenBank data confirmed its overexpression in STS patients’ samples. Moreover, in vitro administration of PRI-724 along with standard STS chemotherapeutic drugs improved the efficacy of chemotherapy, suggesting that Wnt inhibition could be a promising new therapeutic strategy in STS. Abstract The Wnt signaling pathway is an important cellular mechanism for regulating differentiation processes as well as cell cycle events, and different inhibitors of this pathway, for example, PRI-724, are showing promising results in clinical trials for treatment of advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma or ovarian cancer. Growing evidence suggests that Wnt signaling may also be crucial for tumorigenesis and progression of soft tissue sarcomas (STS), a malignant neoplasm with few therapeutic options at an advanced state. Our study with several STS cell lines and primary cultures shows that inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling with PRI-724 is able to suppress cell viability/proliferation and to increase cell death rates. TCF/β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity is decreased in treated cells, leading to downregulation of its target genes CCND1 and CDC25A. The latter was critical because its downregulation via siRNA was able to mimic the effect of PRI-724 on cell cycle arrest and cell death induction. An evaluation of NCBI/GenBank data confirmed that CDC25A mRNA is elevated in STS patients. Importantly, PRI-724 in combination with standard STS chemotherapeutics doxorubicin or trabectedin enhanced their antitumoral effect in a synergistic manner according to isobolographic analysis, suggesting that Wnt inhibition through PRI-724 could be a beneficial combination regime in patients with advanced STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Martinez-Font
- Group of Advanced Therapies and Biomarkers in Clinical Oncology, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa-IUNICS), Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma, Spain; (E.M.-F.); (M.P.-C.); (C.G.); (J.T.); (O.V.); (R.A.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma, Spain;
| | - Marina Pérez-Capó
- Group of Advanced Therapies and Biomarkers in Clinical Oncology, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa-IUNICS), Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma, Spain; (E.M.-F.); (M.P.-C.); (C.G.); (J.T.); (O.V.); (R.A.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma, Spain;
| | - Rafael Ramos
- Pathology Department, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma, Spain;
| | - Irene Felipe
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carmen Garcías
- Group of Advanced Therapies and Biomarkers in Clinical Oncology, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa-IUNICS), Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma, Spain; (E.M.-F.); (M.P.-C.); (C.G.); (J.T.); (O.V.); (R.A.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma, Spain;
| | - Pablo Luna
- Medical Oncology Department, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma, Spain;
| | - Josefa Terrasa
- Group of Advanced Therapies and Biomarkers in Clinical Oncology, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa-IUNICS), Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma, Spain; (E.M.-F.); (M.P.-C.); (C.G.); (J.T.); (O.V.); (R.A.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma, Spain;
| | - Javier Martín-Broto
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla, IBIS, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Oliver Vögler
- Group of Advanced Therapies and Biomarkers in Clinical Oncology, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa-IUNICS), Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma, Spain; (E.M.-F.); (M.P.-C.); (C.G.); (J.T.); (O.V.); (R.A.)
- Group of Clinical and Translational Research, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Regina Alemany
- Group of Advanced Therapies and Biomarkers in Clinical Oncology, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa-IUNICS), Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma, Spain; (E.M.-F.); (M.P.-C.); (C.G.); (J.T.); (O.V.); (R.A.)
- Group of Clinical and Translational Research, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Antònia Obrador-Hevia
- Group of Advanced Therapies and Biomarkers in Clinical Oncology, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa-IUNICS), Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma, Spain; (E.M.-F.); (M.P.-C.); (C.G.); (J.T.); (O.V.); (R.A.)
- Molecular Diagnosis Unit, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-8-7120-5448
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Cancer Stem Cells in Soft-Tissue Sarcomas. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061449. [PMID: 32532153 PMCID: PMC7349510 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a rare group of mesenchymal solid tumors with heterogeneous genetic profiles and clinical features. Systemic chemotherapy is the backbone treatment for advanced STS; however, STS frequently acquire resistance to standard therapies, which highlights the need to improve treatments and identify novel therapeutic targets. Increases in the knowledge of the molecular pathways that drive sarcomas have brought to light different molecular alterations that cause tumor initiation and progression. These findings have triggered a breakthrough of targeted therapies that are being assessed in clinical trials. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) features and represent a subpopulation of tumor cells that play an important role in tumor progression, chemotherapy resistance, recurrence and metastasis. In fact, CSCs phenotypes have been identified in sarcomas, allied to drug resistance and tumorigenesis. Herein, we will review the published evidence of CSCs in STS, discussing the molecular characteristic of CSCs, the commonly used isolation techniques and the new possibilities of targeting CSCs as a way to improve STS treatment and consequently patient outcome.
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31
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Dou Y, Chen F, Lu Y, Qiu H, Zhang H. Effects of Wnt/β-Catenin Signal Pathway Regulated by miR-342-5p Targeting CBX2 on Proliferation, Metastasis and Invasion of Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:3783-3794. [PMID: 32547214 PMCID: PMC7247607 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s250208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway mediated by miR-342-5p targeting CBX2 gene on the proliferation, metastasis, invasion and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells, and to explore its related regulatory mechanism. Methods Human normal ovarian epithelial cell line IOSE80, human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and OVCAR3 were the subjects. Software were used to predict the binding site of miR-342-5p targeting CBX2 gene. The proliferation rate of ovarian cancer cells was detected by MTT method; the cell viability of each group was observed by colony formation test; the apoptosis of cells in each group was detected by flow cytometry; the invasive ability of cells was determined by transwell test, and the migration ability of cells was detected by scratch test. The mRNA expression levels of miR-342-5p, CBX2, Wnt1, β-catenin, C-myc and Cyclin D1 were measured by qRT-PCR. Also, Western blot was used to determine the protein expression levels of CBX2, Wnt1, β-catenin, C-myc and Cyclin D1. Results CBX2 was identified as the target gene of miR-342-5p. MTT test results showed that miR-342-5p could significantly inhibit the proliferation of SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells, colony formation assay results indicated that the viability of SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells transfected with miR-342-5p decreased significantly, and flow cytometry results suggested that miR-342-5p could promote the apoptosis of SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells. Also, the results of transwell showed that miR-342-5p could significantly inhibit the invasive ability of SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells, and the results of scratch assay suggested that miR-342-5p could significantly inhibit the migration of SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells. Moreover, qRT-PCR and Western blot results indicated that the mRNA and protein expression levels of CBX2, Wnt1, β-catenin, C-myc and Cyclin D1 decreased in SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells transfected with miR-342-5p, while the mRNA expression levels of miR-342-5p increased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion MiR-342-5p targeted gene is CBX2, which can significantly reduce the proliferation, invasion, migration and viability of ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and OVCAR3, and promote their apoptosis. The mechanism may be related to the mediation of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway and down-regulation of the related genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dou
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Chen
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawan Lu
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, People's Republic of China
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Lu L, Jin W, Wang LL. RECQ DNA Helicases and Osteosarcoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1258:37-54. [PMID: 32767233 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The RECQ family of DNA helicases is a conserved group of enzymes that plays an important role in maintaining genomic stability. Humans possess five RECQ helicase genes, and mutations in three of them - BLM, WRN, and RECQL4 - are associated with the genetic disorders Bloom syndrome, Werner syndrome, and Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS), respectively. These syndromes share overlapping clinical features, and importantly they are all associated with an increased risk of cancer. Patients with RTS have the highest specific risk of developing osteosarcoma compared to all other cancer predisposition syndromes; therefore, RTS serves as a relevant model to study the pathogenesis and molecular genetics of osteosarcoma. The "tumor suppressor" function of the RECQ helicases continues to be an area of active investigation. This chapter will focus primarily on the known cellular functions of RECQL4 and how these may relate to tumorigenesis, as well as ongoing efforts to understand RECQL4's functions in vivo using animal models. Understanding the RECQ pathways will provide insight into avenues for novel cancer therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchao Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Weidong Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lisa L Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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33
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Cancer Stem Cells and Osteosarcoma: Opportunities and Limitations. Tech Orthop 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/bto.0000000000000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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34
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Lang JE, Tseng WW, Kang I. Editorial: A Novel Monoclonal Antibody-Targeting Angiogenesis by Inhibiting Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 2. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 26:4188-4190. [PMID: 31502016 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Lang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - William W Tseng
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Irene Kang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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35
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Carmagnani Pestana R, Groisberg R, Roszik J, Subbiah V. Precision Oncology in Sarcomas: Divide and Conquer. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3:PO.18.00247. [PMID: 32914012 PMCID: PMC7446356 DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of rare malignancies that exhibit remarkable heterogeneity, with more than 50 subtypes recognized. Advances in next-generation sequencing technology have resulted in the discovery of genetic events in these mesenchymal tumors, which in addition to enhancing understanding of the biology, have opened up avenues for molecularly targeted therapy and immunotherapy. This review focuses on how incorporation of next-generation sequencing has affected drug development in sarcomas and strategies for optimizing precision oncology for these rare cancers. In a significant percentage of soft tissue sarcomas, which represent up to 40% of all sarcomas, specific driver molecular abnormalities have been identified. The challenge to evaluate these mutations across rare cancer subtypes requires the careful characterization of these genetic alterations to further define compelling drivers with therapeutic implications. Novel models of clinical trial design also are needed. This shift would entail sustained efforts by the sarcoma community to move from one-size-fits-all trials, in which all sarcomas are treated similarly, to divide-and-conquer subtype-specific strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Groisberg
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jason Roszik
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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36
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Down-regulation of FZD3 receptor suppresses growth and metastasis of human melanoma independently of canonical WNT signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4548-4557. [PMID: 30792348 PMCID: PMC6410844 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813802116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Frizzled 3 receptor (FZD3) plays an important role in the homeostasis of the neural crest and its derivatives, which give rise to pigment-synthesizing cells, melanocytes. While the role for FZD3 in specification of the melanocytic lineage from neural crest is well established, its significance in the formation of melanoma, its associated malignancy, is less understood. In this study we identified FZD3 as a critical regulator of human melanoma tumorigenesis. Down-regulation of FZD3 abrogated growth, colony-forming potential, and invasive capacity of patient-derived melanoma cells. Xenotransplantation of tumor cells with down-regulated FZD3 levels originating from melanomas carrying the BRAF(V600) mutation uniformly suppressed their capacity for tumor and metastasis formation. FZD3 knockdown leads to the down-regulation of the core cell cycle protein components (cyclins D1, E2, B1, and CDKs 1, 2, and 4) in melanomas with a hyperactive BRAF oncogene, indicating a dominant role of this receptor during melanoma pathogenesis. Enriched pathway analysis revealed that FZD3 inhibits transcriptional networks controlled by CREB5, FOXD1, and ATF3, which suppress the activity of MAPK-mediated signaling. Thus, FZD3 establishes a positive-feedback mechanism that activates MAPK signal transduction network, critical to melanoma carcinogenesis. Importantly, high levels of FZD3 mRNA were found to be correlated with melanoma advancement to metastatic stages and limited patient survival. Changes in gene-expression patterns mediated by FZD3 activity occur in the absence of nuclear β-catenin function, thus representing an important therapeutic target for the melanoma patients whose disease progresses independent of canonical WNT signaling.
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37
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Conduit SE, Hakim S, Feeney SJ, Ooms LM, Dyson JM, Abud HE, Mitchell CA. β-catenin ablation exacerbates polycystic kidney disease progression. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:230-244. [PMID: 30265301 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) results from excessive renal epithelial cell proliferation, leading to the formation of large fluid filled cysts which impair renal function and frequently lead to renal failure. Hyperactivation of numerous signaling pathways is hypothesized to promote renal epithelial cell hyperproliferation including mTORC1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and WNT signaling. β-catenin and its target genes are overexpressed in some PKD models and expression of activated β-catenin induces cysts in mice; however, β-catenin murine knockout studies indicate it may also inhibit cystogenesis. Therefore, it remains unclear whether β-catenin is pro- or anti-cystogenic and whether its role is canonical WNT signaling-dependent. Here, we investigate whether β-catenin deletion in a PKD model with hyperactived β-catenin signaling affects disease progression to address whether increased β-catenin drives PKD. We used renal epithelial cell specific Inpp5e-null PKD mice which we report exhibit increased β-catenin and target gene expression in the cystic kidneys. Surprisingly, co-deletion of β-catenin with Inpp5e in renal epithelial cells exacerbated polycystic kidney disease and renal failure compared to Inpp5e deletion alone, but did not normalize β-catenin target gene expression. β-catenin/Inpp5e double-knockout kidneys exhibited increased cyst initiation, cell proliferation and MEK/ERK signaling compared to Inpp5e-null, associated with increased fibrosis, which may collectively contribute to accelerated disease. Therefore, increased β-catenin and WNT target gene expression are not necessarily cyst promoting. Rather β-catenin may play a dual and context-dependent role in PKD and in the presence of other cyst-inducing mutations (Inpp5e-deletion); β-catenin loss may exacerbate disease in a WNT target gene-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Conduit
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Hakim
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra J Feeney
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa M Ooms
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Dyson
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen E Abud
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina A Mitchell
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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38
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Bertucci F, Finetti P, De Nonneville A, Birnbaum D. "Wnt/β-Catenin in GIST"-Letter. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:327-328. [PMID: 29295963 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In an article published on September, 2017, in Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, Zeng and colleagues showed that the WNT/β-catenin oncogenic pathway was activated in a subset of human gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and that inhibiting its signaling alone or in combination with imatinib has antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo in imatinib-sensitive and resistant preclinical models. However, they concluded that "more investigation is needed to correlate β-catenin activation with clinicopathologic features in GIST clinical samples." Here, we examined the activation score of the β-catenin pathway in 160 clinically annotated clinical samples of operated primary GISTs. We showed that the β-catenin activation score, assessed as continuous variable, was heterogeneous across samples. Higher score was associated with certain prognostic clinicopathologic characteristics, including mutational status, tumor size, and AFIP classification, and even more importantly, with more postoperative relapses in uni- and multivariate analyses. Such unfavorable independent prognostic value of β-catenin activation reinforces the potential therapeutic value of this new target in GIST and nicely complements Zeng's study. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(1); 327-8. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bertucci
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Marseille, France.
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre De Nonneville
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Marseille, France
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39
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Fang F, VanCleave A, Helmuth R, Torres H, Rickel K, Wollenzien H, Sun H, Zeng E, Zhao J, Tao J. Targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in human osteosarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36780-36792. [PMID: 30613366 PMCID: PMC6298399 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Wnt signaling has been implicated in human osteosarcoma, which may provide a genetic vulnerability that can be targeted in osteosarcoma treatment. To test whether Wnt activation is necessary for osteosarcoma growth, colony formation, invasion, and metastasis, we treated human osteosarcoma cells with a small molecule inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin, PRI-724, which suppresses Wnt/β-catenin-mediated transcription. We found increased protein levels of endogenous active-β-catenin in five human osteosarcoma cell lines. Treatment with PRI-724 was sufficient to inhibit human osteosarcoma 143B and SJSA-1 cell proliferation. Suppressed Wnt signaling was confirmed by decreased protein levels of the Wnt target Cyclin D1. Furthermore, we revealed significant inhibitory effects on cell migration, invasion, and colony formation in the human osteosarcoma cells. Using deposited data from next generation sequencing studies, we analyzed somatic mutations and gene expression of components in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We found somatic mutations and upregulated gene expression of many components in the Wnt/ β-catenin pathway, indicating activated Wnt signaling. Taken together, our results illustrate the critical role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human osteosarcoma pathogenesis and growth, as well as the therapeutic potential of Wnt inhibitors in the treatment of human osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Ashley VanCleave
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Ralph Helmuth
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- BRIN Scholar from Dakota Wesleyan University, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Haydee Torres
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Kirby Rickel
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Hannah Wollenzien
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Erliang Zeng
- Departments of Preventive & Community Dentistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Biostatistics, Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology of College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Population Health Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jianning Tao
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
- Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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40
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Briski LM, Thomas DG, Patel RM, Lawlor ER, Chugh R, McHugh JB, Lucas DR. Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation in soft-tissue sarcomas: A comparative study of synovial sarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. Rare Tumors 2018; 10:2036361318813431. [PMID: 30505422 PMCID: PMC6256314 DOI: 10.1177/2036361318813431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin
pathway is associated with many malignant neoplasms. This includes some
soft-tissue sarcoma phenotypes, most notably synovial sarcoma, implicating
potential targets for novel molecular therapies. Objective: We investigate the level of Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation present in
leiomyosarcomas relative to synovial sarcomas, using expression of LEF1 and
β-catenin as surrogates. Methods: Cancer outlier profile analysis was performed on messenger RNA expression
datasets in Oncomine (70 synovial sarcomas, 178 leiomyosarcomas). Results
for LEF1 and β-catenin messenger RNA expression were reported in terms of
median-centered intensity. Separate immunohistochemical studies were
performed on tissue microarrays created from 77 synovial sarcomas and 89
leiomyosarcomas using antibodies to LEF1 and β-catenin. Tumors with
unequivocal strong nuclear staining involving ⩾5% of cells were interpreted
as positive. Results: Cancer outlier profile analysis demonstrated a higher level of LEF1 messenger
RNA expression in synovial sarcomas than in leiomyosarcomas
(p < 0.0001), but showed no significant difference
in β-catenin messenger RNA expression (p = 0.868).
Immunohistochemistry showed most synovial sarcomas had strong nuclear
expression of LEF1 (79%) and β-catenin (84%), while a small minority of
leiomyosarcomas had strong nuclear expression of LEF1 (5%) and β-catenin
(6%). Conclusion: These results provide further evidence that aberrant activation of the
Wnt/β-catenin pathway is present in most synovial sarcomas, but not in most
leiomyosarcomas. While targeting the constituents of this pathway might be
effective in the treatment of synovial sarcomas, it is not likely to be an
effective strategy in the treatment of leiomyosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dafydd G Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rajiv M Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Lawlor
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rashmi Chugh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - David R Lucas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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41
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Pazopanib-induced changes in protein expression signatures of extracellular vesicles in synovial sarcoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:723-730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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42
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Guo Y, Yin J, Tang M, Yu X. Downregulation of SOX3 leads to the inhibition of the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1277-1284. [PMID: 29484385 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex determining region Y-box protein 3 (SOX3) is involved in embryonic development and tumorigenesis. However, the expression and precise role of SOX3 in osteosarcoma remain unclear. In this study, we reported that SOX3 expression was upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues compared with non-cancerous bone cyst tissues. To elucidate the cellular and molecular function of SOX3, we examined the consequences of SOX3 knockdown in osteosarcoma cells. We found that the downregulation of SOX3 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. SOX3 downregulation also increased the cell population in the G1 phase and induced cell apoptosis. SOX3 knockdown-mediated cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis were associated with decreased levels of Cdc25A, cyclin D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Bcl-2, as well as an increased Bax expression. We also found that the downregulation of SOX3 decreased the expression of Snail, Twist and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and increased E-cadherin expression, resulting in the inhibition of cell migration and invasion. Taken together, our data indicate that SOX3 may serve as an oncogene in osteosarcoma, and SOX3 downregulation may prove to be a novel approach for the inhibition of osteosarcoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Jimin Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Mingjie Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Xingang Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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IWR-1, a tankyrase inhibitor, attenuates Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cancer stem-like cells and inhibits in vivo the growth of a subcutaneous human osteosarcoma xenograft. Cancer Lett 2018; 414:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Jones SE, Fleuren EDG, Frankum J, Konde A, Williamson CT, Krastev DB, Pemberton HN, Campbell J, Gulati A, Elliott R, Menon M, Selfe JL, Brough R, Pettitt SJ, Niedzwiedz W, van der Graaf WTA, Shipley J, Ashworth A, Lord CJ. ATR Is a Therapeutic Target in Synovial Sarcoma. Cancer Res 2017; 77:7014-7026. [PMID: 29038346 PMCID: PMC6155488 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is an aggressive soft-tissue malignancy characterized by expression of SS18-SSX fusions, where treatment options are limited. To identify therapeutically actionable genetic dependencies in SS, we performed a series of parallel, high-throughput small interfering RNA (siRNA) screens and compared genetic dependencies in SS tumor cells with those in >130 non-SS tumor cell lines. This approach revealed a reliance of SS tumor cells upon the DNA damage response serine/threonine protein kinase ATR. Clinical ATR inhibitors (ATRi) elicited a synthetic lethal effect in SS tumor cells and impaired growth of SS patient-derived xenografts. Oncogenic SS18-SSX family fusion genes are known to alter the composition of the BAF chromatin-remodeling complex, causing ejection and degradation of wild-type SS18 and the tumor suppressor SMARCB1. Expression of oncogenic SS18-SSX fusion proteins caused profound ATRi sensitivity and a reduction in SS18 and SMARCB1 protein levels, but an SSX18-SSX1 Δ71-78 fusion containing a C-terminal deletion did not. ATRi sensitivity in SS was characterized by an increase in biomarkers of replication fork stress (increased γH2AX, decreased replication fork speed, and increased R-loops), an apoptotic response, and a dependence upon cyclin E expression. Combinations of cisplatin or PARP inhibitors enhanced the antitumor cell effect of ATRi, suggesting that either single-agent ATRi or combination therapy involving ATRi might be further assessed as candidate approaches for SS treatment. Cancer Res; 77(24); 7014-26. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Jones
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Emmy D G Fleuren
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
- Clinical and Translational Sarcoma Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jessica Frankum
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Asha Konde
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Chris T Williamson
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Dragomir B Krastev
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Helen N Pemberton
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - James Campbell
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Aditi Gulati
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Richard Elliott
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Malini Menon
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Joanna L Selfe
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Rachel Brough
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Stephen J Pettitt
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Wojciech Niedzwiedz
- Cancer and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Janet Shipley
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - Alan Ashworth
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
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Dishevelled1-3 contribute to multidrug resistance in colorectal cancer via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:115803-115816. [PMID: 29383202 PMCID: PMC5777814 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is a great obstacle in successful chemotherapy of colorectal cancer. However, the molecular mechanism underlying multidrug resistance is not fully understood. Dishevelled, a pivot in Wnt signaling, has been linked to cancer progression, while its role in chemoresistance remains unclear. Here, we found that Dishevelled1-3 was over-expressed in multidrug-resistant colorectal cancer cells (HCT-8/VCR) compared to their parental cells. Silencing Dishevelled1-3 resensitized HCT-8/VCR cells to multiple drugs including vincristine, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin. Moreover, Dishevelled1-3 increased the protein levels of multidrug resistance protein 1 (P-gp/MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), Survivin and Bcl-2 which are correlated with multidrug resistance. shβ-catenin abolished Dishevelled-mediated these protein expressions. Unexpectedly, none of Dishevelled1-3 controlled β-catenin accumulation and nuclear translocation. Furthermore, the nuclear translocations of Dishevelled1-3 were promoted in HCT-8/VCR cells compared to HCT-8. Dishevelled1-3 bound to β-catenin in nucleus, and promoted nuclear complex formation and transcription activity of β-catenin/TCF. Taken together, Dishevelled1-3 contributed to multidrug resistance in colorectal cancer via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and inducing the expressions of P-gp, MRP2, BCRP, Survivin and Bcl-2, independently of β-catenin accumulation and nuclear translocation. Silencing Dishevelled1-3 resensitized multidrug-resistant colorectal cancer cells, providing a novel therapeutic target for successful chemotherapy of colorectal cancer.
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Martinez-Font E, Vögler O, Alemany R, Obrador-Hevia A. Wnt Signaling Inhibition Promotes Apoptosis in Sarcomas-Response. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2325. [PMID: 28974624 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Martinez-Font
- Group of Advanced Therapies and Biomarkers in Clinical Oncology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa), Palma, Spain
| | - Oliver Vögler
- Group of Advanced Therapies and Biomarkers in Clinical Oncology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa), Palma, Spain.,Group of Clinical and Translational Research. Department of Biology, Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Regina Alemany
- Group of Advanced Therapies and Biomarkers in Clinical Oncology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa), Palma, Spain.,Group of Clinical and Translational Research. Department of Biology, Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Antònia Obrador-Hevia
- Group of Advanced Therapies and Biomarkers in Clinical Oncology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa), Palma, Spain. .,Department of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain
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Pridgeon MG, Grohar PJ, Steensma MR, Williams BO. Wnt Signaling in Ewing Sarcoma, Osteosarcoma, and Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2017. [PMID: 28647886 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-017-0377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Wnt signaling plays a central role in development and homeostasis, and its dysregulation is a common event in many types of human cancer. Here we explore in detail the contributions of Wnt signaling to the initiation and maintenance of three types of saroma: Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. This review provides an overview of the Wnt signaling pathway and explores in detail the current knowledge about its role in the initiation or maintenance of three tumor types: Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. RECENT FINDINGS Recent work has assessed the role(s) of Wnt signaling within these cell types. This review provides an overview of the mechanistic insights that have been gained from a number of recent studies to set the foundation for potential therapeutic applications. Wnt signaling has emerged as a potentially critical pathway in maintaining the growth of these types of tumors. Given the fact that many new inhibitors of the pathway have recently or will soon enter Phase 1 clinical trials, it is likely that assessment of their activity in these tumor types will occur in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Pridgeon
- Grand Rapids Medical Education Partners, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Spectrum Health Cancer Center, Spectrum Health System, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Helen De Vos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Patrick J Grohar
- Spectrum Health Cancer Center, Spectrum Health System, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Helen De Vos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Matthew R Steensma
- Spectrum Health Cancer Center, Spectrum Health System, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Helen De Vos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Surgery, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Bart O Williams
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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Hayashi M, Baker A, Goldstein SD, Albert CM, Jackson KW, McCarty G, Kahlert UD, Loeb DM. Inhibition of porcupine prolongs metastasis free survival in a mouse xenograft model of Ewing sarcoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78265-78276. [PMID: 29108227 PMCID: PMC5667961 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The most pressing unmet clinical need for patients with Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the prevention and treatment of metastasis. The Wnt signaling pathway regulates a number of cellular functions associated with metastasis, including proliferation, motility, and stem cell self-renewal. Functional interaction between Wnt ligands and their receptors requires palmitoylation by Porcupine (Porcn), making this an ideal therapeutic target. We studied the effect of WNT974, a potent, selective Porcn inhibitor, on ES metastasis. In vitro, WNT974 does not affect ES proliferation or sarcosphere formation, but suppresses multiple transcriptional regulators of metastasis and inhibits cell migration. In vivo, in an orthotopic implantation/amputation model of spontaneous distant metastasis, single agent WNT974 treatment leads to a significant delay in formation of lung metastasis and a substantial improvement in post-amputation survival without a major effect on primary tumor growth. The drug produces no survival benefit in a tail vein injection model, supporting the hypothesis that WNT974 inhibits early steps in the metastatic cascade, such as migration and invasion. Our findings strongly implicate Wnt signaling in the early steps of ES metastasis and demonstrate that WNT974 has the potential to significantly improve the survival of ES patients through the specific inhibition of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Hayashi
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alissa Baker
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seth D Goldstein
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Catherine M Albert
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kyle W Jackson
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gregory McCarty
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ulf D Kahlert
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Neurosurgical Clinic, University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David M Loeb
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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49
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Extracellular LDLR repeats modulate Wnt signaling activity by promoting LRP6 receptor endocytosis mediated by the Itch E3 ubiquitin ligase. Genes Cancer 2017; 8:613-627. [PMID: 28966723 PMCID: PMC5620007 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The LOW-density lipoprotein related protein 6 (LRP6) receptor is an important effector of canonical Wnt signaling, a developmental pathway, whose dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases including cancer. The membrane proximal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor repeats in LRP6 exhibit homology to ligand binding repeats in the LDL receptor (LDLR), but lack known function. We generated single amino acid substitutions of LRP6-LDLR repeat residues, which are highly conserved in the human LDLR and mutated in patients with Familial Hypercholesteremia (FH). These substitutions negatively impacted LRP6 internalization and activation of Wnt signaling. By mass spectrometry, we observed that the Itch E3 ubiquitin ligase associated with and ubiquitinated wild type LRP6 but not the LDLR repeat mutants. These findings establish the involvement of LRP6-LDLR repeats in the regulation of canonical Wnt signaling.
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50
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Zeng S, Seifert AM, Zhang JQ, Cavnar MJ, Kim TS, Balachandran VP, Santamaria-Barria JA, Cohen NA, Beckman MJ, Medina BD, Rossi F, Crawley MH, Loo JK, Maltbaek JH, Besmer P, Antonescu CR, DeMatteo RP. Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Contributes to Tumor Malignancy and Is Targetable in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1954-1966. [PMID: 28611108 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common type of sarcoma and usually harbors either a KIT or PDGFRA mutation. However, the molecular basis for tumor malignancy is not well defined. Although the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is important in a variety of cancers, its role in GIST is uncertain. Through analysis of nearly 150 human GIST specimens, we found that some human GISTs expressed β-catenin and contained active, dephosphorylated nuclear β-catenin. Furthermore, advanced human GISTs expressed reduced levels of the Wnt antagonist DKK4. Accordingly, in human GIST T1 cells, Wnt stimulation increased β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity in a reporter assay as well as transcription of the downstream target genes Axin2 and CCND1 In contrast, DKK4 overexpression in GIST T1 cells reduced Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In addition, we showed that nuclear β-catenin stability was partially regulated by the E3 ligase COP1, as demonstrated with coimmunoprecipitation and COP1 knockdown. Three molecular inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway demonstrated antitumor efficacy in various GIST models, both in vitro and in vivo Notably, the tankyrase inhibitor G007-LK alone had substantial activity against tumors of genetically engineered KitV558Δ/+ mice, and the effect was increased by the addition of the Kit inhibitor imatinib mesylate. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a novel therapeutic target for selected untreated or imatinib-resistant GISTs. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(9); 1954-66. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zeng
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Adrian M Seifert
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer Q Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Cavnar
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Teresa S Kim
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Vinod P Balachandran
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Noah A Cohen
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Beckman
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin D Medina
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ferdinand Rossi
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Megan H Crawley
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer K Loo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Joanna H Maltbaek
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Peter Besmer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ronald P DeMatteo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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